version 1.119, 2013/07/13 19:41:16 |
version 1.131, 2015/01/24 02:41:49 |
|
|
.\" $Id$ |
.\" $Id$ |
.\" |
.\" |
.\" Copyright (c) 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012 Kristaps Dzonsons <kristaps@bsd.lv> |
.\" Copyright (c) 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012 Kristaps Dzonsons <kristaps@bsd.lv> |
.\" Copyright (c) 2011, 2012 Ingo Schwarze <schwarze@openbsd.org> |
.\" Copyright (c) 2011-2015 Ingo Schwarze <schwarze@openbsd.org> |
|
.\" Copyright (c) 2010 Joerg Sonnenberger <joerg@netbsd.org> |
.\" |
.\" |
.\" Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any |
.\" Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any |
.\" purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above |
.\" purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above |
Line 97 file for a utility |
|
Line 98 file for a utility |
|
.Bd -literal -offset indent |
.Bd -literal -offset indent |
\&.TH PROGNAME 1 2009-10-10 |
\&.TH PROGNAME 1 2009-10-10 |
\&.SH NAME |
\&.SH NAME |
\efBprogname\efR \e(en a description goes here |
\efBprogname\efR \e(en one line about what it does |
\&.\e\(dq .SH LIBRARY |
\&.\e\(dq .SH LIBRARY |
\&.\e\(dq For sections 2 & 3 only. |
\&.\e\(dq For sections 2, 3, and 9 only. |
\&.\e\(dq Not used in OpenBSD. |
\&.\e\(dq Not used in OpenBSD. |
\&.SH SYNOPSIS |
\&.SH SYNOPSIS |
\efBprogname\efR [\efB\e-options\efR] arguments... |
\efBprogname\efR [\efB\e-options\efR] \efIfile ...\efR |
\&.SH DESCRIPTION |
\&.SH DESCRIPTION |
The \efBfoo\efR utility processes files... |
The \efBfoo\efR utility processes files ... |
|
\&.\e\(dq .Sh CONTEXT |
|
\&.\e\(dq For section 9 functions only. |
\&.\e\(dq .SH IMPLEMENTATION NOTES |
\&.\e\(dq .SH IMPLEMENTATION NOTES |
\&.\e\(dq Not used in OpenBSD. |
\&.\e\(dq Not used in OpenBSD. |
\&.\e\(dq .SH RETURN VALUES |
\&.\e\(dq .SH RETURN VALUES |
\&.\e\(dq For sections 2, 3, & 9 only. |
\&.\e\(dq For sections 2, 3, and 9 function return values only. |
\&.\e\(dq .SH ENVIRONMENT |
\&.\e\(dq .SH ENVIRONMENT |
\&.\e\(dq For sections 1, 6, 7, & 8 only. |
\&.\e\(dq For sections 1, 6, 7, and 8 only. |
\&.\e\(dq .SH FILES |
\&.\e\(dq .SH FILES |
\&.\e\(dq .SH EXIT STATUS |
\&.\e\(dq .SH EXIT STATUS |
\&.\e\(dq For sections 1, 6, & 8 only. |
\&.\e\(dq For sections 1, 6, and 8 only. |
\&.\e\(dq .SH EXAMPLES |
\&.\e\(dq .SH EXAMPLES |
\&.\e\(dq .SH DIAGNOSTICS |
\&.\e\(dq .SH DIAGNOSTICS |
\&.\e\(dq For sections 1, 4, 6, 7, & 8 only. |
\&.\e\(dq For sections 1, 4, 6, 7, 8, and 9 printf/stderr messages only. |
\&.\e\(dq .SH ERRORS |
\&.\e\(dq .SH ERRORS |
\&.\e\(dq For sections 2, 3, & 9 only. |
\&.\e\(dq For sections 2, 3, 4, and 9 errno settings only. |
\&.\e\(dq .SH SEE ALSO |
\&.\e\(dq .SH SEE ALSO |
\&.\e\(dq .BR foo ( 1 ) |
\&.\e\(dq .BR foobar ( 1 ) |
\&.\e\(dq .SH STANDARDS |
\&.\e\(dq .SH STANDARDS |
\&.\e\(dq .SH HISTORY |
\&.\e\(dq .SH HISTORY |
\&.\e\(dq .SH AUTHORS |
\&.\e\(dq .SH AUTHORS |
Line 170 This expands upon the brief, one-line description in |
|
Line 173 This expands upon the brief, one-line description in |
|
.Em NAME . |
.Em NAME . |
It usually contains a break-down of the options (if documenting a |
