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Diff for /mandoc/man.7 between version 1.38 and 1.58

version 1.38, 2009/10/18 19:00:57 version 1.58, 2010/03/25 07:28:16
Line 67  line termination.
Line 67  line termination.
 Blank lines are acceptable; where found, the output will assert a  Blank lines are acceptable; where found, the output will assert a
 vertical space.  vertical space.
 .  .
 .Pp  
 The  
 .Sq \ec  
 escape is common in historical  
 .Nm  
 documents; if encountered at the end of a word, it ensures that the  
 subsequent word isn't off-set by whitespace.  
 .  .
 .  
 .Ss Comments  .Ss Comments
 Text following a  Text following a
 .Sq \e\*" ,  .Sq \e\*" ,
 whether in a macro or free-form text line, is ignored to the end of  whether in a macro or free-form text line, is ignored to the end of
 line.  A macro line with only a control character and comment escape,  line.  A macro line with only a control character and comment escape,
 .Sq \&.\e" ,  .Sq \&.\e" ,
 is also ignored.  Macro lines with only a control charater and  is also ignored.  Macro lines with only a control character and
 optionally whitespace are stripped from input.  optionally whitespace are stripped from input.
 .  .
 .  .
Line 109  and
Line 101  and
 .Ss Text Decoration  .Ss Text Decoration
 Terms may be text-decorated using the  Terms may be text-decorated using the
 .Sq \ef  .Sq \ef
 escape followed by an indicator: B (bold), I, (italic), or P and R  escape followed by an indicator: B (bold), I, (italic), R (Roman), or P
 (Roman, or reset).  (revert to previous mode):
   .Pp
   .D1 \efBbold\efR \efIitalic\efP
   .Pp
   A numerical representation 3, 2, or 1 (bold, italic, and Roman,
   respectively) may be used instead.  A text decoration is only valid, if
   specified in free-form text, until the next macro invocation; if
   specified within a macro, it's only valid until the macro closes scope.
   Note that macros like
   .Sx \&BR
   open and close a font scope with each argument.
   .Pp
   Text may also be sized with the
   .Sq \es
   escape, whose syntax is one of
   .Sq \es+-n
   for one-digit numerals;
   .Sq \es(+-nn
   or
   .Sq \es+-(nn
   for two-digit numerals; and
   .Sq \es[+-N] ,
   .Sq \es+-[N] ,
   .Sq \es'+-N' ,
   or
   .Sq \es+-'N'
   for arbitrary-digit numerals:
   .Pp
   .D1 \es+1bigger\es-1
   .D1 \es[+10]much bigger\es[-10]
   .D1 \es+(10much bigger\es-(10
   .D1 \es+'100'much much bigger\es-'100'
   .Pp
   Both
   .Sq \es
   and
   .Sq \ef
   attributes are forgotten when entering or exiting a macro block.
 .  .
 .  .
 .Ss Whitespace  .Ss Whitespace
Line 119  from input.  These are later re-added, if applicable, 
Line 148  from input.  These are later re-added, if applicable, 
 utility such as  utility such as
 .Xr mandoc 1 .  .Xr mandoc 1 .
 .  .
   .
   .Ss Dates
   The
   .Sx \&TH
   macro is the only
   .Nm
   macro that requires a date.  The form for this date is the ISO-8601
   standard
   .Cm YYYY-MM-DD .
   .
   .
 .Ss Scaling Widths  .Ss Scaling Widths
 Many macros support scaled widths for their arguments, such as  Many macros support scaled widths for their arguments, such as
 stipulating a two-inch paragraph indentation with the following:  stipulating a two-inch paragraph indentation with the following:
Line 170  Using anything other than
Line 210  Using anything other than
 .Sq u ,  .Sq u ,
 or  or
 .Sq v  .Sq v
 is necessarily non-portable across output media.  See  is necessarily non-portable across output media.
 .Sx COMPATIBILITY .  
 .  .
 .Pp  .Pp
 If a scaling unit is not provided, the numerical value is interpreted  If a scaling unit is not provided, the numerical value is interpreted
Line 191  literal text.
Line 230  literal text.
 Each  Each
 .Nm  .Nm
 document must contain contains at least the  document must contain contains at least the
 .Sq TH  .Sx \&TH
 macro describing the document's section and title.  It may occur  macro describing the document's section and title.  It may occur
 anywhere in the document, although conventionally, it appears as the  anywhere in the document, although conventionally, it appears as the
 first macro.  first macro.
 .  .
 .Pp  .Pp
 Beyond  Beyond
 .Sq TH ,  .Sx \&TH ,
 at least one macro or text node must appear in the document.  Documents  at least one macro or text node must appear in the document.  Documents
 are generally structured as follows:  are generally structured as follows:
 .Bd -literal -offset indent  .Bd -literal -offset indent
 \&.TH FOO 1 "13 Aug 2009"  \&.TH FOO 1 2009-10-10
 \&.  \&.
