version 1.9, 2009/04/12 19:19:57 |
version 1.63, 2010/05/07 15:49:36 |
|
|
.\" $Id$ |
.\" $Id$ |
.\" |
.\" |
.\" Copyright (c) 2009 Kristaps Dzonsons <kristaps@openbsd.org> |
.\" Copyright (c) 2009 Kristaps Dzonsons <kristaps@bsd.lv> |
.\" |
.\" |
.\" Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any |
.\" Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any |
.\" purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the |
.\" purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above |
.\" above copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all |
.\" copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies. |
.\" copies. |
|
.\" |
.\" |
.\" THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL |
.\" THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES |
.\" WARRANTIES WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED |
.\" WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF |
.\" WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE |
.\" MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR |
.\" AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL |
.\" ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES |
.\" DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR |
.\" WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN |
.\" PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER |
.\" ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF |
.\" TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR |
.\" OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE. |
.\" PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE. |
.\" |
.\" |
|
.Dd $Mdocdate$ |
.Dd $Mdocdate$ |
.Dt MAN 7 |
.Dt MAN 7 |
.Os |
.Os |
.\" SECTION |
|
.Sh NAME |
.Sh NAME |
.Nm man |
.Nm man |
.Nd man language reference |
.Nd man language reference |
.\" SECTION |
|
.Sh DESCRIPTION |
.Sh DESCRIPTION |
The |
The |
.Nm man |
.Nm man |
language was historically used to format |
language was historically used to format |
.Ux |
.Ux |
manuals. This reference document describes the syntax and structure of |
manuals. This reference document describes its syntax, structure, and |
this language. |
usage. |
.Pp |
.Pp |
.Em \&Do not |
.Bf -emphasis |
use |
Do not use |
.Nm |
.Nm |
to write your manuals. Use the |
to write your manuals. |
|
.Ef |
|
Use the |
.Xr mdoc 7 |
.Xr mdoc 7 |
language, instead. |
language, instead. |
.\" PARAGRAPH |
|
.Pp |
.Pp |
An |
An |
.Nm |
.Nm |
document follows simple rules: lines beginning with the control |
document follows simple rules: lines beginning with the control |
character |
character |
.Sq \&. |
.Sq \&. |
are parsed for macros. Other lines are interpreted within the scope of |
are parsed for macros. Other lines are interpreted within the scope of |
prior macros: |
prior macros: |
|
|
\&.SH Macro lines change control state. |
\&.SH Macro lines change control state. |
Other lines are interpreted within the current state. |
Other lines are interpreted within the current state. |
.Ed |
.Ed |
.\" SECTION |
|
.Sh INPUT ENCODING |
.Sh INPUT ENCODING |
.Nm |
.Nm |
documents may contain only graphable 7-bit ASCII characters and the |
documents may contain only graphable 7-bit ASCII characters, the |
space character |
space character, and the tabs character. All manuals must have |
.Sq \ . |
|
All manuals must have |
|
.Ux |
.Ux |
.Sq \en |
line termination. |
line termination. |
|
.Pp |
.Pp |
Blank lines are acceptable; where found, the output will assert a |
Blank lines are acceptable; where found, the output will assert a |
vertical space. |
vertical space. |
.Pp |
.Ss Comments |
The |
Text following a |
.Sq \ec |
.Sq \e\*" , |
escape is common in historical |
whether in a macro or free-form text line, is ignored to the end of |
.Nm |
