mandoc/mandoc.1 - diff

Return to mandoc.1 CVS log

Up to [cvsweb.bsd.lv] / mandoc

Diff for /mandoc/mandoc.1 between version 1.157 and 1.190

version 1.157, 2015/03/27 21:40:04

version 1.190, 2017/05/30 20:25:32

Line 1

.\" $Id$

.\"

.\" Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any

.\" purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above

Line 20

.Os

.Sh NAME

.Nm mandoc

.Nd format and display UNIX manuals

.Nd format manual pages

.Sh SYNOPSIS

.Nm mandoc

.Op Fl acfhkl

.Op Fl ac

.Op Fl I Cm os Ns = Ns Ar name

.Op Fl K Ar encoding

.Op Fl m Ns Ar format

.Op Fl mdoc | man

.Op Fl O Ar option

.Op Fl O Ar options

.Op Fl T Ar output

.Op Fl W Ar level

.Op Ar

Line 44 reads

.Xr mdoc 7

.Xr man 7

text from stdin, implying

text from stdin and produces

.Fl m Ns Cm andoc ,

and produces

.Fl T Cm locale

output.

.Pp

Line 67 to paginate them.

Line 65 to paginate them.

This is the default.

It can be specified to override

.Fl a .

.It Fl f

A synonym for

.Xr whatis 1 .

This overrides any earlier

.Fl k

and

.Fl l

options.

.It Fl I Cm os Ns = Ns Ar name

Override the default operating system

.Ar name

for the

.Xr mdoc 7

.Sq \&Os

.Ic \&Os

and for the

.Xr man 7

.Sq \&TH

.Ic \&TH

macro.

.It Fl h

Display only the SYNOPSIS lines.

Implies

.Fl c .

.It Fl K Ar encoding

Specify the input encoding.

The supported

Line 98 arguments are

Line 84 arguments are

.Cm iso-8859-1 ,

and

.Cm utf-8 .

If not specified, autodetection uses the first match:

If not specified, autodetection uses the first match in the following

.Bl -tag -width iso-8859-1

list:

.It Cm utf-8

.Bl -enum

if the first three bytes of the input file

.It

are the UTF-8 byte order mark (BOM, 0xefbbbf)

If the first three bytes of the input file are the UTF-8 byte order

.It Ar encoding

mark (BOM, 0xefbbbf), input is interpreted as

if the first or second line of the input file matches the

.Cm utf-8 .

.It

If the first or second line of the input file matches the

.Sy emacs

mode line format

.Pp

.D1 .\e" -*- Oo ...; Oc coding: Ar encoding ; No -*-

.It Cm utf-8

.Pp

if the first non-ASCII byte in the file introduces a valid UTF-8 sequence

then input is interpreted according to

.It Cm iso-8859-1

.Ar encoding .

otherwise

.It

If the first non-ASCII byte in the file introduces a valid UTF-8

sequence, input is interpreted as

.Cm utf-8 .

.It

Otherwise, input is interpreted as

.Cm iso-8859-1 .

.El

.It Fl k

.It Fl mdoc | man

A synonym for

With

.Xr apropos 1 .

.Fl mdoc ,

This overrides any earlier

all input files are interpreted as

.Fl f

.Xr mdoc 7 .

and

With

.Fl l

.Fl man ,

options.

all input files are interpreted as

.It Fl l

.Xr man 7 .

A synonym for

By default, the input language is automatically detected for each file:

.Fl a .

if the the first macro is

Also reverts any earlier

.Ic \&Dd

.Fl f

and

.Ic \&Dt ,

.Fl k

the

options.

.Xr mdoc 7

.It Fl m Ns Ar format

parser is used; otherwise, the

Input format.

.Xr man 7

See

parser is used.

.Sx Input Formats

With other arguments,

for available formats.

.Fl m

Defaults to

is silently ignored.

.Fl m Ns Cm andoc .

.It Fl O Ar options

.It Fl O Ar option

Comma-separated output options.

.It Fl T Ar output

Output format.

Line 153 to be reported on the standard error output and to aff

Line 146 to be reported on the standard error output and to aff

The

.Ar level

can be

.Cm style ,

.Cm warning ,

.Cm error ,

.Cm unsupp ;

.Cm all

is an alias for

.Cm warning .

.Cm style .

By default,

.Nm

is silent.

Line 190 If multiple files are specified,

Line 184 If multiple files are specified,

will halt with the first failed parse.

.El

.Pp

The options

.Fl fhklw

are also supported and are documented in man(1).

.Fl f

and

Line 197 and

Line 194 and

mode,

.Nm

also supports the options

.Fl CMmOSsw

.Fl CMmOSs

described in the

.Xr apropos 1

manual.