 \&.SH NAME  \&.SH NAME
 \efBfoo\efR \e(en a description goes here  \efBfoo\efR \e(en a description goes here
Line 229  The \efBfoo\efR utility processes files...
Line 268  The \efBfoo\efR utility processes files...
 \&.\e\*q The next is for sections 2, 3, & 9 only.  \&.\e\*q The next is for sections 2, 3, & 9 only.
 \&.\e\*q .SH ERRORS  \&.\e\*q .SH ERRORS
 \&.\e\*q .SH SEE ALSO  \&.\e\*q .SH SEE ALSO
 \&.\e\*q \efBbar\efR(1)  \&.\e\*q .BR foo ( 1 )
 \&.\e\*q .SH STANDARDS  \&.\e\*q .SH STANDARDS
 \&.\e\*q .SH HISTORY  \&.\e\*q .SH HISTORY
 \&.\e\*q .SH AUTHORS  \&.\e\*q .SH AUTHORS
Line 237  The \efBfoo\efR utility processes files...
Line 276  The \efBfoo\efR utility processes files...
 \&.\e\*q .SH BUGS  \&.\e\*q .SH BUGS
 \&.\e\*q .SH SECURITY CONSIDERATIONS  \&.\e\*q .SH SECURITY CONSIDERATIONS
 .Ed  .Ed
   .Pp
   The sections in a
   .Nm
   document are conventionally ordered as they appear above.  Sections
   should be composed as follows:
   .Bl -ohang -offset indent
   .It Em NAME
   The name(s) and a short description of the documented material.  The
   syntax for this is generally as follows:
   .Pp
   .D1 \efBname\efR \e(en description
   .It Em LIBRARY
   The name of the library containing the documented material, which is
   assumed to be a function in a section 2 or 3 manual.  For functions in
   the C library, this may be as follows:
   .Pp
   .D1 Standard C Library (libc, -lc)
   .It Em SYNOPSIS
   Documents the utility invocation syntax, function call syntax, or device
   configuration.
   .Pp
   For the first, utilities (sections 1, 6, and 8), this is
   generally structured as follows:
   .Pp
   .D1 \efBname\efR [-\efBab\efR] [-\efBc\efR\efIarg\efR] \efBpath\efR...
   .Pp
   For the second, function calls (sections 2, 3, 9):
   .Pp
   .D1 \&.B char *name(char *\efIarg\efR);
   .Pp
   And for the third, configurations (section 4):
   .Pp
   .D1 \&.B name* at cardbus ? function ?
   .Pp
   Manuals not in these sections generally don't need a
   .Em SYNOPSIS .
   .It Em DESCRIPTION
   This expands upon the brief, one-line description in
   .Em NAME .
   It usually contains a break-down of the options (if documenting a
   command).
   .It Em IMPLEMENTATION NOTES
   Implementation-specific notes should be kept here.  This is useful when
   implementing standard functions that may have side effects or notable
   algorithmic implications.
   .It Em EXIT STATUS
   Command exit status for section 1, 6, and 8 manuals.  This section is
   the dual of
   .Em RETURN VALUES ,
   which is used for functions.  Historically, this information was
   described in
   .Em DIAGNOSTICS ,
   a practise that is now discouraged.
 .  .
   .It Em RETURN VALUES
   This section is the dual of
   .Em EXIT STATUS ,
   which is used for commands.  It documents the return values of functions
   in sections 2, 3, and 9.
 .  .
   .It Em ENVIRONMENT
   Documents any usages of environment variables, e.g.,
   .Xr environ 7 .
   .
   .It Em FILES
   Documents files used.  It's helpful to document both the file and a
   short description of how the file is used (created, modified, etc.).
   .
   .It Em EXAMPLES
   Example usages.  This often contains snippets of well-formed,
   well-tested invocations.  Make doubly sure that your examples work
   properly!
   .
   .It Em DIAGNOSTICS
   Documents error conditions.  This is most useful in section 4 manuals.
   Historically, this section was used in place of
   .Em EXIT STATUS
   for manuals in sections 1, 6, and 8; however, this practise is
   discouraged.
   .
   .It Em ERRORS
   Documents error handling in sections 2, 3, and 9.
   .
   .It Em SEE ALSO
   References other manuals with related topics.  This section should exist
   for most manuals.
   .Pp
   .D1 \&.BR bar \&( 1 \&),
   .Pp
   Cross-references should conventionally be ordered
   first by section, then alphabetically.
   .