line. A macro line with only a control character and comment escape, |
documents; if encountered at the end of a word, it ensures that the |
.Sq \&.\e" , |
subsequent word isn't off-set by whitespace. |
is also ignored. Macro lines with only a control character and |
.\" SUB-SECTION |
optionally whitespace are stripped from input. |
.Ss Special Characters |
.Ss Special Characters |
Special character sequences begin with the escape character |
Special characters may occur in both macro and free-form lines. |
|
Sequences begin with the escape character |
.Sq \e |
.Sq \e |
followed by either an open-parenthesis |
followed by either an open-parenthesis |
.Sq \&( |
.Sq \&( |
for two-character sequences; an open-bracket |
for two-character sequences; an open-bracket |
.Sq \&[ |
.Sq \&[ |
for n-character sequences (terminated at a close-bracket |
for n-character sequences (terminated at a close-bracket |
.Sq \&] ) ; |
.Sq \&] ) ; |
or a single one-character sequence. |
or a single one-character sequence. See |
.Pp |
.Xr mandoc_char 7 |
Characters may alternatively be escaped by a slash-asterisk, |
for a complete list. Examples include |
.Sq \e* , |
.Sq \e(em |
with the same combinations as described above. This form is deprecated. |
.Pq em-dash |
.\" SECTION |
|
.Sh STRUCTURE |
|
Macros are one to three three characters in length and begin with a |
|
control character , |
|
.Sq \&. , |
|
at the beginning of the line. An arbitrary amount of whitespace may |
|
sit between the control character and the macro name. Thus, |
|
.Sq \&.PP |
|
and |
and |
.Sq \&.\ \ \ \&PP |
.Sq \ee |
are equivalent. |
.Pq back-slash . |
|
.Ss Text Decoration |
|
Terms may be text-decorated using the |
|
.Sq \ef |
|
escape followed by an indicator: B (bold), I, (italic), R (Roman), or P |
|
(revert to previous mode): |
.Pp |
.Pp |
All |
.D1 \efBbold\efR \efIitalic\efP |
|
.Pp |
|
A numerical representation 3, 2, or 1 (bold, italic, and Roman, |
|
respectively) may be used instead. A text decoration is only valid, if |
|
specified in free-form text, until the next macro invocation; if |
|
specified within a macro, it's only valid until the macro closes scope. |
|
Note that macros like |
|
.Sx \&BR |
|
open and close a font scope with each argument. |
|
.Pp |
|
Text may also be sized with the |
|
.Sq \es |
|
escape, whose syntax is one of |
|
.Sq \es+-n |
|
for one-digit numerals; |
|
.Sq \es(+-nn |
|
or |
|
.Sq \es+-(nn |
|
for two-digit numerals; and |
|
.Sq \es[+-N] , |
|
.Sq \es+-[N] , |
|
.Sq \es'+-N' , |
|
or |
|
.Sq \es+-'N' |
|
for arbitrary-digit numerals: |
|
.Pp |
|
.D1 \es+1bigger\es-1 |
|
.D1 \es[+10]much bigger\es[-10] |
|
.D1 \es+(10much bigger\es-(10 |
|
.D1 \es+'100'much much bigger\es-'100' |
|
.Pp |
|
Both |
|
.Sq \es |
|
and |
|
.Sq \ef |
|
attributes are forgotten when entering or exiting a macro block. |
|
.Ss Whitespace |
|
Unless specifically escaped, consecutive blocks of whitespace are pruned |
|
from input. These are later re-added, if applicable, by a front-end |
|
utility such as |
|
.Xr mandoc 1 . |
|
.Ss Dates |
|
The |
|
.Sx \&TH |
|
macro is the only |
.Nm |
.Nm |
macros follow the same structural rules: |
macro that requires a date. The form for this date is the ISO-8601 |
|
standard |
|
.Cm YYYY-MM-DD . |
|
.Ss Scaling Widths |
|
Many macros support scaled widths for their arguments, such as |
|
stipulating a two-inch paragraph indentation with the following: |
.Bd -literal -offset indent |
.Bd -literal -offset indent |
\&.YO \(lBbody...\(rB |
\&.HP 2i |
.Ed |
.Ed |
.Pp |
.Pp |
The |
The syntax for scaled widths is |
.Dq body |
.Sq Li [+-]?[0-9]*.[0-9]*[:unit:]? , |
consists of zero or more arguments to the macro. |
where a decimal must be preceded or proceeded by at least one digit. |
|
Negative numbers, while accepted, are truncated to zero. The following |