It usually contains a break-down of the options (if documenting a |
command). |
command). |
|
.It Em CONTEXT |
|
This section lists the contexts in which functions can be called in section 9. |
|
The contexts are autoconf, process, or interrupt. |
.It Em IMPLEMENTATION NOTES |
.It Em IMPLEMENTATION NOTES |
Implementation-specific notes should be kept here. |
Implementation-specific notes should be kept here. |
This is useful when implementing standard functions that may have side |
This is useful when implementing standard functions that may have side |
Line 196 well-tested invocations. |
|
Line 202 well-tested invocations. |
|
Make sure that examples work properly! |
Make sure that examples work properly! |
.It Em DIAGNOSTICS |
.It Em DIAGNOSTICS |
Documents error conditions. |
Documents error conditions. |
This is most useful in section 4 manuals. |
In section 4 and 9 manuals, these are usually messages |
|
printed by the kernel to the console and to the kernel log. |
|
In section 1, 6, 7, and 8, these are usually messages |
|
printed by userland programs to the standard error output. |
|
.Pp |
Historically, this section was used in place of |
Historically, this section was used in place of |
.Em EXIT STATUS |
.Em EXIT STATUS |
for manuals in sections 1, 6, and 8; however, this practise is |
for manuals in sections 1, 6, and 8; however, this practise is |
discouraged. |
discouraged. |
.It Em ERRORS |
.It Em ERRORS |
Documents error handling in sections 2, 3, and 9. |
Documents |
|
.Xr errno 2 |
|
settings in sections 2, 3, 4, and 9. |
.It Em SEE ALSO |
.It Em SEE ALSO |
References other manuals with related topics. |
References other manuals with related topics. |
This section should exist for most manuals. |
This section should exist for most manuals. |
Line 280 For the scoping of individual macros, see |
|
Line 292 For the scoping of individual macros, see |
|
.Sx MACRO SYNTAX . |
.Sx MACRO SYNTAX . |
.Ss \&AT |
.Ss \&AT |
Sets the volume for the footer for compatibility with man pages from |
Sets the volume for the footer for compatibility with man pages from |
.Tn AT&T UNIX |
.At |
releases. |
releases. |
The optional arguments specify which release it is from. |
The optional arguments specify which release it is from. |
.Ss \&B |
.Ss \&B |
Line 357 Begin a paragraph whose initial output line is left-ju |
|
Line 369 Begin a paragraph whose initial output line is left-ju |
|
subsequent output lines are indented, with the following syntax: |
subsequent output lines are indented, with the following syntax: |
.Bd -filled -offset indent |
.Bd -filled -offset indent |
.Pf \. Sx \&HP |
.Pf \. Sx \&HP |
.Op Cm width |
.Op Ar width |
.Ed |
.Ed |
.Pp |
.Pp |
The |
The |
.Cm width |
.Ar width |
argument is a |
argument is a |
.Xr roff 7 |
.Xr roff 7 |
scaling width. |
scaling width. |
|
|
Begin an indented paragraph with the following syntax: |
Begin an indented paragraph with the following syntax: |
.Bd -filled -offset indent |
.Bd -filled -offset indent |
.Pf \. Sx \&IP |
.Pf \. Sx \&IP |
.Op Cm head Op Cm width |
.Op Ar head Op Ar width |
.Ed |
.Ed |
.Pp |
.Pp |
The |
The |