   .It Em STANDARDS
   References any standards implemented or used, such as
   .Pp
   .D1 IEEE Std 1003.2 (\e(lqPOSIX.2\e(rq)
   .Pp
   If not adhering to any standards, the
   .Em HISTORY
   section should be used.
   .
   .It Em HISTORY
   The history of any manual without a
   .Em STANDARDS
   section should be described in this section.
   .
   .It Em AUTHORS
   Credits to authors, if applicable, should appear in this section.
   Authors should generally be noted by both name and an e-mail address.
   .
   .It Em CAVEATS
   Explanations of common misuses and misunderstandings should be explained
   in this section.
   .
   .It Em BUGS
   Extant bugs should be described in this section.
   .
   .It Em SECURITY CONSIDERATIONS
   Documents any security precautions that operators should consider.
   .
   .El
   .
   .
 .Sh MACRO SYNTAX  .Sh MACRO SYNTAX
 Macros are one to three three characters in length and begin with a  Macros are one to three three characters in length and begin with a
 control character ,  control character ,
 .Sq \&. ,  .Sq \&. ,
 at the beginning of the line.  An arbitrary amount of whitespace may  at the beginning of the line.  An arbitrary amount of whitespace may
 sit between the control character and the macro name.  Thus,  sit between the control character and the macro name.  Thus, the
 .Sq .PP  following are equivalent:
 and  .Bd -literal -offset indent
 .Sq \&.\ \ \ PP  \&.PP
 are equivalent.  \&.\ \ \ PP
   .Ed
 .  .
 .Pp  .Pp
 The  The
Line 262  subsequent lines until closed by another block macro.
Line 423  subsequent lines until closed by another block macro.
 .Ss Line Macros  .Ss Line Macros
 Line macros are generally scoped to the current line, with the body  Line macros are generally scoped to the current line, with the body
 consisting of zero or more arguments.  If a macro is scoped to the next  consisting of zero or more arguments.  If a macro is scoped to the next
 line and the line arguments are empty, the next line is used instead,  line and the line arguments are empty, the next line, which must be
 else the general syntax is used.  Thus:  text, is used instead.  Thus:
 .Bd -literal -offset indent  .Bd -literal -offset indent
 \&.I  \&.I
 foo  foo
Line 273  foo
Line 434  foo
 is equivalent to  is equivalent to
 .Sq \&.I foo .  .Sq \&.I foo .
 If next-line macros are invoked consecutively, only the last is used.  If next-line macros are invoked consecutively, only the last is used.
 If a next-line macro is proceded by a block macro, it is ignored.  If a next-line macro is followed by a non-next-line macro, an error is
   raised (unless in the case of
   .Sx \&br ,
   .Sx \&sp ,
   .Sx \&Sp ,
   or
   .Sx \&na ) .
   .Pp
   The syntax is as follows:
 .Bd -literal -offset indent  .Bd -literal -offset indent
 \&.YO \(lBbody...\(rB  \&.YO \(lBbody...\(rB
 \(lBbody...\(rB  \(lBbody...\(rB
 .Ed  .Ed
 .  .
 .Pp  .Pp
 .Bl -column -compact -offset indent "MacroX" "ArgumentsX" "ScopeXXXXX"  .Bl -column -compact -offset indent "MacroX" "ArgumentsX" "ScopeXXXXX" "CompatX"
 .It Em Macro Ta Em Arguments Ta Em Scope  .It Em Macro Ta Em Arguments Ta Em Scope     Ta Em Notes
 .It    B     Ta    n         Ta    next-line  .It Sx \&B   Ta    n         Ta    next-line Ta    \&
 .It    BI    Ta    n         Ta    current  .It Sx \&BI  Ta    n         Ta    current   Ta    \&
 .It    BR    Ta    n         Ta    current  .It Sx \&BR  Ta    n         Ta    current   Ta    \&
 .It    DT    Ta    0         Ta    current  .It Sx \&DT  Ta    0         Ta    current   Ta    \&
 .It    I     Ta    n         Ta    next-line  .It Sx \&I   Ta    n         Ta    next-line Ta    \&
 .It    IB    Ta    n         Ta    current  .It Sx \&IB  Ta    n         Ta    current   Ta    \&
 .It    IR    Ta    n         Ta    current  .It Sx \&IR  Ta    n         Ta    current   Ta    \&
 .It    R     Ta    n         Ta    next-line  .\" .It Sx \&PD  Ta    n         Ta    current   Ta    compat
