=================================================================== RCS file: /cvs/mandoc/man.7,v retrieving revision 1.14 retrieving revision 1.117 diff -u -p -r1.14 -r1.117 --- mandoc/man.7 2009/06/18 10:32:00 1.14 +++ mandoc/man.7 2012/06/20 22:06:30 1.117 @@ -1,6 +1,7 @@ -.\" $Id: man.7,v 1.14 2009/06/18 10:32:00 kristaps Exp $ +.\" $Id: man.7,v 1.117 2012/06/20 22:06:30 schwarze Exp $ .\" -.\" Copyright (c) 2009 Kristaps Dzonsons +.\" Copyright (c) 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012 Kristaps Dzonsons +.\" Copyright (c) 2011 Ingo Schwarze .\" .\" Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any .\" purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above @@ -14,202 +15,912 @@ .\" ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF .\" OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE. .\" -.Dd $Mdocdate: June 18 2009 $ +.Dd $Mdocdate: June 20 2012 $ .Dt MAN 7 .Os -.\" SECTION .Sh NAME .Nm man -.Nd man language reference -.\" SECTION +.Nd legacy formatting language for manual pages .Sh DESCRIPTION -The +Traditionally, the .Nm man -language was historically used to format +language has been used to write .Ux -manuals. This reference document describes the syntax and structure of -this language. +manuals for the +.Xr man 1 +utility. +It supports limited control of presentational details like fonts, +indentation and spacing. +This reference document describes the structure of manual pages +and the syntax and usage of the man language. .Pp -.Em \&Do not -use +.Bf -emphasis +Do not use .Nm -to write your manuals. Use the +to write your manuals: +.Ef +It lacks support for semantic markup. +Use the .Xr mdoc 7 language, instead. -.\" PARAGRAPH .Pp -An +In a .Nm -document follows simple rules: lines beginning with the control -character +document, lines beginning with the control character .Sq \&. -are parsed for macros. Other lines are interpreted within the scope of -prior macros: +are called +.Dq macro lines . +The first word is the macro name. +It usually consists of two capital letters. +For a list of available macros, see +.Sx MACRO OVERVIEW . +The words following the macro name are arguments to the macro. +.Pp +Lines not beginning with the control character are called +.Dq text lines . +They provide free-form text to be printed; the formatting of the text +depends on the respective processing context: .Bd -literal -offset indent \&.SH Macro lines change control state. -Other lines are interpreted within the current state. +Text lines are interpreted within the current state. .Ed -.\" SECTION -.Sh INPUT ENCODING +.Pp +Many aspects of the basic syntax of the .Nm -documents may contain only graphable 7-bit ASCII characters, the -space character -.Sq \ , -and tabs -.Sq \et . -All manuals must have -.Ux -.Sq \en -line termination. +language are based on the +.Xr roff 7 +language; see the +.Em LANGUAGE SYNTAX +and +.Em MACRO SYNTAX +sections in the +.Xr roff 7 +manual for details, in particular regarding +comments, escape sequences, whitespace, and quoting. +.Sh MANUAL STRUCTURE +Each +.Nm +document must contain the +.Sx \&TH +macro describing the document's section and title. +It may occur anywhere in the document, although conventionally it +appears as the first macro. .Pp -Blank lines are acceptable; where found, the output will assert a -vertical space. +Beyond +.Sx \&TH , +at least one macro or text line must appear in the document. .Pp -The -.Sq \ec -escape is common in historical +The following is a well-formed skeleton .Nm -documents; if encountered at the end of a word, it ensures that the -subsequent word isn't off-set by whitespace. -.