version 1.41, 2009/10/26 10:36:46 |
version 1.44, 2009/11/02 09:53:15 |
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whether in a macro or free-form text line, is ignored to the end of |
whether in a macro or free-form text line, is ignored to the end of |
line. A macro line with only a control character and comment escape, |
line. A macro line with only a control character and comment escape, |
.Sq \&.\e" , |
.Sq \&.\e" , |
is also ignored. Macro lines with only a control charater and |
is also ignored. Macro lines with only a control character and |
optionally whitespace are stripped from input. |
optionally whitespace are stripped from input. |
. |
. |
. |
. |
Line 119 from input. These are later re-added, if applicable, |
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Line 119 from input. These are later re-added, if applicable, |
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utility such as |
utility such as |
.Xr mandoc 1 . |
.Xr mandoc 1 . |
. |
. |
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. |
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.Ss Dates |
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The |
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.Sx \&TH |
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macro is the only |
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.Nm |
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macro that requires a date. The form for this date is the ISO-8601 |
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standard |
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.Cm YYYY-MM-DD . |
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. |
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. |
.Ss Scaling Widths |
.Ss Scaling Widths |
Many macros support scaled widths for their arguments, such as |
Many macros support scaled widths for their arguments, such as |
stipulating a two-inch paragraph indentation with the following: |
stipulating a two-inch paragraph indentation with the following: |
Line 170 Using anything other than |
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Line 181 Using anything other than |
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.Sq u , |
.Sq u , |
or |
or |
.Sq v |
.Sq v |
is necessarily non-portable across output media. See |
is necessarily non-portable across output media. |
.Sx COMPATIBILITY . |
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. |
. |
.Pp |
.Pp |
If a scaling unit is not provided, the numerical value is interpreted |
If a scaling unit is not provided, the numerical value is interpreted |
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at least one macro or text node must appear in the document. Documents |
at least one macro or text node must appear in the document. Documents |
are generally structured as follows: |
are generally structured as follows: |
.Bd -literal -offset indent |
.Bd -literal -offset indent |
\&.TH FOO 1 "13 Aug 2009" |
\&.TH FOO 1 2009-10-10 |
\&. |
\&. |
\&.SH NAME |
\&.SH NAME |
\efBfoo\efR \e(en a description goes here |
\efBfoo\efR \e(en a description goes here |
Line 229 The \efBfoo\efR utility processes files... |
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Line 239 The \efBfoo\efR utility processes files... |
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\&.\e\*q The next is for sections 2, 3, & 9 only. |
\&.\e\*q The next is for sections 2, 3, & 9 only. |
\&.\e\*q .SH ERRORS |
\&.\e\*q .SH ERRORS |
\&.\e\*q .SH SEE ALSO |
\&.\e\*q .SH SEE ALSO |
\&.\e\*q \efBbar\efR(1) |
\&.\e\*q .BR foo ( 1 ) |
\&.\e\*q .SH STANDARDS |
\&.\e\*q .SH STANDARDS |
\&.\e\*q .SH HISTORY |
\&.\e\*q .SH HISTORY |
\&.\e\*q .SH AUTHORS |
\&.\e\*q .SH AUTHORS |
Line 242 The sections in a |
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Line 252 The sections in a |
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.Nm |
.Nm |
document are conventionally ordered as they appear above. Sections |
document are conventionally ordered as they appear above. Sections |
should be composed as follows: |
should be composed as follows: |
.Bl -tag -width Ds -offset Ds |
.Bl -ohang -offset indent |
.It NAME |
.It Em NAME |
The name(s) and a short description of the documented material. The |
The name(s) and a short description of the documented material. The |
syntax for this is generally as follows: |
syntax for this is generally as follows: |
.Pp |
.Pp |
.D1 \efBname\efR \e(en description |
.D1 \efBname\efR \e(en description |
.It LIBRARY |
.It Em LIBRARY |
The name of the library containing the documented material, which is |
The name of the library containing the documented material, which is |
assumed to be a function in a section 2 or 3 manual. For functions in |
assumed to be a function in a section 2 or 3 manual. For functions in |
the C library, this may be as follows: |
the C library, this may be as follows: |
.Pp |
.Pp |
.D1 Standard C Library (libc, -lc) |
.D1 Standard C Library (libc, -lc) |
.It SYNOPSIS |
.It Em SYNOPSIS |
Documents the utility invocation syntax, function call syntax, or device |
Documents the utility invocation syntax, function call syntax, or device |
configuration. |
configuration. |
.Pp |
.Pp |
Line 265 generally structured as follows: |
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Line 275 generally structured as follows: |
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.Pp |
.Pp |
For the second, function calls (sections 2, 3, 9): |
For the second, function calls (sections 2, 3, 9): |
.Pp |
.Pp |
.D1 \. Ns Sx \&B No char *name(char *\efIarg\efR); |
.D1 \&.B char *name(char *\efIarg\efR); |
.Pp |
.Pp |
And for the third, configurations (section 4): |
And for the third, configurations (section 4): |
.Pp |
.Pp |
.D1 \. Ns Sx \&B No name* at cardbus ? function ? |
.D1 \&.B name* at cardbus ? function ? |
.Pp |
.Pp |
Manuals not in these sections generally don't need a SYNOPSIS. |
Manuals not in these sections generally don't need a |
.It DESCRIPTION |
.Em SYNOPSIS . |
This expands upon the brief, one-line description in NAME. It usually |
.It Em DESCRIPTION |
contains a break-down of the options (if documenting a command). |
This expands upon the brief, one-line description in |