|
scaling units are accepted: |
.Pp |
.Pp |
|
.Bl -tag -width Ds -offset indent -compact |
|
.It c |
|
centimetre |
|
.It i |
|
inch |
|
.It P |
|
pica (~1/6 inch) |
|
.It p |
|
point (~1/72 inch) |
|
.It f |
|
synonym for |
|
.Sq u |
|
.It v |
|
default vertical span |
|
.It m |
|
width of rendered |
|
.Sq m |
|
.Pq em |
|
character |
|
.It n |
|
width of rendered |
|
.Sq n |
|
.Pq en |
|
character |
|
.It u |
|
default horizontal span |
|
.It M |
|
mini-em (~1/100 em) |
|
.El |
|
.Pp |
|
Using anything other than |
|
.Sq m , |
|
.Sq n , |
|
.Sq u , |
|
or |
|
.Sq v |
|
is necessarily non-portable across output media. |
|
.Pp |
|
If a scaling unit is not provided, the numerical value is interpreted |
|
under the default rules of |
|
.Sq v |
|
for vertical spaces and |
|
.Sq u |
|
for horizontal ones. |
|
.Em Note : |
|
this differs from |
|
.Xr mdoc 7 , |
|
which, if a unit is not provided, will instead interpret the string as |
|
literal text. |
|
.Sh MANUAL STRUCTURE |
|
Each |
.Nm |
.Nm |
has a primitive notion of multi-line scope for the following macros: |
document must contain contains at least the |
.Sq \&.TM , |
.Sx \&TH |
.Sq \&.SM , |
macro describing the document's section and title. It may occur |
.Sq \&.SB , |
anywhere in the document, although conventionally, it appears as the |
.Sq \&.BI , |
first macro. |
.Sq \&.IB , |
.Pp |
.Sq \&.BR , |
Beyond |
.Sq \&.RB , |
.Sx \&TH , |
.Sq \&.R , |
at least one macro or text node must appear in the document. Documents |
.Sq \&.B , |
are generally structured as follows: |
.Sq \&.I , |
.Bd -literal -offset indent |
.Sq \&.IR |
\&.TH FOO 1 2009-10-10 |
and |
\&. |
.Sq \&.RI . |
\&.SH NAME |
When these macros are invoked without arguments, the subsequent line is |
\efBfoo\efR \e(en a description goes here |
considered a continuation of the macro. Thus: |
\&.\e\*q The next is for sections 2 & 3 only. |
.Bd -literal -offset indent |
\&.\e\*q .SH LIBRARY |
\&.RI |
\&. |
foo |
\&.SH SYNOPSIS |
|
\efBfoo\efR [\efB\e-options\efR] arguments... |
|
\&. |
|
\&.SH DESCRIPTION |
|
The \efBfoo\efR utility processes files... |
|
\&. |
|
\&.\e\*q .SH IMPLEMENTATION NOTES |
|
\&.\e\*q The next is for sections 1 & 8 only. |
|
\&.\e\*q .SH EXIT STATUS |
|
\&.\e\*q The next is for sections 2, 3, & 9 only. |
|
\&.\e\*q .SH RETURN VALUES |
|
\&.\e\*q The next is for sections 1, 6, 7, & 8 only. |
|
\&.\e\*q .SH ENVIRONMENT |
|
\&.\e\*q .SH FILES |
|
\&.\e\*q .SH EXAMPLES |
|
\&.\e\*q The next is for sections 1, 4, 6, 7, & 8 only. |
|
\&.\e\*q .SH DIAGNOSTICS |
|
\&.\e\*q The next is for sections 2, 3, & 9 only. |
|
\&.\e\*q .SH ERRORS |
|
\&.\e\*q .SH SEE ALSO |
|
\&.\e\*q .BR foo ( 1 ) |
|
\&.\e\*q .SH STANDARDS |
|
\&.\e\*q .SH HISTORY |
|
\&.\e\*q .SH AUTHORS |
|
\&.\e\*q .SH CAVEATS |
|
\&.\e\*q .SH BUGS |
|
\&.\e\*q .SH SECURITY CONSIDERATIONS |
.Ed |
.Ed |
.Pp |
.Pp |
is equivalent to |
The sections in a |
.Sq \&.RI foo . |
.Nm |
If two consecutive lines exhibit the latter behaviour, |
document are conventionally ordered as they appear above. Sections |
an error is raised. Thus, the following is not acceptable: |
should be composed as follows: |
.Bd -literal -offset indent |
.Bl -ohang -offset indent |
\&.RI |
.It Em NAME |
\&.I |
The name(s) and a short description of the documented material. The |
Hello, world. |
syntax for this is generally as follows: |
|
.Pp |
|
.D1 \efBname\efR \e(en description |
|
.It Em LIBRARY |
|
The name of the library containing the documented material, which is |
|
assumed to be a function in a section 2 or 3 manual. For functions in |
|
the C library, this may be as follows: |
|
.Pp |
|
.D1 Standard C Library (libc, -lc) |
|
.It Em SYNOPSIS |
|
Documents the utility invocation syntax, function call syntax, or device |