\" SUB-SECTION -.Ss Comments -Anything following a -.Sq \e" -delimiter is considered a comment (unless the -.Sq \e -itself has been escaped) and is ignored to the end of line. -Furthermore, a macro line with only a control character -.Sq \. , -optionally followed by whitespace, is ignored. -.\" SUB-SECTION -.Ss Special Characters -Special character sequences begin with the escape character -.Sq \e -followed by either an open-parenthesis -.Sq \&( -for two-character sequences; an open-bracket -.Sq \&[ -for n-character sequences (terminated at a close-bracket -.Sq \&] ) ; -or a single one-character sequence. +file for a utility +.Qq progname : +.Bd -literal -offset indent +\&.TH PROGNAME 1 2009-10-10 +\&.SH NAME +\efBprogname\efR \e(en a description goes here +\&.\e\(dq .SH LIBRARY +\&.\e\(dq For sections 2 & 3 only. +\&.\e\(dq Not used in OpenBSD. +\&.SH SYNOPSIS +\efBprogname\efR [\efB\e-options\efR] arguments... +\&.SH DESCRIPTION +The \efBfoo\efR utility processes files... +\&.\e\(dq .SH IMPLEMENTATION NOTES +\&.\e\(dq Not used in OpenBSD. +\&.\e\(dq .SH RETURN VALUES +\&.\e\(dq For sections 2, 3, & 9 only. +\&.\e\(dq .SH ENVIRONMENT +\&.\e\(dq For sections 1, 6, 7, & 8 only. +\&.\e\(dq .SH FILES +\&.\e\(dq .SH EXIT STATUS +\&.\e\(dq For sections 1, 6, & 8 only. +\&.\e\(dq .SH EXAMPLES +\&.\e\(dq .SH DIAGNOSTICS +\&.\e\(dq For sections 1, 4, 6, 7, & 8 only. +\&.\e\(dq .SH ERRORS +\&.\e\(dq For sections 2, 3, & 9 only. +\&.\e\(dq .SH SEE ALSO +\&.\e\(dq .BR foo ( 1 ) +\&.\e\(dq .SH STANDARDS +\&.\e\(dq .SH HISTORY +\&.\e\(dq .SH AUTHORS +\&.\e\(dq .SH CAVEATS +\&.\e\(dq .SH BUGS +\&.\e\(dq .SH SECURITY CONSIDERATIONS +\&.\e\(dq Not used in OpenBSD. +.Ed .Pp -Characters may alternatively be escaped by a slash-asterisk, -.Sq \e* , -with the same combinations as described above. This form is deprecated. -.\" SECTION -.Sh STRUCTURE -Macros are one to three three characters in length and begin with a -control character , -.Sq \&. , -at the beginning of the line. An arbitrary amount of whitespace may -sit between the control character and the macro name. Thus, -.Sq \&.PP +The sections in a +.Nm +document are conventionally ordered as they appear above. +Sections should be composed as follows: +.Bl -ohang -offset indent +.It Em NAME +The name(s) and a short description of the documented material. +The syntax for this is generally as follows: +.Pp +.D1 \efBname\efR \e(en description +.It Em LIBRARY +The name of the library containing the documented material, which is +assumed to be a function in a section 2 or 3 manual. +For functions in the C library, this may be as follows: +.Pp +.D1 Standard C Library (libc, -lc) +.It Em SYNOPSIS +Documents the utility invocation syntax, function call syntax, or device +configuration. +.Pp +For the first, utilities (sections 1, 6, and 8), this is +generally structured as follows: +.Pp +.D1 \efBname\efR [-\efBab\efR] [-\efBc\efR\efIarg\efR] \efBpath\efR... +.Pp +For the second, function calls (sections 2, 3, 9): +.Pp +.D1 \&.B char *name(char *\efIarg\efR); +.Pp +And for the third, configurations (section 4): +.Pp +.D1 \&.B name* at cardbus ? function ? +.Pp +Manuals not in these sections generally don't need a +.Em SYNOPSIS . +.It Em