 .It    RB    Ta    n         Ta    current  .It Sx \&R   Ta    n         Ta    next-line Ta    \&
 .It    RI    Ta    n         Ta    current  .It Sx \&RB  Ta    n         Ta    current   Ta    \&
 .It    SB    Ta    n         Ta    next-line  .It Sx \&RI  Ta    n         Ta    current   Ta    \&
 .It    SM    Ta    n         Ta    next-line  .It Sx \&SB  Ta    n         Ta    next-line Ta    \&
 .It    TH    Ta    >1, <6    Ta    current  .It Sx \&SM  Ta    n         Ta    next-line Ta    \&
 .It    UC    Ta    n         Ta    current  .It Sx \&TH  Ta    >1, <6    Ta    current   Ta    \&
 .It    br    Ta    0         Ta    current  .\" .It Sx \&UC  Ta    n         Ta    current   Ta    compat
 .It    fi    Ta    0         Ta    current  .It Sx \&br  Ta    0         Ta    current   Ta    compat
 .It    i     Ta    n         Ta    current  .It Sx \&fi  Ta    0         Ta    current   Ta    compat
 .It    na    Ta    0         Ta    current  .It Sx \&i   Ta    n         Ta    current   Ta    compat
 .It    nf    Ta    0         Ta    current  .It Sx \&na  Ta    0         Ta    current   Ta    compat
 .It    r     Ta    0         Ta    current  .It Sx \&nf  Ta    0         Ta    current   Ta    compat
 .It    sp    Ta    1         Ta    current  .It Sx \&r   Ta    0         Ta    current   Ta    compat
   .It Sx \&sp  Ta    1         Ta    current   Ta    compat
   .\" .It Sx \&Sp  Ta    0         Ta    current   Ta    compat
   .\" .It Sx \&Vb  Ta    <1        Ta    current   Ta    compat
   .\" .It Sx \&Ve  Ta    0         Ta    current   Ta    compat
 .El  .El
 .  .
 .Pp  .Pp
 The  Macros marked as
 .Sq RS ,  .Qq compat
 .Sq RE ,  are included for compatibility with the significant corpus of existing
 .Sq UC ,  manuals that mix dialects of roff.  These macros should not be used for
 .Sq br ,  portable
 .Sq fi ,  .Nm
 .Sq i ,  manuals.
 .Sq na ,  
 .Sq nf ,  
 .Sq r ,  
 and  
 .Sq sp  
 macros should not be used.  They're included for compatibility.  
 .  .
 .  .
 .Ss Block Macros  .Ss Block Macros
 Block macros are comprised of a head and body.  Like for in-line macros,  Block macros are comprised of a head and body.  Like for in-line macros,
 the head is scoped to the current line and, in one circumstance, the  the head is scoped to the current line and, in one circumstance, the
 next line; the body is scoped to subsequent lines and is closed out by a  next line (the next-line stipulations as in
 subsequent block macro invocation.  .Sx Line Macros
   apply here as well).
   .Pp
   The syntax is as follows:
 .Bd -literal -offset indent  .Bd -literal -offset indent
 \&.YO \(lBhead...\(rB  \&.YO \(lBhead...\(rB
 \(lBhead...\(rB  \(lBhead...\(rB
Line 335  subsequent block macro invocation.
Line 505  subsequent block macro invocation.
 .Pp  .Pp
 The closure of body scope may be to the section, where a macro is closed  The closure of body scope may be to the section, where a macro is closed
 by  by
 .Sq SH ;  .Sx \&SH ;
 sub-section, closed by a section or  sub-section, closed by a section or
 .Sq SS ;  .Sx \&SS ;
 part, closed by a section, sub-section, or  part, closed by a section, sub-section, or
 .Sq RE ;  .Sx \&RE ;
 or paragraph, closed by a section, sub-section, part,  or paragraph, closed by a section, sub-section, part,
 .Sq HP ,  .Sx \&HP ,
 .Sq IP ,  .Sx \&IP ,
 .Sq LP ,  .Sx \&LP ,
 .Sq P ,  .Sx \&P ,
 .Sq PP ,  .Sx \&PP ,
 or  or
 .Sq TP .  .Sx \&TP .
 No closure refers to an explicit block closing macro.  No closure refers to an explicit block closing macro.
 .  .
 .Pp  .Pp
 .Bl -column "MacroX" "ArgumentsX" "Head ScopeX" "sub-sectionX" -compact -offset indent  As a rule, block macros may not be nested; thus, calling a block macro
 .It Em Macro Ta Em Arguments Ta Em Head Scope Ta Em Body Scope  while another block macro scope is open, and the open scope is not
 .It   HP     Ta    <2        Ta    current    Ta    paragraph  implicitly closed, is syntactically incorrect.
 .It   IP     Ta    <3        Ta    current    Ta    paragraph  .
