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Diff for /mandoc/Attic/mdoc.3 between version 1.4 and 1.11

version 1.4, 2009/01/19 17:51:33 version 1.11, 2009/02/25 17:02:47
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   .\" $Id$
   .\"
   .\" Copyright (c) 2009 Kristaps Dzonsons <kristaps@kth.se>
   .\"
   .\" Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any
   .\" purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the
   .\" above copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all
   .\" copies.
   .\"
   .\" THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL
   .\" WARRANTIES WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED
   .\" WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
   .\" AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
   .\" DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR
   .\" PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER
   .\" TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR
   .\" PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
 .\"  .\"
 .Dd $Mdocdate$  .Dd $Mdocdate$
 .Dt mdoc 3  .Dt mdoc 3
 .Os  .Os
 .\"  .\" SECTION
 .Sh NAME  .Sh NAME
 .Nm mdoc_alloc ,  .Nm mdoc_alloc ,
 .Nm mdoc_parseln ,  .Nm mdoc_parseln ,
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 .Nm mdoc_meta ,  .Nm mdoc_meta ,
 .Nm mdoc_free  .Nm mdoc_free
 .Nd mdoc macro compiler library  .Nd mdoc macro compiler library
 .\"  .\" SECTION
 .Sh SYNOPSIS  .Sh SYNOPSIS
 .Fd #include <mdoc.h>  .Fd #include <mdoc.h>
 .Vt extern const char * const * mdoc_macronames;  .Vt extern const char * const * mdoc_macronames;
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 .Fn mdoc_meta "struct mdoc *mdoc"  .Fn mdoc_meta "struct mdoc *mdoc"
 .Ft int  .Ft int
 .Fn mdoc_endparse "struct mdoc *mdoc"  .Fn mdoc_endparse "struct mdoc *mdoc"
 .\"  .\" SECTION
 .Sh DESCRIPTION  .Sh DESCRIPTION
 The  The
 .Nm mdoc  .Nm mdoc
 library parses lines of mdoc-macro text into an abstract syntax tree.  library parses lines of mdoc input into an abstract syntax tree.
   .Dq mdoc ,
   which is used to format BSD manual pages, is a macro package of the
   .Dq roff
   language.  The
   .Nm
   library implements only those macros documented in the
   .Xr mdoc 7
   and
   .Xr mdoc.samples 7
   manuals.  Documents with
   .Xr refer 1 ,
   .Xr eqn 1
   and other pre-processor sections aren't accomodated.
   .\" PARAGRAPH
   .Pp
   .Nm
   is
   .Ud
   .\" PARAGRAPH
   .Pp
 In general, applications initiate a parsing sequence with  In general, applications initiate a parsing sequence with
 .Fn mdoc_alloc ,  .Fn mdoc_alloc ,
 parse each line in a document with  parse each line in a document with
Line 48  then free all allocated memory with
Line 85  then free all allocated memory with
 See the  See the
 .Sx EXAMPLES  .Sx EXAMPLES
 section for a full example.  section for a full example.
   .\" PARAGRAPH
 .Pp  .Pp
 .\" Function descriptions.  This section further defines the
   .Sx Types ,
   .Sx Functions
   and
   .Sx Variables
   available to programmers.  Following that,
   .Sx Character Encoding
   describes input format.  Lastly,
   .Sx Abstract Syntax Tree ,
   documents the output tree.
   .\" SUBSECTION
   .Ss Types
   Both functions (see
   .Sx Functions )
   and variables (see
   .Sx Variables )
   may use the following types:
   .Bl -ohang -offset "XXXX"
   .\" LIST-ITEM
   .It Vt struct mdoc
   An opaque type defined in
   .Pa mdoc.c .
   Its values are only used privately within the library.
   .\" LIST-ITEM
   .It Vt struct mdoc_cb
   A set of message callbacks defined in
   .Pa mdoc.h .
   .\" LIST-ITEM
   .It Vt struct mdoc_node
   A parsed node.  Defined in
   .Pa mdoc.h .
   See
   .Sx Abstract Syntax Tree
   for details.
   .El
   .\" SUBSECTION
   .Ss Functions
 Function descriptions follow:  Function descriptions follow:
 .Bl -ohang -offset indent  .Bl -ohang -offset "XXXX"
   .\" LIST-ITEM
 .It Fn mdoc_alloc  .It Fn mdoc_alloc
 Allocates a parsing structure.  The  Allocates a parsing structure.  The
 .Fa data  .Fa data
Line 60  pointer is passed to callbacks in
Line 135  pointer is passed to callbacks in
 which are documented further in the header file.  Returns NULL on  which are documented further in the header file.  Returns NULL on
 failure.  If non-NULL, the pointer must be freed with  failure.  If non-NULL, the pointer must be freed with
 .Fn mdoc_free .  .Fn mdoc_free .