|
configuration. |
|
.Pp |
|
For the first, utilities (sections 1, 6, and 8), this is |
|
generally structured as follows: |
|
.Pp |
|
.D1 \efBname\efR [-\efBab\efR] [-\efBc\efR\efIarg\efR] \efBpath\efR... |
|
.Pp |
|
For the second, function calls (sections 2, 3, 9): |
|
.Pp |
|
.D1 \&.B char *name(char *\efIarg\efR); |
|
.Pp |
|
And for the third, configurations (section 4): |
|
.Pp |
|
.D1 \&.B name* at cardbus ? function ? |
|
.Pp |
|
Manuals not in these sections generally don't need a |
|
.Em SYNOPSIS . |
|
.It Em DESCRIPTION |
|
This expands upon the brief, one-line description in |
|
.Em NAME . |
|
It usually contains a break-down of the options (if documenting a |
|
command). |
|
.It Em IMPLEMENTATION NOTES |
|
Implementation-specific notes should be kept here. This is useful when |
|
implementing standard functions that may have side effects or notable |
|
algorithmic implications. |
|
.It Em EXIT STATUS |
|
Command exit status for section 1, 6, and 8 manuals. This section is |
|
the dual of |
|
.Em RETURN VALUES , |
|
which is used for functions. Historically, this information was |
|
described in |
|
.Em DIAGNOSTICS , |
|
a practise that is now discouraged. |
|
.It Em RETURN VALUES |
|
This section is the dual of |
|
.Em EXIT STATUS , |
|
which is used for commands. It documents the return values of functions |
|
in sections 2, 3, and 9. |
|
.It Em ENVIRONMENT |
|
Documents any usages of environment variables, e.g., |
|
.Xr environ 7 . |
|
.It Em FILES |
|
Documents files used. It's helpful to document both the file and a |
|
short description of how the file is used (created, modified, etc.). |
|
.It Em EXAMPLES |
|
Example usages. This often contains snippets of well-formed, |
|
well-tested invocations. Make doubly sure that your examples work |
|
properly! |
|
.It Em DIAGNOSTICS |
|
Documents error conditions. This is most useful in section 4 manuals. |
|
Historically, this section was used in place of |
|
.Em EXIT STATUS |
|
for manuals in sections 1, 6, and 8; however, this practise is |
|
discouraged. |
|
.It Em ERRORS |
|
Documents error handling in sections 2, 3, and 9. |
|
.It Em SEE ALSO |
|
References other manuals with related topics. This section should exist |
|
for most manuals. |
|
.Pp |
|
.D1 \&.BR bar \&( 1 \&), |
|
.Pp |
|
Cross-references should conventionally be ordered |
|
first by section, then alphabetically. |
|
.It Em STANDARDS |
|
References any standards implemented or used, such as |
|
.Pp |
|
.D1 IEEE Std 1003.2 (\e(lqPOSIX.2\e(rq) |
|
.Pp |
|
If not adhering to any standards, the |
|
.Em HISTORY |
|
section should be used. |
|
.It Em HISTORY |
|
The history of any manual without a |
|
.Em STANDARDS |
|
section should be described in this section. |
|
.It Em AUTHORS |
|
Credits to authors, if applicable, should appear in this section. |
|
Authors should generally be noted by both name and an e-mail address. |
|
.It Em CAVEATS |
|
Explanations of common misuses and misunderstandings should be explained |
|
in this section. |
|
.It Em BUGS |
|
Extant bugs should be described in this section. |
|
.It Em SECURITY CONSIDERATIONS |
|
Documents any security precautions that operators should consider. |
|
.El |
|
.Sh MACRO SYNTAX |
|
Macros are one to three three characters in length and begin with a |
|
control character , |
|
.Sq \&. , |
|
at the beginning of the line. The |
|
.Sq \(aq |
|
macro control character is also accepted. An arbitrary amount of |
|
whitespace (spaces or tabs) may sit between the control character and |
|
the macro name. Thus, the following are equivalent: |
|
.Bd -literal -offset indent |
|
\&.PP |
|
\&.\ \ \ PP |
.Ed |
.Ed |
.Pp |
.Pp |
The |
The |
.Sq \&.TP |
|
macro is similar, but does not need an empty argument line to trigger |
|
the behaviour. |