 .It   LP     Ta    0         Ta    current    Ta    paragraph  .Pp
 .It   P      Ta    0         Ta    current    Ta    paragraph  .Bl -column -compact -offset indent "MacroX" "ArgumentsX" "Head ScopeX" "sub-sectionX" "compatX"
 .It   PP     Ta    0         Ta    current    Ta    paragraph  .It Em Macro Ta Em Arguments Ta Em Head Scope Ta Em Body Scope  Ta Em Notes
 .It   RE     Ta    0         Ta    current    Ta    none  .It Sx \&HP  Ta    <2        Ta    current    Ta    paragraph   Ta    \&
 .It   RS     Ta    1         Ta    current    Ta    part  .It Sx \&IP  Ta    <3        Ta    current    Ta    paragraph   Ta    \&
 .It   SH     Ta    >0        Ta    next-line  Ta    section  .It Sx \&LP  Ta    0         Ta    current    Ta    paragraph   Ta    \&
 .It   SS     Ta    >0        Ta    next-line  Ta    sub-section  .It Sx \&P   Ta    0         Ta    current    Ta    paragraph   Ta    \&
 .It   TP     Ta    n         Ta    next-line  Ta    paragraph  .It Sx \&PP  Ta    0         Ta    current    Ta    paragraph   Ta    \&
   .It Sx \&RE  Ta    0         Ta    current    Ta    none        Ta    compat
   .It Sx \&RS  Ta    1         Ta    current    Ta    part        Ta    compat
   .It Sx \&SH  Ta    >0        Ta    next-line  Ta    section     Ta    \&
   .It Sx \&SS  Ta    >0        Ta    next-line  Ta    sub-section Ta    \&
   .It Sx \&TP  Ta    n         Ta    next-line  Ta    paragraph   Ta    \&
 .El  .El
   .Pp
 .  .
   Macros marked
   .Qq compat
   are as mentioned in
   .Sx Line Macros .
   .
 .Pp  .Pp
 If a block macro is next-line scoped, it may only be followed by in-line  If a block macro is next-line scoped, it may only be followed by in-line
 macros (excluding  macros for decorating text.
 .Sq DT ,  
 .Sq TH ,  
 .Sq UC ,  
 .Sq br ,  
 .Sq na ,  
 .Sq sp ,  
 .Sq nf ,  
 and  
 .Sq fi ) .  
 .  .
 .  .
 .Sh REFERENCE  .Sh REFERENCE
Line 384  This section is a canonical reference to all macros, a
Line 556  This section is a canonical reference to all macros, a
 alphabetically.  For the scoping of individual macros, see  alphabetically.  For the scoping of individual macros, see
 .Sx MACRO SYNTAX .  .Sx MACRO SYNTAX .
 .  .
 .Bl -tag -width Ds  .
 .It B  .Ss \&B
 Text is rendered in bold face.  Text is rendered in bold face.
 .It BI  .Pp
 Text is rendered alternately in bold face and italic.  Thus,  See also
   .Sx \&I ,
   .Sx \&R ,
   .Sx \&b ,
   .Sx \&i ,
   and
   .Sx \&r .
   .
   .
   .Ss \&BI
   Text is rendered alternately in bold face and italic.  Thus,
 .Sq .BI this word and that  .Sq .BI this word and that
 causes  causes
 .Sq this  .Sq this
 and  and
 .Sq and  .Sq and
 to render in bold face, while  to render in bold face, while
 .Sq word  .Sq word
 and  and
 .Sq that  .Sq that
 render in italics.  Whitespace between arguments is omitted in output.  render in italics.  Whitespace between arguments is omitted in output.
 .It BR  .Pp
   Examples:
   .Pp
   .D1 \&.BI bold italic bold italic
   .Pp
   The output of this example will be emboldened
   .Dq bold
   and italicised
   .Dq italic ,
   with spaces stripped between arguments.
   .Pp
   See also
   .Sx \&IB ,
   .Sx \&BR ,
   .Sx \&RB ,
   .Sx \&RI ,
   and
   .Sx \&IR .
   .
   .
   .Ss \&BR
 Text is rendered alternately in bold face and roman (the default font).  Text is rendered alternately in bold face and roman (the default font).
 Whitespace between arguments is omitted in output.  Whitespace between arguments is omitted in output.
 .It DT  .Pp
   See
   .Sx \&BI
   for an equivalent example.
   .Pp
   See also
   .Sx \&BI ,
   .Sx \&IB ,
   .Sx \&RB ,
   .Sx \&RI ,
   and
   .Sx \&IR .
   .
   .
   .Ss \&DT
 Has no effect.  Included for compatibility.  Has no effect.  Included for compatibility.
 .It HP  .
   .
   .Ss \&HP
 Begin a paragraph whose initial output line is left-justified, but  Begin a paragraph whose initial output line is left-justified, but
 subsequent output lines are indented, with the following syntax:  subsequent output lines are indented, with the following syntax:
 .Bd -literal -offset indent  .Bd -filled -offset indent
 \&.HP [width]  .Pf \. Sx \&HP
   .Op Cm width
 .Ed  .Ed
 .  
