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Diff for /mandoc/mandoc.1 between version 1.24 and 1.75

version 1.24, 2009/07/06 09:34:29 version 1.75, 2010/08/18 08:40:22
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 .\"     $Id$  .\"     $Id$
 .\"  .\"
 .\" Copyright (c) 2009 Kristaps Dzonsons <kristaps@kth.se>  .\" Copyright (c) 2009, 2010 Kristaps Dzonsons <kristaps@bsd.lv>
 .\"  .\"
 .\" Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any  .\" Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any
 .\" purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above  .\" purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
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 .Dd $Mdocdate$  .Dd $Mdocdate$
 .Dt MANDOC 1  .Dt MANDOC 1
 .Os  .Os
 .\" SECTION  
 .Sh NAME  .Sh NAME
 .Nm mandoc  .Nm mandoc
 .Nd format and display UNIX manuals  .Nd format and display UNIX manuals
 .\" SECTION  
 .Sh SYNOPSIS  .Sh SYNOPSIS
 .Nm mandoc  .Nm mandoc
 .Op Fl V  .Op Fl V
 .Op Fl f Ns Ar option...  .Op Fl f Ns Ar option
 .Op Fl m Ns Ar format  .Op Fl m Ns Ar format
 .Op Fl W Ns Ar err...  .Op Fl O Ns Ar option
 .Op Fl T Ns Ar output  .Op Fl T Ns Ar output
 .Op Ar infile...  .Op Fl W Ns Ar err
 .\" SECTION  .Op Ar file...
 .Sh DESCRIPTION  .Sh DESCRIPTION
 The  The
 .Nm  .Nm
 utility formats  utility formats
 .Ux  .Ux
 manual pages for display.  The arguments are as follows:  manual pages for display.
   The arguments are as follows:
 .Bl -tag -width Ds  .Bl -tag -width Ds
 .\" ITEM  .It Fl f Ns Ar option
 .It Fl f Ns Ar option...  Comma-separated compiler options.
 Override default compiler behaviour.  See  See
 .Sx Compiler Options  .Sx Compiler Options
 for details.  for details.
 .\" ITEM  
 .It Fl m Ns Ar format  .It Fl m Ns Ar format
 Input format.  See  Input format.
   See
 .Sx Input Formats  .Sx Input Formats
 for available formats.  Defaults to  for available formats.
 .Fl m Ns Ar andoc .  Defaults to
 .\" ITEM  .Fl m Ns Cm andoc .
   .It Fl O Ns Ar option
   Comma-separated output options.
 .It Fl T Ns Ar output  .It Fl T Ns Ar output
 Output format.  See  Output format.
   See
 .Sx Output Formats  .Sx Output Formats
 for available formats.  Defaults to  for available formats.
 .Fl T Ns Ar ascii .  Defaults to
 .\" ITEM  .Fl T Ns Cm ascii .
 .It Fl V  .It Fl V
 Print version and exit.  Print version and exit.
 .\" ITEM  .It Fl W Ns Ar err
 .It Fl W Ns Ar err...  Comma-separated warning options.
 Configure warning messages.  Use  Use
 .Fl W Ns Ar all  .Fl W Ns Cm all
 to print warnings,  to print warnings,
 .Fl W Ns Ar error  .Fl W Ns Cm error
 for warnings to be considered errors and cause utility  for warnings to be considered errors and cause utility
 termination.  Multiple  termination.
   Multiple
 .Fl W  .Fl W
 arguments may be comma-separated, such as  arguments may be comma-separated, such as
 .Fl W Ns Ar error,all .  .Fl W Ns Cm error , Ns Cm all .
 .\" ITEM  .It Ar file
 .It Ar infile...  Read input from zero or more files.
 Read input from zero or more  If unspecified, reads from stdin.
 .Ar infile .  If multiple files are specified,
 If unspecified, reads from stdin.  If multiple files are specified,  
 .Nm  .Nm
 will halt with the first failed parse.  will halt with the first failed parse.
