Annotation of mandoc/man.7, Revision 1.45
1.45 ! kristaps 1: .\" $Id: man.7,v 1.44 2009/11/02 09:53:15 kristaps Exp $
1.1 kristaps 2: .\"
1.11 kristaps 3: .\" Copyright (c) 2009 Kristaps Dzonsons <kristaps@kth.se>
1.1 kristaps 4: .\"
5: .\" Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any
1.10 kristaps 6: .\" purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
7: .\" copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.
8: .\"
9: .\" THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES
10: .\" WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
11: .\" MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR
12: .\" ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES
13: .\" WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN
14: .\" ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF
15: .\" OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
1.1 kristaps 16: .\"
17: .Dd $Mdocdate$
1.9 kristaps 18: .Dt MAN 7
1.1 kristaps 19: .Os
1.28 kristaps 20: .
21: .
1.1 kristaps 22: .Sh NAME
1.32 kristaps 23: .Nm man
24: .Nd man language reference
1.28 kristaps 25: .
26: .
1.1 kristaps 27: .Sh DESCRIPTION
28: The
1.32 kristaps 29: .Nm man
1.20 kristaps 30: language was historically used to format
1.32 kristaps 31: .Ux
1.19 kristaps 32: manuals. This reference document describes its syntax, structure, and
33: usage.
1.32 kristaps 34: .
35: .Pp
36: .Bf -emphasis
1.20 kristaps 37: Do not use
1.32 kristaps 38: .Nm
1.20 kristaps 39: to write your manuals.
1.32 kristaps 40: .Ef
1.19 kristaps 41: Use the
1.32 kristaps 42: .Xr mdoc 7
1.1 kristaps 43: language, instead.
1.32 kristaps 44: .
45: .Pp
1.1 kristaps 46: An
1.32 kristaps 47: .Nm
1.1 kristaps 48: document follows simple rules: lines beginning with the control
1.20 kristaps 49: character
1.32 kristaps 50: .Sq \&.
1.1 kristaps 51: are parsed for macros. Other lines are interpreted within the scope of
52: prior macros:
1.32 kristaps 53: .Bd -literal -offset indent
1.1 kristaps 54: \&.SH Macro lines change control state.
55: Other lines are interpreted within the current state.
1.32 kristaps 56: .Ed
1.28 kristaps 57: .
58: .
1.1 kristaps 59: .Sh INPUT ENCODING
1.32 kristaps 60: .Nm
1.14 kristaps 61: documents may contain only graphable 7-bit ASCII characters, the
1.19 kristaps 62: space character, and the tabs character. All manuals must have
1.32 kristaps 63: .Ux
1.20 kristaps 64: line termination.
1.32 kristaps 65: .
66: .Pp
1.5 kristaps 67: Blank lines are acceptable; where found, the output will assert a
1.1 kristaps 68: vertical space.
1.32 kristaps 69: .
70: .Pp
1.4 kristaps 71: The
1.32 kristaps 72: .Sq \ec
1.4 kristaps 73: escape is common in historical
1.32 kristaps 74: .Nm
1.4 kristaps 75: documents; if encountered at the end of a word, it ensures that the
76: subsequent word isn't off-set by whitespace.
1.28 kristaps 77: .
78: .
1.32 kristaps 79: .Ss Comments
1.21 kristaps 80: Text following a
1.32 kristaps 81: .Sq \e\*" ,
1.21 kristaps 82: whether in a macro or free-form text line, is ignored to the end of
83: line. A macro line with only a control character and comment escape,
1.32 kristaps 84: .Sq \&.\e" ,
1.44 kristaps 85: is also ignored. Macro lines with only a control character and
1.22 kristaps 86: optionally whitespace are stripped from input.
1.28 kristaps 87: .
88: .
1.32 kristaps 89: .Ss Special Characters
1.21 kristaps 90: Special characters may occur in both macro and free-form lines.
91: Sequences begin with the escape character
1.32 kristaps 92: .Sq \e
1.20 kristaps 93: followed by either an open-parenthesis
1.32 kristaps 94: .Sq \&(
1.1 kristaps 95: for two-character sequences; an open-bracket
1.32 kristaps 96: .Sq \&[
1.1 kristaps 97: for n-character sequences (terminated at a close-bracket
1.32 kristaps 98: .Sq \&] ) ;
1.21 kristaps 99: or a single one-character sequence. See
1.32 kristaps 100: .Xr mandoc_char 7
1.21 kristaps 101: for a complete list. Examples include
1.32 kristaps 102: .Sq \e(em
103: .Pq em-dash
1.21 kristaps 104: and
1.32 kristaps 105: .Sq \ee
106: .Pq back-slash .
1.28 kristaps 107: .
108: .
1.32 kristaps 109: .Ss Text Decoration
1.21 kristaps 110: Terms may be text-decorated using the
1.32 kristaps 111: .Sq \ef
1.21 kristaps 112: escape followed by an indicator: B (bold), I, (italic), or P and R
113: (Roman, or reset).
