version 1.6, 2009/03/22 19:08:53 |
version 1.183, 2017/03/27 15:17:11 |
|
|
.\" $Id$ |
.\" $Id$ |
.\" |
.\" |
.\" Copyright (c) 2009 Kristaps Dzonsons <kristaps@openbsd.org> |
.\" Copyright (c) 2009, 2010, 2011 Kristaps Dzonsons <kristaps@bsd.lv> |
|
.\" Copyright (c) 2012, 2014-2017 Ingo Schwarze <schwarze@openbsd.org> |
.\" |
.\" |
.\" Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any |
.\" Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any |
.\" purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the |
.\" purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above |
.\" above copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all |
.\" copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies. |
.\" copies. |
|
.\" |
.\" |
.\" THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL |
.\" THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES |
.\" WARRANTIES WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED |
.\" WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF |
.\" WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE |
.\" MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR |
.\" AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL |
.\" ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES |
.\" DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR |
.\" WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN |
.\" PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER |
.\" ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF |
.\" TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR |
.\" OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE. |
.\" PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE. |
|
.\" |
.\" |
.Dd $Mdocdate$ |
.Dd $Mdocdate$ |
.Dt mandoc 1 |
.Dt MANDOC 1 |
.Os |
.Os |
.\" SECTION |
|
.Sh NAME |
.Sh NAME |
.Nm mandoc |
.Nm mandoc |
.Nd format and display BSD manuals |
.Nd format manual pages |
.\" SECTION |
|
.Sh SYNOPSIS |
.Sh SYNOPSIS |
.Nm mandoc |
.Nm mandoc |
.Op Fl V |
.Op Fl acfhkl |
.Op Fl f Ns Ar option... |
.Op Fl I Cm os Ns = Ns Ar name |
.Op Fl W Ns Ar err... |
.Op Fl K Ar encoding |
.Op Fl T Ns Ar output |
.Op Fl mdoc | man |
.Op Ar infile... |
.Op Fl O Ar option |
.\" SECTION |
.Op Fl T Ar output |
|
.Op Fl W Ar level |
|
.Op Ar |
.Sh DESCRIPTION |
.Sh DESCRIPTION |
The |
The |
.Nm |
.Nm |
utility formats a BSD |
utility formats |
.Dq mdoc |
.Ux |
manual page for display. The arguments are as follows: |
manual pages for display. |
.Bl -tag -width XXXXXXXXXXXX |
.Pp |
.\" ITEM |
By default, |
.It Fl f Ns Ar option... |
|
Override default compiler behaviour. See |
|
.Sx Compiler Options |
|
for details. |
|
.\" ITEM |
|
.It Fl T |
|
Output format. See |
|
.Sx Output Formats |
|
for available formats. Defaults to |
|
.Fl T Ns Ar ascii . |
|
.\" ITEM |
|
.It Fl V |
|
Print version and exit. |
|
.\" ITEM |
|
.It Fl W Ns Ar err... |
|
Print warning messages. May be set to |
|
.Fl W Ns Ar all |
|
for all warnings, |
|
.Ar compat |
|
for groff/troff-compatibility warnings, or |
|
.Ar syntax |
|
for syntax warnings. If |
|
.Fl W Ns Ar error |
|
is specified, warnings are considered errors and cause utility |
|
termination. Multiple |
|
.Fl W |
|
arguments may be comma-separated, such as |
|
.Fl W Ns Ar error,all . |
|
.\" ITEM |
|
.It Ar infile... |
|
Read input from zero or more |
|
.Ar infile . |
|
If unspecified, reads from stdin. If multiple files are specified, |
|
.Nm |
.Nm |
will halt with the first failed parse. |
reads |
.El |
.Xr mdoc 7 |
.\" PARAGRAPH |
or |
|
.Xr man 7 |
|
text from stdin and produces |
|
.Fl T Cm locale |
|
output. |
.Pp |
.Pp |
By default, |
The options are as follows: |
.Nm |
.Bl -tag -width Ds |
reads from stdin and prints 78-column backspace-encoded output to stdout |
.It Fl a |
as if |
If the standard output is a terminal device and |
.Fl T Ns Ar ascii |
.Fl c |
were provided. |
is not specified, use |
.\" PARAGRAPH |
.Xr more 1 |
.Pp |
to paginate the output, just like |
.Ex -std mandoc |
.Xr man 1 |
.\" SUB-SECTION |
would. |
.Ss Reserved Words |
.It Fl c |
The reserved words described in |
Copy the formatted manual pages to the standard output without using |
|
.Xr more 1 |
|
to paginate them. |
|
This is the default. |
|
It can be specified to override |
|
.Fl a . |
|
.It Fl I Cm os Ns = Ns Ar name |
|
Override the default operating system |
|
.Ar name |
|
for the |
.Xr mdoc 7 |
.Xr mdoc 7 |
are handled according to the following rules: |
.Ic \&Os |
.Bl -enum -offset XXX |
and for the |
.It |
.Xr man 7 |
Opening delimiters |
.Ic \&TH |
.Po |
macro. |
.Sq \&( , |
.It Fl K Ar encoding |
.Sq \&[ , |
Specify the input encoding. |
|
The supported |
|
.Ar encoding |
|
arguments are |
|
.Cm us-ascii , |
|
.Cm iso-8859-1 , |
and |
and |
.Sq \&{ |
.Cm utf-8 . |
.Pc are not followed by whitespace. |
If not specified, autodetection uses the first match in the following |
|
list: |
|
.Bl -enum |
.It |
.It |
Closing delimiters |
If the first three bytes of the input file are the UTF-8 byte order |
.Po |
mark (BOM, 0xefbbbf), input is interpreted as |
.Sq \&. , |
.Cm utf-8 . |
.Sq \&, , |
.It |
.Sq \&; , |
If the first or second line of the input file matches the |
.Sq \&: , |
.Sy emacs |
.Sq \&? , |
mode line format |
.Sq \&! , |
.Pp |
.Sq \&) , |
.D1 .\e" -*- Oo ...; Oc coding: Ar encoding ; No -*- |
.Sq \&] |
.Pp |
|
then input is interpreted according to |
|
.Ar encoding . |
|
.It |
|
If the first non-ASCII byte in the file introduces a valid UTF-8 |
|
sequence, input is interpreted as |
|
.Cm utf-8 . |
|
.It |
|
Otherwise, input is interpreted as |
|
.Cm iso-8859-1 . |
|
.El |
|
.It Fl mdoc | man |
|
With |
|
.Fl mdoc , |
|
all input files are interpreted as |
|
.Xr mdoc 7 . |
|
With |
|
.Fl man , |
|
all input files are interpreted as |
|
.Xr man 7 . |
|
By default, the input language is automatically detected for each file: |
|
if the the first macro is |
|
.Ic \&Dd |
|
or |
|
.Ic \&Dt , |
|
the |
|
.Xr mdoc 7 |
|
parser is used; otherwise, the |
|
.Xr man 7 |
|
parser is used. |
|
With other arguments, |
|
.Fl m |
|
is silently ignored. |
|
.It Fl O Ar option |
|
Comma-separated output options. |
|
.It Fl T Ar output |
|
Output format. |
|
See |
|
.Sx Output Formats |
|
for available formats. |
|
Defaults to |
|
.Fl T Cm locale . |
|
.It Fl W Ar level |
|
Specify the minimum message |
|
.Ar level |
|
to be reported on the standard error output and to affect the exit status. |
|
The |
|
.Ar level |
|
can be |
|
.Cm warning , |
|
.Cm error , |
|
or |
|
.Cm unsupp ; |
|
.Cm all |
|
is an alias for |
|
.Cm warning . |
|
By default, |
|
.Nm |
|
is silent. |
|
See |
|
.Sx EXIT STATUS |
and |
and |
.Sq \&} |
.Sx DIAGNOSTICS |
.Pc are not preceeded by whitespace. |
for details. |
|
.Pp |
|
The special option |
|
.Fl W Cm stop |
|
tells |
|
.Nm |
|
to exit after parsing a file that causes warnings or errors of at least |
|
the requested level. |
|
No formatted output will be produced from that file. |
|
If both a |
|
.Ar level |
|
and |
|
.Cm stop |
|
are requested, they can be joined with a comma, for example |
|
.Fl W Cm error , Ns Cm stop . |
|
.It Ar file |
|
Read input from zero or more files. |
|