DESCRIPTION +This expands upon the brief, one-line description in +.Em NAME . +It usually contains a break-down of the options (if documenting a +command). +.It Em IMPLEMENTATION NOTES +Implementation-specific notes should be kept here. +This is useful when implementing standard functions that may have side +effects or notable algorithmic implications. +.It Em RETURN VALUES +This section documents the return values of functions in sections 2, 3, and 9. +.It Em ENVIRONMENT +Documents any usages of environment variables, e.g., +.Xr environ 7 . +.It Em FILES +Documents files used. +It's helpful to document both the file name and a short description of how +the file is used (created, modified, etc.). +.It Em EXIT STATUS +This section documents the command exit status for +section 1, 6, and 8 utilities. +Historically, this information was described in +.Em DIAGNOSTICS , +a practise that is now discouraged. +.It Em EXAMPLES +Example usages. +This often contains snippets of well-formed, +well-tested invocations. +Make sure that examples work properly! +.It Em DIAGNOSTICS +Documents error conditions. +This is most useful in section 4 manuals. +Historically, this section was used in place of +.Em EXIT STATUS +for manuals in sections 1, 6, and 8; however, this practise is +discouraged. +.It Em ERRORS +Documents error handling in sections 2, 3, and 9. +.It Em SEE ALSO +References other manuals with related topics. +This section should exist for most manuals. +.Pp +.D1 \&.BR bar \&( 1 \&), +.Pp +Cross-references should conventionally be ordered +first by section, then alphabetically. +.It Em STANDARDS +References any standards implemented or used, such as +.Pp +.D1 IEEE Std 1003.2 (\e(lqPOSIX.2\e(rq) +.Pp +If not adhering to any standards, the +.Em HISTORY +section should be used. +.It Em HISTORY +A brief history of the subject, including where support first appeared. +.It Em AUTHORS +Credits to the person or persons who wrote the code and/or documentation. +Authors should generally be noted by both name and email address. +.It Em CAVEATS +Common misuses and misunderstandings should be explained +in this section. +.It Em BUGS +Known bugs, limitations, and work-arounds should be described +in this section. +.It Em SECURITY CONSIDERATIONS +Documents any security precautions that operators should consider. +.El +.Sh MACRO OVERVIEW +This overview is sorted such that macros of similar purpose are listed +together, to help find the best macro for any given purpose. +Deprecated macros are not included in the overview, but can be found +in the alphabetical reference below. +.Ss Page header and footer meta-data +.Bl -column "PP, LP, P" description +.It Sx TH Ta set the title: Ar title section date Op Ar source Op Ar volume +.It Sx AT Ta display AT&T UNIX version in the page footer (<= 1 argument) +.It Sx UC Ta display BSD version in the page footer (<= 1 argument) +.El +.Ss Sections and paragraphs +.Bl -column "PP, LP, P" description +.It Sx SH Ta section header (one line) +.It Sx SS Ta subsection header (one line) +.It Sx PP , LP , P Ta start an undecorated paragraph (no arguments) +.It Sx RS , RE Ta reset the left margin: Op Ar width +.It Sx IP Ta indented paragraph: Op Ar head Op Ar width +.It Sx TP Ta tagged paragraph: Op Ar width +.It Sx HP Ta hanged paragraph: Op Ar width +.It Sx \&br Ta force output line break in text mode (no arguments) +.It Sx \&sp Ta force vertical space: Op Ar height +.It