 .El  .El
 .\" PARAGRAPH  
 .Pp  .Pp
 By default,  By default,
 .Nm  .Nm
 reads  reads
 .Xr mdoc 7  .Xr mdoc 7
 or  or
 .Xr man 7  .Xr man 7
 text from stdin, implying  text from stdin, implying
 .Fl m Ns Ar andoc ,  .Fl m Ns Cm andoc ,
 and prints 78-column backspace-encoded output to stdout as if  and produces
 .Fl T Ns Ar ascii  .Fl T Ns Cm ascii
 were provided.  output.
 .\" PARAGRAPH  
 .Pp  .Pp
 .Ex -std mandoc  .Ex -std mandoc
 .\" SUB-SECTION  
 .Ss Punctuation and Spacing  
 If punctuation is set apart from words, such as in the phrase  
 .Dq to be \&, or not to be ,  
 it's processed by  
 .Nm  
 according to the following rules:  opening punctuation  
 .Po  
 .Sq \&( ,  
 .Sq \&[ ,  
 and  
 .Sq \&{  
 .Pc  
 is not followed by a space; closing punctuation  
 .Po  
 .Sq \&. ,  
 .Sq \&, ,  
 .Sq \&; ,  
 .Sq \&: ,  
 .Sq \&? ,  
 .Sq \&! ,  
 .Sq \&) ,  
 .Sq \&]  
 and  
 .Sq \&}  
 .Pc  
 is not preceded by whitespace.  
 .Pp  
 If the input is  
 .Xr mdoc 7 ,  
 these rules are also applied to macro arguments when appropriate.  
 .Pp  
 White-space, in non-literal (normal) mode, is stripped from input and  
 replaced on output by a single space.  Thus, if you wish to preserve  
 multiple spaces, they must be space-escaped  
 .Sq \e\  
 or used in a literal display mode, e.g.,  
 .Sq \&.Bd \-literal  
 in  
 .Xr mdoc 7 .  
 .\" SUB-SECTION  
 .Ss Input Formats  .Ss Input Formats
 The  The
 .Nm  .Nm
Line 142  utility accepts
Line 101  utility accepts
 and  and
 .Xr man 7  .Xr man 7
 input with  input with
 .Fl m Ns Ar doc  .Fl m Ns Cm doc
 and  and
 .Fl m Ns Ar an ,  .Fl m Ns Cm an ,
 respectively.  The  respectively.
   The
 .Xr mdoc 7  .Xr mdoc 7
 format is  format is
 .Em strongly  .Em strongly
 recommended;  recommended;
 .Xr man 7  .Xr man 7
 should only be used for legacy manuals.  should only be used for legacy manuals.
 .Pp  .Pp
 A third option,  A third option,
 .Fl m Ns Ar andoc ,  .Fl m Ns Cm andoc ,
 which is also the default, determines encoding on-the-fly: if the first  which is also the default, determines encoding on-the-fly: if the first
 non-comment macro is  non-comment macro is
 .Sq \&.Dd  .Sq \&Dd
 or  or
 .Sq \&.Dt ,  .Sq \&Dt ,
 the  the
 .Xr mdoc 7  .Xr mdoc 7
 parser is used; otherwise, the  parser is used; otherwise, the
 .Xr man 7  .Xr man 7
 parser is used.  parser is used.
 .Pp  .Pp
 If multiple  If multiple
 files are specified with  files are specified with
 .Fl m Ns Ar andoc ,  .Fl m Ns Cm andoc ,
 each has its file-type determined this way.  If multiple files are  each has its file-type determined this way.
   If multiple files are
 specified and  specified and
 .Fl m Ns Ar doc  .Fl m Ns Cm doc
 or  or
 .Fl m Ns Ar an  .Fl m Ns Cm an
 is specified, then this format is used exclusively.  is specified, then this format is used exclusively.