1.28 kristaps 114: .
115: .
1.32 kristaps 116: .Ss Whitespace
1.17 kristaps 117: Unless specifically escaped, consecutive blocks of whitespace are pruned
118: from input. These are later re-added, if applicable, by a front-end
119: utility such as
1.32 kristaps 120: .Xr mandoc 1 .
1.28 kristaps 121: .
1.44 kristaps 122: .
1.43 kristaps 123: .Ss Dates
124: The
125: .Sx \&TH
126: macro is the only
127: .Nm
128: macro that requires a date. The form for this date is the ISO-8601
129: standard
130: .Cm YYYY-MM-DD .
131: .
132: .
1.38 kristaps 133: .Ss Scaling Widths
134: Many macros support scaled widths for their arguments, such as
135: stipulating a two-inch paragraph indentation with the following:
136: .Bd -literal -offset indent
137: \&.HP 2i
138: .Ed
139: .
140: .Pp
141: The syntax for scaled widths is
142: .Sq Li [+-]?[0-9]*.[0-9]*[:unit:]? ,
143: where a decimal must be preceded or proceeded by at least one digit.
144: Negative numbers, while accepted, are truncated to zero. The following
145: scaling units are accepted:
146: .
147: .Pp
148: .Bl -tag -width Ds -offset indent -compact
149: .It c
150: centimetre
151: .It i
152: inch
153: .It P
154: pica (~1/6 inch)
155: .It p
156: point (~1/72 inch)
157: .It f
158: synonym for
159: .Sq u
160: .It v
161: default vertical span
162: .It m
163: width of rendered
164: .Sq m
165: .Pq em
166: character
167: .It n
168: width of rendered
169: .Sq n
170: .Pq en
171: character
172: .It u
173: default horizontal span
174: .It M
175: mini-em (~1/100 em)
176: .El
177: .Pp
178: Using anything other than
179: .Sq m ,
180: .Sq n ,
181: .Sq u ,
182: or
183: .Sq v
1.44 kristaps 184: is necessarily non-portable across output media.
1.38 kristaps 185: .
186: .Pp
187: If a scaling unit is not provided, the numerical value is interpreted
188: under the default rules of
189: .Sq v
190: for vertical spaces and
191: .Sq u
192: for horizontal ones.
193: .Em Note :
194: this differs from
195: .Xr mdoc 7 ,
196: which, if a unit is not provided, will instead interpret the string as
197: literal text.
198: .
1.28 kristaps 199: .
1.22 kristaps 200: .Sh MANUAL STRUCTURE
1.16 kristaps 201: Each
1.32 kristaps 202: .Nm
1.16 kristaps 203: document must contain contains at least the
1.39 kristaps 204: .Sx \&TH
1.16 kristaps 205: macro describing the document's section and title. It may occur
206: anywhere in the document, although conventionally, it appears as the
207: first macro.
1.32 kristaps 208: .
209: .Pp
1.22 kristaps 210: Beyond
1.39 kristaps 211: .Sx \&TH ,
1.22 kristaps 212: at least one macro or text node must appear in the document. Documents
213: are generally structured as follows:
1.32 kristaps 214: .Bd -literal -offset indent
1.43 kristaps 215: \&.TH FOO 1 2009-10-10
1.22 kristaps 216: \&.
217: \&.SH NAME
1.29 kristaps 218: \efBfoo\efR \e(en a description goes here
1.33 kristaps 219: \&.\e\*q The next is for sections 2 & 3 only.
220: \&.\e\*q .SH LIBRARY
1.22 kristaps 221: \&.
222: \&.SH SYNOPSIS
223: \efBfoo\efR [\efB\e-options\efR] arguments...
224: \&.
225: \&.SH DESCRIPTION
1.33 kristaps 226: The \efBfoo\efR utility processes files...
1.22 kristaps 227: \&.
1.33 kristaps 228: \&.\e\*q .SH IMPLEMENTATION NOTES
229: \&.\e\*q The next is for sections 1 & 8 only.
230: \&.\e\*q .SH EXIT STATUS
231: \&.\e\*q The next is for sections 2, 3, & 9 only.
1.22 kristaps 232: \&.\e\*q .SH RETURN VALUES
1.33 kristaps 233: \&.\e\*q The next is for sections 1, 6, 7, & 8 only.
1.22 kristaps 234: \&.\e\*q .SH ENVIRONMENT
235: \&.\e\*q .SH FILES
236: \&.\e\*q .SH EXAMPLES
1.33 kristaps 237: \&.\e\*q The next is for sections 1, 4, 6, 7, & 8 only.
1.22 kristaps 238: \&.\e\*q .SH DIAGNOSTICS
1.33 kristaps 239: \&.\e\*q The next is for sections 2, 3, & 9 only.