.Ss Input Formats

The options

The

.Fl fkl

.Nm

are mutually exclusive and override each other.

utility accepts

.Xr mdoc 7

and

.Xr man 7

input with

.Fl m Ns Cm doc

and

.Fl m Ns Cm an ,

respectively.

The

.Xr mdoc 7

format is

.Em strongly

recommended;

.Xr man 7

should only be used for legacy manuals.

.Pp

A third option,

.Fl m Ns Cm andoc ,

which is also the default, determines encoding on-the-fly: if the first

non-comment macro is

.Sq \&Dd

.Sq \&Dt ,

the

.Xr mdoc 7

parser is used; otherwise, the

.Xr man 7

parser is used.

.Pp

If multiple

files are specified with

.Fl m Ns Cm andoc ,

each has its file-type determined this way.

If multiple files are

specified and

.Fl m Ns Cm doc

.Fl m Ns Cm an

is specified, then this format is used exclusively.

.Ss Output Formats

The

.Nm

utility accepts the following

.Fl T

arguments, which correspond to output modes:

.Bl -tag -width "-T locale"

.Bl -tag -width "-T markdown"

.It Fl T Cm ascii

Produce 7-bit ASCII output.

See

Line 274 Produce

Line 231 Produce

format output.

See

.Sx Man Output .

.It Fl T Cm markdown

Produce output in

.Sy markdown

format.

See

.Sx Markdown Output .

.It Fl T Cm pdf

Produce PDF output.

See

Line 284 See

Line 247 See

.Sx PostScript Output .

.It Fl T Cm tree

Produce an indented parse tree.

See

.Sx Syntax tree output .

.It Fl T Cm utf8

Encode output in the UTF\-8 multi-byte format.

See

.Sx UTF\-8 Output .

.It Fl T Cm xhtml

This is a synonym for

.Fl T Cm html .

.El

.Pp

If multiple input files are specified, these will be processed by the

Line 347 Equations rendered from

Line 309 Equations rendered from

blocks use MathML.

.Pp

The

.Pa example.style.css

.Pa mandoc.css

file documents style-sheet classes available for customising output.

If a style-sheet is not specified with

.Fl O Cm style ,

Line 375 The string

Line 337 The string

for example,

.Ar ../src/%I.html ,

is used as a template for linked header files (usually via the

.Sq \&In

.Ic \&In

macro).

Instances of

.Sq \&%I

Line 388 The string

Line 350 The string

for example,

.Ar ../html%S/%N.%S.html ,

is used as a template for linked manuals (usually via the

.Sq \&Xr

.Ic \&Xr

macro).

Instances of

.Sq \&%N

Line 434 If the input format is

Line 396 If the input format is

.Xr man 7 ,

the input is copied to the output, expanding any

.Xr roff 7

.Sq so

.Ic so

requests.

The parser is also run, and as usual, the

.Fl W

level controls which

.Sx DIAGNOSTICS

are displayed before copying the input to the output.

.Ss Markdown Output

Translate

.Xr mdoc 7

input to the

.Sy markdown

format conforming to

.Lk http://daringfireball.net/projects/markdown/syntax.text\

"John Gruber's 2004 specification" .

The output also almost conforms to the

.Lk http://commonmark.org/ CommonMark

specification.

.Pp

The character set used for the markdown output is ASCII.

Non-ASCII characters are encoded as HTML entities.

Since that is not possible in literal font contexts, because these

are rendered as code spans and code blocks in the markdown output,

non-ASCII characters are transliterated to ASCII approximations in

these contexts.

.Pp

Markdown is a very weak markup language, so all semantic markup is

lost, and even part of the presentational markup may be lost.

Do not use this as an intermediate step in converting to HTML;

instead, use

.Fl T Cm html

directly.

.Pp

The

.Xr man 7 ,

.Xr tbl 7 ,

and

.Xr eqn 7

input languages are not supported by

.Fl T Cm markdown

output mode.

.Ss PDF Output

PDF-1.1 output may be generated by

.Fl T Cm pdf .

Line 490 to force a UTF\-8 locale.

Line 486 to force a UTF\-8 locale.

See

.Sx Locale Output

for details and options.

.Ss Syntax tree output

Use

.Fl T Cm tree

to show a human readable representation of the syntax tree.

It is useful for debugging the source code of manual pages.

The exact format is subject to change, so don't write parsers for it.

.Pp

The first paragraph shows meta data found in the

.Xr mdoc 7

prologue, on the

.Xr man 7

.Ic \&TH

line, or the fallbacks used.

.Pp

In the tree dump, each output line shows one syntax tree node.

Child nodes are indented with respect to their parent node.

The columns are:

.Pp

.Bl -enum -compact

.It

For macro nodes, the macro name; for text and

.Xr tbl 7

nodes, the content.

There is a special format for

.Xr eqn 7

nodes.

.It

Node type (text, elem, block, head, body, body-end, tail, tbl, eqn).