.Cm width |
.Ar width |
argument is a |
argument is a |
.Xr roff 7 |
.Xr roff 7 |
scaling width defining the left margin. |
scaling width defining the left margin. |
Line 413 It's saved for later paragraph left-margins; if unspec |
|
Line 425 It's saved for later paragraph left-margins; if unspec |
|
default width is used. |
default width is used. |
.Pp |
.Pp |
The |
The |
.Cm head |
.Ar head |
argument is used as a leading term, flushed to the left margin. |
argument is used as a leading term, flushed to the left margin. |
This is useful for bulleted paragraphs and so on. |
This is useful for bulleted paragraphs and so on. |
.Pp |
.Pp |
Line 458 This is a non-standard GNU extension, included only fo |
|
Line 470 This is a non-standard GNU extension, included only fo |
|
It has the following syntax: |
It has the following syntax: |
.Bd -filled -offset indent |
.Bd -filled -offset indent |
.Pf \. Sx \&OP |
.Pf \. Sx \&OP |
.Cm key Op Cm value |
.Ar key Op Ar value |
.Ed |
.Ed |
.Pp |
.Pp |
The |
The |
.Cm key |
.Ar key |
is usually a command-line flag and |
is usually a command-line flag and |
.Cm value |
.Ar value |
its argument. |
its argument. |
.Ss \&P |
.Ss \&P |
Synonym for |
Synonym for |
Line 483 Specify the vertical space to be inserted before each |
|
Line 495 Specify the vertical space to be inserted before each |
|
The syntax is as follows: |
The syntax is as follows: |
.Bd -filled -offset indent |
.Bd -filled -offset indent |
.Pf \. Sx \&PD |
.Pf \. Sx \&PD |
.Op Cm height |
.Op Ar height |
.Ed |
.Ed |
.Pp |
.Pp |
The |
The |
.Cm height |
.Ar height |
argument is a |
argument is a |
.Xr roff 7 |
.Xr roff 7 |
scaling width. |
scaling width. |
|
|
.Ss \&RE |
.Ss \&RE |
Explicitly close out the scope of a prior |
Explicitly close out the scope of a prior |
.Sx \&RS . |
.Sx \&RS . |
The default left margin is restored to the state of the original |
The default left margin is restored to the state before that |
.Sx \&RS |
.Sx \&RS |
invocation. |
invocation. |
|
.Pp |
|
The syntax is as follows: |
|
.Bd -filled -offset indent |
|
.Pf \. Sx \&RE |
|
.Op Ar level |
|
.Ed |
|
.Pp |
|
Without an argument, the most recent |
|
.Sx \&RS |
|
block is closed out. |
|
If |
|
.Ar level |
|
is 1, all open |
|
.Sx \&RS |
|
blocks are closed out. |
|
Otherwise, |
|
.Ar level No \(mi 1 |
|
nested |
|
.Sx \&RS |
|
blocks remain open. |
.Ss \&RI |
.Ss \&RI |
Text is rendered alternately in roman (the default font) and italics. |
Text is rendered alternately in roman (the default font) and italics. |
Whitespace between arguments is omitted in output. |
Whitespace between arguments is omitted in output. |
Line 566 Temporarily reset the default left margin. |
|
Line 598 Temporarily reset the default left margin. |
|
This has the following syntax: |
This has the following syntax: |
.Bd -filled -offset indent |
.Bd -filled -offset indent |
.Pf \. Sx \&RS |
.Pf \. Sx \&RS |
.Op Cm width |
.Op Ar width |
.Ed |
.Ed |
.Pp |
.Pp |
The |
The |
.Cm width |
.Ar width |
argument is a |
argument is a |
.Xr roff 7 |
.Xr roff 7 |
scaling width. |
scaling width. |
Line 595 The scope of a sub-section is closed by a subsequent s |