1.22 kristaps 240: \&.\e\*q .SH ERRORS
241: \&.\e\*q .SH SEE ALSO
1.42 kristaps 242: \&.\e\*q .BR foo ( 1 )
1.22 kristaps 243: \&.\e\*q .SH STANDARDS
244: \&.\e\*q .SH HISTORY
245: \&.\e\*q .SH AUTHORS
246: \&.\e\*q .SH CAVEATS
247: \&.\e\*q .SH BUGS
1.33 kristaps 248: \&.\e\*q .SH SECURITY CONSIDERATIONS
1.32 kristaps 249: .Ed
1.41 kristaps 250: .Pp
251: The sections in a
252: .Nm
253: document are conventionally ordered as they appear above. Sections
254: should be composed as follows:
1.42 kristaps 255: .Bl -ohang -offset indent
256: .It Em NAME
1.41 kristaps 257: The name(s) and a short description of the documented material. The
258: syntax for this is generally as follows:
259: .Pp
260: .D1 \efBname\efR \e(en description
1.42 kristaps 261: .It Em LIBRARY
1.41 kristaps 262: The name of the library containing the documented material, which is
263: assumed to be a function in a section 2 or 3 manual. For functions in
264: the C library, this may be as follows:
265: .Pp
266: .D1 Standard C Library (libc, -lc)
1.42 kristaps 267: .It Em SYNOPSIS
1.41 kristaps 268: Documents the utility invocation syntax, function call syntax, or device
269: configuration.
270: .Pp
271: For the first, utilities (sections 1, 6, and 8), this is
272: generally structured as follows:
273: .Pp
274: .D1 \efBname\efR [-\efBab\efR] [-\efBc\efR\efIarg\efR] \efBpath\efR...
275: .Pp
276: For the second, function calls (sections 2, 3, 9):
277: .Pp
1.44 kristaps 278: .D1 \&.B char *name(char *\efIarg\efR);
1.41 kristaps 279: .Pp
280: And for the third, configurations (section 4):
281: .Pp
1.44 kristaps 282: .D1 \&.B name* at cardbus ? function ?
1.41 kristaps 283: .Pp
1.42 kristaps 284: Manuals not in these sections generally don't need a
285: .Em SYNOPSIS .
286: .It Em DESCRIPTION
287: This expands upon the brief, one-line description in
288: .Em NAME .
289: It usually contains a break-down of the options (if documenting a
290: command).
291: .It Em IMPLEMENTATION NOTES
1.41 kristaps 292: Implementation-specific notes should be kept here. This is useful when
293: implementing standard functions that may have side effects or notable
294: algorithmic implications.
1.42 kristaps 295: .It Em EXIT STATUS
296: Command exit status for section 1, 6, and 8 manuals. This section is
297: the dual of
298: .Em RETURN VALUES ,
299: which is used for functions. Historically, this information was
300: described in
301: .Em DIAGNOSTICS ,
302: a practise that is now discouraged.
303: .
304: .It Em RETURN VALUES
305: This section is the dual of
306: .Em EXIT STATUS ,
307: which is used for commands. It documents the return values of functions
308: in sections 2, 3, and 9.
309: .
310: .It Em ENVIRONMENT
311: Documents any usages of environment variables, e.g.,
312: .Xr environ 7 .
313: .
314: .It Em FILES
315: Documents files used. It's helpful to document both the file and a
316: short description of how the file is used (created, modified, etc.).
317: .
318: .It Em EXAMPLES
319: Example usages. This often contains snippets of well-formed,
320: well-tested invocations. Make doubly sure that your examples work
1.44 kristaps 321: properly!
1.42 kristaps 322: .
323: .It Em DIAGNOSTICS
324: Documents error conditions. This is most useful in section 4 manuals.
325: Historically, this section was used in place of
326: .Em EXIT STATUS
327: for manuals in sections 1, 6, and 8; however, this practise is
328: discouraged.
329: .
330: .It Em ERRORS
331: Documents error handling in sections 2, 3, and 9.
332: .
333: .It Em SEE ALSO
334: References other manuals with related topics. This section should exist
1.44 kristaps 335: for most manuals.
336: .Pp
337: .D1 \&.BR bar \&( 1 \&),
338: .Pp
339: Cross-references should conventionally be ordered
1.42 kristaps 340: first by section, then alphabetically.
341: .
342: .It Em STANDARDS
343: References any standards implemented or used, such as
344: .Pp
345: .D1 IEEE Std 1003.2 (\e(lqPOSIX.2\e(rq)
346: .Pp
347: If not adhering to any standards, the
348: .Em HISTORY
349: section should be used.
350: .
351: .It Em HISTORY
352: The history of any manual without a
353: .Em STANDARDS
354: section should be described in this section.
355: .
356: .It Em AUTHORS
357: Credits to authors, if applicable, should appear in this section.
358: Authors should generally be noted by both name and an e-mail address.