Sx fi , nf Ta fill mode and no-fill mode (no arguments) +.It Sx in Ta additional indent: Op Ar width +.El +.Ss Physical markup +.Bl -column "PP, LP, P" description +.It Sx B Ta boldface font +.It Sx I Ta italic font +.It Sx R Ta roman (default) font +.It Sx SB Ta small boldface font +.It Sx SM Ta small roman font +.It Sx BI Ta alternate between boldface and italic fonts +.It Sx BR Ta alternate between boldface and roman fonts +.It Sx IB Ta alternate between italic and boldface fonts +.It Sx IR Ta alternate between italic and roman fonts +.It Sx RB Ta alternate between roman and boldface fonts +.It Sx RI Ta alternate between roman and italic fonts +.El +.Sh MACRO REFERENCE +This section is a canonical reference to all macros, arranged +alphabetically. +For the scoping of individual macros, see +.Sx MACRO SYNTAX . +.Ss \&AT +Sets the volume for the footer for compatibility with man pages from +.Tn AT&T UNIX +releases. +The optional arguments specify which release it is from. +.Ss \&B +Text is rendered in bold face. +.Pp +See also +.Sx \&I and -.Sq \&.\ \ \ \&PP -are equivalent. +.Sx \&R . +.Ss \&BI +Text is rendered alternately in bold face and italic. +Thus, +.Sq .BI this word and that +causes +.Sq this +and +.Sq and +to render in bold face, while +.Sq word +and +.Sq that +render in italics. +Whitespace between arguments is omitted in output. .Pp -All -.Nm -macros follow the same structural rules: -.Bd -literal -offset indent -\&.YO \(lBbody...\(rB +Examples: +.Pp +.Dl \&.BI bold italic bold italic +.Pp +The output of this example will be emboldened +.Dq bold +and italicised +.Dq italic , +with spaces stripped between arguments. +.Pp +See also +.Sx \&IB , +.Sx \&BR , +.Sx \&RB , +.Sx \&RI , +and +.Sx \&IR . +.Ss \&BR +Text is rendered alternately in bold face and roman (the default font). +Whitespace between arguments is omitted in output. +.Pp +See +.Sx \&BI +for an equivalent example. +.Pp +See also +.Sx \&BI , +.Sx \&IB , +.Sx \&RB , +.Sx \&RI , +and +.Sx \&IR . +.Ss \&DT +Has no effect. +Included for compatibility. +.Ss \&EE +This is a non-standard GNU extension, included only for compatibility. +In +.Xr mandoc 1 , +it does the same as +.Sx \&fi . +.Ss \&EX +This is a non-standard GNU extension, included only for compatibility. +In +.Xr mandoc 1 , +it does the same as +.Sx \&nf . +.Ss \&HP +Begin a paragraph whose initial output line is left-justified, but +subsequent output lines are indented, with the following syntax: +.Bd -filled -offset indent +.Pf \. Sx \&HP +.Op Cm width .Ed .Pp The -.Dq body -consists of zero or more arguments to the macro. +.Cm width +argument is a +.Xr roff 7 +scaling width. +If specified, it's saved for later paragraph left-margins; if unspecified, the +saved or default width is used. .Pp -.Nm -has a primitive notion of multi-line scope for the following macros: -.Sq \&.TM , -.Sq \&.SM , -.Sq \&.SB , -.Sq \&.BI , -.Sq \&.IB , -.Sq \&.BR , -.Sq \&.RB , -.Sq \&.R , -.Sq \&.B , -.Sq \&.I , -.Sq \&.IR +See also +.Sx \&IP , +.Sx \&LP , +.Sx \&P , +.Sx \&PP , and -.Sq \&.RI . -When these macros are invoked without arguments, the subsequent line is -considered a continuation of the macro. Thus: -.Bd -literal -offset indent -\&.RI -foo +.Sx \&TP . +.Ss \&I +Text is rendered in italics. +.Pp +See also +.Sx \&B +and +.Sx \&R . +.Ss \&IB +Text is rendered alternately in italics and bold face. +Whitespace between arguments is omitted in output. +.Pp +See +.Sx \&BI +for an equivalent example. +.Pp +See also +.Sx \&BI , +.Sx \&BR , +.Sx \&RB , +.Sx \&RI , +and +.Sx \&IR . +.Ss \&IP +Begin an indented paragraph with the following syntax: +.Bd -filled -offset indent +.Pf \. Sx \&IP +.Op Cm head Op Cm width .Ed .Pp -is equivalent to -.Sq \&.RI foo . -If two consecutive lines exhibit the latter behaviour, -an error is raised. Thus, the following is not acceptable: -.Bd -literal -offset indent -\&.RI -\&.I -Hello, world. +The +.Cm width +argument is a +.Xr roff 7 +scaling width defining the left margin. +It's saved for later paragraph left-margins; if unspecified, the saved or +default width is used. +.Pp +The +.Cm head +argument is used as a leading term, flushed to the left margin. +This is useful for bulleted paragraphs and so on. +.Pp +See also +.Sx \&HP , +.Sx \&LP , +.Sx \&P , +.Sx \&PP , +and +.Sx \&TP . +.Ss \&IR +Text is rendered alternately in italics and roman (the default font). +Whitespace between arguments is omitted in output. +.Pp +See +.Sx \&BI +for an equivalent example. +.Pp +See also +.Sx \&BI , +.Sx \&IB , +.Sx \&BR , +.Sx \&RB , +and +.Sx \&RI . +.Ss \&LP +Begin an undecorated paragraph. +The scope of a paragraph is closed by a subsequent paragraph, +sub-section, section, or end of file. +The saved paragraph left-margin width is reset to the default. +.Pp +See also +.Sx \&HP , +.Sx \&IP , +.Sx \&P , +.Sx \&PP , +and +.Sx \&TP . +.Ss \&OP +Optional command-line argument. +This is a non-standard GNU extension, included only for compatibility. +It has the following syntax: +.Bd -filled -offset indent +.Pf \. Sx \&OP +.Cm key Op Cm value .Ed .Pp The -.Sq \&.TP -macro is similar, but does not need an empty argument line to trigger -the behaviour. -.\" PARAGRAPH -.Sh MACROS -This section contains a complete list of all +.Cm key +is usually a command-line flag and +.Cm value +its argument. +.Ss \&P +Synonym for +.Sx \&LP . +.Pp +See also +.Sx \&HP , +.Sx \&IP , +.Sx \&LP , +.Sx \&PP , +and +.Sx \&TP . +.Ss \&PP +Synonym for +.Sx \&LP . +.Pp +See also +.Sx \&HP , +.Sx \&IP , +.Sx \&LP , +.Sx \&P , +and +.Sx \&TP . +.Ss \&R +Text is rendered in roman (the default font). +.Pp +See also +.Sx \&I +and +.Sx \&B . +.Ss \&RB +Text is rendered alternately in roman (the default font) and bold face. +Whitespace between arguments is omitted in output. +.Pp +See +.Sx \&BI +for an equivalent example. +.Pp +See also +.Sx \&BI , +.Sx \&IB , +.Sx \&BR , +.Sx \&RI , +and +.Sx \&IR . +.Ss \&RE +Explicitly close out the scope of a prior +.Sx \&RS . +The default left margin is restored to the state of the original +.Sx \&RS +invocation. +.Ss \&RI +Text is rendered alternately in roman (the default font) and italics. +Whitespace between arguments is omitted in output. +.Pp +See +.Sx \&BI +for an equivalent example. +.Pp +See also +.Sx \&BI , +.Sx \&IB , +.Sx \&BR , +.Sx \&RB , +and +.Sx \&IR . +.Ss \&RS +Temporarily reset the default left margin. +This has the following syntax: +.Bd -filled -offset indent +.Pf \. Sx \&RS +.Op Cm width +.Ed +.Pp +The +.Cm width +argument is a +.Xr roff 7 +scaling width. +If not specified, the saved or default width is used. +.Pp +See also +.Sx \&RE . +.Ss \&SB +Text is rendered in small size (one point smaller than the default font) +bold face. +.Ss \&SH +Begin a section. +The scope of a section is only closed by another section or the end of +file. +The paragraph left-margin width is reset to the