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version 1.15, 2015/07/17 22:38:29 version 1.40, 2020/07/20 16:57:30
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 .\" Copyright (c) 1989, 1990, 1993  .\" Copyright (c) 1989, 1990, 1993
 .\"     The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.  .\"     The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
 .\" Copyright (c) 2003, 2007, 2008, 2014 Jason McIntyre <jmc@openbsd.org>  .\" Copyright (c) 2003, 2007, 2008, 2014 Jason McIntyre <jmc@openbsd.org>
 .\" Copyright (c) 2010, 2011, 2014, 2015 Ingo Schwarze <schwarze@openbsd.org>  .\" Copyright (c) 2010, 2011, 2014-2020 Ingo Schwarze <schwarze@openbsd.org>
 .\"  .\"
 .\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without  .\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
 .\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions  .\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
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Line 41 
 .Nm man  .Nm man
 .Op Fl acfhklw  .Op Fl acfhklw
 .Op Fl C Ar file  .Op Fl C Ar file
 .Op Fl I Cm os Ns = Ns Ar name  
 .Op Fl K Ar encoding  
 .Op Fl M Ar path  .Op Fl M Ar path
 .Op Fl m Ar path  .Op Fl m Ar path
 .Op Fl O Ar option Ns = Ns Ar value  
 .Op Fl S Ar subsection  .Op Fl S Ar subsection
 .Op Fl s Ar section  .Op Oo Fl s Oc Ar section
 .Op Fl T Ar output  
 .Op Fl W Ar level  
 .Op Ar section  
 .Ar name ...  .Ar name ...
 .Sh DESCRIPTION  .Sh DESCRIPTION
 The  The
 .Nm  .Nm
 utility  utility
 displays the  displays the
 manual pages entitled  manual page entitled
 .Ar name .  .Ar name .
 Pages may be selected according to  Pages may be selected according to
 a specific category  a specific category
Line 69  machine architecture
Line 63  machine architecture
 The options are as follows:  The options are as follows:
 .Bl -tag -width Ds  .Bl -tag -width Ds
 .It Fl a  .It Fl a
 Display all of the manual pages for a specified  Display all matching manual pages.
 .Ar section  
 and  
 .Ar name  
 combination.  
 Normally, only the first manual page found is displayed.  
 .It Fl C Ar file  .It Fl C Ar file
 Use the specified  Use the specified
 .Ar file  .Ar file
Line 85  See
Line 74  See
 for a description of the contents of this file.  for a description of the contents of this file.
 .It Fl c  .It Fl c
 Copy the manual page to the standard output instead of using  Copy the manual page to the standard output instead of using
 .Xr more 1  .Xr less 1
 to paginate it.  to paginate it.
 This is done by default if the standard output is not a terminal device.  This is done by default if the standard output is not a terminal device.
   .Pp
   When using
   .Fl c ,
   most terminal devices are unable to show the markup.
   To print the output of
   .Nm
   to the terminal with markup but without using a pager, pipe it to
   .Xr ul 1 .
   To remove the markup, pipe the output to
   .Xr col 1
   .Fl b
   instead.
 .It Fl f  .It Fl f
 A synonym for  A synonym for
 .Xr whatis 1 .  .Xr whatis 1 .
Line 95  It searches for
Line 96  It searches for
 .Ar name  .Ar name
 in manual page names and displays the header lines from all matching pages.  in manual page names and displays the header lines from all matching pages.
 The search is case insensitive and matches whole words only.  The search is case insensitive and matches whole words only.
 This overrides any earlier  
 .Fl k  
 and  
 .Fl l  
 options.  
 .It Fl I Cm os Ns = Ns Ar name  
 Override the default operating system  
 .Ar name  
 for the  
 .Xr mdoc 7  
 .Ic \&Os  
 and for the  
 .Xr man 7  
 .Ic \&TH  
 macro.  
 .It Fl h  .It Fl h
 Display only the SYNOPSIS lines of the requested manual pages.  Display only the SYNOPSIS lines of the requested manual pages.
 Implies  Implies
 .Fl a  .Fl a
 and  and
 .Fl c .  .Fl c .
 .It Fl K Ar encoding  
 Specify the input encoding.  
 The supported  
 .Ar encoding  
 arguments are  
 .Cm us-ascii ,  
 .Cm iso-8859-1 ,  
 and  
 .Cm utf-8 .  
 By default, the encoding is automatically detected as described in the  
 .Xr mandoc 1  
 manual.  