 .Pp  .Pp
 If scaling width  The
 .Va width  .Cm width
 is specified, it's saved for later paragraph left-margins; if  argument must conform to
 unspecified, the saved or default width is used.  .Sx Scaling Widths .
 .It I  If specified, it's saved for later paragraph left-margins; if unspecified, the
   saved or default width is used.
   .Pp
   See also
   .Sx \&IP ,
   .Sx \&LP ,
   .Sx \&P ,
   .Sx \&PP ,
   and
   .Sx \&TP .
   .
   .
   .Ss \&I
 Text is rendered in italics.  Text is rendered in italics.
 .It IB  .Pp
   See also
   .Sx \&B ,
   .Sx \&R ,
   .Sx \&b ,
   .Sx \&i ,
   and
   .Sx \&r .
   .
   .
   .Ss \&IB
 Text is rendered alternately in italics and bold face.  Whitespace  Text is rendered alternately in italics and bold face.  Whitespace
 between arguments is omitted in output.  between arguments is omitted in output.
 .It IP  .Pp
 Begin a paragraph with the following syntax:  See
 .Bd -literal -offset indent  .Sx \&BI
 \&.IP [head [width]]  for an equivalent example.
 .Ed  .Pp
   See also
   .Sx \&BI ,
   .Sx \&BR ,
   .Sx \&RB ,
   .Sx \&RI ,
   and
   .Sx \&IR .
 .  .
   .
   .Ss \&IP
   Begin an indented paragraph with the following syntax:
   .Bd -filled -offset indent
   .Pf \. Sx \&IP
   .Op Cm head Op Cm width
   .Ed
 .Pp  .Pp
 This follows the behaviour of the  The
 .Sq TP  .Cm width
 except for the macro syntax (all arguments on the line, instead of  argument defines the width of the left margin and is defined by
 having next-line scope).  If  .Sx Scaling Widths ,
 .Va width  It's saved for later paragraph left-margins; if unspecified, the saved or
 is specified, it's saved for later paragraph left-margins; if  default width is used.
 unspecified, the saved or default width is used.  .Pp
 .It IR  The
   .Cm head
   argument is used as a leading term, flushed to the left margin.  This is
   useful for bulleted paragraphs and so on.
   .Pp
   See also
   .Sx \&HP ,
   .Sx \&LP ,
   .Sx \&P ,
   .Sx \&PP ,
   and
   .Sx \&TP .
   .
   .
   .Ss \&IR
 Text is rendered alternately in italics and roman (the default font).  Text is rendered alternately in italics and roman (the default font).
 Whitespace between arguments is omitted in output.  Whitespace between arguments is omitted in output.
 .It LP, P, PP  .Pp
   See
   .Sx \&BI
   for an equivalent example.
   .Pp
   See also
   .Sx \&BI ,
   .Sx \&IB ,
   .Sx \&BR ,
   .Sx \&RB ,
   and
   .Sx \&RI .
   .
   .
   .Ss \&LP
 Begin an undecorated paragraph.  The scope of a paragraph is closed by a  Begin an undecorated paragraph.  The scope of a paragraph is closed by a
 subsequent paragraph, sub-section, section, or end of file.  The saved  subsequent paragraph, sub-section, section, or end of file.  The saved
 paragraph left-margin width is re-set to the default.  paragraph left-margin width is re-set to the default.
 .It R  .Pp
   See also
   .Sx \&HP ,
   .Sx \&IP ,
   .Sx \&P ,
   .Sx \&PP ,
   and
   .Sx \&TP .
   .
   .
   .Ss \&P
   Synonym for
   .Sx \&LP .
   .Pp
   See also
   .Sx \&HP ,
   .Sx \&IP ,
   .Sx \&LP ,
   .Sx \&PP ,
   and
   .Sx \&TP .
   .
   .
   .Ss \&PP
   Synonym for
   .Sx \&LP .
   .Pp
   See also
   .Sx \&HP ,
   .Sx \&IP ,
   .Sx \&LP ,
   .Sx \&P ,
   and
   .Sx \&TP .
   .
   .
   .Ss \&R
 Text is rendered in roman (the default font).  Text is rendered in roman (the default font).
 .It RB  .Pp
   See also
   .Sx \&I ,
   .Sx \&B ,
   .Sx \&b ,
   .Sx \&i ,
   and
   .Sx \&r .
   .
   .
   .Ss \&RB
 Text is rendered alternately in roman (the default font) and bold face.  Text is rendered alternately in roman (the default font) and bold face.
 Whitespace between arguments is omitted in output.  Whitespace between arguments is omitted in output.