default. +.Ss \&SM +Text is rendered in small size (one point smaller than the default +font). +.Ss \&SS +Begin a sub-section. +The scope of a sub-section is closed by a subsequent sub-section, +section, or end of file. +The paragraph left-margin width is reset to the default. +.Ss \&TH +Sets the title of the manual page with the following syntax: +.Bd -filled -offset indent +.Pf \. Sx \&TH +.Ar title section date +.Op Ar source Op Ar volume +.Ed +.Pp +Conventionally, the document +.Ar title +is given in all caps. +The recommended +.Ar date +format is +.Sy YYYY-MM-DD +as specified in the ISO-8601 standard; +if the argument does not conform, it is printed verbatim. +If the +.Ar date +is empty or not specified, the current date is used. +The optional +.Ar source +string specifies the organisation providing the utility. +The +.Ar volume +string replaces the default rendered volume, which is dictated by the +manual section. +.Pp +Examples: +.Pp +.Dl \&.TH CVS 5 "1992-02-12" GNU +.Ss \&TP +Begin a paragraph where the head, if exceeding the indentation width, is +followed by a newline; if not, the body follows on the same line after a +buffer to the indentation width. +Subsequent output lines are indented. +The syntax is as follows: +.Bd -filled -offset indent +.Pf \. Sx \&TP +.Op Cm width +.Ed +.Pp +The +.Cm width +argument is a +.Xr roff 7 +scaling width. +If specified, it's saved for later paragraph left-margins; if +unspecified, the saved or default width is used. +.Pp +See also +.Sx \&HP , +.Sx \&IP , +.Sx \&LP , +.Sx \&P , +and +.Sx \&PP . +.Ss \&UC +Sets the volume for the footer for compatibility with man pages from +BSD releases. +The optional first argument specifies which release it is from. +.Ss \&br +Breaks the current line. +Consecutive invocations have no further effect. +.Pp +See also +.Sx \&sp . +.Ss \&fi +End literal mode begun by +.Sx \&nf . +.Ss \&ft +Change the current font mode. +See +.Sx Text Decoration +for a listing of available font modes. +.Ss \&in +Indent relative to the current indentation: +.Pp +.D1 Pf \. Sx \&in Op Cm width +.Pp +If +.Cm width +is signed, the new offset is relative. +Otherwise, it is absolute. +This value is reset upon the next paragraph, section, or sub-section. +.Ss \&na +Don't align to the right margin. +.Ss \&nf +Begin literal mode: all subsequent free-form lines have their end of +line boundaries preserved. +May be ended by +.Sx \&fi . +Literal mode is implicitly ended by +.Sx \&SH +or +.Sx \&SS . +.Ss \&sp +Insert vertical spaces into output with the following syntax: +.Bd -filled -offset indent +.Pf \. Sx \&sp +.Op Cm height +.Ed +.Pp +The +.Cm height +argument is a scaling width as described in +.Xr roff 7 . +If 0, this is equivalent to the +.Sx \&br +macro. +Defaults to 1, if unspecified. +.Pp +See also +.Sx \&br . +.Sh MACRO SYNTAX +The .Nm -macros and corresponding number of arguments. +macros are classified by scope: line scope or block scope. +Line macros are only scoped to the current line (and, in some +situations, the subsequent line). +Block macros are scoped to the current line and subsequent lines until +closed by another block macro. +.Ss Line Macros +Line macros are generally scoped to the current line, with the body +consisting of zero or more arguments. +If a macro is scoped to the next line and the line arguments are empty, +the next line, which must be text, is used instead. +Thus: +.Bd -literal -offset indent +\&.I +foo +.Ed .Pp -.Bl -column "MacroX" "Arguments" -compact -offset indent -.It Em Macro Ta Em Arguments -.It \&.TH Ta >1, <6 -.It \&.SH Ta >0 -.It \&.SS Ta >0 -.It \&.TP Ta n -.It \&.LP Ta 0 -.It \&.PP Ta 0 -.It \&.P Ta 0 -.It \&.IP Ta <3 -.It \&.HP Ta <2 -.It \&.SM Ta n -.It \&.SB Ta n -.It \&.BI Ta n -.It \&.IB Ta n -.It \&.BR Ta n -.It \&.RB Ta n -.It \&.R Ta n -.It \&.B Ta n -.It \&.I Ta n -.It \&.IR Ta n -.It \&.RI Ta n +is equivalent to +.Sq \&.I foo . +If next-line macros are invoked consecutively, only the last is used. +If a next-line macro is followed by a non-next-line macro, an error is +raised, except for +.Sx \&br , +.Sx \&sp , +and +.Sx \&na . +.Pp +The syntax is as follows: +.Bd -literal -offset indent +\&.YO \(lBbody...\(rB +\(lBbody...\(rB +.Ed +.Bl -column "MacroX" "ArgumentsX" "ScopeXXXXX" "CompatX" -offset indent +.It Em Macro Ta Em Arguments Ta Em Scope Ta Em Notes +.It Sx \&AT Ta <=1 Ta current Ta \& +.It Sx \&B Ta n Ta next-line Ta \& +.It Sx \&BI Ta n Ta current Ta \& +.It Sx \&BR Ta n Ta current Ta \& +.It Sx \&DT Ta 0 Ta current Ta \& +.It Sx \&I Ta n Ta next-line Ta \& +.It Sx \&IB Ta n Ta current Ta \& +.It Sx \&IR Ta n Ta current Ta \& +.It Sx \&OP Ta 0, 1 Ta current Ta compat +.It Sx \&R Ta n Ta next-line Ta \& +.It Sx \&RB Ta n Ta current Ta \& +.It Sx \&RI Ta n Ta current Ta \& +.It Sx \&SB Ta n Ta next-line Ta \& +.It Sx \&SM Ta n Ta next-line Ta \& +.It Sx \&TH Ta >1, <6 Ta current Ta \& +.It Sx \&UC Ta <=1 Ta current Ta \& +.It Sx \&br Ta 0 Ta current Ta compat +.It Sx \&fi Ta 0 Ta current Ta compat +.It Sx \&ft Ta 1 Ta current Ta compat +.It Sx \&in Ta 1 Ta current Ta compat +.It Sx \&na Ta 0 Ta current Ta compat +.It Sx \&nf Ta 0 Ta current Ta compat +.It Sx \&sp Ta 1 Ta current Ta compat .El .Pp -Although not historically part of the +Macros marked as +.Qq compat +are included for compatibility with the significant corpus of existing +manuals that mix dialects of roff. +These macros should not be used for portable .Nm -system, the following macros are also supported: +manuals. +.Ss Block Macros +Block macros comprise a head and body. +As with in-line macros, the head is scoped to the current line and, in +one circumstance, the next line (the next-line stipulations as in +.Sx Line Macros +apply here as well). .Pp -.Bl -column "MacroX" "Arguments" -compact -offset indent -.It Em Macro Ta Em Arguments -.It \&.br Ta 0 -.It \&.i Ta n +The syntax is as follows: +.Bd -literal -offset indent +\&.YO \(lBhead...\(rB +\(lBhead...\(rB +\(lBbody...\(rB +.Ed +.Pp +The closure of body scope may be to the section, where a macro is closed +by +.Sx \&SH ; +sub-section, closed by a section or +.Sx \&SS ; +part, closed by a section, sub-section, or +.Sx \&RE ; +or paragraph, closed by a section, sub-section, part, +.Sx \&HP , +.Sx \&IP , +.Sx \&LP , +.Sx \&P , +.Sx \&PP , +or +.Sx \&TP . +No closure refers to an explicit block closing macro. +.Pp +As a rule, block macros may not be nested; thus, calling a block macro +while another block macro scope is open, and the open scope is not +implicitly closed, is syntactically incorrect. +.Bl -column "MacroX" "ArgumentsX" "Head ScopeX" "sub-sectionX" "compatX" -offset indent +.It Em Macro Ta Em Arguments Ta Em Head Scope Ta Em Body Scope Ta Em Notes +.It Sx \&HP Ta <2 Ta current Ta paragraph Ta \& +.It Sx \&IP Ta <3 Ta current Ta paragraph Ta \& +.It Sx \&LP Ta 0 Ta current Ta paragraph Ta \& +.It Sx \&P Ta 0 Ta