 .\" .Pp  .Ss Compiler Options
 .\" The following escape sequences are recognised, although the per-format  Default
 .\" compiler may not allow certain sequences.  .Xr mdoc 7
 .\" .Bl -tag -width Ds -offset XXXX  and
 .\" .It \efX  .Xr man 7
 .\" sets the font mode to X (B, I, R or P, where P resets the font)  compilation behaviour may be overridden with the
 .\" .It \eX, \e(XX, \e[XN]  .Fl f
 .\" queries the special-character table for a corresponding symbol  flag.
 .\" .It \e*X, \e*(XX, \e*[XN]  .Bl -tag -width Ds
 .\" deprecated special-character format  .It Fl f Ns Cm ign-errors
 .\" .El  When parsing multiple files, don't halt when one errors out.
 .\" SUB-SECTION  Useful with
   .Fl T Ns Cm lint
   over a large set of manuals passed on the command line.
   .It Fl f Ns Cm ign-escape
   Ignore invalid escape sequences.
   This is the default, but the option can be used to override an earlier
   .Fl f Ns Cm strict .
   .It Fl f Ns Cm ign-scope
   When rewinding the scope of a block macro, forces the compiler to ignore
   scope violations.
   This can seriously mangle the resulting tree.
   .Pq mdoc only
   .It Fl f Ns Cm no-ign-escape
   Do not ignore invalid escape sequences.
   .It Fl f Ns Cm no-ign-macro
   Do not ignore unknown macros at the start of input lines.
   .It Fl f Ns Cm strict
   Implies
   .Fl f Ns Cm no-ign-escape
   and
   .Fl f Ns Cm no-ign-macro .
   .El
 .Ss Output Formats  .Ss Output Formats
 The  The
 .Nm  .Nm
 utility accepts the following  utility accepts the following
 .Fl T  .Fl T
 arguments:  arguments, which correspond to output modes:
 .Bl -tag -width Ds  .Bl -tag -width Ds
 .It Fl T Ns Ar ascii  .It Fl T Ns Cm ascii
 Produce 7-bit ASCII output, backspace-encoded for bold and underline  Produce 7-bit ASCII output, backspace-encoded for bold and underline
 styles.  This is the default.  styles.
 .It Fl T Ns Ar tree  This is the default.
 Produce an indented parse tree.  See
 .It Fl T Ns Ar lint  .Sx ASCII Output .
   .It Fl T Ns Cm html
   Produce strict HTML-4.01 output, with a sane default style.
   See
   .Sx HTML Output .
   .It Fl T Ns Cm lint
 Parse only: produce no output.  Parse only: produce no output.
   Implies
   .Fl W Ns Cm all
   and
   .Fl f Ns Cm strict .
   .It Fl T Ns Cm pdf
   Produce PDF output.
   See
   .Sx PDF Output .
   .It Fl T Ns Cm ps
   Produce PostScript output.
   See
   .Sx PostScript Output .
   .It Fl T Ns Cm tree
   Produce an indented parse tree.
   .It Fl T Ns Cm xhtml
   Produce strict XHTML-1.0 output, with a sane default style.
   See
   .Sx XHTML Output .
 .El  .El
 .Pp  .Pp
 If multiple input files are specified, these will be processed by the  If multiple input files are specified, these will be processed by the
 corresponding filter in-order.  corresponding filter in-order.
 .\" SUB-SECTION  .Ss ASCII Output
 .Ss Compiler Options  Output produced by
 Default compiler behaviour may be overriden with the  .Fl T Ns Cm ascii ,
 .Fl f  which is the default, is rendered in standard 7-bit ASCII documented in
 flag.  .Xr ascii 7 .
   .Pp
   Font styles are applied by using back-spaced encoding such that an
   underlined character
   .Sq c
   is rendered as
   .Sq _ Ns \e[bs] Ns c ,
   where
   .Sq \e[bs]
   is the back-space character number 8.
   Emboldened characters are rendered as
   .Sq c Ns \e[bs] Ns c .