 .It RE  .Pp
   See
   .Sx \&BI
   for an equivalent example.
   .Pp
   See also
   .Sx \&BI ,
   .Sx \&IB ,
   .Sx \&BR ,
   .Sx \&RI ,
   and
   .Sx \&IR .
   .
   .
   .Ss \&RE
 Explicitly close out the scope of a prior  Explicitly close out the scope of a prior
 .Sq RS .  .Sx \&RS .
 .It RI  .
   .
   .Ss \&RI
 Text is rendered alternately in roman (the default font) and italics.  Text is rendered alternately in roman (the default font) and italics.
 Whitespace between arguments is omitted in output.  Whitespace between arguments is omitted in output.
 .It RS  .Pp
   See
   .Sx \&BI
   for an equivalent example.
   .Pp
   See also
   .Sx \&BI ,
   .Sx \&IB ,
   .Sx \&BR ,
   .Sx \&RB ,
   and
   .Sx \&IR .
   .
   .
   .Ss \&RS
 Begin a part setting the left margin.  The left margin controls the  Begin a part setting the left margin.  The left margin controls the
 offset, following an initial indentation, to un-indented text such as  offset, following an initial indentation, to un-indented text such as
 that of  that of
 .Sq PP .  .Sx \&PP .
 A scaling width may be specified as following:  This has the following syntax:
 .Bd -literal -offset indent  .Bd -filled -offset indent
 \&.RS [width]  .Pf \. Sx \&Rs
   .Op Cm width
 .Ed  .Ed
 .  
 .Pp  .Pp
 If  The
 .Va width  .Cm width
 is not specified, the saved or default width is used.  argument must conform to
 .It SB  .Sx Scaling Widths .
   If not specified, the saved or default width is used.
   .
   .
   .Ss \&SB
 Text is rendered in small size (one point smaller than the default font)  Text is rendered in small size (one point smaller than the default font)
 bold face.  bold face.
 .It SH  .
   .
   .Ss \&SH
 Begin a section.  The scope of a section is only closed by another  Begin a section.  The scope of a section is only closed by another
 section or the end of file.  The paragraph left-margin width is re-set  section or the end of file.  The paragraph left-margin width is re-set
 to the default.  to the default.
 .It SM  .
   .
   .Ss \&SM
 Text is rendered in small size (one point smaller than the default  Text is rendered in small size (one point smaller than the default
 font).  font).
 .It SS  .
   .
   .Ss \&SS
 Begin a sub-section.  The scope of a sub-section is closed by a  Begin a sub-section.  The scope of a sub-section is closed by a
 subsequent sub-section, section, or end of file.  The paragraph  subsequent sub-section, section, or end of file.  The paragraph
 left-margin width is re-set to the default.  left-margin width is re-set to the default.
 .It TH  .
   .
   .Ss \&TH
 Sets the title of the manual page with the following syntax:  Sets the title of the manual page with the following syntax:
 .Bd -literal -offset indent  .Bd -filled -offset indent
 \&.TH title section [date [source [volume]]]  .Pf \. Sx \&TH
   .Cm title section
   .Op Cm date Op Cm source Op Cm volume
 .Ed  .Ed
 .  
 .Pp  .Pp
 At least the  At least the upper-case document title
 .Va title  .Cm title
 and  and numeric manual section
 .Va section  .Cm section
 arguments must be provided.  The  arguments must be provided.  The
 .Va date  .Cm date
 argument should be formatted as  argument should be formatted as described in
 .Qq %b [%d] %Y  .Sx Dates :
 format, described in  if it does not conform, the current date is used instead.  The
 .Xr strptime 3 .  .Cm source
 The  
 .Va source  
 string specifies the organisation providing the utility.  The  string specifies the organisation providing the utility.  The
 .Va volume  .Cm volume
 replaces the default rendered volume as dictated by the manual section.  string replaces the default rendered volume, which is dictated by the
 .It TP  manual section.
   .Pp
   Examples:
   .Pp
   .D1 \&.TH CVS 5 "1992-02-12" GNU
   .
   .
   .Ss \&TP
 Begin a paragraph where the head, if exceeding the indentation width, is  Begin a paragraph where the head, if exceeding the indentation width, is
 followed by a newline; if not, the body follows on the same line after a  followed by a newline; if not, the body follows on the same line after a
 buffer to the indentation width.  Subsequent output lines are indented.  buffer to the indentation width.  Subsequent output lines are indented.
 .  The syntax is as follows:
 .Pp  .Bd -filled -offset indent
 The indentation scaling width may be set as follows:  .Pf \. Sx \&TP
 .Bd -literal -offset indent  .Op Cm width
 \&.TP [width]  
 .Ed  .Ed
 .  