|
Line 627 The scope of a sub-section is closed by a subsequent s |
|
section, or end of file. |
section, or end of file. |
The paragraph left-margin width is reset to the default. |
The paragraph left-margin width is reset to the default. |
.Ss \&TH |
.Ss \&TH |
Sets the title of the manual page with the following syntax: |
Sets the title of the manual page for use in the page header |
|
and footer with the following syntax: |
.Bd -filled -offset indent |
.Bd -filled -offset indent |
.Pf \. Sx \&TH |
.Pf \. Sx \&TH |
.Ar title section date |
.Ar title section date |
Line 617 is empty or not specified, the current date is used. |
|
Line 650 is empty or not specified, the current date is used. |
|
The optional |
The optional |
.Ar source |
.Ar source |
string specifies the organisation providing the utility. |
string specifies the organisation providing the utility. |
|
When unspecified, |
|
.Xr mandoc 1 |
|
uses its |
|
.Fl Ios |
|
argument. |
The |
The |
.Ar volume |
.Ar volume |
string replaces the default rendered volume, which is dictated by the |
string replaces the default rendered volume, which is dictated by the |
Line 633 Subsequent output lines are indented. |
|
Line 671 Subsequent output lines are indented. |
|
The syntax is as follows: |
The syntax is as follows: |
.Bd -filled -offset indent |
.Bd -filled -offset indent |
.Pf \. Sx \&TP |
.Pf \. Sx \&TP |
.Op Cm width |
.Op Ar width |
.Ed |
.Ed |
.Pp |
.Pp |
The |
The |
.Cm width |
.Ar width |
argument is a |
argument is a |
.Xr roff 7 |
.Xr roff 7 |
scaling width. |
scaling width. |
|
|
.Sx \&PP . |
.Sx \&PP . |
.Ss \&UC |
.Ss \&UC |
Sets the volume for the footer for compatibility with man pages from |
Sets the volume for the footer for compatibility with man pages from |
BSD releases. |
.Bx |
|
releases. |
The optional first argument specifies which release it is from. |
The optional first argument specifies which release it is from. |
|
.Ss \&UE |
|
End a uniform resource identifier block. |
|
This is a non-standard GNU extension, included only for compatibility. |
|
See |
|
.Sx \&UE . |
|
.Ss \&UR |
|
Begin a uniform resource identifier block. |
|
This is a non-standard GNU extension, included only for compatibility. |
|
It has the following syntax: |
|
.Bd -literal -offset indent |
|
.Pf \. Sx \&UR Ar uri |
|
link description to be shown |
|
.Pf \. Sx UE |
|
.Ed |
.Ss \&br |
.Ss \&br |
Breaks the current line. |
Breaks the current line. |
Consecutive invocations have no further effect. |
Consecutive invocations have no further effect. |
|
|
.Ss \&fi |
.Ss \&fi |
End literal mode begun by |
End literal mode begun by |
.Sx \&nf . |
.Sx \&nf . |
.Ss \&ft |
|
Change the current font mode. |
|
See |
|
.Sx Text Decoration |
|
for a listing of available font modes. |
|
.Ss \&in |
.Ss \&in |
Indent relative to the current indentation: |
Indent relative to the current indentation: |
.Pp |
.Pp |
.D1 Pf \. Sx \&in Op Cm width |
.D1 Pf \. Sx \&in Op Ar width |
.Pp |
.Pp |
If |
If |
.Cm width |
.Ar width |
is signed, the new offset is relative. |
is signed, the new offset is relative. |
Otherwise, it is absolute. |
