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Annotation of mandoc/man.1, Revision 1.17

1.17    ! schwarze    1: .\"    $Id: man.1,v 1.16 2015/09/21 09:59:02 schwarze Exp $
1.1       schwarze    2: .\"
                      3: .\" Copyright (c) 1989, 1990, 1993
                      4: .\"    The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
1.2       schwarze    5: .\" Copyright (c) 2003, 2007, 2008, 2014 Jason McIntyre <jmc@openbsd.org>
1.11      schwarze    6: .\" Copyright (c) 2010, 2011, 2014, 2015 Ingo Schwarze <schwarze@openbsd.org>
1.1       schwarze    7: .\"
                      8: .\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
                      9: .\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
                     10: .\" are met:
                     11: .\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
                     12: .\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
                     13: .\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
                     14: .\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
                     15: .\"    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
                     16: .\" 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
                     17: .\"    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
                     18: .\"    without specific prior written permission.
                     19: .\"
                     20: .\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
                     21: .\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
                     22: .\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
                     23: .\" ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
                     24: .\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
                     25: .\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
                     26: .\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
                     27: .\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
                     28: .\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
                     29: .\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
                     30: .\" SUCH DAMAGE.
                     31: .\"
                     32: .\"     @(#)man.1      8.2 (Berkeley) 1/2/94
                     33: .\"
1.17    ! schwarze   34: .Dd $Mdocdate: September 21 2015 $
1.1       schwarze   35: .Dt MAN 1
                     36: .Os
                     37: .Sh NAME
                     38: .Nm man
                     39: .Nd display manual pages
                     40: .Sh SYNOPSIS
                     41: .Nm man
1.13      schwarze   42: .Op Fl acfhklw
1.1       schwarze   43: .Op Fl C Ar file
1.8       schwarze   44: .Op Fl I Cm os Ns = Ns Ar name
                     45: .Op Fl K Ar encoding
1.1       schwarze   46: .Op Fl M Ar path
                     47: .Op Fl m Ar path
1.8       schwarze   48: .Op Fl O Ar option Ns = Ns Ar value
1.1       schwarze   49: .Op Fl S Ar subsection
                     50: .Op Fl s Ar section
1.8       schwarze   51: .Op Fl T Ar output
                     52: .Op Fl W Ar level
1.1       schwarze   53: .Op Ar section
                     54: .Ar name ...
                     55: .Sh DESCRIPTION
                     56: The
                     57: .Nm
                     58: utility
                     59: displays the
                     60: manual pages entitled
                     61: .Ar name .
                     62: Pages may be selected according to
                     63: a specific category
                     64: .Pq Ar section
                     65: or
                     66: machine architecture
                     67: .Pq Ar subsection .
                     68: .Pp
                     69: The options are as follows:
                     70: .Bl -tag -width Ds
                     71: .It Fl a
                     72: Display all of the manual pages for a specified
                     73: .Ar section
                     74: and
                     75: .Ar name
                     76: combination.
                     77: Normally, only the first manual page found is displayed.
                     78: .It Fl C Ar file
                     79: Use the specified
                     80: .Ar file
                     81: instead of the default configuration file.
                     82: This permits users to configure their own manual environment.
                     83: See
                     84: .Xr man.conf 5
                     85: for a description of the contents of this file.
                     86: .It Fl c
                     87: Copy the manual page to the standard output instead of using
                     88: .Xr more 1
                     89: to paginate it.
                     90: This is done by default if the standard output is not a terminal device.
1.2       schwarze   91: .It Fl f
1.1       schwarze   92: A synonym for
                     93: .Xr whatis 1 .
1.2       schwarze   94: It searches for
                     95: .Ar name
                     96: in manual page names and displays the header lines from all matching pages.
                     97: The search is case insensitive and matches whole words only.
1.4       schwarze   98: This overrides any earlier
                     99: .Fl k
                    100: and
                    101: .Fl l
                    102: options.
1.8       schwarze  103: .It Fl I Cm os Ns = Ns Ar name
                    104: Override the default operating system
                    105: .Ar name
                    106: for the
                    107: .Xr mdoc 7
                    108: .Ic \&Os
1.10      schwarze  109: and for the
                    110: .Xr man 7
                    111: .Ic \&TH
1.8       schwarze  112: macro.
1.1       schwarze  113: .It Fl h
1.5       schwarze  114: Display only the SYNOPSIS lines of the requested manual pages.
                    115: Implies
1.7       schwarze  116: .Fl a
                    117: and
                    118: .Fl c .
1.8       schwarze  119: .It Fl K Ar encoding
                    120: Specify the input encoding.
                    121: The supported
                    122: .Ar encoding
                    123: arguments are
                    124: .Cm us-ascii ,
                    125: .Cm iso-8859-1 ,
                    126: and
                    127: .Cm utf-8 .
                    128: By default, the encoding is automatically detected as described in the
                    129: .Xr mandoc 1
                    130: manual.