 .Pp  .Pp
 If  The
 .Va width  .Cm width
 is specified, it's saved for later paragraph left-margins; if  argument must conform to
   .Sx Scaling Widths .
   If specified, it's saved for later paragraph left-margins; if
 unspecified, the saved or default width is used.  unspecified, the saved or default width is used.
 .It UC  .Pp
 Has no effect.  Included for compatibility.  See also
 .It br  .Sx \&HP ,
   .Sx \&IP ,
   .Sx \&LP ,
   .Sx \&P ,
   and
   .Sx \&PP .
   .\" .
   .\" .
   .\" .Ss \&PD
   .\" Has no effect.  Included for compatibility.
   .\" .
   .\" .
   .\" .Ss \&UC
   .\" Has no effect.  Included for compatibility.
   .
   .
   .Ss \&br
 Breaks the current line.  Consecutive invocations have no further effect.  Breaks the current line.  Consecutive invocations have no further effect.
 .It fi  .Pp
   See also
   .Sx \&sp .
   .
   .
   .Ss \&fi
 End literal mode begun by  End literal mode begun by
 .Sq nf .  .Sx \&nf .
 .It i  .
 Italicise arguments.  If no arguments are specified, all subsequent text  .
 is italicised.  .Ss \&i
 .It na  Italicise arguments.  Synonym for
   .Sx \&I .
   .Pp
   See also
   .Sx \&B ,
   .Sx \&I ,
   .Sx \&R .
   .Sx \&b ,
   and
   .Sx \&r .
   .
   .
   .Ss \&na
 Don't align to the right margin.  Don't align to the right margin.
 .It nf  .
   .
   .Ss \&nf
 Begin literal mode: all subsequent free-form lines have their end of  Begin literal mode: all subsequent free-form lines have their end of
 line boundaries preserved.  May be ended by  line boundaries preserved.  May be ended by
 .Sq fi .  .Sx \&fi .
 .It r  .
   .
   .Ss \&r
 Fonts and styles (bold face, italics) reset to roman (default font).  Fonts and styles (bold face, italics) reset to roman (default font).
 .It sp  .Pp
 Insert n spaces, where n is the macro's positive numeric argument.  If  See also
 0, this is equivalent to the  .Sx \&B ,
 .Sq br  .Sx \&I ,
 macro.  .Sx \&R ,
 .El  .Sx \&b ,
   and
   .Sx \&i .
 .  .
 .  .
   .Ss \&sp
   Insert vertical spaces into output with the following syntax:
   .Bd -filled -offset indent
   .Pf \. Sx \&sp
   .Op Cm height
   .Ed
   .Pp
   Insert
   .Cm height
   spaces, which must conform to
   .Sx Scaling Widths .
   If 0, this is equivalent to the
   .Sx \&br
   macro.  Defaults to 1, if unspecified.
   .Pp
   See also
   .Sx \&br .
   .
   .\" .Ss \&Sp
   .\" A synonym for
   .\" .Sx \&sp
   .\" .Cm 0.5v .
   .\" .
   .\" .Ss \&Vb
   .\" A synonym for
   .\" .Sx \&nf .
   .\" Accepts an argument (the height of the formatted space) which is
   .\" disregarded.
   .\" .
   .\" .Ss \&Ve
   .\" A synonym for
   .\" .Sx \&fi .
   .\" .
   .
 .Sh COMPATIBILITY  .Sh COMPATIBILITY
 This section documents compatibility with other roff implementations, at  This section documents areas of questionable portability between
 this time limited to  implementations of the
 .Xr groff 1 .  .Nm
 .Bl -hyphen  language.
   .Pp
   .Bl -dash -compact
 .It  .It
 In quoted literals, groff allowed pair-wise double-quotes to produce a  In quoted literals, GNU troff allowed pair-wise double-quotes to produce
 standalone double-quote in formatted output.  This idiosyncratic  a standalone double-quote in formatted output.  It is not known whether
 behaviour is no longer applicable.  this behaviour is exhibited by other formatters.
 .It  .It
 The  Blocks of whitespace are stripped from macro and free-form text lines
 .Sq sp  (except when in literal mode) in mandoc.  This is not the case for GNU
 macro does not accept negative numbers.  troff: for maximum portability, whitespace sensitive blocks should be
   enclosed in literal contexts.
 .It  .It
 Blocks of whitespace are stripped from both macro and free-form text  The
 lines (except when in literal mode), while groff would retain whitespace  .Sx \&sp
 in free-form text lines.  macro does not accept negative values in mandoc.  In GNU troff, this
   would result in strange behaviour.
 .El  .El
 .  .
 .  .
Legend:
Removed from v.1.38  
changed lines
  Added in v.1.58
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