 .It Fl k  .It Fl k
 A synonym for  A synonym for
 .Xr apropos 1 .  .Xr apropos 1 .
Line 137  an expression can be provided using the syntax describ
Line 111  an expression can be provided using the syntax describ
 .Xr apropos 1  .Xr apropos 1
 manual.  manual.
 By default, it displays the header lines of all matching pages.  By default, it displays the header lines of all matching pages.
 This overrides any earlier  
 .Fl f  
 and  
 .Fl l  
 options.  
 .It Fl l  .It Fl l
 A synonym for  A synonym for
 .Xr mandoc 1  .Xr mandoc 1 .
 .Fl a .  
 The  The
 .Ar name  .Ar name
 arguments are interpreted as filenames.  arguments are interpreted as filenames.
Line 153  No search is done and
Line 121  No search is done and
 .Ar file ,  .Ar file ,
 .Ar path ,  .Ar path ,
 .Ar section ,  .Ar section ,
   .Ar subsection ,
 and  and
 .Ar subsection  
 are ignored.  
 This overrides any earlier  
 .Fl f ,  
 .Fl k ,  
 and  
 .Fl w  .Fl w
 options.  are ignored.
   This option implies
   .Fl a .
 .It Fl M Ar path  .It Fl M Ar path
 Override the list of standard directories which  Override the list of directories to search for manual pages.
 .Nm  
 searches for manual pages.  
 The supplied  The supplied
 .Ar path  .Ar path
 must be a colon  must be a colon
 .Pq Ql \&:  .Pq Ql \&:
 separated list of directories.  separated list of directories.
 This search path may also be set using the environment variable  This option also overrides the environment variable
 .Ev MANPATH .  .Ev MANPATH
 The subdirectories to be searched, and their search order,  and any directories specified in the
 are specified by the  .Xr man.conf 5
 .Dq _subdir  file.
 line in the  
 .Nm  
 configuration file.  
 .It Fl m Ar path  .It Fl m Ar path
 Augment the list of standard directories which  Augment the list of directories to search for manual pages.
 .Nm  
 searches for manual pages.  
 The supplied  The supplied
 .Ar path  .Ar path
 must be a colon  must be a colon
 .Pq Ql \&:  .Pq Ql \&:
 separated list of directories.  separated list of directories.
 These directories will be searched before the standard directories or  These directories will be searched before those specified using the
 the directories specified using the  
 .Fl M  .Fl M
 option or the  option, the
 .Ev MANPATH  .Ev MANPATH
 environment variable.  environment variable, the
 The subdirectories to be searched, and their search order,  .Xr man.conf 5
 are specified by the  file, or the default directories.
 .Dq _subdir  
 line in the  
 .Nm  
 configuration file.  
 .It Fl O Ar option Ns = Ns Ar value  
 Comma-separated output options.  
 For each output format, the available options are described in the  
 .Xr mandoc 1  
 manual.  
 .It Fl S Ar subsection  .It Fl S Ar subsection
 Restricts the directories that  Only show pages for the specified
 .Nm  
 will search to those of a specific  
 .Xr machine 1  .Xr machine 1
 architecture.  architecture.
 .Ar subsection  .Ar subsection
Line 221  architecture whilst using another.
Line 167  architecture whilst using another.
 This option overrides the  This option overrides the
 .Ev MACHINE  .Ev MACHINE
 environment variable.  environment variable.
 .It Xo  .Tg s
 .Op Fl s  .It Oo Fl s Oc Ar section
 .Ar section  Only select manuals from the specified
 .Xc  .Ar section .
 Restricts the directories that  
 .Nm  
 will search to a specific section.  
 The currently available sections are:  The currently available sections are:
 .Pp  .Pp
 .Bl -tag -width "localXXX" -offset indent -compact  .Bl -tag -width "localXXX" -offset indent -compact
Line 237  General commands
Line 180  General commands
 .It 2  .It 2
 System calls and error numbers.  System calls and error numbers.
 .It 3  .It 3
 Libraries.  Library functions.
 .It 3f  
 Fortran programmer's reference guide.  
 .It 3p  .It 3p
 .Xr perl 1  .Xr perl 1
 programmer's reference guide.  programmer's reference guide.
Line 250  File formats.
Line 191  File formats.
 .It 6  .It 6
 Games.  Games.
 .It 7  .It 7
 Miscellaneous.  Miscellaneous information.
 .It 8  .It 8
 System maintenance and operation commands.  System maintenance and operation commands.