   .Pp
   The special characters documented in
   .Xr mandoc_char 7
   are rendered best-effort in an ASCII equivalent.
   .Pp
   Output width is limited to 78 visible columns unless literal input lines
   exceed this limit.
   .Pp
   The following
   .Fl O
   arguments are accepted:
 .Bl -tag -width Ds  .Bl -tag -width Ds
 .It Fl f Ns Ar ign-scope  .It Cm width Ns = Ns Ar width
 When rewinding the scope of a block macro, forces the compiler to ignore  The output width is set to
 scope violations.  This can seriously mangle the resulting tree.  .Ar width ,
 .Pq mdoc only  which will normalise to \(>=60.
 .It Fl f Ns Ar no-ign-escape  .El
 Don't ignore invalid escape sequences.  .Ss HTML Output
 .It Fl f Ns Ar no-ign-macro  Output produced by
 Do not ignore unknown macros at the start of input lines.  .Fl T Ns Cm html
 .It Fl f Ns Ar no-ign-chars  conforms to HTML-4.01 strict.
 Do not ignore disallowed characters.  .Pp
 .It Fl f Ns Ar strict  Font styles and page structure are applied using CSS2.
 Implies  By default, no font style is applied to any text,
 .Fl f Ns Ar no-ign-escape ,  although CSS2 is hard-coded to format
 .Fl f Ns Ar no-ign-macro  the basic structure of output.
   .Pp
   The
   .Pa example.style.css
   file documents the range of styles applied to output and, if used, will
   cause rendered documents to appear as they do in
   .Fl T Ns Cm ascii .
   .Pp
   Special characters are rendered in decimal-encoded UTF-8.
   .Pp
   The following
   .Fl O
   arguments are accepted:
   .Bl -tag -width Ds
   .It Cm includes Ns = Ns Ar fmt
   The string
   .Ar fmt ,
   for example,
   .Ar ../src/%I.html ,
   is used as a template for linked header files (usually via the
   .Sq \&In
   macro).
   Instances of
   .Sq \&%I
   are replaced with the include filename.
   The default is not to present a
   hyperlink.
   .It Cm man Ns = Ns Ar fmt
   The string
   .Ar fmt ,
   for example,
   .Ar ../html%S/%N.%S.html ,
   is used as a template for linked manuals (usually via the
   .Sq \&Xr
   macro).
   Instances of
   .Sq \&%N
 and  and
 .Fl f Ns Ar no-ign-chars .  .Sq %S
   are replaced with the linked manual's name and section, respectively.
   If no section is included, section 1 is assumed.
   The default is not to
   present a hyperlink.
   .It Cm style Ns = Ns Ar style.css
   The file
   .Ar style.css
   is used for an external style-sheet.
   This must be a valid absolute or
   relative URI.
 .El  .El
 .\" PARAGRAPH  .Ss PostScript Output
   PostScript
   .Qq Adobe-3.0
   Level-2 pages may be generated by
   .Fl T Ns Cm ps .
   Output pages default to letter sized and are rendered in the Times font
   family, 11-point.
   Margins are calculated as 1/9 the page length and width.
   Line-height is 1.4m.
 .Pp  .Pp
 As with the  Special characters are rendered as in
 .Fl W  .Sx ASCII Output .
 flag, multiple  .Pp
 .Fl f  The following
 options may be grouped and delimited with a comma.  Using  .Fl O
 .Fl f Ns Ar ign-scope,no-ign-escape ,  arguments are accepted:
 for example, will try to ignore scope and not ignore character-escape  .Bl -tag -width Ds
 errors.  .It Cm paper Ns = Ns Ar name
 .\" SECTION  The paper size
   .Ar name
   may be one of
   .Ar a3 ,
   .Ar a4 ,
   .Ar a5 ,
   .Ar legal ,
   or
   .Ar letter .
   You may also manually specify dimensions as
   .Ar NNxNN ,
   width by height in millimetres.