.It IMPLEMENTATION NOTES |
.Em NAME . |
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It usually contains a break-down of the options (if documenting a |
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command). |
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.It Em IMPLEMENTATION NOTES |
Implementation-specific notes should be kept here. This is useful when |
Implementation-specific notes should be kept here. This is useful when |
implementing standard functions that may have side effects or notable |
implementing standard functions that may have side effects or notable |
algorithmic implications. |
algorithmic implications. |
.It EXIT STATUS |
.It Em EXIT STATUS |
.It RETURN VALUES |
Command exit status for section 1, 6, and 8 manuals. This section is |
.It ENVIRONMENT |
the dual of |
.It FILES |
.Em RETURN VALUES , |
.It EXAMPLES |
which is used for functions. Historically, this information was |
.It DIAGNOSTICS |
described in |
.It ERRORS |
.Em DIAGNOSTICS , |
.It SEE ALSO |
a practise that is now discouraged. |
.It STANDARDS |
. |
.It HISTORY |
.It Em RETURN VALUES |
.It AUTHORS |
This section is the dual of |
.It CAVEATS |
.Em EXIT STATUS , |
.It BUGS |
which is used for commands. It documents the return values of functions |
.It SECURITY CONSIDERATIONS |
in sections 2, 3, and 9. |
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. |
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.It Em ENVIRONMENT |
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Documents any usages of environment variables, e.g., |
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.Xr environ 7 . |
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. |
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.It Em FILES |
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Documents files used. It's helpful to document both the file and a |
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short description of how the file is used (created, modified, etc.). |
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. |
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.It Em EXAMPLES |
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Example usages. This often contains snippets of well-formed, |
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well-tested invocations. Make doubly sure that your examples work |
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properly! |
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. |
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.It Em DIAGNOSTICS |
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Documents error conditions. This is most useful in section 4 manuals. |
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Historically, this section was used in place of |
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.Em EXIT STATUS |
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for manuals in sections 1, 6, and 8; however, this practise is |
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discouraged. |
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. |
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.It Em ERRORS |
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Documents error handling in sections 2, 3, and 9. |
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. |
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.It Em SEE ALSO |
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References other manuals with related topics. This section should exist |
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for most manuals. |
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.Pp |
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.D1 \&.BR bar \&( 1 \&), |
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.Pp |
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Cross-references should conventionally be ordered |
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first by section, then alphabetically. |
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. |
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.It Em STANDARDS |
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References any standards implemented or used, such as |
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.Pp |
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.D1 IEEE Std 1003.2 (\e(lqPOSIX.2\e(rq) |
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.Pp |
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If not adhering to any standards, the |
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.Em HISTORY |
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section should be used. |
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. |
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.It Em HISTORY |
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The history of any manual without a |
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.Em STANDARDS |
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section should be described in this section. |
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. |
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.It Em AUTHORS |
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Credits to authors, if applicable, should appear in this section. |
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Authors should generally be noted by both name and an e-mail address. |
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. |
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.It Em CAVEATS |
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Explanations of common misuses and misunderstandings should be explained |
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in this section. |
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. |
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.It Em BUGS |
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Extant bugs should be described in this section. |
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. |
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.It Em SECURITY CONSIDERATIONS |