If unspecified, reads from stdin. |
|
If multiple files are specified, |
|
.Nm |
|
will halt with the first failed parse. |
.El |
.El |
.\" PARAGRAPH |
|
.Pp |
.Pp |
Note that reserved words may occur in streams of text, so the following: |
The options |
.Bd -literal -offset XXXX |
.Fl fhklw |
this self is not that of the waking , empirically real man |
are also supported and are documented in man(1). |
.Ed |
In |
.\" PARAGRAPH |
.Fl f |
.Pp |
and |
\&...correctly adjusts the comma spacing to |
.Fl k |
.Qq this self is not that of the waking , empirically real man . |
mode, |
.\" SUB-SECTION |
.Nm |
|
also supports the options |
|
.Fl CMmOSs |
|
described in the |
|
.Xr apropos 1 |
|
manual. |
|
The options |
|
.Fl fkl |
|
are mutually exclusive and override each other. |
.Ss Output Formats |
.Ss Output Formats |
The |
The |
.Nm |
.Nm |
utility accepts the following |
utility accepts the following |
.Fl T |
.Fl T |
arguments: |
arguments, which correspond to output modes: |
.Bl -tag -width XXXXXXXXXXXX -offset XXXX |
.Bl -tag -width "-T markdown" |
.It Ar ascii |
.It Fl T Cm ascii |
Produce 7-bit ASCII output, backspace-encoded for bold and underline |
Produce 7-bit ASCII output. |
styles. This is the default. |
See |
.It Ar tree |
.Sx ASCII Output . |
Produce an indented parse tree. |
.It Fl T Cm html |
.It Ar lint |
Produce HTML5, CSS1, and MathML output. |
|
See |
|
.Sx HTML Output . |
|
.It Fl T Cm lint |
Parse only: produce no output. |
Parse only: produce no output. |
|
Implies |
|
.Fl W Cm warning . |
|
.It Fl T Cm locale |
|
Encode output using the current locale. |
|
This is the default. |
|
See |
|
.Sx Locale Output . |
|
.It Fl T Cm man |
|
Produce |
|
.Xr man 7 |
|
format output. |
|
See |
|
.Sx Man Output . |
|
.It Fl T Cm markdown |
|
Produce output in |
|
.Sy markdown |
|
format. |
|
See |
|
.Sx Markdown Output . |
|
.It Fl T Cm pdf |
|
Produce PDF output. |
|
See |
|
.Sx PDF Output . |
|
.It Fl T Cm ps |
|
Produce PostScript output. |
|
See |
|
.Sx PostScript Output . |
|
.It Fl T Cm tree |
|
Produce an indented parse tree. |
|
See |
|
.Sx Syntax tree output . |
|
.It Fl T Cm utf8 |
|
Encode output in the UTF\-8 multi-byte format. |
|
See |
|
.Sx UTF\-8 Output . |
|
.It Fl T Cm xhtml |
|
This is a synonym for |
|
.Fl T Cm html . |
.El |
.El |
.\" SUB-SECTION |
.Pp |
.Ss Compiler Options |
If multiple input files are specified, these will be processed by the |
Default compiler behaviour may be overriden with the |
corresponding filter in-order. |
.Fl f |
.Ss ASCII Output |
flag. |
Output produced by |
.Bl -tag -width XXXXXXXXXXXX -offset XXXX |
.Fl T Cm ascii |
.It Fl f Ns Ar ign-scope |
is rendered in standard 7-bit ASCII documented in |
When rewinding the scope of a block macro, forces the compiler to ignore |
.Xr ascii 7 . |
scope violations. This can seriously mangle the resulting tree. |
.Pp |
.It Fl f Ns Ar ign-escape |
Font styles are applied by using back-spaced encoding such that an |
Ignore invalid escape sequences. |
underlined character |
.It Fl f Ns Ar ign-macro |
.Sq c |
Ignore unknown macros at the start of input lines. |
is rendered as |
|
.Sq _ Ns \e[bs] Ns c , |
|
where |
|
.Sq \e[bs] |
|
is the back-space character number 8. |
|
Emboldened characters are rendered as |
|
.Sq c Ns \e[bs] Ns c . |
|
.Pp |
|
The special characters documented in |
|
.Xr mandoc_char 7 |
|
are rendered best-effort in an ASCII equivalent. |
|
.Pp |
|
Output width is limited to 78 visible columns unless literal input lines |
|
exceed this limit. |
|
.Pp |
|
The following |
|
.Fl O |
|
arguments are accepted: |
|
.Bl -tag -width Ds |
|
.It Cm indent Ns = Ns Ar indent |
|
The left margin for normal text is set to |
|
.Ar indent |
|
blank characters instead of the default of five for |
|
.Xr mdoc 7 |
|
and seven for |
|
.Xr man 7 . |
|
Increasing this is not recommended; it may result in degraded formatting, |
|
for example overfull lines or ugly line breaks. |
|
.It Cm width Ns = Ns Ar width |
|
The output width is set to |
|
.Ar width , |
|
which will normalise to \(>=58. |
.El |
.El |
.\" PARAGRAPH |
.Ss HTML Output |
|
Output produced by |
|
.Fl T Cm html |
|
conforms to HTML5 using optional self-closing tags. |
|
Default styles use only CSS1. |
|
Equations rendered from |
|
.Xr eqn 7 |
|
blocks use MathML. |
.Pp |
.Pp |
As with the |
The |
|
.Pa mandoc.css |
|
file documents style-sheet classes available for customising output. |
|
If a style-sheet is not specified with |
|
.Fl O Cm style , |
|
.Fl T Cm html |
|
defaults to simple output (via an embedded style-sheet) |
|
readable in any graphical or text-based web |
|
browser. |
|
.Pp |
|
Special characters are rendered in decimal-encoded UTF\-8. |
|
.Pp |
|
The following |
|
.Fl O |
|
arguments are accepted: |
|
.Bl -tag -width Ds |
|
.It Cm fragment |
|
Omit the <!DOCTYPE> declaration and the <html>, <head>, and <body> |
|
elements and only emit the subtree below the <body> element. |
|
The |
|
.Cm style |
|
argument will be ignored. |
|
This is useful when embedding manual content within existing documents. |
|
.It Cm includes Ns = Ns Ar fmt |
|
The string |
|
.Ar fmt , |
|
for example, |
|
.Ar ../src/%I.html , |
|
is used as a template for linked header files (usually via the |
|
.Ic \&In |
|
macro). |
|
Instances of |
|
.Sq \&%I |
|
are replaced with the include filename. |
|
The default is not to present a |
|
hyperlink. |
|
.It Cm man Ns = Ns Ar fmt |
|
The string |
|
.Ar fmt , |
|
for example, |
|
.Ar ../html%S/%N.%S.html , |
|
is used as a template for linked manuals (usually via the |
|
.Ic \&Xr |
|
macro). |
|
Instances of |
|
.Sq \&%N |
|
and |
|
.Sq %S |
|
are replaced with the linked manual's name and section, respectively. |
|
If no section is included, section 1 is assumed. |
|
The default is not to |
|
present a hyperlink. |
|
.It Cm style Ns = Ns Ar style.css |
|
The file |
|
.Ar style.css |
|
is used for an external style-sheet. |
|
This must be a valid absolute or |
|
relative URI. |
|
.El |
|
.Ss Locale Output |
|
Locale-depending output encoding is triggered with |
|
.Fl T Cm locale . |
|
This is the default. |
|
.Pp |
|
This option is not available on all systems: systems without locale |
|
support, or those whose internal representation is not natively UCS-4, |
|
will fall back to |
|
.Fl T Cm ascii . |
|
See |
|
.Sx ASCII Output |
|
for font style specification and available command-line arguments. |
|
.Ss Man Output |
|
Translate input format into |
|
.Xr man 7 |
|
output format. |
|
This is useful for distributing manual sources to legacy systems |
|
lacking |
|
.Xr mdoc 7 |
|
formatters. |
|
.Pp |
|
If |
|
.Xr mdoc 7 |
|
is passed as input, it is translated into |
|
.Xr man 7 . |
|
If the input format is |
|
.Xr man 7 , |
|
the input is copied to the output, expanding any |
|
.Xr roff 7 |
|
.Ic so |
|
requests. |
|
The parser is also run, and as usual, the |
.Fl W |
.Fl W |
flag, multiple |
level controls which |
.Fl f |
.Sx DIAGNOSTICS |
options may be grouped and delimited with a comma. Using |
are displayed before copying the input to the output. |
.Fl f Ns Ar ign-scope,ign-escape , |
.Ss Markdown Output |
for example, will try to ignore scope and character-escape errors. |