|
.\" PARAGRAPH |
|
.Sh MACROS |
|
This section contains a complete list of all |
|
.Nm |
.Nm |
macros and corresponding number of arguments. |
macros are classified by scope: line scope or block scope. Line |
|
macros are only scoped to the current line (and, in some situations, |
|
the subsequent line). Block macros are scoped to the current line and |
|
subsequent lines until closed by another block macro. |
|
.Ss Line Macros |
|
Line macros are generally scoped to the current line, with the body |
|
consisting of zero or more arguments. If a macro is scoped to the next |
|
line and the line arguments are empty, the next line, which must be |
|
text, is used instead. Thus: |
|
.Bd -literal -offset indent |
|
\&.I |
|
foo |
|
.Ed |
.Pp |
.Pp |
.Bl -column "MacroX" "Arguments" -compact -offset indent |
is equivalent to |
.It Em Macro Ta Em Arguments |
.Sq \&.I foo . |
.It \&.TH Ta >1, <6 |
If next-line macros are invoked consecutively, only the last is used. |
.It \&.SH Ta >0 |
If a next-line macro is followed by a non-next-line macro, an error is |
.It \&.SS Ta >0 |
raised (unless in the case of |
.It \&.TP Ta n |
.Sx \&br , |
.It \&.LP Ta 0 |
.Sx \&sp , |
.It \&.PP Ta 0 |
or |
.It \&.P Ta 0 |
.Sx \&na ) . |
.It \&.IP Ta <3 |
.Pp |
.It \&.HP Ta <2 |
The syntax is as follows: |
.It \&.SM Ta n |
.Bd -literal -offset indent |
.It \&.SB Ta n |
\&.YO \(lBbody...\(rB |
.It \&.BI Ta n |
\(lBbody...\(rB |
.It \&.IB Ta n |
.Ed |
.It \&.BR Ta n |
.Pp |
.It \&.RB Ta n |
.Bl -column -compact -offset indent "MacroX" "ArgumentsX" "ScopeXXXXX" "CompatX" |
.It \&.R Ta n |
.It Em Macro Ta Em Arguments Ta Em Scope Ta Em Notes |
.It \&.B Ta n |
.It Sx \&B Ta n Ta next-line Ta \& |
.It \&.I Ta n |
.It Sx \&BI Ta n Ta current Ta \& |
.It \&.IR Ta n |
.It Sx \&BR Ta n Ta current Ta \& |
.It \&.RI Ta n |
.It Sx \&DT Ta 0 Ta current Ta \& |
|
.It Sx \&I Ta n Ta next-line Ta \& |
|
.It Sx \&IB Ta n Ta current Ta \& |
|
.It Sx \&IR Ta n Ta current Ta \& |
|
.\" .It Sx \&PD Ta n Ta current Ta compat |
|
.It Sx \&R Ta n Ta next-line Ta \& |
|
.It Sx \&RB Ta n Ta current Ta \& |
|
.It Sx \&RI Ta n Ta current Ta \& |
|
.It Sx \&SB Ta n Ta next-line Ta \& |
|
.It Sx \&SM Ta n Ta next-line Ta \& |
|
.It Sx \&TH Ta >1, <6 Ta current Ta \& |
|
.\" .It Sx \&UC Ta n Ta current Ta compat |
|
.It Sx \&br Ta 0 Ta current Ta compat |
|
.It Sx \&fi Ta 0 Ta current Ta compat |
|
.It Sx \&i Ta n Ta current Ta compat |
|
.It Sx \&na Ta 0 Ta current Ta compat |
|
.It Sx \&nf Ta 0 Ta current Ta compat |
|
.It Sx \&r Ta 0 Ta current Ta compat |
|
.It Sx \&sp Ta 1 Ta current Ta compat |
|
.\" .It Sx \&Sp Ta 0 Ta current Ta compat |
|
.\" .It Sx \&Vb Ta <1 Ta current Ta compat |
|
.\" .It Sx \&Ve Ta 0 Ta current Ta compat |
.El |
.El |
.Pp |
.Pp |
Although not historically part of the |
Macros marked as |
|
.Qq compat |
|
are included for compatibility with the significant corpus of existing |
|
manuals that mix dialects of roff. These macros should not be used for |
|
portable |
.Nm |
.Nm |
system, the following macros are also supported: |
manuals. |
|
.Ss Block Macros |
|
Block macros are comprised of a head and body. Like for in-line macros, |
|
the head is scoped to the current line and, in one circumstance, the |
|
next line (the next-line stipulations as in |
|
.Sx Line Macros |
|
apply here as well). |
.Pp |
.Pp |
.Bl -column "MacroX" "Arguments" -compact -offset indent |
The syntax is as follows: |
.It Em Macro Ta Em Arguments |
.Bd -literal -offset indent |
.It \&.br Ta 0 |
\&.YO \(lBhead...\(rB |
.It \&.i Ta n |
\(lBhead...\(rB |
|
\(lBbody...\(rB |
|
.Ed |
|
.Pp |
|
The closure of body scope may be to the section, where a macro is closed |
|
by |
|
.Sx \&SH ; |
|
sub-section, closed by a section or |
|
.Sx \&SS ; |
|
part, closed by a section, sub-section, or |