359: .
360: .It Em CAVEATS
361: Explanations of common misuses and misunderstandings should be explained
362: in this section.
363: .
364: .It Em BUGS
365: Extant bugs should be described in this section.
366: .
367: .It Em SECURITY CONSIDERATIONS
368: Documents any security precautions that operators should consider.
369: .
1.41 kristaps 370: .El
1.28 kristaps 371: .
372: .
1.22 kristaps 373: .Sh MACRO SYNTAX
1.2 kristaps 374: Macros are one to three three characters in length and begin with a
1.4 kristaps 375: control character ,
1.32 kristaps 376: .Sq \&. ,
1.2 kristaps 377: at the beginning of the line. An arbitrary amount of whitespace may
1.39 kristaps 378: sit between the control character and the macro name. Thus, the
379: following are equivalent:
380: .Bd -literal -offset indent
381: \&.PP
382: \&.\ \ \ PP
383: .Ed
1.32 kristaps 384: .
385: .Pp
1.1 kristaps 386: The
1.32 kristaps 387: .Nm
1.30 kristaps 388: macros are classified by scope: line scope or block scope. Line
1.22 kristaps 389: macros are only scoped to the current line (and, in some situations,
390: the subsequent line). Block macros are scoped to the current line and
391: subsequent lines until closed by another block macro.
1.28 kristaps 392: .
393: .
1.32 kristaps 394: .Ss Line Macros
1.30 kristaps 395: Line macros are generally scoped to the current line, with the body
396: consisting of zero or more arguments. If a macro is scoped to the next
397: line and the line arguments are empty, the next line is used instead,
398: else the general syntax is used. Thus:
1.32 kristaps 399: .Bd -literal -offset indent
1.30 kristaps 400: \&.I
1.4 kristaps 401: foo
1.32 kristaps 402: .Ed
403: .
404: .Pp
1.20 kristaps 405: is equivalent to
1.32 kristaps 406: .Sq \&.I foo .
1.44 kristaps 407: If next-line macros are invoked consecutively, only the last is used; in
408: other words, if a next-line macro is preceded by a block macro, it is
409: ignored.
1.32 kristaps 410: .Bd -literal -offset indent
1.22 kristaps 411: \&.YO \(lBbody...\(rB
412: \(lBbody...\(rB
1.32 kristaps 413: .Ed
414: .
415: .Pp
416: .Bl -column -compact -offset indent "MacroX" "ArgumentsX" "ScopeXXXXX"
417: .It Em Macro Ta Em Arguments Ta Em Scope
1.39 kristaps 418: .It Sx \&B Ta n Ta next-line
419: .It Sx \&BI Ta n Ta current
420: .It Sx \&BR Ta n Ta current
421: .It Sx \&DT Ta 0 Ta current
422: .It Sx \&I Ta n Ta next-line
423: .It Sx \&IB Ta n Ta current
424: .It Sx \&IR Ta n Ta current
1.40 kristaps 425: .It Sx \&PD Ta n Ta current
1.39 kristaps 426: .It Sx \&R Ta n Ta next-line
427: .It Sx \&RB Ta n Ta current
428: .It Sx \&RI Ta n Ta current
429: .It Sx \&SB Ta n Ta next-line
430: .It Sx \&SM Ta n Ta next-line
431: .It Sx \&TH Ta >1, <6 Ta current
432: .It Sx \&UC Ta n Ta current
433: .It Sx \&br Ta 0 Ta current
434: .It Sx \&fi Ta 0 Ta current
435: .It Sx \&i Ta n Ta current
436: .It Sx \&na Ta 0 Ta current
437: .It Sx \&nf Ta 0 Ta current
438: .It Sx \&r Ta 0 Ta current
439: .It Sx \&sp Ta 1 Ta current
1.32 kristaps 440: .El
441: .
442: .Pp
1.31 kristaps 443: The
1.40 kristaps 444: .Sx \&PD ,
1.39 kristaps 445: .Sx \&RS ,
446: .Sx \&RE ,
447: .Sx \&UC ,
448: .Sx \&br ,
449: .Sx \&fi ,
450: .Sx \&i ,
451: .Sx \&na ,
452: .Sx \&nf ,
453: .Sx \&r ,
1.22 kristaps 454: and
1.39 kristaps 455: .Sx \&sp
1.36 kristaps 456: macros should not be used. They're included for compatibility.
1.28 kristaps 457: .
458: .
1.32 kristaps 459: .Ss Block Macros
1.30 kristaps 460: Block macros are comprised of a head and body. Like for in-line macros,
461: the head is scoped to the current line and, in one circumstance, the
462: next line; the body is scoped to subsequent lines and is closed out by a
463: subsequent block macro invocation.
1.32 kristaps 464: .Bd -literal -offset indent
1.22 kristaps 465: \&.YO \(lBhead...\(rB
466: \(lBhead...\(rB
467: \(lBbody...\(rB
1.32 kristaps 468: .Ed
469: .