   .\" LIST-ITEM
 .It Fn mdoc_free  .It Fn mdoc_free
 Free all resources of a parser.  The pointer is no longer valid after  Free all resources of a parser.  The pointer is no longer valid after
 invocation.  invocation.
   .\" LIST-ITEM
 .It Fn mdoc_parseln  .It Fn mdoc_parseln
 Parse a nil-terminated line of input.  This line should not contain the  Parse a nil-terminated line of input.  This line should not contain the
 trailing newline.  Returns 0 on failure, 1 on success.  The input buffer  trailing newline.  Returns 0 on failure, 1 on success.  The input buffer
 .Fa buf  .Fa buf
 is modified by this function.  is modified by this function.
   .\" LIST-ITEM
 .It Fn mdoc_endparse  .It Fn mdoc_endparse
 Signals that the parse is complete.  Note that if  Signals that the parse is complete.  Note that if
 .Fn mdoc_endparse  .Fn mdoc_endparse
 is called subsequent to  is called subsequent to
 .Fn mdoc_node ,  .Fn mdoc_node ,
 the resulting tree is incomplete.  Returns 0 on failure, 1 on success.  the resulting tree is incomplete.  Returns 0 on failure, 1 on success.
   .\" LIST-ITEM
 .It Fn mdoc_node  .It Fn mdoc_node
 Returns the first node of the parse.  Note that if  Returns the first node of the parse.  Note that if
 .Fn mdoc_parseln  .Fn mdoc_parseln
Line 88  or
Line 167  or
 .Fn mdoc_endparse  .Fn mdoc_endparse
 return 0, the data will be incomplete.  return 0, the data will be incomplete.
 .El  .El
 .Pp  .\" SUBSECTION
 .\" Variable descriptions.  .Ss Variables
 The following variables are also defined:  The following variables are also defined:
 .Bl -ohang -offset indent  .Bl -ohang -offset "XXXX"
   .\" LIST-ITEM
 .It Va mdoc_macronames  .It Va mdoc_macronames
 An array of string-ified token names.  An array of string-ified token names.
   .\" LIST-ITEM
 .It Va mdoc_argnames  .It Va mdoc_argnames
 An array of string-ified token argument names.  An array of string-ified token argument names.
 .El  .El
 .Pp  .\" SUBSECTION
   .Ss Character Encoding
   The
   .Xr mdoc 3
   library accepts only printable ASCII characters as defined by
   .Xr isprint 3 .
   Non-ASCII character sequences are escaped with an escape character
   .Sq \\
   and followed by either an open-parenthesis
   .Sq \&(
   for two-character sequences; an open-bracket
   .Sq \&[
   for n-character sequences (terminated at a close-bracket
   .Sq \&] ) ;
   or one of a small set of single characters for other escapes.
   .\" SUBSECTION
   .Ss Abstract Syntax Tree
   The
 .Nm  .Nm
 is  functions produce an abstract syntax tree (AST) describing the input
 .Ud  lines in a regular form.  It may be reviewed at any time with
 .\"  .Fn mdoc_nodes ;
   however, if called before
   .Fn mdoc_endparse ,
   or after
   .Fn mdoc_endparse
   or
   .Fn mdoc_parseln
   fail, it may be incomplete.
   .\" PARAGRAPH
   .Pp
   The AST is composed of
   .Vt struct mdoc_node
   nodes with block, head, body, element, root and text types as declared
   by the
   .Va type
   field.  Each node also provides its parse point (the
   .Va line ,
   .Va sec ,
   and
   .Va pos
   fields), its position in the tree (the
   .Va parent ,
   .Va child ,
   .Va next
   and
   .Va prev
   fields) and type-specific data (the
   .Va data
   field).
   .\" PARAGRAPH
   .Pp
   The tree itself is arranged according to the following normal form,
   where capitalised non-terminals represent nodes.
   .Pp
   .Bl -tag -width "ELEMENTXX" -compact -offset "XXXX"
   .\" LIST-ITEM
   .It ROOT
   \(<- mnode+
   .It mnode
   \(<- BLOCK | ELEMENT | TEXT
   .It BLOCK
   \(<- (HEAD [TEXT])+ [BODY [TEXT]] [TAIL [TEXT]]
   .It BLOCK
   \(<- BODY [TEXT] [TAIL [TEXT]]
   .It ELEMENT
   \(<- TEXT*
   .It HEAD
   \(<- mnode+
   .It BODY
   \(<- mnode+
   .It TAIL
   \(<- mnode+
   .It TEXT
   \(<- [[:alpha:]]*
   .El
   .\" PARAGRAPH
   .Pp
   Of note are the TEXT nodes following the HEAD, BODY and TAIL nodes of
   the BLOCK production.  These refer to punctuation marks.  Furthermore,
   although a TEXT node will generally have a non-zero-length string, in
   the specific case of
   .Sq \&.Bd \-literal ,
   an empty line will produce a zero-length string.