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Documents any security precautions that operators should consider. |
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. |
.El |
.El |
. |
. |
. |
. |
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.Pp |
.Pp |
is equivalent to |
is equivalent to |
.Sq \&.I foo . |
.Sq \&.I foo . |
If next-line macros are invoked consecutively, only the last is used. |
If next-line macros are invoked consecutively, only the last is used; in |
If a next-line macro is proceded by a block macro, it is ignored. |
other words, if a next-line macro is preceded by a block macro, it is |
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ignored. |
.Bd -literal -offset indent |
.Bd -literal -offset indent |
\&.YO \(lBbody...\(rB |
\&.YO \(lBbody...\(rB |
\(lBbody...\(rB |
\(lBbody...\(rB |
Line 445 This section is a canonical reference to all macros, a |
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Line 520 This section is a canonical reference to all macros, a |
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alphabetically. For the scoping of individual macros, see |
alphabetically. For the scoping of individual macros, see |
.Sx MACRO SYNTAX . |
.Sx MACRO SYNTAX . |
. |
. |
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. |
.Ss \&B |
.Ss \&B |
Text is rendered in bold face. |
Text is rendered in bold face. |
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.Pp |
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See also |
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.Sx \&I , |
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.Sx \&R , |
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.Sx \&b , |
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.Sx \&i , |
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and |
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.Sx \&r . |
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. |
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. |
.Ss \&BI |
.Ss \&BI |
Text is rendered alternately in bold face and italic. Thus, |
Text is rendered alternately in bold face and italic. Thus, |
.Sq .BI this word and that |
.Sq .BI this word and that |
Line 459 to render in bold face, while |
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Line 545 to render in bold face, while |
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and |
and |
.Sq that |
.Sq that |
render in italics. Whitespace between arguments is omitted in output. |
render in italics. Whitespace between arguments is omitted in output. |
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.Pp |
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Examples: |
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.Bd -filled -offset indent |
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.Pf \. Sx \&BI |
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bold italic bold italic |
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.Ed |
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.Pp |
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The output of this example will be emboldened |
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.Dq bold |
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and italicised |
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.Dq italic , |
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with spaces stripped between arguments. |
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.Pp |
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See also |
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.Sx \&IB , |
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.Sx \&BR , |
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.Sx \&RB , |
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.Sx \&RI , |
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and |
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.Sx \&IR . |
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. |
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. |
.Ss \&BR |
.Ss \&BR |
Text is rendered alternately in bold face and roman (the default font). |
Text is rendered alternately in bold face and roman (the default font). |
Whitespace between arguments is omitted in output. |
Whitespace between arguments is omitted in output. |
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.Pp |
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See |
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.Sx \&BI |
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for an equivalent example. |
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.Pp |
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See also |
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.Sx \&BI , |
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.Sx \&IB , |
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.Sx \&RB , |
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.Sx \&RI , |
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and |
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.Sx \&IR . |
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. |
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. |
.Ss \&DT |
.Ss \&DT |
Has no effect. Included for compatibility. |
Has no effect. Included for compatibility. |
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. |
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. |
.Ss \&HP |
.Ss \&HP |
Begin a paragraph whose initial output line is left-justified, but |
Begin a paragraph whose initial output line is left-justified, but |
subsequent output lines are indented, with the following syntax: |
subsequent output lines are indented, with the following syntax: |
.Bd -literal -offset indent |
.Bd -filled -offset indent |
\&.HP [width] |
.Pf \. Sx \&HP |
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.Op Cm width |
.Ed |
.Ed |
. |
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.Pp |
.Pp |
If scaling width |
The |
.Va width |
.Cm width |
is specified, it's saved for later paragraph left-margins; if |
argument must conform to |
unspecified, the saved or default width is used. |
.Sx Scaling Widths . |
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If specified, it's saved for later paragraph left-margins; if unspecified, the |