470: .Pp
1.30 kristaps 471: The closure of body scope may be to the section, where a macro is closed
472: by
1.39 kristaps 473: .Sx \&SH ;
1.30 kristaps 474: sub-section, closed by a section or
1.39 kristaps 475: .Sx \&SS ;
1.30 kristaps 476: part, closed by a section, sub-section, or
1.39 kristaps 477: .Sx \&RE ;
1.30 kristaps 478: or paragraph, closed by a section, sub-section, part,
1.39 kristaps 479: .Sx \&HP ,
480: .Sx \&IP ,
481: .Sx \&LP ,
482: .Sx \&P ,
483: .Sx \&PP ,
1.30 kristaps 484: or
1.39 kristaps 485: .Sx \&TP .
1.30 kristaps 486: No closure refers to an explicit block closing macro.
1.32 kristaps 487: .
488: .Pp
489: .Bl -column "MacroX" "ArgumentsX" "Head ScopeX" "sub-sectionX" -compact -offset indent
490: .It Em Macro Ta Em Arguments Ta Em Head Scope Ta Em Body Scope
1.39 kristaps 491: .It Sx \&HP Ta <2 Ta current Ta paragraph
492: .It Sx \&IP Ta <3 Ta current Ta paragraph
493: .It Sx \&LP Ta 0 Ta current Ta paragraph
494: .It Sx \&P Ta 0 Ta current Ta paragraph
495: .It Sx \&PP Ta 0 Ta current Ta paragraph
496: .It Sx \&RE Ta 0 Ta current Ta none
497: .It Sx \&RS Ta 1 Ta current Ta part
498: .It Sx \&SH Ta >0 Ta next-line Ta section
499: .It Sx \&SS Ta >0 Ta next-line Ta sub-section
500: .It Sx \&TP Ta n Ta next-line Ta paragraph
1.32 kristaps 501: .El
502: .
503: .Pp
1.22 kristaps 504: If a block macro is next-line scoped, it may only be followed by in-line
505: macros (excluding
1.39 kristaps 506: .Sx \&DT ,
1.40 kristaps 507: .Sx \&PD ,
1.39 kristaps 508: .Sx \&TH ,
509: .Sx \&UC ,
510: .Sx \&br ,
511: .Sx \&na ,
512: .Sx \&sp ,
513: .Sx \&nf ,
1.22 kristaps 514: and
1.39 kristaps 515: .Sx \&fi ) .
1.28 kristaps 516: .
517: .
1.22 kristaps 518: .Sh REFERENCE
519: This section is a canonical reference to all macros, arranged
520: alphabetically. For the scoping of individual macros, see
1.32 kristaps 521: .Sx MACRO SYNTAX .
1.28 kristaps 522: .
1.44 kristaps 523: .
1.39 kristaps 524: .Ss \&B
1.22 kristaps 525: Text is rendered in bold face.
1.44 kristaps 526: .Pp
527: See also
528: .Sx \&I ,
529: .Sx \&R ,
530: .Sx \&b ,
531: .Sx \&i ,
532: and
533: .Sx \&r .
534: .
535: .
1.39 kristaps 536: .Ss \&BI
1.22 kristaps 537: Text is rendered alternately in bold face and italic. Thus,
1.32 kristaps 538: .Sq .BI this word and that
1.22 kristaps 539: causes
1.32 kristaps 540: .Sq this
1.22 kristaps 541: and
1.32 kristaps 542: .Sq and
1.22 kristaps 543: to render in bold face, while
1.32 kristaps 544: .Sq word
1.22 kristaps 545: and
1.32 kristaps 546: .Sq that
1.22 kristaps 547: render in italics. Whitespace between arguments is omitted in output.
1.44 kristaps 548: .Pp
549: Examples:
550: .Bd -filled -offset indent
551: .Pf \. Sx \&BI
552: bold italic bold italic
553: .Ed
554: .Pp
555: The output of this example will be emboldened
556: .Dq bold
557: and italicised
558: .Dq italic ,
559: with spaces stripped between arguments.
560: .Pp
561: See also
562: .Sx \&IB ,
563: .Sx \&BR ,
564: .Sx \&RB ,
565: .Sx \&RI ,
566: and
567: .Sx \&IR .
568: .
569: .
1.39 kristaps 570: .Ss \&BR
1.22 kristaps 571: Text is rendered alternately in bold face and roman (the default font).
572: Whitespace between arguments is omitted in output.
1.44 kristaps 573: .Pp
574: See
575: .Sx \&BI
576: for an equivalent example.
577: .Pp
578: See also
579: .Sx \&BI ,
580: .Sx \&IB ,
581: .Sx \&RB ,
582: .Sx \&RI ,
583: and
584: .Sx \&IR .
585: .
586: .