Translate |
.\" SECTION |
.Xr mdoc 7 |
.Sh EXAMPLES |
input to the |
To page this manual page on the terminal: |
.Sy markdown |
.\" PARAGRAPH |
format conforming to |
|
.Lk http://daringfireball.net/projects/markdown/syntax.text\ |
|
"John Gruber's 2004 specification" . |
|
The output also almost conforms to the |
|
.Lk http://commonmark.org/ CommonMark |
|
specification. |
.Pp |
.Pp |
.D1 % mandoc \-Wall,error mandoc.1 2>&1 | less |
The character set used for the markdown output is ASCII. |
.\" SECTION |
Non-ASCII characters are encoded as HTML entities. |
.Sh SEE ALSO |
Since that is not possible in literal font contexts, because these |
|
are rendered as code spans and code blocks in the markdown output, |
|
non-ASCII characters are transliterated to ASCII approximations in |
|
these contexts. |
|
.Pp |
|
Markdown is a very weak markup language, so all semantic markup is |
|
lost, and even part of the presentational markup may be lost. |
|
Do not use this as an intermediate step in converting to HTML; |
|
instead, use |
|
.Fl T Cm html |
|
directly. |
|
.Pp |
|
The |
|
.Xr man 7 , |
|
.Xr tbl 7 , |
|
and |
|
.Xr eqn 7 |
|
input languages are not supported by |
|
.Fl T Cm markdown |
|
output mode. |
|
.Ss PDF Output |
|
PDF-1.1 output may be generated by |
|
.Fl T Cm pdf . |
|
See |
|
.Sx PostScript Output |
|
for |
|
.Fl O |
|
arguments and defaults. |
|
.Ss PostScript Output |
|
PostScript |
|
.Qq Adobe-3.0 |
|
Level-2 pages may be generated by |
|
.Fl T Cm ps . |
|
Output pages default to letter sized and are rendered in the Times font |
|
family, 11-point. |
|
Margins are calculated as 1/9 the page length and width. |
|
Line-height is 1.4m. |
|
.Pp |
|
Special characters are rendered as in |
|
.Sx ASCII Output . |
|
.Pp |
|
The following |
|
.Fl O |
|
arguments are accepted: |
|
.Bl -tag -width Ds |
|
.It Cm paper Ns = Ns Ar name |
|
The paper size |
|
.Ar name |
|
may be one of |
|
.Ar a3 , |
|
.Ar a4 , |
|
.Ar a5 , |
|
.Ar legal , |
|
or |
|
.Ar letter . |
|
You may also manually specify dimensions as |
|
.Ar NNxNN , |
|
width by height in millimetres. |
|
If an unknown value is encountered, |
|
.Ar letter |
|
is used. |
|
.El |
|
.Ss UTF\-8 Output |
|
Use |
|
.Fl T Cm utf8 |
|
to force a UTF\-8 locale. |
|
See |
|
.Sx Locale Output |
|
for details and options. |
|
.Ss Syntax tree output |
|
Use |
|
.Fl T Cm tree |
|
to show a human readable representation of the syntax tree. |
|
It is useful for debugging the source code of manual pages. |
|
The exact format is subject to change, so don't write parsers for it. |
|
.Pp |
|
The first paragraph shows meta data found in the |
.Xr mdoc 7 |
.Xr mdoc 7 |
.\" |
prologue, on the |
.Sh AUTHORS |
.Xr man 7 |
|
.Ic \&TH |
|
line, or the fallbacks used. |
|
.Pp |
|
In the tree dump, each output line shows one syntax tree node. |
|
Child nodes are indented with respect to their parent node. |
|
The columns are: |
|
.Pp |
|
.Bl -enum -compact |
|
.It |
|
For macro nodes, the macro name; for text and |
|
.Xr tbl 7 |
|
nodes, the content. |
|
There is a special format for |
|
.Xr eqn 7 |
|
nodes. |
|
.It |
|
Node type (text, elem, block, head, body, body-end, tail, tbl, eqn). |
|
.It |
|
Flags: |
|
.Bl -dash -compact |
|
.It |
|
An opening parenthesis if the node is an opening delimiter. |
|
.It |
|
An asterisk if the node starts a new input line. |
|
.It |
|
The input line number (starting at one). |
|
.It |
|
A colon. |
|
.It |
|
The input column number (starting at one). |
|
.It |
|
A closing parenthesis if the node is a closing delimiter. |
|
.It |
|
A full stop if the node ends a sentence. |
|
.It |
|
BROKEN if the node is a block broken by another block. |
|
.It |
|
NOSRC if the node is not in the input file, |
|
but automatically generated from macros. |
|
.It |
|
NOPRT if the node is not supposed to generate output |
|
for any output format. |
|
.El |
|
.El |
|
.Pp |
|
The following |
|
.Fl O |
|
argument is accepted: |
|
.Bl -tag -width Ds |
|
.It Cm noval |
|
Skip validation and show the unvalidated syntax tree. |
|
This can help to find out whether a given behaviour is caused by |
|
the parser or by the validator. |
|
Meta data is not available in this case. |
|
.El |
|
.Sh ENVIRONMENT |
|
.Bl -tag -width MANPAGER |
|
.It Ev MANPAGER |
|
Any non-empty value of the environment variable |
|
.Ev MANPAGER |
|
is used instead of the standard pagination program, |
|
.Xr more 1 ; |
|
see |
|
.Xr man 1 |
|
for details. |
|
Only used if |
|
.Fl a |
|
or |
|
.Fl l |
|
is specified. |
|
.It Ev PAGER |
|
Specifies the pagination program to use when |
|
.Ev MANPAGER |
|
is not defined. |
|
If neither PAGER nor MANPAGER is defined, |
|
.Xr more 1 |
|
.Fl s |
|
is used. |
|
Only used if |
|
.Fl a |
|
or |
|
.Fl l |
|
is specified. |
|
.El |
|
.Sh EXIT STATUS |
The |
The |
.Nm |
.Nm |
utility was written by |
utility exits with one of the following values, controlled by the message |
.An Kristaps Dzonsons Aq kristaps@openbsd.org . |
.Ar level |
.\" SECTION |
associated with the |
.Sh CAVEATS |
.Fl W |
The |
option: |
|
.Pp |
|
.Bl -tag -width Ds -compact |
|
.It 0 |
|
No warnings or errors occurred, or those that did were ignored because |
|
they were lower than the requested |
|
.Ar level . |
|
.It 2 |
|
At least one warning occurred, but no error, and |
|
.Fl W Cm warning |
|
was specified. |
|
.It 3 |
|
At least one parsing error occurred, |
|
but no unsupported feature was encountered, and |
|
.Fl W Cm error |
|
or |
|
.Fl W Cm warning |
|
was specified. |
|
.It 4 |
|
At least one unsupported feature was encountered, and |
|
.Fl W Cm unsupp , |
|
.Fl W Cm error |
|
or |
|
.Fl W Cm warning |
|
was specified. |
|
.It 5 |
|
Invalid command line arguments were specified. |
|
No input files have been read. |
|
.It 6 |
|
An operating system error occurred, for example exhaustion |
|
of memory, file descriptors, or process table entries. |
|
Such errors cause |
.Nm |
.Nm |
utility in |
to exit at once, possibly in the middle of parsing or formatting a file. |
.Fl T Ns Ar ascii |
.El |
mode doesn't yet know how to display the following: |
|
.Pp |
.Pp |
.Bl -bullet -compact |
Note that selecting |
|
.Fl T Cm lint |
|
output mode implies |
|
.Fl W Cm warning . |
|
.Sh EXAMPLES |
|
To page manuals to the terminal: |
|
.Pp |
|
.Dl $ mandoc \-W all,stop mandoc.1 2\*(Gt&1 | less |
|
.Dl $ mandoc mandoc.1 mdoc.3 mdoc.7 | less |
|
.Pp |
|
To produce HTML manuals with |
|
.Pa mandoc.css |
|
as the style-sheet: |
|
.Pp |
|
.Dl $ mandoc \-T html -O style=mandoc.css mdoc.7 \*(Gt mdoc.7.html |
|
.Pp |
|
To check over a large set of manuals: |
|
.Pp |
|
.Dl $ mandoc \-T lint \(gafind /usr/src -name \e*\e.[1-9]\(ga |
|
.Pp |
|
To produce a series of PostScript manuals for A4 paper: |
|
.Pp |
|
.Dl $ mandoc \-T ps \-O paper=a4 mdoc.7 man.7 \*(Gt manuals.ps |
|
.Pp |
|
Convert a modern |
|
.Xr mdoc 7 |
|
manual to the older |
|
.Xr man 7 |
|
format, for use on systems lacking an |
|
.Xr mdoc 7 |
|
parser: |
|
.Pp |
|
.Dl $ mandoc \-T man foo.mdoc \*(Gt foo.man |
|
.Sh DIAGNOSTICS |
|
Messages displayed by |
|
.Nm |
|
follow this format: |
|
.Pp |
|
.D1 Nm Ns : Ar file : Ns Ar line : Ns Ar column : level : message : macro args |