|
.Sx \&RE ; |
|
or paragraph, closed by a section, sub-section, part, |
|
.Sx \&HP , |
|
.Sx \&IP , |
|
.Sx \&LP , |
|
.Sx \&P , |
|
.Sx \&PP , |
|
or |
|
.Sx \&TP . |
|
No closure refers to an explicit block closing macro. |
|
.Pp |
|
As a rule, block macros may not be nested; thus, calling a block macro |
|
while another block macro scope is open, and the open scope is not |
|
implicitly closed, is syntactically incorrect. |
|
.Pp |
|
.Bl -column -compact -offset indent "MacroX" "ArgumentsX" "Head ScopeX" "sub-sectionX" "compatX" |
|
.It Em Macro Ta Em Arguments Ta Em Head Scope Ta Em Body Scope Ta Em Notes |
|
.It Sx \&HP Ta <2 Ta current Ta paragraph Ta \& |
|
.It Sx \&IP Ta <3 Ta current Ta paragraph Ta \& |
|
.It Sx \&LP Ta 0 Ta current Ta paragraph Ta \& |
|
.It Sx \&P Ta 0 Ta current Ta paragraph Ta \& |
|
.It Sx \&PP Ta 0 Ta current Ta paragraph Ta \& |
|
.It Sx \&RE Ta 0 Ta current Ta none Ta compat |
|
.It Sx \&RS Ta 1 Ta current Ta part Ta compat |
|
.It Sx \&SH Ta >0 Ta next-line Ta section Ta \& |
|
.It Sx \&SS Ta >0 Ta next-line Ta sub-section Ta \& |
|
.It Sx \&TP Ta n Ta next-line Ta paragraph Ta \& |
.El |
.El |
.Pp |
.Pp |
These follow the same calling conventions as the above |
Macros marked |
|
.Qq compat |
|
are as mentioned in |
|
.Sx Line Macros . |
|
.Pp |
|
If a block macro is next-line scoped, it may only be followed by in-line |
|
macros for decorating text. |
|
.Sh REFERENCE |
|
This section is a canonical reference to all macros, arranged |
|
alphabetically. For the scoping of individual macros, see |
|
.Sx MACRO SYNTAX . |
|
.Ss \&B |
|
Text is rendered in bold face. |
|
.Pp |
|
See also |
|
.Sx \&I , |
|
.Sx \&R , |
|
.Sx \&b , |
|
.Sx \&i , |
|
and |
|
.Sx \&r . |
|
.Ss \&BI |
|
Text is rendered alternately in bold face and italic. Thus, |
|
.Sq .BI this word and that |
|
causes |
|
.Sq this |
|
and |
|
.Sq and |
|
to render in bold face, while |
|
.Sq word |
|
and |
|
.Sq that |
|
render in italics. Whitespace between arguments is omitted in output. |
|
.Pp |
|
Examples: |
|
.Pp |
|
.D1 \&.BI bold italic bold italic |
|
.Pp |
|
The output of this example will be emboldened |
|
.Dq bold |
|
and italicised |
|
.Dq italic , |
|
with spaces stripped between arguments. |
|
.Pp |
|
See also |
|
.Sx \&IB , |
|
.Sx \&BR , |
|
.Sx \&RB , |
|
.Sx \&RI , |
|
and |
|
.Sx \&IR . |
|
.Ss \&BR |
|
Text is rendered alternately in bold face and roman (the default font). |
|
Whitespace between arguments is omitted in output. |
|
.Pp |
|
See |
|
.Sx \&BI |
|
for an equivalent example. |
|
.Pp |
|
See also |
|
.Sx \&BI , |
|
.Sx \&IB , |
|
.Sx \&RB , |
|
.Sx \&RI , |
|
and |
|
.Sx \&IR . |
|
.Ss \&DT |
|
Has no effect. Included for compatibility. |
|
.Ss \&HP |
|
Begin a paragraph whose initial output line is left-justified, but |
|
subsequent output lines are indented, with the following syntax: |
|
.Bd -filled -offset indent |
|
.Pf \. Sx \&HP |
|
.Op Cm width |
|
.Ed |
|
.Pp |
|
The |
|
.Cm width |
|
argument must conform to |
|
.Sx Scaling Widths . |
|
If specified, it's saved for later paragraph left-margins; if unspecified, the |
|
saved or default width is used. |
|
.Pp |
|
See also |
|
.Sx \&IP , |
|
.Sx \&LP , |
|
.Sx \&P , |
|
.Sx \&PP , |
|
and |
|
.Sx \&TP . |
|
.Ss \&I |
|
Text is rendered in italics. |
|
.Pp |
|
See also |
|
.Sx \&B , |
|
.Sx \&R , |
|
.Sx \&b , |
|
.Sx \&i , |
|
and |
|
.Sx \&r . |
|
.Ss \&IB |
|
Text is rendered alternately in italics and bold face. Whitespace |
|
between arguments is omitted in output. |
|
.Pp |
|
See |
|
.Sx \&BI |
|
for an equivalent example. |
|
.Pp |
|
See also |
|
.Sx \&BI , |
|
.Sx \&BR , |
|
.Sx \&RB , |
|
.Sx \&RI , |
|
and |
|
.Sx \&IR . |
|
.Ss \&IP |
|
Begin an indented paragraph with the following syntax: |
|