1.39 kristaps 587: .Ss \&DT
1.36 kristaps 588: Has no effect. Included for compatibility.
1.44 kristaps 589: .
590: .
1.39 kristaps 591: .Ss \&HP
1.23 kristaps 592: Begin a paragraph whose initial output line is left-justified, but
1.27 kristaps 593: subsequent output lines are indented, with the following syntax:
1.44 kristaps 594: .Bd -filled -offset indent
595: .Pf \. Sx \&HP
596: .Op Cm width
1.32 kristaps 597: .Ed
1.44 kristaps 598: .Pp
599: The
600: .Cm width
601: argument must conform to
602: .Sx Scaling Widths .
603: If specified, it's saved for later paragraph left-margins; if unspecified, the
604: saved or default width is used.
605: .Pp
606: See also
1.45 ! kristaps 607: .Sx \&IP ,
! 608: .Sx \&LP ,
! 609: .Sx \&P ,
! 610: .Sx \&PP ,
1.44 kristaps 611: and
1.45 ! kristaps 612: .Sx \&TP .
1.44 kristaps 613: .
1.32 kristaps 614: .
1.39 kristaps 615: .Ss \&I
1.22 kristaps 616: Text is rendered in italics.
1.44 kristaps 617: .Pp
618: See also
619: .Sx \&B ,
620: .Sx \&R ,
621: .Sx \&b ,
622: .Sx \&i ,
623: and
624: .Sx \&r .
625: .
626: .
1.39 kristaps 627: .Ss \&IB
1.22 kristaps 628: Text is rendered alternately in italics and bold face. Whitespace
629: between arguments is omitted in output.
1.44 kristaps 630: .Pp
631: See
632: .Sx \&BI
633: for an equivalent example.
634: .Pp
635: See also
636: .Sx \&BI ,
637: .Sx \&BR ,
638: .Sx \&RB ,
639: .Sx \&RI ,
640: and
641: .Sx \&IR .
642: .
643: .
1.39 kristaps 644: .Ss \&IP
1.44 kristaps 645: Begin an indented paragraph with the following syntax:
646: .Bd -filled -offset indent
647: .Pf \. Sx \&IP
648: .Op Cm head Op Cm width
1.32 kristaps 649: .Ed
1.44 kristaps 650: .Pp
651: The
652: .Cm width
653: argument defines the width of the left margin and is defined by
654: .Sx Scaling Widths ,
655: It's saved for later paragraph left-margins; if unspecified, the saved or
656: default width is used.
657: .Pp
658: The
659: .Cm head
660: argument is used as a leading term, flushed to the left margin. This is
661: useful for bulleted paragraphs and so on.
662: .Pp
663: See also
1.45 ! kristaps 664: .Sx \&HP ,
! 665: .Sx \&LP ,
! 666: .Sx \&P ,
! 667: .Sx \&PP ,
1.44 kristaps 668: and
1.45 ! kristaps 669: .Sx \&TP .
1.44 kristaps 670: .
1.32 kristaps 671: .
1.39 kristaps 672: .Ss \&IR
1.22 kristaps 673: Text is rendered alternately in italics and roman (the default font).
674: Whitespace between arguments is omitted in output.
1.44 kristaps 675: .Pp
676: See
677: .Sx \&BI
678: for an equivalent example.
679: .Pp
680: See also
681: .Sx \&BI ,
682: .Sx \&IB ,
683: .Sx \&BR ,
684: .Sx \&RB ,
685: and
686: .Sx \&RI .
687: .
688: .
1.39 kristaps 689: .Ss \&LP
1.22 kristaps 690: Begin an undecorated paragraph. The scope of a paragraph is closed by a
1.27 kristaps 691: subsequent paragraph, sub-section, section, or end of file. The saved
692: paragraph left-margin width is re-set to the default.
1.44 kristaps 693: .Pp
694: See also
1.45 ! kristaps 695: .Sx \&HP ,
! 696: .Sx \&IP ,
! 697: .Sx \&P ,
! 698: .Sx \&PP ,
1.44 kristaps 699: and
1.45 ! kristaps 700: .Sx \&TP .
1.44 kristaps 701: .
702: .
1.39 kristaps 703: .Ss \&P
704: Synonym for
705: .Sx \&LP .
1.44 kristaps 706: .Pp
707: See also
1.45 ! kristaps 708: .Sx \&HP ,
! 709: .Sx \&IP ,
! 710: .Sx \&LP ,
! 711: .Sx \&PP ,
1.44 kristaps 712: and
1.45 ! kristaps 713: .Sx \&TP .
1.44 kristaps 714: .
715: .
1.39 kristaps 716: .Ss \&PP
717: Synonym for
718: .Sx \&LP .
1.44 kristaps 719: .Pp
720: See also
1.45 ! kristaps 721: .Sx \&HP ,
! 722: .Sx \&IP ,
! 723: .Sx \&LP ,
! 724: .Sx \&P ,
1.44 kristaps 725: and
1.45 ! kristaps 726: .Sx \&TP .