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saved or default width is used. |
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.Pp |
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See also |
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.Sx IP , |
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.Sx LP , |
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.Sx P , |
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.Sx PP , |
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and |
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.Sx TP . |
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. |
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. |
.Ss \&I |
.Ss \&I |
Text is rendered in italics. |
Text is rendered in italics. |
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.Pp |
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See also |
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.Sx \&B , |
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.Sx \&R , |
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.Sx \&b , |
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.Sx \&i , |
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and |
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.Sx \&r . |
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. |
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. |
.Ss \&IB |
.Ss \&IB |
Text is rendered alternately in italics and bold face. Whitespace |
Text is rendered alternately in italics and bold face. Whitespace |
between arguments is omitted in output. |
between arguments is omitted in output. |
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.Pp |
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See |
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.Sx \&BI |
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for an equivalent example. |
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.Pp |
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See also |
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.Sx \&BI , |
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.Sx \&BR , |
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.Sx \&RB , |
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.Sx \&RI , |
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and |
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.Sx \&IR . |
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. |
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. |
.Ss \&IP |
.Ss \&IP |
Begin a paragraph with the following syntax: |
Begin an indented paragraph with the following syntax: |
.Bd -literal -offset indent |
.Bd -filled -offset indent |
\&.IP [head [width]] |
.Pf \. Sx \&IP |
|
.Op Cm head Op Cm width |
.Ed |
.Ed |
. |
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.Pp |
.Pp |
This follows the behaviour of the |
The |
.Sx \&TP |
.Cm width |
except for the macro syntax (all arguments on the line, instead of |
argument defines the width of the left margin and is defined by |
having next-line scope). If |
.Sx Scaling Widths , |
.Va width |
It's saved for later paragraph left-margins; if unspecified, the saved or |
is specified, it's saved for later paragraph left-margins; if |
default width is used. |
unspecified, the saved or default width is used. |
.Pp |
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The |
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.Cm head |
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argument is used as a leading term, flushed to the left margin. This is |
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useful for bulleted paragraphs and so on. |
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.Pp |
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See also |
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.Sx HP , |
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.Sx LP , |
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.Sx P , |
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.Sx PP , |
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and |
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.Sx TP . |
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. |
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. |
.Ss \&IR |
.Ss \&IR |
Text is rendered alternately in italics and roman (the default font). |
Text is rendered alternately in italics and roman (the default font). |
Whitespace between arguments is omitted in output. |
Whitespace between arguments is omitted in output. |
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.Pp |
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See |
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.Sx \&BI |
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for an equivalent example. |
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.Pp |
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See also |
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.Sx \&BI , |
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.Sx \&IB , |
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.Sx \&BR , |
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.Sx \&RB , |
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and |
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.Sx \&RI . |
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. |
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. |
.Ss \&LP |
.Ss \&LP |
Begin an undecorated paragraph. The scope of a paragraph is closed by a |
Begin an undecorated paragraph. The scope of a paragraph is closed by a |
subsequent paragraph, sub-section, section, or end of file. The saved |
subsequent paragraph, sub-section, section, or end of file. The saved |
paragraph left-margin width is re-set to the default. |
paragraph left-margin width is re-set to the default. |
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.Pp |
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See also |
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.Sx HP , |
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.Sx IP , |