|
.Pp |
|
Line and column numbers start at 1. |
|
Both are omitted for messages referring to an input file as a whole. |
|
Macro names and arguments are omitted where meaningless. |
|
Fatal messages about invalid command line arguments |
|
or operating system errors, for example when memory is exhausted, |
|
may also omit the |
|
.Ar file |
|
and |
|
.Ar level |
|
fields. |
|
.Pp |
|
Message levels have the following meanings: |
|
.Bl -tag -width "warning" |
|
.It Cm unsupp |
|
An input file uses unsupported low-level |
|
.Xr roff 7 |
|
features. |
|
The output may be incomplete and/or misformatted, |
|
so using GNU troff instead of |
|
.Nm |
|
to process the file may be preferable. |
|
.It Cm error |
|
An input file contains invalid syntax that cannot be safely interpreted. |
|
By discarding part of the input or inserting missing tokens, |
|
the parser is able to continue, and the error does not prevent |
|
generation of formatted output, but typically, preparing that |
|
output involves information loss, broken document structure |
|
or unintended formatting, no matter whether |
|
.Nm |
|
or GNU troff is used. |
|
In many cases, the output of |
|
.Nm |
|
and GNU troff is identical, but in some, |
|
.Nm |
|
is more resilient than GNU troff with respect to malformed input. |
|
.Pp |
|
Non-existent or unreadable input files are also reported on the |
|
.Cm error |
|
level. |
|
In that case, the parser cannot even be started and no output |
|
is produced from those input files. |
|
.It Cm warning |
|
An input file uses obsolete, discouraged or non-portable syntax. |
|
All the same, the meaning of the input is unambiguous and a correct |
|
rendering can be produced. |
|
Documents causing warnings may render poorly when using other |
|
formatting tools instead of |
|
.Nm . |
|
.El |
|
.Pp |
|
Messages of the |
|
.Cm warning , |
|
.Cm error , |
|
and |
|
.Cm unsupp |
|
levels except those about non-existent or unreadable input files |
|
are hidden unless their level, or a lower level, is requested using a |
|
.Fl W |
|
option or |
|
.Fl T Cm lint |
|
output mode. |
|
.Ss Warnings related to the document prologue |
|
.Bl -ohang |
|
.It Sy "missing manual title, using UNTITLED" |
|
.Pq mdoc |
|
A |
|
.Ic \&Dt |
|
macro has no arguments, or there is no |
|
.Ic \&Dt |
|
macro before the first non-prologue macro. |
|
.It Sy "missing manual title, using \(dq\(dq" |
|
.Pq man |
|
There is no |
|
.Ic \&TH |
|
macro, or it has no arguments. |
|
.It Sy "lower case character in document title" |
|
.Pq mdoc , man |
|
The title is still used as given in the |
|
.Ic \&Dt |
|
or |
|
.Ic \&TH |
|
macro. |
|
.It Sy "missing manual section, using \(dq\(dq" |
|
.Pq mdoc , man |
|
A |
|
.Ic \&Dt |
|
or |
|
.Ic \&TH |
|
macro lacks the mandatory section argument. |
|
.It Sy "unknown manual section" |
|
.Pq mdoc |
|
The section number in a |
|
.Ic \&Dt |
|
line is invalid, but still used. |
|
.It Sy "missing date, using today's date" |
|
.Pq mdoc, man |
|
The document was parsed as |
|
.Xr mdoc 7 |
|
and it has no |
|
.Ic \&Dd |
|
macro, or the |
|
.Ic \&Dd |
|
macro has no arguments or only empty arguments; |
|
or the document was parsed as |
|
.Xr man 7 |
|
and it has no |
|
.Ic \&TH |
|
macro, or the |
|
.Ic \&TH |
|
macro has less than three arguments or its third argument is empty. |
|
.It Sy "cannot parse date, using it verbatim" |
|
.Pq mdoc , man |
|
The date given in a |
|
.Ic \&Dd |
|
or |
|
.Ic \&TH |
|
macro does not follow the conventional format. |
|
.It Sy "missing Os macro, using \(dq\(dq" |
|
.Pq mdoc |
|
The default or current system is not shown in this case. |
|
.It Sy "duplicate prologue macro" |
|
.Pq mdoc |
|
One of the prologue macros occurs more than once. |
|
The last instance overrides all previous ones. |
|
.It Sy "late prologue macro" |
|
.Pq mdoc |
|
A |
|
.Ic \&Dd |
|
or |
|
.Ic \&Os |
|
macro occurs after some non-prologue macro, but still takes effect. |
|
.It Sy "skipping late title macro" |
|
.Pq mdoc |
|
The |
|
.Ic \&Dt |
|
macro appears after the first non-prologue macro. |
|
Traditional formatters cannot handle this because |
|
they write the page header before parsing the document body. |
|
Even though this technical restriction does not apply to |
|
.Nm , |
|
traditional semantics is preserved. |
|
The late macro is discarded including its arguments. |
|
.It Sy "prologue macros out of order" |
|
.Pq mdoc |
|
The prologue macros are not given in the conventional order |
|
.Ic \&Dd , |
|
.Ic \&Dt , |
|
.Ic \&Os . |
|
All three macros are used even when given in another order. |
|
.El |
|
.Ss Warnings regarding document structure |
|
.Bl -ohang |
|
.It Sy ".so is fragile, better use ln(1)" |
|
.Pq roff |
|
Including files only works when the parser program runs with the correct |
|
current working directory. |
|
.It Sy "no document body" |
|
.Pq mdoc , man |
|
The document body contains neither text nor macros. |
|
An empty document is shown, consisting only of a header and a footer line. |
|
.It Sy "content before first section header" |
|
.Pq mdoc , man |
|
Some macros or text precede the first |
|
.Ic \&Sh |
|
or |
|
.Ic \&SH |
|
section header. |
|
The offending macros and text are parsed and added to the top level |
|
of the syntax tree, outside any section block. |
|
.It Sy "first section is not NAME" |
|
.Pq mdoc |
|
The argument of the first |
|
.Ic \&Sh |
|
macro is not |
|
.Sq NAME . |
|
This may confuse |
|
.Xr makewhatis 8 |
|
and |
|
.Xr apropos 1 . |
|
.It Sy "NAME section without Nm before Nd" |
|
.Pq mdoc |
|
The NAME section does not contain any |
|
.Ic \&Nm |
|
child macro before the first |
|
.Ic \&Nd |
|
macro. |
|
.It Sy "NAME section without description" |
|
.Pq mdoc |
|
The NAME section lacks the mandatory |
|
.Ic \&Nd |
|
child macro. |
|
.It Sy "description not at the end of NAME" |
|
.Pq mdoc |
|
The NAME section does contain an |
|
.Ic \&Nd |
|
child macro, but other content follows it. |
|
.It Sy "bad NAME section content" |
|
.Pq mdoc |
|
The NAME section contains plain text or macros other than |
|
.Ic \&Nm |
|
and |
|
.Ic \&Nd . |
|
.It Sy "missing comma before name" |
|
.Pq mdoc |
|
The NAME section contains an |
|
.Ic \&Nm |
|
macro that is neither the first one nor preceded by a comma. |
|
.It Sy "missing description line, using \(dq\(dq" |
|
.Pq mdoc |
|
The |
|
.Ic \&Nd |
|
macro lacks the required argument. |
|
The title line of the manual will end after the dash. |
|
.It Sy "description line outside NAME section" |
|
.Pq mdoc |
|
An |
|
.Ic \&Nd |
|
macro appears outside the NAME section. |
|
The arguments are printed anyway and the following text is used for |
|
.Xr apropos 1 , |
|
but none of that behaviour is portable. |
|
.It Sy "sections out of conventional order" |
|
.Pq mdoc |
|
A standard section occurs after another section it usually precedes. |
|
All section titles are used as given, |
|
and the order of sections is not changed. |
|
.It Sy "duplicate section title" |
|
.Pq mdoc |
|
The same standard section title occurs more than once. |
|
.It Sy "unexpected section" |
|
.Pq mdoc |
|
A standard section header occurs in a section of the manual |