1.2       schwarze  131: .It Fl k
1.1       schwarze  132: A synonym for
                    133: .Xr apropos 1 .
1.2       schwarze  134: Instead of
                    135: .Ar name ,
                    136: an expression can be provided using the syntax described in the
                    137: .Xr apropos 1
                    138: manual.
                    139: By default, it displays the header lines of all matching pages.
1.4       schwarze  140: This overrides any earlier
                    141: .Fl f
                    142: and
                    143: .Fl l
                    144: options.
                    145: .It Fl l
                    146: A synonym for
                    147: .Xr mandoc 1
                    148: .Fl a .
                    149: The
                    150: .Ar name
                    151: arguments are interpreted as filenames.
                    152: No search is done and
                    153: .Ar file ,
                    154: .Ar path ,
                    155: .Ar section ,
                    156: and
                    157: .Ar subsection
                    158: are ignored.
                    159: This overrides any earlier
                    160: .Fl f ,
                    161: .Fl k ,
                    162: and
                    163: .Fl w
                    164: options.
1.1       schwarze  165: .It Fl M Ar path
                    166: Override the list of standard directories which
                    167: .Nm
                    168: searches for manual pages.
                    169: The supplied
                    170: .Ar path
                    171: must be a colon
                    172: .Pq Ql \&:
                    173: separated list of directories.
                    174: This search path may also be set using the environment variable
                    175: .Ev MANPATH .
                    176: .It Fl m Ar path
                    177: Augment the list of standard directories which
                    178: .Nm
                    179: searches for manual pages.
                    180: The supplied
                    181: .Ar path
                    182: must be a colon
                    183: .Pq Ql \&:
                    184: separated list of directories.
                    185: These directories will be searched before the standard directories or
                    186: the directories specified using the
                    187: .Fl M
                    188: option or the
                    189: .Ev MANPATH
                    190: environment variable.
1.8       schwarze  191: .It Fl O Ar option Ns = Ns Ar value
                    192: Comma-separated output options.
                    193: For each output format, the available options are described in the
                    194: .Xr mandoc 1
                    195: manual.
1.1       schwarze  196: .It Fl S Ar subsection
                    197: Restricts the directories that
                    198: .Nm
                    199: will search to those of a specific
                    200: .Xr machine 1
                    201: architecture.
                    202: .Ar subsection
                    203: is case insensitive.
                    204: .Pp
                    205: By default manual pages for all architectures are installed.
                    206: Therefore this option can be used to view pages for one
                    207: architecture whilst using another.
                    208: .Pp
                    209: This option overrides the
                    210: .Ev MACHINE
                    211: environment variable.
1.17    ! schwarze  212: .It Oo Fl s Oc Ar section
        !           213: Only select manuals from the specified
        !           214: .Ar section .
1.1       schwarze  215: The currently available sections are:
                    216: .Pp
                    217: .Bl -tag -width "localXXX" -offset indent -compact
                    218: .It 1
                    219: General commands
                    220: .Pq tools and utilities .
                    221: .It 2
                    222: System calls and error numbers.
                    223: .It 3
1.17    ! schwarze  224: Library functions.
1.1       schwarze  225: .It 3p
                    226: .Xr perl 1
                    227: programmer's reference guide.
                    228: .It 4
                    229: Device drivers.
                    230: .It 5
                    231: File formats.
                    232: .It 6
                    233: Games.
                    234: .It 7
1.17    ! schwarze  235: Miscellaneous information.
1.1       schwarze  236: .It 8
                    237: System maintenance and operation commands.
                    238: .It 9
                    239: Kernel internals.
                    240: .El
1.8       schwarze  241: .It Fl T Ar output
                    242: Select the output format.
                    243: The default is
                    244: .Cm locale .
                    245: The other output modes
                    246: .Cm ascii ,
                    247: .Cm html ,
                    248: .Cm lint ,
                    249: .Cm man ,
                    250: .Cm pdf ,
                    251: .Cm ps ,
                    252: .Cm tree ,
                    253: and
                    254: .Cm utf8
                    255: are described in the
                    256: .Xr mandoc 1
                    257: manual.
                    258: .It Fl W Ar level
                    259: Specify the minimum message
                    260: .Ar level
                    261: to be reported on the standard error output and to affect the exit status.
                    262: The
                    263: .Ar level
                    264: can be
1.12      schwarze  265: .Cm warning ,
                    266: .Cm error ,
1.8       schwarze  267: or
1.12      schwarze  268: .Cm unsupp ;
1.8       schwarze  269: .Cm all
                    270: is an alias for
                    271: .Cm warning .
1.11      schwarze  272: By default,
                    273: .Nm
                    274: is silent.
1.8       schwarze  275: See the
                    276: .Xr mandoc 1
                    277: manual for details.