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.Sx P , |
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.Sx PP , |
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and |
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.Sx TP . |
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. |
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. |
.Ss \&P |
.Ss \&P |
Synonym for |
Synonym for |
.Sx \&LP . |
.Sx \&LP . |
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.Pp |
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See also |
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.Sx HP , |
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.Sx IP , |
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.Sx LP , |
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.Sx PP , |
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and |
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.Sx TP . |
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. |
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. |
.Ss \&PP |
.Ss \&PP |
Synonym for |
Synonym for |
.Sx \&LP . |
.Sx \&LP . |
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.Pp |
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See also |
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.Sx HP , |
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.Sx IP , |
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.Sx LP , |
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.Sx P , |
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and |
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.Sx TP . |
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. |
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. |
.Ss \&R |
.Ss \&R |
Text is rendered in roman (the default font). |
Text is rendered in roman (the default font). |
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.Pp |
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See also |
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.Sx \&I , |
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.Sx \&B , |
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.Sx \&b , |
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.Sx \&i , |
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and |
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.Sx \&r . |
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. |
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. |
.Ss \&RB |
.Ss \&RB |
Text is rendered alternately in roman (the default font) and bold face. |
Text is rendered alternately in roman (the default font) and bold face. |
Whitespace between arguments is omitted in output. |
Whitespace between arguments is omitted in output. |
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.Pp |
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See |
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.Sx \&BI |
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for an equivalent example. |
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.Pp |
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See also |
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.Sx \&BI , |
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.Sx \&IB , |
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.Sx \&BR , |
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.Sx \&RI , |
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and |
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.Sx \&IR . |
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. |
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. |
.Ss \&RE |
.Ss \&RE |
Explicitly close out the scope of a prior |
Explicitly close out the scope of a prior |
.Sx \&RS . |
.Sx \&RS . |
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. |
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. |
.Ss \&RI |
.Ss \&RI |
Text is rendered alternately in roman (the default font) and italics. |
Text is rendered alternately in roman (the default font) and italics. |
Whitespace between arguments is omitted in output. |
Whitespace between arguments is omitted in output. |
|
.Pp |
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See |
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.Sx \&BI |
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for an equivalent example. |
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.Pp |
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See also |
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.Sx \&BI , |
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.Sx \&IB , |
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.Sx \&BR , |
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.Sx \&RB , |
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and |
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.Sx \&IR . |
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. |
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. |
.Ss \&RS |
.Ss \&RS |
Begin a part setting the left margin. The left margin controls the |
Begin a part setting the left margin. The left margin controls the |
offset, following an initial indentation, to un-indented text such as |
offset, following an initial indentation, to un-indented text such as |
that of |
that of |
.Sx \&PP . |
.Sx \&PP . |
A scaling width may be specified as following: |
This has the following syntax: |
.Bd -literal -offset indent |
.Bd -filled -offset indent |
\&.RS [width] |
.Pf \. Sx \&Rs |
|
.Op Cm width |
.Ed |
.Ed |
. |
|
.Pp |
.Pp |
If |
The |
.Va width |
.Cm width |
is not specified, the saved or default width is used. |
argument must conform to |
|
.Sx Scaling Widths . |
|
If not specified, the saved or default width is used. |
|
. |
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. |
.Ss \&SB |
.Ss \&SB |
Text is rendered in small size (one point smaller than the default font) |
Text is rendered in small size (one point smaller than the default font) |
bold face. |
bold face. |
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. |
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. |
.Ss \&SH |
.Ss \&SH |
Begin a section. The scope of a section is only closed by another |