|
where it normally isn't useful. |
|
.It Sy "unusual Xr order" |
|
.Pq mdoc |
|
In the SEE ALSO section, an |
|
.Ic \&Xr |
|
macro with a lower section number follows one with a higher number, |
|
or two |
|
.Ic \&Xr |
|
macros referring to the same section are out of alphabetical order. |
|
.It Sy "unusual Xr punctuation" |
|
.Pq mdoc |
|
In the SEE ALSO section, punctuation between two |
|
.Ic \&Xr |
|
macros differs from a single comma, or there is trailing punctuation |
|
after the last |
|
.Ic \&Xr |
|
macro. |
|
.It Sy "AUTHORS section without An macro" |
|
.Pq mdoc |
|
An AUTHORS sections contains no |
|
.Ic \&An |
|
macros, or only empty ones. |
|
Probably, there are author names lacking markup. |
|
.El |
|
.Ss "Warnings related to macros and nesting" |
|
.Bl -ohang |
|
.It Sy "obsolete macro" |
|
.Pq mdoc |
|
See the |
|
.Xr mdoc 7 |
|
manual for replacements. |
|
.It Sy "macro neither callable nor escaped" |
|
.Pq mdoc |
|
The name of a macro that is not callable appears on a macro line. |
|
It is printed verbatim. |
|
If the intention is to call it, move it to its own input line; |
|
otherwise, escape it by prepending |
|
.Sq \e& . |
|
.It Sy "skipping paragraph macro" |
|
In |
|
.Xr mdoc 7 |
|
documents, this happens |
|
.Bl -dash -compact |
.It |
.It |
The \-hang |
at the beginning and end of sections and subsections |
.Sq \&Bl |
|
list is not yet supported. |
|
.\" LIST-ITEM |
|
.It |
.It |
The \-literal and \-unfilled |
right before non-compact lists and displays |
.Sq \&Bd |
|
displays types are synonyms, as are \-filled and \-ragged. |
|
.\" LIST-ITEM |
|
.It |
.It |
|
at the end of items in non-column, non-compact lists |
|
.It |
|
and for multiple consecutive paragraph macros. |
|
.El |
|
In |
|
.Xr man 7 |
|
documents, it happens |
|
.Bl -dash -compact |
|
.It |
|
for empty |
|
.Ic \&P , |
|
.Ic \&PP , |
|
and |
|
.Ic \&LP |
|
macros |
|
.It |
|
for |
|
.Ic \&IP |
|
macros having neither head nor body arguments |
|
.It |
|
for |
|
.Ic \&br |
|
or |
|
.Ic \&sp |
|
right after |
|
.Ic \&SH |
|
or |
|
.Ic \&SS |
|
.El |
|
.It Sy "moving paragraph macro out of list" |
|
.Pq mdoc |
|
A list item in a |
|
.Ic \&Bl |
|
list contains a trailing paragraph macro. |
|
The paragraph macro is moved after the end of the list. |
|
.It Sy "skipping no-space macro" |
|
.Pq mdoc |
|
An input line begins with an |
|
.Ic \&Ns |
|
macro. |
|
The macro is ignored. |
|
.It Sy "blocks badly nested" |
|
.Pq mdoc |
|
If two blocks intersect, one should completely contain the other. |
|
Otherwise, rendered output is likely to look strange in any output |
|
format, and rendering in SGML-based output formats is likely to be |
|
outright wrong because such languages do not support badly nested |
|
blocks at all. |
|
Typical examples of badly nested blocks are |
|
.Qq Ic \&Ao \&Bo \&Ac \&Bc |
|
and |
|
.Qq Ic \&Ao \&Bq \&Ac . |
|
In these examples, |
|
.Ic \&Ac |
|
breaks |
|
.Ic \&Bo |
|
and |
|
.Ic \&Bq , |
|
respectively. |
|
.It Sy "nested displays are not portable" |
|
.Pq mdoc |
|
A |
|
.Ic \&Bd , |
|
.Ic \&D1 , |
|
or |
|
.Ic \&Dl |
|
display occurs nested inside another |
|
.Ic \&Bd |
|
display. |
|
This works with |
|
.Nm , |
|
but fails with most other implementations. |
|
.It Sy "moving content out of list" |
|
.Pq mdoc |
|
A |
|
.Ic \&Bl |
|
list block contains text or macros before the first |
|
.Ic \&It |
|
macro. |
|
The offending children are moved before the beginning of the list. |
|
.It Sy "fill mode already enabled, skipping" |
|
.Pq man |
|
A |
|
.Ic \&fi |
|
request occurs even though the document is still in fill mode, |
|
or already switched back to fill mode. |
|
It has no effect. |
|
.It Sy "fill mode already disabled, skipping" |
|
.Pq man |
|
An |
|
.Ic \&nf |
|
request occurs even though the document already switched to no-fill mode |
|
and did not switch back to fill mode yet. |
|
It has no effect. |
|
.It Sy "line scope broken" |
|
.Pq man |
|
While parsing the next-line scope of the previous macro, |
|
another macro is found that prematurely terminates the previous one. |
|
The previous, interrupted macro is deleted from the parse tree. |
|
.El |
|
.Ss "Warnings related to missing arguments" |
|
.Bl -ohang |
|
.It Sy "skipping empty request" |
|
.Pq roff , eqn |
|
The macro name is missing from a macro definition request, |
|
or an |
|
.Xr eqn 7 |
|
control statement or operation keyword lacks its required argument. |
|
.It Sy "conditional request controls empty scope" |
|
.Pq roff |
|
A conditional request is only useful if any of the following |
|
follows it on the same logical input line: |
|
.Bl -dash -compact |
|
.It |
The |
The |
.Sq \&Bd |
.Sq \e{ |
macro doesn't process \-compact . |
keyword to open a multi-line scope. |
|
.It |
|
A request or macro or some text, resulting in a single-line scope. |
|
.It |
|
The immediate end of the logical line without any intervening whitespace, |
|
resulting in next-line scope. |
.El |
.El |
.Pp |
Here, a conditional request is followed by trailing whitespace only, |
Other macros still aren't supported by virtue of nobody complaining |
and there is no other content on its logical input line. |
about their absence. Please report any omissions: this is a work in |
Note that it doesn't matter whether the logical input line is split |
progress. |
across multiple physical input lines using |
|
.Sq \e |
|
line continuation characters. |
|
This is one of the rare cases |
|
where trailing whitespace is syntactically significant. |
|
The conditional request controls a scope containing whitespace only, |
|
so it is unlikely to have a significant effect, |
|
except that it may control a following |
|
.Ic \&el |
|
clause. |
|
.It Sy "skipping empty macro" |
|
.Pq mdoc |
|
The indicated macro has no arguments and hence no effect. |
|
.It Sy "empty block" |
|
.Pq mdoc , man |
|
A |
|
.Ic \&Bd , |
|
.Ic \&Bk , |
|
.Ic \&Bl , |
|
.Ic \&D1 , |
|
.Ic \&Dl , |
|
.Ic \&RS , |
|
or |
|
.Ic \&UR |
|
block contains nothing in its body and will produce no output. |
|
.It Sy "empty argument, using 0n" |
|
.Pq mdoc |
|
The required width is missing after |
|
.Ic \&Bd |
|
or |
|
.Ic \&Bl |
|
.Fl offset |
|
or |
|
.Fl width. |
|
.It Sy "missing display type, using -ragged" |
|
.Pq mdoc |
|
The |
|
.Ic \&Bd |
|
macro is invoked without the required display type. |
|
.It Sy "list type is not the first argument" |
|
.Pq mdoc |
|
In a |
|
.Ic \&Bl |
|
macro, at least one other argument precedes the type argument. |
|
The |
|
.Nm |
|
utility copes with any argument order, but some other |
|
.Xr mdoc 7 |
|
implementations do not. |
|
.It Sy "missing -width in -tag list, using 8n" |
|
.Pq mdoc |
|
Every |
|
.Ic \&Bl |
|
macro having the |
|
.Fl tag |
|
argument requires |
|
.Fl width , |
|
too. |
|
.It Sy "missing utility name, using \(dq\(dq" |
|
.Pq mdoc |
|
The |
|
.Ic \&Ex Fl std |
|
macro is called without an argument before |
|
.Ic \&Nm |
|
has first been called with an argument. |
|
.It Sy "missing function name, using \(dq\(dq" |
|
.Pq mdoc |
|
The |
|
.Ic \&Fo |
|
macro is called without an argument. |
|
No function name is printed. |
|
.It Sy "empty head in list item" |
|
.Pq mdoc |