1.44 kristaps 727: .
728: .
1.39 kristaps 729: .Ss \&R
1.22 kristaps 730: Text is rendered in roman (the default font).
1.44 kristaps 731: .Pp
732: See also
733: .Sx \&I ,
734: .Sx \&B ,
735: .Sx \&b ,
736: .Sx \&i ,
737: and
738: .Sx \&r .
739: .
740: .
1.39 kristaps 741: .Ss \&RB
1.22 kristaps 742: Text is rendered alternately in roman (the default font) and bold face.
743: Whitespace between arguments is omitted in output.
1.44 kristaps 744: .Pp
745: See
746: .Sx \&BI
747: for an equivalent example.
748: .Pp
749: See also
750: .Sx \&BI ,
751: .Sx \&IB ,
752: .Sx \&BR ,
753: .Sx \&RI ,
754: and
755: .Sx \&IR .
756: .
757: .
1.39 kristaps 758: .Ss \&RE
1.30 kristaps 759: Explicitly close out the scope of a prior
1.39 kristaps 760: .Sx \&RS .
1.44 kristaps 761: .
762: .
1.39 kristaps 763: .Ss \&RI
1.22 kristaps 764: Text is rendered alternately in roman (the default font) and italics.
765: Whitespace between arguments is omitted in output.
1.44 kristaps 766: .Pp
767: See
768: .Sx \&BI
769: for an equivalent example.
770: .Pp
771: See also
772: .Sx \&BI ,
773: .Sx \&IB ,
774: .Sx \&BR ,
775: .Sx \&RB ,
776: and
777: .Sx \&IR .
778: .
779: .
1.39 kristaps 780: .Ss \&RS
1.30 kristaps 781: Begin a part setting the left margin. The left margin controls the
782: offset, following an initial indentation, to un-indented text such as
783: that of
1.39 kristaps 784: .Sx \&PP .
1.44 kristaps 785: This has the following syntax:
786: .Bd -filled -offset indent
787: .Pf \. Sx \&Rs
788: .Op Cm width
1.32 kristaps 789: .Ed
1.44 kristaps 790: .Pp
791: The
792: .Cm width
793: argument must conform to
794: .Sx Scaling Widths .
795: If not specified, the saved or default width is used.
796: .
1.32 kristaps 797: .
1.39 kristaps 798: .Ss \&SB
1.22 kristaps 799: Text is rendered in small size (one point smaller than the default font)
800: bold face.
1.44 kristaps 801: .
802: .
1.39 kristaps 803: .Ss \&SH
1.22 kristaps 804: Begin a section. The scope of a section is only closed by another
1.27 kristaps 805: section or the end of file. The paragraph left-margin width is re-set
806: to the default.
1.44 kristaps 807: .
808: .
1.39 kristaps 809: .Ss \&SM
1.22 kristaps 810: Text is rendered in small size (one point smaller than the default
811: font).
1.44 kristaps 812: .
813: .
1.39 kristaps 814: .Ss \&SS
1.22 kristaps 815: Begin a sub-section. The scope of a sub-section is closed by a
1.27 kristaps 816: subsequent sub-section, section, or end of file. The paragraph
817: left-margin width is re-set to the default.
1.44 kristaps 818: .
819: .
1.39 kristaps 820: .Ss \&TH
1.22 kristaps 821: Sets the title of the manual page with the following syntax:
1.44 kristaps 822: .Bd -filled -offset indent
823: .Pf \. Sx \&TH
824: .Cm title section
825: .Op Cm date Op Cm source Op Cm volume
826: .Ed
1.43 kristaps 827: .Pp
828: At least the upper-case document title
829: .Cm title
830: and numeric manual section
1.44 kristaps 831: .Cm section
1.43 kristaps 832: arguments must be provided. The
833: .Cm date
834: argument should be formatted as described in
835: .Sx Dates :
836: if it does not conform, the current date is used instead. The
1.44 kristaps 837: .Cm source
1.43 kristaps 838: string specifies the organisation providing the utility. The
1.44 kristaps 839: .Cm volume
1.43 kristaps 840: string replaces the default rendered volume, which is dictated by the
841: manual section.
842: .Pp
843: Examples:
1.44 kristaps 844: .Bd -filled -offset indent
1.43 kristaps 845: \&.TH CVS 5 "1992-02-12" GNU
1.32 kristaps 846: .Ed
847: .
1.44 kristaps 848: .
1.39 kristaps 849: .Ss \&TP
1.25 kristaps 850: Begin a paragraph where the head, if exceeding the indentation width, is
1.24 kristaps 851: followed by a newline; if not, the body follows on the same line after a
1.25 kristaps 852: buffer to the indentation width. Subsequent output lines are indented.