1.1       schwarze  278: .It Fl w
                    279: List the pathnames of the manual pages which
                    280: .Nm
                    281: would display for the specified
                    282: .Ar section
                    283: and
                    284: .Ar name
                    285: combination.
                    286: .El
                    287: .Pp
1.2       schwarze  288: Guidelines for writing
1.1       schwarze  289: man pages can be found in
                    290: .Xr mdoc 7 .
                    291: .Pp
                    292: If both a formatted and an unformatted version of the same manual page,
                    293: for example
                    294: .Pa cat1/foo.0
                    295: and
                    296: .Pa man1/foo.1 ,
                    297: exist in the same directory, and at least one of them is selected,
                    298: only the newer one is used.
                    299: However, if both the
                    300: .Fl a
                    301: and the
                    302: .Fl w
                    303: options are specified, both file names are printed.
                    304: .Sh ENVIRONMENT
                    305: .Bl -tag -width MANPATHX
                    306: .It Ev MACHINE
                    307: As some manual pages are intended only for specific architectures,
                    308: .Nm
                    309: searches any subdirectories,
                    310: with the same name as the current architecture,
                    311: in every directory which it searches.
                    312: Machine specific areas are checked before general areas.
                    313: The current machine type may be overridden by setting the environment
                    314: variable
                    315: .Ev MACHINE
                    316: to the name of a specific architecture,
                    317: or with the
                    318: .Fl S
                    319: option.
                    320: .Ev MACHINE
                    321: is case insensitive.
                    322: .It Ev MANPAGER
                    323: Any non-empty value of the environment variable
                    324: .Ev MANPAGER
                    325: will be used instead of the standard pagination program,
                    326: .Xr more 1 .
1.15      schwarze  327: If
                    328: .Xr less 1
                    329: is used, the interactive
                    330: .Ic :t
                    331: command can be used to go to the definitions of various terms, for
                    332: example command line options, command modifiers, internal commands,
                    333: and environment variables.
1.1       schwarze  334: .It Ev MANPATH
                    335: The standard search path used by
                    336: .Nm
                    337: may be overridden by specifying a path in the
                    338: .Ev MANPATH
                    339: environment
                    340: variable.
                    341: The format of the path is a colon
                    342: .Pq Ql \&:
                    343: separated list of directories.
                    344: .It Ev PAGER
                    345: Specifies the pagination program to use when
                    346: .Ev MANPAGER
                    347: is not defined.
                    348: If neither PAGER nor MANPAGER is defined,
1.14      schwarze  349: .Xr more 1
                    350: .Fl s
1.1       schwarze  351: will be used.
                    352: .El
                    353: .Sh FILES
                    354: .Bl -tag -width /etc/man.conf -compact
                    355: .It Pa /etc/man.conf
                    356: default man configuration file
                    357: .El
                    358: .Sh EXIT STATUS
                    359: .Ex -std man
                    360: .Sh SEE ALSO
                    361: .Xr apropos 1 ,
                    362: .Xr intro 1 ,
                    363: .Xr whatis 1 ,
                    364: .Xr whereis 1 ,
                    365: .Xr intro 2 ,
                    366: .Xr intro 3 ,
                    367: .Xr intro 4 ,
                    368: .Xr intro 5 ,
                    369: .Xr man.conf 5 ,
                    370: .Xr intro 6 ,
                    371: .Xr intro 7 ,
                    372: .Xr mdoc 7 ,
                    373: .Xr intro 8 ,
                    374: .Xr intro 9
                    375: .Sh STANDARDS
                    376: The
                    377: .Nm
                    378: utility is compliant with the
                    379: .St -p1003.1-2008
                    380: specification.
                    381: .Pp
                    382: The flags
1.13      schwarze  383: .Op Fl aCcfhIKlMmOSsTWw ,
1.1       schwarze  384: as well as the environment variables
                    385: .Ev MACHINE ,
                    386: .Ev MANPAGER ,
                    387: and
                    388: .Ev MANPATH ,
                    389: are extensions to that specification.
                    390: .Sh HISTORY
                    391: A
                    392: .Nm
                    393: command first appeared in
                    394: .At v3 .
                    395: .Pp
                    396: The
                    397: .Fl w
                    398: option first appeared in
                    399: .At v7 ;
                    400: .Fl f
                    401: and
                    402: .Fl k
                    403: in
                    404: .Bx 4 ;
                    405: .Fl M
                    406: in
                    407: .Bx 4.3 ;
                    408: .Fl a
                    409: in
                    410: .Bx 4.3 Tahoe ;
                    411: .Fl c
                    412: and
                    413: .Fl m
                    414: in
                    415: .Bx 4.3 Reno ;
                    416: .Fl h
                    417: in
                    418: .Bx 4.3 Net/2 ;
                    419: .Fl C
                    420: in
                    421: .Nx 1.0 ;
                    422: and
                    423: .Fl s
                    424: and
                    425: .Fl S
                    426: in
                    427: .Ox 2.3 .

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