Begin a section. The scope of a section is only closed by another |
section or the end of file. The paragraph left-margin width is re-set |
section or the end of file. The paragraph left-margin width is re-set |
to the default. |
to the default. |
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. |
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. |
.Ss \&SM |
.Ss \&SM |
Text is rendered in small size (one point smaller than the default |
Text is rendered in small size (one point smaller than the default |
font). |
font). |
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. |
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. |
.Ss \&SS |
.Ss \&SS |
Begin a sub-section. The scope of a sub-section is closed by a |
Begin a sub-section. The scope of a sub-section is closed by a |
subsequent sub-section, section, or end of file. The paragraph |
subsequent sub-section, section, or end of file. The paragraph |
left-margin width is re-set to the default. |
left-margin width is re-set to the default. |
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. |
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. |
.Ss \&TH |
.Ss \&TH |
Sets the title of the manual page with the following syntax: |
Sets the title of the manual page with the following syntax: |
.Bd -literal -offset indent |
.Bd -filled -offset indent |
\&.TH title section [date [source [volume]]] |
.Pf \. Sx \&TH |
|
.Cm title section |
|
.Op Cm date Op Cm source Op Cm volume |
.Ed |
.Ed |
. |
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.Pp |
.Pp |
At least the |
At least the upper-case document title |
.Va title |
.Cm title |
and |
and numeric manual section |
.Va section |
.Cm section |
arguments must be provided. The |
arguments must be provided. The |
.Va date |
.Cm date |
argument should be formatted as |
argument should be formatted as described in |
.Qq %b [%d] %Y |
.Sx Dates : |
format, described in |
if it does not conform, the current date is used instead. The |
.Xr strptime 3 . |
.Cm source |
The |
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.Va source |
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string specifies the organisation providing the utility. The |
string specifies the organisation providing the utility. The |
.Va volume |
.Cm volume |
replaces the default rendered volume as dictated by the manual section. |
string replaces the default rendered volume, which is dictated by the |
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manual section. |
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.Pp |
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Examples: |
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.Bd -filled -offset indent |
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\&.TH CVS 5 "1992-02-12" GNU |
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.Ed |
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. |
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. |
.Ss \&TP |
.Ss \&TP |
Begin a paragraph where the head, if exceeding the indentation width, is |
Begin a paragraph where the head, if exceeding the indentation width, is |
followed by a newline; if not, the body follows on the same line after a |
followed by a newline; if not, the body follows on the same line after a |
buffer to the indentation width. Subsequent output lines are indented. |
buffer to the indentation width. Subsequent output lines are indented. |
. |
The syntax is as follows: |
.Pp |
.Bd -filled -offset indent |
The indentation scaling width may be set as follows: |
.Pf \. Sx \&TP |
.Bd -literal -offset indent |
.Op Cm width |
\&.TP [width] |
|
.Ed |
.Ed |
. |
|
.Pp |
.Pp |
If |
The |
.Va width |
.Cm width |
is specified, it's saved for later paragraph left-margins; if |
argument must conform to |
|
.Sx Scaling Widths . |
|
If specified, it's saved for later paragraph left-margins; if |
unspecified, the saved or default width is used. |
unspecified, the saved or default width is used. |
|
.Pp |
|
See also |
|
.Sx HP , |
|
.Sx IP , |
|
.Sx LP , |
|
.Sx P , |
|
and |
|
.Sx PP . |
|
. |
|
. |
.Ss \&PD |
.Ss \&PD |
Has no effect. Included for compatibility. |
Has no effect. Included for compatibility. |
|
. |
|
. |
.Ss \&UC |
.Ss \&UC |
Has no effect. Included for compatibility. |
Has no effect. Included for compatibility. |
|
. |
|
. |
.Ss \&br |
.Ss \&br |
Breaks the current line. Consecutive invocations have no further effect. |
Breaks the current line. Consecutive invocations have no further effect. |
|
.Pp |
|
See also |
|
.Sx \&sp . |
|
. |
|
. |
.Ss \&fi |
.Ss \&fi |
End literal mode begun by |
End literal mode begun by |
.Sx \&nf . |
.Sx \&nf . |
|
. |
|
. |
.Ss \&i |
.Ss \&i |
Italicise arguments. If no arguments are specified, all subsequent text |
Italicise arguments. If no arguments are specified, all subsequent text |
is italicised. |
is italicised. |
|
.Pp |
|
See also |
|
.Sx \&B , |
|
.Sx \&I , |
|
.Sx \&R . |
|
.Sx \&b , |
|
and |
|
.Sx \&r . |
|
. |
|
. |
.Ss \&na |
.Ss \&na |
Don't align to the right margin. |
Don't align to the right margin. |
|
. |
|
. |
.Ss \&nf |
.Ss \&nf |
Begin literal mode: all subsequent free-form lines have their end of |
Begin literal mode: all subsequent free-form lines have their end of |
line boundaries preserved. May be ended by |
line boundaries preserved. May be ended by |
.Sx \&fi . |
.Sx \&fi . |
|
. |
|
. |
.Ss \&r |
.Ss \&r |
Fonts and styles (bold face, italics) reset to roman (default font). |
Fonts and styles (bold face, italics) reset to roman (default font). |
|
.Pp |
|
See also |
|
.Sx \&B , |
|
.Sx \&I , |
|
.Sx \&R , |
|
.Sx \&b , |
|
and |
|
.Sx \&i . |
|
. |
|
. |
.Ss \&sp |
.Ss \&sp |
Insert n spaces, where n is the macro's positive numeric argument. If |
Insert vertical spaces into output with the following syntax: |
0, this is equivalent to the |
.Bd -filled -offset indent |
|
.Pf \. Sx \&sp |
|
.Op Cm height |
|
.Ed |
|
.Pp |
|
Insert |
|
.Cm height |
|
spaces, which must conform to |
|
.Sx Scaling Widths . |
|
If 0, this is equivalent to the |
.Sx \&br |
.Sx \&br |
macro. |
macro. Defaults to 1, if unspecified. |
|
.Pp |
|
See also |
|
.Sx \&br . |
. |
. |
. |
. |
.Sh COMPATIBILITY |
.Sh COMPATIBILITY |