1.44 kristaps 853: The syntax is as follows:
854: .Bd -filled -offset indent
855: .Pf \. Sx \&TP
856: .Op Cm width
1.32 kristaps 857: .Ed
858: .Pp
1.44 kristaps 859: The
860: .Cm width
861: argument must conform to
862: .Sx Scaling Widths .
863: If specified, it's saved for later paragraph left-margins; if
1.27 kristaps 864: unspecified, the saved or default width is used.
1.44 kristaps 865: .Pp
866: See also
1.45 ! kristaps 867: .Sx \&HP ,
! 868: .Sx \&IP ,
! 869: .Sx \&LP ,
! 870: .Sx \&P ,
1.44 kristaps 871: and
1.45 ! kristaps 872: .Sx \&PP .
1.44 kristaps 873: .
874: .
1.40 kristaps 875: .Ss \&PD
876: Has no effect. Included for compatibility.
1.44 kristaps 877: .
878: .
1.39 kristaps 879: .Ss \&UC
1.37 kristaps 880: Has no effect. Included for compatibility.
1.44 kristaps 881: .
882: .
1.39 kristaps 883: .Ss \&br
1.22 kristaps 884: Breaks the current line. Consecutive invocations have no further effect.
1.44 kristaps 885: .Pp
886: See also
887: .Sx \&sp .
888: .
889: .
1.39 kristaps 890: .Ss \&fi
1.22 kristaps 891: End literal mode begun by
1.39 kristaps 892: .Sx \&nf .
1.44 kristaps 893: .
894: .
1.39 kristaps 895: .Ss \&i
1.22 kristaps 896: Italicise arguments. If no arguments are specified, all subsequent text
897: is italicised.
1.44 kristaps 898: .Pp
899: See also
900: .Sx \&B ,
901: .Sx \&I ,
902: .Sx \&R .
903: .Sx \&b ,
904: and
905: .Sx \&r .
906: .
907: .
1.39 kristaps 908: .Ss \&na
1.36 kristaps 909: Don't align to the right margin.
1.44 kristaps 910: .
911: .
1.39 kristaps 912: .Ss \&nf
1.22 kristaps 913: Begin literal mode: all subsequent free-form lines have their end of
914: line boundaries preserved. May be ended by
1.39 kristaps 915: .Sx \&fi .
1.44 kristaps 916: .
917: .
1.39 kristaps 918: .Ss \&r
1.22 kristaps 919: Fonts and styles (bold face, italics) reset to roman (default font).
1.44 kristaps 920: .Pp
921: See also
922: .Sx \&B ,
923: .Sx \&I ,
924: .Sx \&R ,
925: .Sx \&b ,
926: and
927: .Sx \&i .
928: .
929: .
1.39 kristaps 930: .Ss \&sp
1.44 kristaps 931: Insert vertical spaces into output with the following syntax:
932: .Bd -filled -offset indent
933: .Pf \. Sx \&sp
934: .Op Cm height
935: .Ed
936: .Pp
937: Insert
938: .Cm height
939: spaces, which must conform to
940: .Sx Scaling Widths .
941: If 0, this is equivalent to the
1.39 kristaps 942: .Sx \&br
1.44 kristaps 943: macro. Defaults to 1, if unspecified.
944: .Pp
945: See also
946: .Sx \&br .
1.28 kristaps 947: .
948: .
1.18 kristaps 949: .Sh COMPATIBILITY
1.23 kristaps 950: This section documents compatibility with other roff implementations, at
951: this time limited to
1.32 kristaps 952: .Xr groff 1 .
953: .Bl -hyphen
954: .It
1.23 kristaps 955: In quoted literals, groff allowed pair-wise double-quotes to produce a
956: standalone double-quote in formatted output. This idiosyncratic
957: behaviour is no longer applicable.
1.32 kristaps 958: .It
1.23 kristaps 959: The
1.32 kristaps 960: .Sq sp
1.23 kristaps 961: macro does not accept negative numbers.
1.32 kristaps 962: .It
1.23 kristaps 963: Blocks of whitespace are stripped from both macro and free-form text
964: lines (except when in literal mode), while groff would retain whitespace
965: in free-form text lines.
1.32 kristaps 966: .El
1.28 kristaps 967: .
968: .
1.1 kristaps 969: .Sh SEE ALSO
1.32 kristaps 970: .Xr mandoc 1 ,
971: .Xr mandoc_char 7
1.28 kristaps 972: .
973: .
1.1 kristaps 974: .Sh AUTHORS
975: The
1.32 kristaps 976: .Nm
1.23 kristaps 977: reference was written by
1.32 kristaps 978: .An Kristaps Dzonsons Aq kristaps@kth.se .
1.28 kristaps 979: .
980: .
1.1 kristaps 981: .Sh CAVEATS
982: Do not use this language. Use
1.32 kristaps 983: .Xr mdoc 7 ,
1.1 kristaps 984: instead.
1.28 kristaps 985: .
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