.It

Flags:

.Bl -dash -compact

.It

An opening parenthesis if the node is an opening delimiter.

.It

An asterisk if the node starts a new input line.

.It

The input line number (starting at one).

.It

A colon.

.It

The input column number (starting at one).

.It

A closing parenthesis if the node is a closing delimiter.

.It

A full stop if the node ends a sentence.

.It

BROKEN if the node is a block broken by another block.

.It

NOSRC if the node is not in the input file,

but automatically generated from macros.

.It

NOPRT if the node is not supposed to generate output

for any output format.

.El

.Pp

The following

.Fl O

argument is accepted:

.Bl -tag -width Ds

.It Cm noval

Skip validation and show the unvalidated syntax tree.

This can help to find out whether a given behaviour is caused by

the parser or by the validator.

Meta data is not available in this case.

.El

.Sh ENVIRONMENT

.Bl -tag -width MANPAGER

.It Ev MANPAGER

Any non-empty value of the environment variable

.Ev MANPAGER

will be used instead of the standard pagination program,

is used instead of the standard pagination program,

.Xr more 1 .

.Xr more 1 ;

see

.Xr man 1

for details.

Only used if

.Fl a

.Fl l

is specified.

.It Ev PAGER

Specifies the pagination program to use when

.Ev MANPAGER

is not defined.

If neither PAGER nor MANPAGER is defined,

.Pa /usr/bin/more Fl s

.Xr more 1

will be used.

.Fl s

is used.

Only used if

.Fl a

.Fl l

is specified.

.El

.Sh EXIT STATUS

The

Line 516 option:

Line 592 option:

.Pp

.Bl -tag -width Ds -compact

.It 0

No warnings or errors occurred, or those that did were ignored because

No style suggestions, warnings or errors occurred, or those that

they were lower than the requested

did were ignored because they were lower than the requested

.Ar level .

.It 1

At least one style suggestion occurred, but no warning or error, and

.Fl W Cm style

was specified.

.It 2

At least one warning occurred, but no error, and

.Fl W Cm warning

.Fl W Cm style

was specified.

.It 3

At least one parsing error occurred,

but no unsupported feature was encountered, and

.Fl W Cm error

or a lower

.Fl W Cm warning

.Ar level

was specified.

was requested.

.It 4

At least one unsupported feature was encountered, and

.Fl W Cm unsupp ,

.Fl W Cm unsupp

.Fl W Cm error

or a lower

.Ar level

.Fl W Cm warning

was requested.

was specified.

.It 5

Invalid command line arguments were specified.

No input files have been read.

Line 555 output mode implies

Line 636 output mode implies

.Sh EXAMPLES

To page manuals to the terminal:

.Pp

.Dl $ mandoc \-W all,stop mandoc.1 2\*(Gt&1 | less

.Dl $ mandoc -l mandoc.1 man.1 apropos.1 makewhatis.8

.Dl $ mandoc mandoc.1 mdoc.3 mdoc.7 | less

.Pp

To produce HTML manuals with

.Ar style.css

.Pa mandoc.css

as the style-sheet:

.Pp

.Dl $ mandoc \-T html -O style=style.css mdoc.7 \*(Gt mdoc.7.html

.Dl $ mandoc \-T html -O style=mandoc.css mdoc.7 \*(Gt mdoc.7.html

.Pp

To check over a large set of manuals:

.Pp

.Dl $ mandoc \-T lint `find /usr/src -name \e*\e.[1-9]`

.Dl $ mandoc \-T lint \(gafind /usr/src -name \e*\e.[1-9]\(ga

.Pp

To produce a series of PostScript manuals for A4 paper:

.Pp

Line 636 rendering can be produced.

Line 716 rendering can be produced.

Documents causing warnings may render poorly when using other

formatting tools instead of

.Nm .

.It Cm style

An input file uses dubious or discouraged style.

This is not a complaint about the syntax, and probably neither

formatting nor portability are in danger.

While great care is taken to avoid false positives on the higher

message levels, the

.Cm style

level tries to reduce the probability that issues go unnoticed,

so it may occasionally issue bogus suggestions.

Please use your good judgement to decide whether any particular

.Cm style

suggestion really justifies a change to the input file.

.El

.Pp

Messages of the

.Cm style ,

.Cm warning ,

.Cm error ,

and

Line 649 are hidden unless their level, or a lower level, is re

Line 742 are hidden unless their level, or a lower level, is re

option or

.Fl T Cm lint

output mode.

.Ss Style messages

.Bl -ohang

.It Sy "useless macro"

.Pq mdoc

.Ic \&Bt ,

.Ic \&Tn ,

.Ic \&Ud

macro was found.

Simply delete it: it serves no useful purpose.