|
In a |
|
.Ic \&Bl |
|
.Fl diag , |
|
.Fl hang , |
|
.Fl inset , |
|
.Fl ohang , |
|
or |
|
.Fl tag |
|
list, an |
|
.Ic \&It |
|
macro lacks the required argument. |
|
The item head is left empty. |
|
.It Sy "empty list item" |
|
.Pq mdoc |
|
In a |
|
.Ic \&Bl |
|
.Fl bullet , |
|
.Fl dash , |
|
.Fl enum , |
|
or |
|
.Fl hyphen |
|
list, an |
|
.Ic \&It |
|
block is empty. |
|
An empty list item is shown. |
|
.It Sy "missing font type, using \efR" |
|
.Pq mdoc |
|
A |
|
.Ic \&Bf |
|
macro has no argument. |
|
It switches to the default font. |
|
.It Sy "unknown font type, using \efR" |
|
.Pq mdoc |
|
The |
|
.Ic \&Bf |
|
argument is invalid. |
|
The default font is used instead. |
|
.It Sy "nothing follows prefix" |
|
.Pq mdoc |
|
A |
|
.Ic \&Pf |
|
macro has no argument, or only one argument and no macro follows |
|
on the same input line. |
|
This defeats its purpose; in particular, spacing is not suppressed |
|
before the text or macros following on the next input line. |
|
.It Sy "empty reference block" |
|
.Pq mdoc |
|
An |
|
.Ic \&Rs |
|
macro is immediately followed by an |
|
.Ic \&Re |
|
macro on the next input line. |
|
Such an empty block does not produce any output. |
|
.It Sy "missing section argument" |
|
.Pq mdoc |
|
An |
|
.Ic \&Xr |
|
macro lacks its second, section number argument. |
|
The first argument, i.e. the name, is printed, but without subsequent |
|
parentheses. |
|
.It Sy "missing -std argument, adding it" |
|
.Pq mdoc |
|
An |
|
.Ic \&Ex |
|
or |
|
.Ic \&Rv |
|
macro lacks the required |
|
.Fl std |
|
argument. |
|
The |
|
.Nm |
|
utility assumes |
|
.Fl std |
|
even when it is not specified, but other implementations may not. |
|
.It Sy "missing option string, using \(dq\(dq" |
|
.Pq man |
|
The |
|
.Ic \&OP |
|
macro is invoked without any argument. |
|
An empty pair of square brackets is shown. |
|
.It Sy "missing resource identifier, using \(dq\(dq" |
|
.Pq man |
|
The |
|
.Ic \&UR |
|
macro is invoked without any argument. |
|
An empty pair of angle brackets is shown. |
|
.It Sy "missing eqn box, using \(dq\(dq" |
|
.Pq eqn |
|
A diacritic mark or a binary operator is found, |
|
but there is nothing to the left of it. |
|
An empty box is inserted. |
|
.El |
|
.Ss "Warnings related to bad macro arguments" |
|
.Bl -ohang |
|
.It Sy "unterminated quoted argument" |
|
.Pq roff |
|
Macro arguments can be enclosed in double quote characters |
|
such that space characters and macro names contained in the quoted |
|
argument need not be escaped. |
|
The closing quote of the last argument of a macro can be omitted. |
|
However, omitting it is not recommended because it makes the code |
|
harder to read. |
|
.It Sy "duplicate argument" |
|
.Pq mdoc |
|
A |
|
.Ic \&Bd |
|
or |
|
.Ic \&Bl |
|
macro has more than one |
|
.Fl compact , |
|
more than one |
|
.Fl offset , |
|
or more than one |
|
.Fl width |
|
argument. |
|
All but the last instances of these arguments are ignored. |
|
.It Sy "skipping duplicate argument" |
|
.Pq mdoc |
|
An |
|
.Ic \&An |
|
macro has more than one |
|
.Fl split |
|
or |
|
.Fl nosplit |
|
argument. |
|
All but the first of these arguments are ignored. |
|
.It Sy "skipping duplicate display type" |
|
.Pq mdoc |
|
A |
|
.Ic \&Bd |
|
macro has more than one type argument; the first one is used. |
|
.It Sy "skipping duplicate list type" |
|
.Pq mdoc |
|
A |
|
.Ic \&Bl |
|
macro has more than one type argument; the first one is used. |
|
.It Sy "skipping -width argument" |
|
.Pq mdoc |
|
A |
|
.Ic \&Bl |
|
.Fl column , |
|
.Fl diag , |
|
.Fl ohang , |
|
.Fl inset , |
|
or |
|
.Fl item |
|
list has a |
|
.Fl width |
|
argument. |
|
That has no effect. |
|
.It Sy "wrong number of cells" |
|
In a line of a |
|
.Ic \&Bl Fl column |
|
list, the number of tabs or |
|
.Ic \&Ta |
|
macros is less than the number expected from the list header line |
|
or exceeds the expected number by more than one. |
|
Missing cells remain empty, and all cells exceeding the number of |
|
columns are joined into one single cell. |
|
.It Sy "unknown AT&T UNIX version" |
|
.Pq mdoc |
|
An |
|
.Ic \&At |
|
macro has an invalid argument. |
|
It is used verbatim, with |
|
.Qq "AT&T UNIX " |
|
prefixed to it. |
|
.It Sy "comma in function argument" |
|
.Pq mdoc |
|
An argument of an |
|
.Ic \&Fa |
|
or |
|
.Ic \&Fn |
|
macro contains a comma; it should probably be split into two arguments. |
|
.It Sy "parenthesis in function name" |
|
.Pq mdoc |
|
The first argument of an |
|
.Ic \&Fc |
|
or |
|
.Ic \&Fn |
|
macro contains an opening or closing parenthesis; that's probably wrong, |
|
parentheses are added automatically. |
|
.It Sy "invalid content in Rs block" |
|
.Pq mdoc |
|
An |
|
.Ic \&Rs |
|
block contains plain text or non-% macros. |
|
The bogus content is left in the syntax tree. |
|
Formatting may be poor. |
|
.It Sy "invalid Boolean argument" |
|
.Pq mdoc |
|
An |
|
.Ic \&Sm |
|
macro has an argument other than |
|
.Cm on |
|
or |
|
.Cm off . |
|
The invalid argument is moved out of the macro, which leaves the macro |
|
empty, causing it to toggle the spacing mode. |
|
.It Sy "unknown font, skipping request" |
|
.Pq man , tbl |
|
A |
|
.Xr roff 7 |
|
.Ic \&ft |
|
request or a |
|
.Xr tbl 7 |
|
.Ic \&f |
|
layout modifier has an unknown |
|
.Ar font |
|
argument. |
|
.It Sy "odd number of characters in request" |
|
.Pq roff |
|
A |
|
.Ic \&tr |
|
request contains an odd number of characters. |
|
The last character is mapped to the blank character. |
|
.El |
|
.Ss "Warnings related to plain text" |
|
.Bl -ohang |
|
.It Sy "blank line in fill mode, using .sp" |
|
.Pq mdoc |
|
The meaning of blank input lines is only well-defined in non-fill mode: |
|
In fill mode, line breaks of text input lines are not supposed to be |
|
significant. |
|
However, for compatibility with groff, blank lines in fill mode |
|
are replaced with |
|
.Ic \&sp |
|
requests. |
|
.It Sy "tab in filled text" |
|
.Pq mdoc , man |
|
The meaning of tab characters is only well-defined in non-fill mode: |
|
In fill mode, whitespace is not supposed to be significant |
|
on text input lines. |
|
As an implementation dependent choice, tab characters on text lines |
|
are passed through to the formatters in any case. |
|
Given that the text before the tab character will be filled, |
|
it is hard to predict which tab stop position the tab will advance to. |
|
.It Sy "whitespace at end of input line" |
|
.Pq mdoc , man , roff |
|
Whitespace at the end of input lines is almost never semantically |
|
significant \(em but in the odd case where it might be, it is |
|
extremely confusing when reviewing and maintaining documents. |
|
.It Sy "new sentence, new line" |
|
.Pq mdoc |
|
A new sentence starts in the middle of a text line. |
|
Start it on a new input line to help formatters produce correct spacing. |
|
.It Sy "bad comment style" |
|
.Pq roff |
|
Comment lines start with a dot, a backslash, and a double-quote character. |
|
The |
|
.Nm |
|
utility treats the line as a comment line even without the backslash, |
|
but leaving out the backslash might not be portable. |
|
.It Sy "invalid escape sequence" |
|
.Pq roff |
|