.Bd -filled -offset indent |
|
.Pf \. Sx \&IP |
|
.Op Cm head Op Cm width |
|
.Ed |
|
.Pp |
|
The |
|
.Cm width |
|
argument defines the width of the left margin and is defined by |
|
.Sx Scaling Widths , |
|
It's saved for later paragraph left-margins; if unspecified, the saved or |
|
default width is used. |
|
.Pp |
|
The |
|
.Cm head |
|
argument is used as a leading term, flushed to the left margin. This is |
|
useful for bulleted paragraphs and so on. |
|
.Pp |
|
See also |
|
.Sx \&HP , |
|
.Sx \&LP , |
|
.Sx \&P , |
|
.Sx \&PP , |
|
and |
|
.Sx \&TP . |
|
.Ss \&IR |
|
Text is rendered alternately in italics and roman (the default font). |
|
Whitespace between arguments is omitted in output. |
|
.Pp |
|
See |
|
.Sx \&BI |
|
for an equivalent example. |
|
.Pp |
|
See also |
|
.Sx \&BI , |
|
.Sx \&IB , |
|
.Sx \&BR , |
|
.Sx \&RB , |
|
and |
|
.Sx \&RI . |
|
.Ss \&LP |
|
Begin an undecorated paragraph. The scope of a paragraph is closed by a |
|
subsequent paragraph, sub-section, section, or end of file. The saved |
|
paragraph left-margin width is re-set to the default. |
|
.Pp |
|
See also |
|
.Sx \&HP , |
|
.Sx \&IP , |
|
.Sx \&P , |
|
.Sx \&PP , |
|
and |
|
.Sx \&TP . |
|
.Ss \&P |
|
Synonym for |
|
.Sx \&LP . |
|
.Pp |
|
See also |
|
.Sx \&HP , |
|
.Sx \&IP , |
|
.Sx \&LP , |
|
.Sx \&PP , |
|
and |
|
.Sx \&TP . |
|
.Ss \&PP |
|
Synonym for |
|
.Sx \&LP . |
|
.Pp |
|
See also |
|
.Sx \&HP , |
|
.Sx \&IP , |
|
.Sx \&LP , |
|
.Sx \&P , |
|
and |
|
.Sx \&TP . |
|
.Ss \&R |
|
Text is rendered in roman (the default font). |
|
.Pp |
|
See also |
|
.Sx \&I , |
|
.Sx \&B , |
|
.Sx \&b , |
|
.Sx \&i , |
|
and |
|
.Sx \&r . |
|
.Ss \&RB |
|
Text is rendered alternately in roman (the default font) and bold face. |
|
Whitespace between arguments is omitted in output. |
|
.Pp |
|
See |
|
.Sx \&BI |
|
for an equivalent example. |
|
.Pp |
|
See also |
|
.Sx \&BI , |
|
.Sx \&IB , |
|
.Sx \&BR , |
|
.Sx \&RI , |
|
and |
|
.Sx \&IR . |
|
.Ss \&RE |
|
Explicitly close out the scope of a prior |
|
.Sx \&RS . |
|
.Ss \&RI |
|
Text is rendered alternately in roman (the default font) and italics. |
|
Whitespace between arguments is omitted in output. |
|
.Pp |
|
See |
|
.Sx \&BI |
|
for an equivalent example. |
|
.Pp |
|
See also |
|
.Sx \&BI , |
|
.Sx \&IB , |
|
.Sx \&BR , |
|
.Sx \&RB , |
|
and |
|
.Sx \&IR . |
|
.Ss \&RS |
|
Begin a part setting the left margin. The left margin controls the |
|
offset, following an initial indentation, to un-indented text such as |
|
that of |
|
.Sx \&PP . |
|
This has the following syntax: |
|
.Bd -filled -offset indent |
|
.Pf \. Sx \&Rs |
|
.Op Cm width |
|
.Ed |
|
.Pp |
|
The |
|
.Cm width |
|
argument must conform to |
|
.Sx Scaling Widths . |
|
If not specified, the saved or default width is used. |
|
.Ss \&SB |
|
Text is rendered in small size (one point smaller than the default font) |
|
bold face. |
|
.Ss \&SH |
|
Begin a section. The scope of a section is only closed by another |
|
section or the end of file. The paragraph left-margin width is re-set |
|
to the default. |
|
.Ss \&SM |
|
Text is rendered in small size (one point smaller than the default |
|
font). |
|
.Ss \&SS |
|
Begin a sub-section. The scope of a sub-section is closed by a |
|
subsequent sub-section, section, or end of file. The paragraph |
|
left-margin width is re-set to the default. |
|
.Ss \&TH |
|
Sets the title of the manual page with the following syntax: |
|
.Bd -filled -offset indent |
|
.Pf \. Sx \&TH |
|
.Cm title section |
|
.Op Cm date Op Cm source Op Cm volume |
|
.Ed |
|
.Pp |
|
At least the upper-case document title |
|
.Cm title |
|
and numeric manual section |
|
.Cm section |
|
arguments must be provided. The |
|
.Cm date |
|
argument should be formatted as described in |
|
.Sx Dates : |
|