Otherwise, it is absolute. |
This value is reset upon the next paragraph, section, or sub-section. |
This value is reset upon the next paragraph, section, or sub-section. |
.Ss \&na |
|
Don't align to the right margin. |
|
.Ss \&nf |
.Ss \&nf |
Begin literal mode: all subsequent free-form lines have their end of |
Begin literal mode: all subsequent free-form lines have their end of |
line boundaries preserved. |
line boundaries preserved. |
|
|
Insert vertical spaces into output with the following syntax: |
Insert vertical spaces into output with the following syntax: |
.Bd -filled -offset indent |
.Bd -filled -offset indent |
.Pf \. Sx \&sp |
.Pf \. Sx \&sp |
.Op Cm height |
.Op Ar height |
.Ed |
.Ed |
.Pp |
.Pp |
The |
The |
.Cm height |
.Ar height |
argument is a scaling width as described in |
argument is a scaling width as described in |
.Xr roff 7 . |
.Xr roff 7 . |
If 0, this is equivalent to the |
If 0, this is equivalent to the |
Line 732 is equivalent to |
|
Line 778 is equivalent to |
|
If next-line macros are invoked consecutively, only the last is used. |
If next-line macros are invoked consecutively, only the last is used. |
If a next-line macro is followed by a non-next-line macro, an error is |
If a next-line macro is followed by a non-next-line macro, an error is |
raised, except for |
raised, except for |
.Sx \&br , |
.Sx \&br |
.Sx \&sp , |
|
and |
and |
.Sx \&na . |
.Sx \&sp . |
.Pp |
.Pp |
The syntax is as follows: |
The syntax is as follows: |
.Bd -literal -offset indent |
.Bd -literal -offset indent |
Line 749 The syntax is as follows: |
|
Line 794 The syntax is as follows: |
|
.It Sx \&BI Ta n Ta current Ta \& |
.It Sx \&BI Ta n Ta current Ta \& |
.It Sx \&BR Ta n Ta current Ta \& |
.It Sx \&BR Ta n Ta current Ta \& |
.It Sx \&DT Ta 0 Ta current Ta \& |
.It Sx \&DT Ta 0 Ta current Ta \& |
|
.It Sx \&EE Ta 0 Ta current Ta compat |
|
.It Sx \&EX Ta 0 Ta current Ta compat |
.It Sx \&I Ta n Ta next-line Ta \& |
.It Sx \&I Ta n Ta next-line Ta \& |
.It Sx \&IB Ta n Ta current Ta \& |
.It Sx \&IB Ta n Ta current Ta \& |
.It Sx \&IR Ta n Ta current Ta \& |
.It Sx \&IR Ta n Ta current Ta \& |
.It Sx \&OP Ta 0, 1 Ta current Ta compat |
.It Sx \&OP Ta 0, 1 Ta current Ta compat |
|
.It Sx \&PD Ta 1 Ta current Ta \& |
.It Sx \&R Ta n Ta next-line Ta \& |
.It Sx \&R Ta n Ta next-line Ta \& |
.It Sx \&RB Ta n Ta current Ta \& |
.It Sx \&RB Ta n Ta current Ta \& |
.It Sx \&RI Ta n Ta current Ta \& |
.It Sx \&RI Ta n Ta current Ta \& |
Line 762 The syntax is as follows: |
|
Line 810 The syntax is as follows: |
|
.It Sx \&UC Ta <=1 Ta current Ta \& |
.It Sx \&UC Ta <=1 Ta current Ta \& |
.It Sx \&br Ta 0 Ta current Ta compat |
.It Sx \&br Ta 0 Ta current Ta compat |
.It Sx \&fi Ta 0 Ta current Ta compat |
.It Sx \&fi Ta 0 Ta current Ta compat |
.It Sx \&ft Ta 1 Ta current Ta compat |
|
.It Sx \&in Ta 1 Ta current Ta compat |
.It Sx \&in Ta 1 Ta current Ta compat |
.It Sx \&na Ta 0 Ta current Ta compat |
|
.It Sx \&nf Ta 0 Ta current Ta compat |
.It Sx \&nf Ta 0 Ta current Ta compat |
.It Sx \&sp Ta 1 Ta current Ta compat |
.It Sx \&sp Ta 1 Ta current Ta compat |
.El |
.El |