An escape sequence has an invalid opening argument delimiter, lacks the |
|
closing argument delimiter, or the argument has too few characters. |
|
If the argument is incomplete, |
|
.Ic \e* |
|
and |
|
.Ic \en |
|
expand to an empty string, |
|
.Ic \eB |
|
to the digit |
|
.Sq 0 , |
|
and |
|
.Ic \ew |
|
to the length of the incomplete argument. |
|
All other invalid escape sequences are ignored. |
|
.It Sy "undefined string, using \(dq\(dq" |
|
.Pq roff |
|
If a string is used without being defined before, |
|
its value is implicitly set to the empty string. |
|
However, defining strings explicitly before use |
|
keeps the code more readable. |
|
.El |
|
.Ss "Warnings related to tables" |
|
.Bl -ohang |
|
.It Sy "tbl line starts with span" |
|
.Pq tbl |
|
The first cell in a table layout line is a horizontal span |
|
.Pq Sq Cm s . |
|
Data provided for this cell is ignored, and nothing is printed in the cell. |
|
.It Sy "tbl column starts with span" |
|
.Pq tbl |
|
The first line of a table layout specification |
|
requests a vertical span |
|
.Pq Sq Cm ^ . |
|
Data provided for this cell is ignored, and nothing is printed in the cell. |
|
.It Sy "skipping vertical bar in tbl layout" |
|
.Pq tbl |
|
A table layout specification contains more than two consecutive vertical bars. |
|
A double bar is printed, all additional bars are discarded. |
|
.El |
|
.Ss "Errors related to tables" |
|
.Bl -ohang |
|
.It Sy "non-alphabetic character in tbl options" |
|
.Pq tbl |
|
The table options line contains a character other than a letter, |
|
blank, or comma where the beginning of an option name is expected. |
|
The character is ignored. |
|
.It Sy "skipping unknown tbl option" |
|
.Pq tbl |
|
The table options line contains a string of letters that does not |
|
match any known option name. |
|
The word is ignored. |
|
.It Sy "missing tbl option argument" |
|
.Pq tbl |
|
A table option that requires an argument is not followed by an |
|
opening parenthesis, or the opening parenthesis is immediately |
|
followed by a closing parenthesis. |
|
The option is ignored. |
|
.It Sy "wrong tbl option argument size" |
|
.Pq tbl |
|
A table option argument contains an invalid number of characters. |
|
Both the option and the argument are ignored. |
|
.It Sy "empty tbl layout" |
|
.Pq tbl |
|
A table layout specification is completely empty, |
|
specifying zero lines and zero columns. |
|
As a fallback, a single left-justified column is used. |
|
.It Sy "invalid character in tbl layout" |
|
.Pq tbl |
|
A table layout specification contains a character that can neither |
|
be interpreted as a layout key character nor as a layout modifier, |
|
or a modifier precedes the first key. |
|
The invalid character is discarded. |
|
.It Sy "unmatched parenthesis in tbl layout" |
|
.Pq tbl |
|
A table layout specification contains an opening parenthesis, |
|
but no matching closing parenthesis. |
|
The rest of the input line, starting from the parenthesis, has no effect. |
|
.It Sy "tbl without any data cells" |
|
.Pq tbl |
|
A table does not contain any data cells. |
|
It will probably produce no output. |
|
.It Sy "ignoring data in spanned tbl cell" |
|
.Pq tbl |
|
A table cell is marked as a horizontal span |
|
.Pq Sq Cm s |
|
or vertical span |
|
.Pq Sq Cm ^ |
|
in the table layout, but it contains data. |
|
The data is ignored. |
|
.It Sy "ignoring extra tbl data cells" |
|
.Pq tbl |
|
A data line contains more cells than the corresponding layout line. |
|
The data in the extra cells is ignored. |
|
.It Sy "data block open at end of tbl" |
|
.Pq tbl |
|
A data block is opened with |
|
.Cm T{ , |
|
but never closed with a matching |
|
.Cm T} . |
|
The remaining data lines of the table are all put into one cell, |
|
and any remaining cells stay empty. |
|
.El |
|
.Ss "Errors related to roff, mdoc, and man code" |
|
.Bl -ohang |
|
.It Sy "input stack limit exceeded, infinite loop?" |
|
.Pq roff |
|
Explicit recursion limits are implemented for the following features, |
|
in order to prevent infinite loops: |
|
.Bl -dash -compact |
|
.It |
|
expansion of nested escape sequences |
|
including expansion of strings and number registers, |
|
.It |
|
expansion of nested user-defined macros, |
|
.It |
|
and |
|
.Ic \&so |
|
file inclusion. |
|
.El |
|
When a limit is hit, the output is incorrect, typically losing |
|
some content, but the parser can continue. |
|
.It Sy "skipping bad character" |
|
.Pq mdoc , man , roff |
|
The input file contains a byte that is not a printable |
|
.Xr ascii 7 |
|
character. |
|
The message mentions the character number. |
|
The offending byte is replaced with a question mark |
|
.Pq Sq \&? . |
|
Consider editing the input file to replace the byte with an ASCII |
|
transliteration of the intended character. |
|
.It Sy "skipping unknown macro" |
|
.Pq mdoc , man , roff |
|
The first identifier on a request or macro line is neither recognized as a |
|
.Xr roff 7 |
|
request, nor as a user-defined macro, nor, respectively, as an |
|
.Xr mdoc 7 |
|
or |
|
.Xr man 7 |
|
macro. |
|
It may be mistyped or unsupported. |
|
The request or macro is discarded including its arguments. |
|
.It Sy "skipping insecure request" |
|
.Pq roff |
|
An input file attempted to run a shell command |
|
or to read or write an external file. |
|
Such attempts are denied for security reasons. |
|
.It Sy "skipping item outside list" |
|
.Pq mdoc , eqn |
|
An |
|
.Ic \&It |
|
macro occurs outside any |
|
.Ic \&Bl |
|
list, or an |
|
.Xr eqn 7 |
|
.Ic above |
|
delimiter occurs outside any pile. |
|
It is discarded including its arguments. |
|
.It Sy "skipping column outside column list" |
|
.Pq mdoc |
|
A |
|
.Ic \&Ta |
|
macro occurs outside any |
|
.Ic \&Bl Fl column |
|
block. |
|
It is discarded including its arguments. |
|
.It Sy "skipping end of block that is not open" |
|
.Pq mdoc , man , eqn , tbl , roff |
|
Various syntax elements can only be used to explicitly close blocks |
|
that have previously been opened. |
|
An |
|
.Xr mdoc 7 |
|
block closing macro, a |
|
.Xr man 7 |
|
.Ic \&RE |
|
or |
|
.Ic \&UE |
|
macro, an |
|
.Xr eqn 7 |
|
right delimiter or closing brace, or the end of an equation, table, or |
|
.Xr roff 7 |
|
conditional request is encountered but no matching block is open. |
|
The offending request or macro is discarded. |
|
.It Sy "fewer RS blocks open, skipping" |
|
.Pq man |
|
The |
|
.Ic \&RE |
|
macro is invoked with an argument, but less than the specified number of |
|
.Ic \&RS |
|
blocks is open. |
|
The |
|
.Ic \&RE |
|
macro is discarded. |
|
.It Sy "inserting missing end of block" |
|
.Pq mdoc , tbl |
|
Various |
|
.Xr mdoc 7 |
|
macros as well as tables require explicit closing by dedicated macros. |
|
A block that doesn't support bad nesting |
|
ends before all of its children are properly closed. |
|
The open child nodes are closed implicitly. |
|
.It Sy "appending missing end of block" |
|
.Pq mdoc , man , eqn , tbl , roff |
|
At the end of the document, an explicit |
|
.Xr mdoc 7 |
|
block, a |
|
.Xr man 7 |
|
next-line scope or |
|
.Ic \&RS |
|
or |
|
.Ic \&UR |
|
block, an equation, table, or |
|
.Xr roff 7 |
|
conditional or ignore block is still open. |