if it does not conform, the current date is used instead. The |
|
.Cm source |
|
string specifies the organisation providing the utility. The |
|
.Cm volume |
|
string replaces the default rendered volume, which is dictated by the |
|
manual section. |
|
.Pp |
|
Examples: |
|
.Pp |
|
.D1 \&.TH CVS 5 "1992-02-12" GNU |
|
.Ss \&TP |
|
Begin a paragraph where the head, if exceeding the indentation width, is |
|
followed by a newline; if not, the body follows on the same line after a |
|
buffer to the indentation width. Subsequent output lines are indented. |
|
The syntax is as follows: |
|
.Bd -filled -offset indent |
|
.Pf \. Sx \&TP |
|
.Op Cm width |
|
.Ed |
|
.Pp |
|
The |
|
.Cm width |
|
argument must conform to |
|
.Sx Scaling Widths . |
|
If specified, it's saved for later paragraph left-margins; if |
|
unspecified, the saved or default width is used. |
|
.Pp |
|
See also |
|
.Sx \&HP , |
|
.Sx \&IP , |
|
.Sx \&LP , |
|
.Sx \&P , |
|
and |
|
.Sx \&PP . |
|
.\" . |
|
.\" . |
|
.\" .Ss \&PD |
|
.\" Has no effect. Included for compatibility. |
|
.\" . |
|
.\" . |
|
.\" .Ss \&UC |
|
.\" Has no effect. Included for compatibility. |
|
.Ss \&br |
|
Breaks the current line. Consecutive invocations have no further effect. |
|
.Pp |
|
See also |
|
.Sx \&sp . |
|
.Ss \&fi |
|
End literal mode begun by |
|
.Sx \&nf . |
|
.Ss \&i |
|
Italicise arguments. Synonym for |
|
.Sx \&I . |
|
.Pp |
|
See also |
|
.Sx \&B , |
|
.Sx \&I , |
|
.Sx \&R . |
|
.Sx \&b , |
|
and |
|
.Sx \&r . |
|
.Ss \&na |
|
Don't align to the right margin. |
|
.Ss \&nf |
|
Begin literal mode: all subsequent free-form lines have their end of |
|
line boundaries preserved. May be ended by |
|
.Sx \&fi . |
|
.Ss \&r |
|
Fonts and styles (bold face, italics) reset to roman (default font). |
|
.Pp |
|
See also |
|
.Sx \&B , |
|
.Sx \&I , |
|
.Sx \&R , |
|
.Sx \&b , |
|
and |
|
.Sx \&i . |
|
.Ss \&sp |
|
Insert vertical spaces into output with the following syntax: |
|
.Bd -filled -offset indent |
|
.Pf \. Sx \&sp |
|
.Op Cm height |
|
.Ed |
|
.Pp |
|
Insert |
|
.Cm height |
|
spaces, which must conform to |
|
.Sx Scaling Widths . |
|
If 0, this is equivalent to the |
|
.Sx \&br |
|
macro. Defaults to 1, if unspecified. |
|
.Pp |
|
See also |
|
.Sx \&br . |
|
.\" .Ss \&Sp |
|
.\" A synonym for |
|
.\" .Sx \&sp |
|
.\" .Cm 0.5v . |
|
.\" . |
|
.\" .Ss \&Vb |
|
.\" A synonym for |
|
.\" .Sx \&nf . |
|
.\" Accepts an argument (the height of the formatted space) which is |
|
.\" disregarded. |
|
.\" . |
|
.\" .Ss \&Ve |
|
.\" A synonym for |
|
.\" .Sx \&fi . |
|
.\" . |
|
.Sh COMPATIBILITY |
|
This section documents areas of questionable portability between |
|
implementations of the |
.Nm |
.Nm |
macros. |
language. |
.\" SECTION |
.Pp |
|
.Bl -dash -compact |
|
.It |
|
In quoted literals, GNU troff allowed pair-wise double-quotes to produce |
|
a standalone double-quote in formatted output. It is not known whether |
|
this behaviour is exhibited by other formatters. |
|
.It |
|
The |
|
.Sx \&sp |
|
macro does not accept negative values in mandoc. In GNU troff, this |
|
would result in strange behaviour. |
|
.It |
|
The |
|
.Sq \(aq |
|
macro control character, in GNU troff (and prior troffs) suppresses a |
|
newline before macro output; in mandoc, it is an alias for the standard |
|
.Sq \&. |
|
control character. |
|
.El |
.Sh SEE ALSO |
.Sh SEE ALSO |
.Xr mandoc 1 , |
.Xr mandoc 1 , |
.Xr mandoc_char 7 |
.Xr mandoc_char 7 |
.\" SECTION |
|
.Sh AUTHORS |
.Sh AUTHORS |
The |
The |
.Nm |
.Nm |
utility was written by |
reference was written by |
.An Kristaps Dzonsons Aq kristaps@openbsd.org . |
.An Kristaps Dzonsons Aq kristaps@bsd.lv . |
.\" SECTION |
|
.Sh CAVEATS |
.Sh CAVEATS |
Do not use this language. Use |
Do not use this language. Use |
.Xr mdoc 7 , |
.Xr mdoc 7 , |