   .\" PARAGRAPH
   .Pp
   The rule-of-thumb for mapping node types to macros follows. In-line
   elements, such as
   .Sq \&.Em foo ,
   are classified as ELEMENT nodes, which can only contain text.
   Multi-line elements, such as
   .Sq \&.Sh ,
   are BLOCK elements, where the HEAD constitutes line contents and the
   BODY constitutes subsequent lines.  In-line elements with matching
   pairs, such as
   .Sq \&.So
   and
   .Sq \&.Sc ,
   are BLOCK elements with no HEAD tag.  The only exception to this is
   .Sq \&.Eo
   and
   .Sq \&.Ec ,
   which has a HEAD and TAIL node corresponding to the enclosure string.
   TEXT nodes, obviously, constitute text, and the ROOT node is the
   document's root.
   .\" SECTION
 .Sh EXAMPLES  .Sh EXAMPLES
 The following example reads lines from stdin and parses them, operating  The following example reads lines from stdin and parses them, operating
 on the finished parse tree with  on the finished parse tree with
Line 110  Note that, if the last line of the file isn't newline-
Line 292  Note that, if the last line of the file isn't newline-
 will truncate the file's last character (see  will truncate the file's last character (see
 .Xr fgetln 3 ) .  .Xr fgetln 3 ) .
 Further, this example does not error-check nor free memory upon failure.  Further, this example does not error-check nor free memory upon failure.
 .Bd -literal  .Bd -literal -offset "XXXX"
 struct mdoc *mdoc;  struct mdoc *mdoc;
 struct mdoc_node *node;  struct mdoc_node *node;
 char *buf;  char *buf;
Line 135  if (NULL == (node = mdoc_node(mdoc)))
Line 317  if (NULL == (node = mdoc_node(mdoc)))
 parsed(mdoc, node);  parsed(mdoc, node);
 mdoc_free(mdoc);  mdoc_free(mdoc);
 .Ed  .Ed
 .\"  .\" SECTION
 .Sh SEE ALSO  .Sh SEE ALSO
 .Xr mdoc 7 ,  .Xr mdoc 7 ,
 .Xr mdoc.samples 7 ,  .Xr mdoc.samples 7 ,
 .Xr groff 1 ,  .Xr groff 1 ,
 .Xr mdocml 1  .Xr mdocml 1
 .\"  .\" SECTION
 .\"  
 .Sh AUTHORS  .Sh AUTHORS
 The  The
 .Nm  .Nm
 utility was written by  utility was written by
 .An Kristaps Dzonsons Aq kristaps@kth.se .  .An Kristaps Dzonsons Aq kristaps@kth.se .
 .\"  .\" SECTION
 .\"  
 .Sh BUGS  .Sh BUGS
 Bugs, un-implemented macros and incompabilities are documented in this  Bugs, un-implemented macros and incompabilities are documented in this
 section.  The baseline for determining whether macro parsing is  section.  The baseline for determining whether macro parsing is
Line 158  is the default
Line 338  is the default
 .Xr groff 1  .Xr groff 1
 system bundled with  system bundled with
 .Ox .  .Ox .
   .\" PARAGRAPH
 .Pp  .Pp
 Un-implemented: the  Un-implemented: the
 .Sq \&Xc  .Sq \&Xc
Line 167  macros aren't handled when used to span lines for the
Line 348  macros aren't handled when used to span lines for the
 .Sq \&It  .Sq \&It
 macro.  Such usage is specifically discouraged in  macro.  Such usage is specifically discouraged in
 .Xr mdoc.samples 7 .  .Xr mdoc.samples 7 .
   .\" PARAGRAPH
 .Pp  .Pp
 Bugs: when  Bugs: when
 .Sq \&It \-column  .Sq \&It \-column
 is invoked, whitespace is not stripped around  is invoked, whitespace is not stripped around
 .Sq \&Ta  .Sq \&Ta
 or tab-character separators.  or tab-character separators.
   .\" PARAGRAPH
 .Pp  .Pp
   Bugs: elements within columns for
   .Sq \&It \-column
   are not yet supported.
   .\" PARAGRAPH
   .Pp
 Incompatible: the  Incompatible: the
 .Sq \&At  .Sq \&At
 macro only accepts a single parameter.  Furthermore, several macros  macro only accepts a single parameter.  Furthermore, several macros
 .Pf ( Sq \&Pp ,  .Pf ( Sq \&Pp ,
 .Sq \&It ,  .Sq \&It ,
 and possibly others) accept multiple arguments with a warning.  and possibly others) accept multiple arguments with a warning.
   .\" PARAGRAPH
   .Pp
   Incompatible: only those macros specified by
   .Xr mdoc.samples 7
   and
   .Xr mdoc 7
   for
   .Ox
   are supported; support for
   .Nx
   and other
   .Bx
   systems is in progress.
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