|
The open block is closed implicitly. |
|
.It Sy "escaped character not allowed in a name" |
|
.Pq roff |
|
Macro, string and register identifiers consist of printable, |
|
non-whitespace ASCII characters. |
|
Escape sequences and characters and strings expressed in terms of them |
|
cannot form part of a name. |
|
The first argument of an |
|
.Ic \&am , |
|
.Ic \&as , |
|
.Ic \&de , |
|
.Ic \&ds , |
|
.Ic \&nr , |
|
or |
|
.Ic \&rr |
|
request, or any argument of an |
|
.Ic \&rm |
|
request, or the name of a request or user defined macro being called, |
|
is terminated by an escape sequence. |
|
In the cases of |
|
.Ic \&as , |
|
.Ic \&ds , |
|
and |
|
.Ic \&nr , |
|
the request has no effect at all. |
|
In the cases of |
|
.Ic \&am , |
|
.Ic \&de , |
|
.Ic \&rr , |
|
and |
|
.Ic \&rm , |
|
what was parsed up to this point is used as the arguments to the request, |
|
and the rest of the input line is discarded including the escape sequence. |
|
When parsing for a request or a user-defined macro name to be called, |
|
only the escape sequence is discarded. |
|
The characters preceding it are used as the request or macro name, |
|
the characters following it are used as the arguments to the request or macro. |
|
.It Sy "NOT IMPLEMENTED: Bd -file" |
|
.Pq mdoc |
|
For security reasons, the |
|
.Ic \&Bd |
|
macro does not support the |
|
.Fl file |
|
argument. |
|
By requesting the inclusion of a sensitive file, a malicious document |
|
might otherwise trick a privileged user into inadvertently displaying |
|
the file on the screen, revealing the file content to bystanders. |
|
The argument is ignored including the file name following it. |
|
.It Sy "skipping display without arguments" |
|
.Pq mdoc |
|
A |
|
.Ic \&Bd |
|
block macro does not have any arguments. |
|
The block is discarded, and the block content is displayed in |
|
whatever mode was active before the block. |
|
.It Sy "missing list type, using -item" |
|
.Pq mdoc |
|
A |
|
.Ic \&Bl |
|
macro fails to specify the list type. |
|
.It Sy "missing manual name, using \(dq\(dq" |
|
.Pq mdoc |
|
The first call to |
|
.Ic \&Nm , |
|
or any call in the NAME section, lacks the required argument. |
|
.It Sy "uname(3) system call failed, using UNKNOWN" |
|
.Pq mdoc |
|
The |
|
.Ic \&Os |
|
macro is called without arguments, and the |
|
.Xr uname 3 |
|
system call failed. |
|
As a workaround, |
|
.Nm |
|
can be compiled with |
|
.Sm off |
|
.Fl D Cm OSNAME=\(dq\e\(dq Ar string Cm \e\(dq\(dq . |
|
.Sm on |
|
.It Sy "unknown standard specifier" |
|
.Pq mdoc |
|
An |
|
.Ic \&St |
|
macro has an unknown argument and is discarded. |
|
.It Sy "skipping request without numeric argument" |
|
.Pq roff , eqn |
|
An |
|
.Ic \&it |
|
request or an |
|
.Xr eqn 7 |
|
.Ic \&size |
|
or |
|
.Ic \&gsize |
|
statement has a non-numeric or negative argument or no argument at all. |
|
The invalid request or statement is ignored. |
|
.It Sy "NOT IMPLEMENTED: .so with absolute path or \(dq..\(dq" |
|
.Pq roff |
|
For security reasons, |
|
.Nm |
|
allows |
|
.Ic \&so |
|
file inclusion requests only with relative paths |
|
and only without ascending to any parent directory. |
|
By requesting the inclusion of a sensitive file, a malicious document |
|
might otherwise trick a privileged user into inadvertently displaying |
|
the file on the screen, revealing the file content to bystanders. |
|
.Nm |
|
only shows the path as it appears behind |
|
.Ic \&so . |
|
.It Sy ".so request failed" |
|
.Pq roff |
|
Servicing a |
|
.Ic \&so |
|
request requires reading an external file, but the file could not be |
|
opened. |
|
.Nm |
|
only shows the path as it appears behind |
|
.Ic \&so . |
|
.It Sy "skipping all arguments" |
|
.Pq mdoc , man , eqn , roff |
|
An |
|
.Xr mdoc 7 |
|
.Ic \&Bt , |
|
.Ic \&Ed , |
|
.Ic \&Ef , |
|
.Ic \&Ek , |
|
.Ic \&El , |
|
.Ic \&Lp , |
|
.Ic \&Pp , |
|
.Ic \&Re , |
|
.Ic \&Rs , |
|
or |
|
.Ic \&Ud |
|
macro, an |
|
.Ic \&It |
|
macro in a list that don't support item heads, a |
|
.Xr man 7 |
|
.Ic \&LP , |
|
.Ic \&P , |
|
or |
|
.Ic \&PP |
|
macro, an |
|
.Xr eqn 7 |
|
.Ic \&EQ |
|
or |
|
.Ic \&EN |
|
macro, or a |
|
.Xr roff 7 |
|
.Ic \&br , |
|
.Ic \&fi , |
|
or |
|
.Ic \&nf |
|
request or |
|
.Sq \&.. |
|
block closing request is invoked with at least one argument. |
|
All arguments are ignored. |
|
.It Sy "skipping excess arguments" |
|
.Pq mdoc , man , roff |
|
A macro or request is invoked with too many arguments: |
|
.Bl -dash -offset 2n -width 2n -compact |
|
.It |
|
.Ic \&Fo , |
|
.Ic \&PD , |
|
.Ic \&RS , |
|
.Ic \&UR , |
|
.Ic \&ft , |
|
or |
|
.Ic \&sp |
|
with more than one argument |
|
.It |
|
.Ic \&An |
|
with another argument after |
|
.Fl split |
|
or |
|
.Fl nosplit |
|
.It |
|
.Ic \&RE |
|
with more than one argument or with a non-integer argument |
|
.It |
|
.Ic \&OP |
|
or a request of the |
|
.Ic \&de |
|
family with more than two arguments |
|
.It |
|
.Ic \&Dt |
|
with more than three arguments |
|
.It |
|
.Ic \&TH |
|
with more than five arguments |
|
.It |
|
.Ic \&Bd , |
|
.Ic \&Bk , |
|
or |
|
.Ic \&Bl |
|
with invalid arguments |
|
.El |
|
The excess arguments are ignored. |
|
.El |
|
.Ss Unsupported features |
|
.Bl -ohang |
|
.It Sy "input too large" |
|
.Pq mdoc , man |
|
Currently, |
|
.Nm |
|
cannot handle input files larger than its arbitrary size limit |
|
of 2^31 bytes (2 Gigabytes). |
|
Since useful manuals are always small, this is not a problem in practice. |
|
Parsing is aborted as soon as the condition is detected. |
|
.It Sy "unsupported control character" |
|
.Pq roff |
|
An ASCII control character supported by other |
|
.Xr roff 7 |
|
implementations but not by |
|
.Nm |
|
was found in an input file. |
|
It is replaced by a question mark. |
|
.It Sy "unsupported roff request" |
|
.Pq roff |
|
An input file contains a |
|
.Xr roff 7 |
|
request supported by GNU troff or Heirloom troff but not by |
|
.Nm , |
|
and it is likely that this will cause information loss |
|
or considerable misformatting. |
|
.It Sy "eqn delim option in tbl" |
|
.Pq eqn , tbl |
|
The options line of a table defines equation delimiters. |
|
Any equation source code contained in the table will be printed unformatted. |
|
.It Sy "unsupported table layout modifier" |
|
.Pq tbl |
|
A table layout specification contains an |
|
.Sq Cm m |
|
modifier. |
|
The modifier is discarded. |
|
.It Sy "ignoring macro in table" |
|
.Pq tbl , mdoc , man |
|
A table contains an invocation of an |
|
.Xr mdoc 7 |
|
or |
|
.Xr man 7 |
|
macro or of an undefined macro. |
|
The macro is ignored, and its arguments are handled |
|
as if they were a text line. |
|
.El |
|
.Sh SEE ALSO |
|
.Xr apropos 1 , |
|
.Xr man 1 , |
|
.Xr eqn 7 , |
|
.Xr man 7 , |
|
.Xr mandoc_char 7 , |
|
.Xr mdoc 7 , |
|
.Xr roff 7 , |
|
.Xr tbl 7 |
|
.Sh HISTORY |
|
The |
|
.Nm |
|
utility first appeared in |
|
.Ox 4.8 . |
|
The option |
|
.Fl I |
|
appeared in |
|
.Ox 5.2 , |
|
and |
|
.Fl aCcfhKklMSsw |
|
in |
|
.Ox 5.7 . |
|
.Sh AUTHORS |
|
.An -nosplit |
|
The |
|
.Nm |
|
utility was written by |
|
.An Kristaps Dzonsons Aq Mt kristaps@bsd.lv |
|
and is maintained by |
|
.An Ingo Schwarze Aq Mt schwarze@openbsd.org . |