Line 822 implicitly closed, is syntactically incorrect. |
|
Line 868 implicitly closed, is syntactically incorrect. |
|
.It Sx \&SH Ta >0 Ta next-line Ta section Ta \& |
.It Sx \&SH Ta >0 Ta next-line Ta section Ta \& |
.It Sx \&SS Ta >0 Ta next-line Ta sub-section Ta \& |
.It Sx \&SS Ta >0 Ta next-line Ta sub-section Ta \& |
.It Sx \&TP Ta n Ta next-line Ta paragraph Ta \& |
.It Sx \&TP Ta n Ta next-line Ta paragraph Ta \& |
|
.It Sx \&UE Ta 0 Ta current Ta none Ta compat |
|
.It Sx \&UR Ta 1 Ta current Ta part Ta compat |
.El |
.El |
.Pp |
.Pp |
Macros marked |
Macros marked |
Line 847 Note that macros like |
|
Line 895 Note that macros like |
|
.Sx \&BR |
.Sx \&BR |
open and close a font scope for each argument. |
open and close a font scope for each argument. |
.Sh COMPATIBILITY |
.Sh COMPATIBILITY |
This section documents areas of questionable portability between |
This section mentions some areas of questionable portability between |
implementations of the |
implementations of the |
.Nm |
.Nm |
language. |
language. |
|
More incompatibilities exist. |
.Pp |
.Pp |
.Bl -dash -compact |
.Bl -dash -compact |
.It |
.It |
Line 862 to close out a literal context opened with |
|
Line 911 to close out a literal context opened with |
|
.Sx \&nf . |
.Sx \&nf . |
This behaviour may not be portable. |
This behaviour may not be portable. |
.It |
.It |
In quoted literals, GNU troff allowed pair-wise double-quotes to produce |
|
a standalone double-quote in formatted output. |
|
It is not known whether this behaviour is exhibited by other formatters. |
|
.It |
|
troff suppresses a newline before |
troff suppresses a newline before |
.Sq \(aq |
.Sq \(aq |
macro output; in mandoc, it is an alias for the standard |
macro output; in mandoc, it is an alias for the standard |
.Sq \&. |
.Sq \&. |
control character. |
control character. |
.It |
.It |
The |
|
.Sq \eh |
|
.Pq horizontal position , |
|
.Sq \ev |
|
.Pq vertical position , |
|
.Sq \em |
|
.Pq text colour , |
|
.Sq \eM |
|
.Pq text filling colour , |
|
.Sq \ez |
|
.Pq zero-length character , |
|
.Sq \ew |
|
.Pq string length , |
|
.Sq \ek |
|
.Pq horizontal position marker , |
|
.Sq \eo |
|
.Pq text overstrike , |
|
and |
|
.Sq \es |
|
.Pq text size |
|
escape sequences are all discarded in mandoc. |
|
.It |
|
The |
|
.Sq \ef |
|
scaling unit is accepted by mandoc, but rendered as the default unit. |
|
.It |
|
The |
|
.Sx \&sp |
|
macro does not accept negative values in mandoc. |
|
In GNU troff, this would result in strange behaviour. |
|
.It |
|
In page header lines, GNU troff versions up to and including 1.21 |
In page header lines, GNU troff versions up to and including 1.21 |
only print |
only print |
.Ar volume |
.Ar volume |
Line 918 is given, like in |
|
Line 932 is given, like in |
|
.El |
.El |
.Pp |
.Pp |
The |
The |
.Sx OP |
.Sx EE , |
macro is part of the extended |
.Sx EX , |
|
.Sx OP , |
|
.Sx UE , |
|
and |
|
.Sx UR |
|
macros are part of the GNU extended |
.Nm |
.Nm |
macro set, and may not be portable to non-GNU troff implementations. |
macro set, and may not be portable to non-GNU troff implementations. |
.Sh SEE ALSO |
.Sh SEE ALSO |