 .It 9  .It 9
 Kernel internals.  Kernel internals.
 .It X11  
 An alias for X11R6.  
 .It X11R6  
 X Window System.  
 .It local  
 Pages located in  
 .Pa /usr/local .  
 .It n  
 Tcl/Tk commands.  
 .El  .El
 .Pp  
 The  
 .Nm  
 configuration file,  
 .Xr man.conf 5 ,  
 specifies the possible  
 .Ar section  
 values, and their search order.  
 Additional sections may be specified.  
 .It Fl T Ar output  
 Select the output format.  
 The default is  
 .Cm locale .  
 The other output modes  
 .Cm ascii ,  
 .Cm html ,  
 .Cm lint ,  
 .Cm man ,  
 .Cm pdf ,  
 .Cm ps ,  
 .Cm tree ,  
 and  
 .Cm utf8  
 are described in the  
 .Xr mandoc 1  
 manual.  
 .It Fl W Ar level  
 Specify the minimum message  
 .Ar level  
 to be reported on the standard error output and to affect the exit status.  
 The  
 .Ar level  
 can be  
 .Cm warning ,  
 .Cm error ,  
 or  
 .Cm unsupp ;  
 .Cm all  
 is an alias for  
 .Cm warning .  
 By default,  
 .Nm  
 is silent.  
 See the  
 .Xr mandoc 1  
 manual for details.  
 .It Fl w  .It Fl w
 List the pathnames of the manual pages which  List the pathnames of all matching manual pages instead of displaying
 .Nm  any of them.
 would display for the specified  If no
 .Ar section  
 and  
 .Ar name  .Ar name
 combination.  is given, list the directories that would be searched.
 .El  .El
 .Pp  .Pp
 Guidelines for writing  The options
 man pages can be found in  .Fl IKOTW
 .Xr mdoc 7 .  are also supported and are documented in
   .Xr mandoc 1 .
   The options
   .Fl fkl
   are mutually exclusive and override each other.
 .Pp  .Pp
   The search starts with the
   .Fl m
   argument if provided, then continues with the
   .Fl M
   argument, the
   .Ev MANPATH
   variable, the
   .Ic manpath
   entries in the
   .Xr man.conf 5
   file, or with
   .Pa /usr/share/man : Ns Pa /usr/X11R6/man : Ns Pa /usr/local/man
   by default.
   Within each of these, directories are searched in the order provided.
   Within each directory, the search proceeds according to the following
   list of sections: 1, 8, 6, 2, 3, 5, 7, 4, 9, 3p.
   The first match found is shown.
   .Pp
   The
   .Xr mandoc.db 5
   database is used for looking up manual page entries.
   In cases where the database is absent, outdated, or corrupt,
   .Nm
   falls back to looking for files called
   .Ar name . Ns Ar section .
 If both a formatted and an unformatted version of the same manual page,  If both a formatted and an unformatted version of the same manual page,
 for example  for example
 .Pa cat1/foo.0  .Pa cat1/foo.0
 and  and
 .Pa man1/foo.1 ,  .Pa man1/foo.1 ,
 exist in the same directory, and at least one of them is selected,  exist in the same directory, only the unformatted version is used.
 only the newer one is used.  The database is kept up to date with
 However, if both the  .Xr makewhatis 8 ,
 .Fl a  which is run by the
 and the  .Xr weekly 8
 .Fl w  maintenance script.
 options are specified, both file names are printed.  .Pp
   Guidelines for writing
   man pages can be found in
   .Xr mdoc 7 .
 .Sh ENVIRONMENT  .Sh ENVIRONMENT
 .Bl -tag -width MANPATHX  .Bl -tag -width MANPATHX
 .It Ev MACHINE  .It Ev MACHINE
Line 358  is case insensitive.
Line 274  is case insensitive.
 .It Ev MANPAGER  .It Ev MANPAGER
 Any non-empty value of the environment variable  Any non-empty value of the environment variable
 .Ev MANPAGER  .Ev MANPAGER
 will be used instead of the standard pagination program,  is used instead of the standard pagination program,
 .Xr more 1 .  .Xr less 1 .
 If  If
 .Xr less 1  .Xr less 1
 is used, the interactive  is used, the interactive
 .Ic :t  .Ic :t
 command can be used to go to the definitions of various terms, for  command can be used to go to the definitions of various terms, for
 example command line options, command modifiers, internal commands,  example command line options, command modifiers, internal commands,
 and environment variables.  environment variables, function names, preprocessor macros,
   .Xr errno 2
   values, and some other emphasized words.