current Ta paragraph Ta \& +.It Sx \&PP Ta 0 Ta current Ta paragraph Ta \& +.It Sx \&RE Ta 0 Ta current Ta none Ta compat +.It Sx \&RS Ta 1 Ta current Ta part Ta compat +.It Sx \&SH Ta >0 Ta next-line Ta section Ta \& +.It Sx \&SS Ta >0 Ta next-line Ta sub-section Ta \& +.It Sx \&TP Ta n Ta next-line Ta paragraph Ta \& .El .Pp -These follow the same calling conventions as the above +Macros marked +.Qq compat +are as mentioned in +.Sx Line Macros . +.Pp +If a block macro is next-line scoped, it may only be followed by in-line +macros for decorating text. +.Ss Font handling +In .Nm -macros. -.\" SECTION +documents, both +.Sx Physical markup +macros and +.Xr roff 7 +.Ql \ef +font escape sequences can be used to choose fonts. +In text lines, the effect of manual font selection by escape sequences +only lasts until the next macro invocation; in macro lines, it only lasts +until the end of the macro scope. +Note that macros like +.Sx \&BR +open and close a font scope for each argument. +.Sh COMPATIBILITY +This section documents areas of questionable portability between +implementations of the +.Nm +language. +.Pp +.Bl -dash -compact +.It +Do not depend on +.Sx \&SH +or +.Sx \&SS +to close out a literal context opened with +.Sx \&nf . +This behaviour may not be portable. +.It +In quoted literals, GNU troff allowed pair-wise double-quotes to produce +a standalone double-quote in formatted output. +It is not known whether this behaviour is exhibited by other formatters. +.It +troff suppresses a newline before +.Sq \(aq +macro output; in mandoc, it is an alias for the standard +.Sq \&. +control character. +.It +The +.Sq \eh +.Pq horizontal position , +.Sq \ev +.Pq vertical position , +.Sq \em +.Pq text colour , +.Sq \eM +.Pq text filling colour , +.Sq \ez +.Pq zero-length character , +.Sq \ew +.Pq string length , +.Sq \ek +.Pq horizontal position marker , +.Sq \eo +.Pq text overstrike , +and +.Sq \es +.Pq text size +escape sequences are all discarded in mandoc. +.It +The +.Sq \ef +scaling unit is accepted by mandoc, but rendered as the default unit. +.It +The +.Sx \&sp +macro does not accept negative values in mandoc. +In GNU troff, this would result in strange behaviour. +.It +In page header lines, GNU troff versions up to and including 1.21 +only print +.Ar volume +names explicitly specified in the +.Sx \&TH +macro; mandoc and newer groff print the default volume name +corresponding to the +.Ar section +number when no +.Ar volume +is given, like in +.Xr mdoc 7 . +.El +.Pp +The +.Sx OP +macro is part of the extended +.Nm +macro set, and may not be portable to non-GNU troff implementations. .Sh SEE ALSO +.Xr man 1 , .Xr mandoc 1 , -.Xr mandoc_char 7 -.\" SECTION -.Sh AUTHORS +.Xr eqn 7 , +.Xr mandoc_char 7 , +.Xr mdoc 7 , +.Xr roff 7 , +.Xr tbl 7 +.Sh HISTORY The .Nm -utility was written by -.An Kristaps Dzonsons Aq kristaps@kth.se . -.\" SECTION +language first appeared as a macro package for the roff typesetting +system in +.At v7 . +It was later rewritten by James Clark as a macro package for groff. +Eric S. Raymond wrote the extended +.Nm +macros for groff in 2007. +The stand-alone implementation that is part of the +.Xr mandoc 1 +utility written by Kristaps Dzonsons appeared in +.Ox 4.6 . +.Sh AUTHORS +This +.Nm +reference was written by +.An Kristaps Dzonsons , +.Mt kristaps@bsd.lv . .Sh CAVEATS -Do not use this language. Use +Do not use this language. +Use .Xr mdoc 7 , instead.