.El

.Ss Warnings related to the document prologue

.Bl -ohang

.It Sy "missing manual title, using UNTITLED"

Line 767 This may confuse

Line 872 This may confuse

.Xr makewhatis 8

and

.Xr apropos 1 .

.It Sy "NAME section without name"

.It Sy "NAME section without Nm before Nd"

.Pq mdoc

The NAME section does not contain any

.Ic \&Nm

child macro.

child macro before the first

.Ic \&Nd

macro.

.It Sy "NAME section without description"

.Pq mdoc

The NAME section lacks the mandatory

Line 788 The NAME section contains plain text or macros other t

Line 895 The NAME section contains plain text or macros other t

.Ic \&Nm

and

.Ic \&Nd .

.It Sy "missing comma before name"

.Pq mdoc

The NAME section contains an

.Ic \&Nm

macro that is neither the first one nor preceded by a comma.

.It Sy "missing description line, using \(dq\(dq"

.Pq mdoc

The

.Ic \&Nd

macro lacks the required argument.

The title line of the manual will end after the dash.

.It Sy "description line outside NAME section"

.Pq mdoc

.Ic \&Nd

macro appears outside the NAME section.

The arguments are printed anyway and the following text is used for

.Xr apropos 1 ,

but none of that behaviour is portable.

.It Sy "sections out of conventional order"

.Pq mdoc

A standard section occurs after another section it usually precedes.

Line 933 list block contains text or macros before the first

Line 1053 list block contains text or macros before the first

.Ic \&It

macro.

The offending children are moved before the beginning of the list.

.It Sy ".Vt block has child macro"

.Pq mdoc

The

.Ic \&Vt

macro supports plain text arguments only.

Formatting may be ugly and semantic searching

for the affected content might not work.

.It Sy "fill mode already enabled, skipping"

.Pq man

Line 1019 or

Line 1132 or

.Ic \&Bl

.Fl offset

.Fl width.

.Fl width .

.It Sy "missing display type, using -ragged"

.Pq mdoc

The

Line 1112 macro is immediately followed by an

Line 1225 macro is immediately followed by an

.Ic \&Re

macro on the next input line.

Such an empty block does not produce any output.

.It Sy "missing section argument"

.Pq mdoc

.Ic \&Xr

macro lacks its second, section number argument.

The first argument, i.e. the name, is printed, but without subsequent

parentheses.

.It Sy "missing -std argument, adding it"

.Pq mdoc

Line 1294 it is hard to predict which tab stop position the tab

Line 1414 it is hard to predict which tab stop position the tab

Whitespace at the end of input lines is almost never semantically

significant \(em but in the odd case where it might be, it is

extremely confusing when reviewing and maintaining documents.

.It Sy "new sentence, new line"

.Pq mdoc

A new sentence starts in the middle of a text line.

Start it on a new input line to help formatters produce correct spacing.

.It Sy "bad comment style"

.Pq roff

Comment lines start with a dot, a backslash, and a double-quote character.

Line 1565 By requesting the inclusion of a sensitive file, a mal

Line 1689 By requesting the inclusion of a sensitive file, a mal

might otherwise trick a privileged user into inadvertently displaying

the file on the screen, revealing the file content to bystanders.

The argument is ignored including the file name following it.

.It Sy "skipping display without arguments"

.Pq mdoc

.Ic \&Bd

block macro does not have any arguments.

The block is discarded, and the block content is displayed in

whatever mode was active before the block.

.It Sy "missing list type, using -item"

.Pq mdoc

Line 1573 macro fails to specify the list type.

Line 1704 macro fails to specify the list type.

.It Sy "missing manual name, using \(dq\(dq"

.Pq mdoc

The first call to

.Ic \&Nm

.Ic \&Nm ,

lacks the required argument.

or any call in the NAME section, lacks the required argument.

.It Sy "uname(3) system call failed, using UNKNOWN"

.Pq mdoc

The

Line 1762 as if they were a text line.

Line 1893 as if they were a text line.

.Xr mdoc 7 ,

.Xr roff 7 ,

.Xr tbl 7

.Sh HISTORY

The

.Nm

utility first appeared in

.Ox 4.8 .

The option

.Fl I

appeared in

.Ox 5.2 ,

and

.Fl aCcfhKklMSsw

.Ox 5.7 .

.Sh AUTHORS

.An -nosplit

The

Line 1770 utility was written by

Line 1914 utility was written by

.An Kristaps Dzonsons Aq Mt kristaps@bsd.lv

and is maintained by

.An Ingo Schwarze Aq Mt schwarze@openbsd.org .

.Sh BUGS

.Fl T Cm html ,

the maximum size of an element attribute is determined by

.Dv BUFSIZ ,

which is usually 1024 bytes.

Be aware of this when setting long link

formats such as

.Fl O Cm style Ns = Ns Ar really/long/link .

CVSweb