   Some terms may have defining text at more than one place.
   In that case, the
   .Xr less 1
   interactive commands
   .Ic t
   and
   .Ic T
   can be used to move to the next and to the previous place providing
   information about the term last searched for with
   .Ic :t .
   The
   .Fl O Cm tag Ns Op = Ns Ar term
   option documented in the
   .Xr mandoc 1
   manual opens a manual page at the definition of a specific
   .Ar term
   rather than at the beginning.
 .It Ev MANPATH  .It Ev MANPATH
 The standard search path used by  Override the standard search path which is either specified in
 .Nm  .Xr man.conf 5
 may be overridden by specifying a path in the  or the default path.
   The format of
 .Ev MANPATH  .Ev MANPATH
 environment  is a colon
 variable.  
 The format of the path is a colon  
 .Pq Ql \&:  .Pq Ql \&:
 separated list of directories.  separated list of directories.
 The subdirectories to be searched, as well as their search order,  Invalid directories are ignored.
 are specified by the  Overridden by
 .Dq _subdir  .Fl M ,
 line in the  ignored if
 .Nm  .Fl l
 configuration file.  is specified.
   .Pp
   If
   .Ev MANPATH
   begins with a colon, it is appended to the standard path;
   if it ends with a colon, it is prepended to the standard path;
   or if it contains two adjacent colons,
   the standard path is inserted between the colons.
 .It Ev PAGER  .It Ev PAGER
 Specifies the pagination program to use when  Specifies the pagination program to use when
 .Ev MANPAGER  .Ev MANPAGER
 is not defined.  is not defined.
 If neither PAGER nor MANPAGER is defined,  If neither PAGER nor MANPAGER is defined,
 .Xr more 1  .Xr less 1
 .Fl s  is used.
 will be used.  
 .El  .El
 .Sh FILES  .Sh FILES
 .Bl -tag -width /etc/man.conf -compact  .Bl -tag -width /etc/man.conf -compact
 .It Pa /etc/man.conf  .It Pa /etc/man.conf
 default man configuration file  default
   .Nm
   configuration file
 .El  .El
 .Sh EXIT STATUS  .Sh EXIT STATUS
 .Ex -std man  .Ex -std man
   See
   .Xr mandoc 1
   for details.
   .Sh EXAMPLES
   Format a page for pasting extracts into an email message \(em
   avoid printing any UTF-8 characters, reduce the width to ease
   quoting in replies, and remove markup:
   .Pp
   .Dl $ man -T ascii -O width=65 pledge | col -b
   .Pp
   Read a typeset page in a PDF viewer:
   .Pp
   .Dl $ MANPAGER=mupdf man -T pdf lpd
 .Sh SEE ALSO  .Sh SEE ALSO
 .Xr apropos 1 ,  .Xr apropos 1 ,
 .Xr intro 1 ,  .Xr col 1 ,
 .Xr whatis 1 ,  .Xr mandoc 1 ,
   .Xr ul 1 ,
 .Xr whereis 1 ,  .Xr whereis 1 ,
 .Xr intro 2 ,  
 .Xr intro 3 ,  
 .Xr intro 4 ,  
 .Xr intro 5 ,  
 .Xr man.conf 5 ,  .Xr man.conf 5 ,
 .Xr intro 6 ,  .Xr mdoc 7
 .Xr intro 7 ,  
 .Xr mdoc 7 ,  
 .Xr intro 8 ,  
 .Xr intro 9  
 .Sh STANDARDS  .Sh STANDARDS
 The  The
 .Nm  .Nm
Line 433  are extensions to that specification.
Line 381  are extensions to that specification.
 A  A
 .Nm  .Nm
 command first appeared in  command first appeared in
 .At v3 .  .At v2 .
 .Pp  .Pp
 The  The
 .Fl w  .Fl w
Line 461  in
Line 409  in
 .Fl C  .Fl C
 in  in
 .Nx 1.0 ;  .Nx 1.0 ;
 and  
 .Fl s  .Fl s
 and  and
 .Fl S  .Fl S
 in  in
 .Ox 2.3 .  .Ox 2.3 ;
   and
   .Fl I ,
   .Fl K ,
   .Fl l ,
   .Fl O ,
   and
   .Fl W
   in
   .Ox 5.7 .
   The
   .Fl T
   option first appeared in
   .At III
   and was also added in
   .Ox 5.7 .
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  Added in v.1.40
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