   If an unknown value is encountered,
   .Ar letter
   is used.
   .El
   .Ss PDF Output
   PDF-1.1 output may be generated by
   .Fl T Ns Cm pdf .
   See
   .Sx PostScript Output
   for
   .Fl O
   arguments and defaults.
   .Ss XHTML Output
   Output produced by
   .Fl T Ns Cm xhtml
   conforms to XHTML-1.0 strict.
   .Pp
   See
   .Sx HTML Output
   for details; beyond generating XHTML tags instead of HTML tags, these
   output modes are identical.
 .Sh EXAMPLES  .Sh EXAMPLES
 To page manuals to the terminal:  To page manuals to the terminal:
 .\" PARAGRAPH  
 .Pp  .Pp
 .D1 % mandoc \-Wall,error \-fstrict mandoc.1 2>&1 | less  .D1 $ mandoc \-Wall,error \-fstrict mandoc.1 2\*(Gt&1 | less
 .D1 % mandoc mandoc.1 mdoc.3 mdoc.7 | less  .D1 $ mandoc mandoc.1 mdoc.3 mdoc.7 | less
 .\" SECTION  .Pp
   To produce HTML manuals with
   .Ar style.css
   as the style-sheet:
   .Pp
   .D1 $ mandoc \-Thtml -Ostyle=style.css mdoc.7 \*(Gt mdoc.7.html
   .Pp
   To check over a large set of manuals:
   .Pp
   .Dl $ mandoc \-Tlint \-fign-errors `find /usr/src -name \e*\e.[1-9]`
   .Pp
   To produce a series of PostScript manuals for A4 paper:
   .Pp
   .D1 $ mandoc \-Tps \-Opaper=a4 mdoc.7 man.7 \*(Gt manuals.ps
 .Sh COMPATIBILITY  .Sh COMPATIBILITY
 This section summarises  This section summarises
 .Nm  .Nm
 compatibility with  compatibility with
 .Xr groff 1 .  .Xr groff 1 .
 .Pp  Each input and output format is separately noted.
   .Ss ASCII Compatibility
 .Bl -bullet -compact  .Bl -bullet -compact
 .It  .It
 A list or display following  The
 .Sq \&.Ss  .Sq \&Bd \-literal
   and
   .Sq \&Bd \-unfilled
   macros of
   .Xr mdoc 7
   in
   .Fl T Ns Cm ascii
   are synonyms, as are \-filled and \-ragged.
   .It
   In
   .Xr groff 1 ,
   the
   .Sq \&Pa
   .Xr mdoc 7
   macro does not underline when scoped under an
   .Sq \&It
   in the FILES section.
   This behaves correctly in
   .Nm .
   .It
   A list or display following the
   .Sq \&Ss
   .Xr mdoc 7
   macro in
   .Fl T Ns Cm ascii
 does not assert a prior vertical break, just as it doesn't with  does not assert a prior vertical break, just as it doesn't with
 .Sq \&.Sh .  .Sq \&Sh .
 .It  .It
 The \-literal and \-unfilled  The
 .Sq \&.Bd  .Sq \&na
 displays types are synonyms, as are \-filled and \-ragged.  .Xr man 7
   macro in
   .Fl T Ns Cm ascii
   has no effect.
 .It  .It
 Words aren't hyphenated.  Words aren't hyphenated.
 .It  .It
 In normal mode (not a literal block), blocks of spaces aren't preserved,  Sentences are unilaterally monospaced.
 so double spaces following sentence closure are reduced to a single space  
 .Pq Dq French spacing .  
 .El  .El
 .\" SECTION  .Ss HTML/XHTML Compatibility
   .Bl -bullet -compact
   .It
   The
   .Sq \efP
   escape will revert the font to the previous
   .Sq \ef
   escape, not to the last rendered decoration, which is now dictated by
   CSS instead of hard-coded.
   It also will not span past the current scope,
   for the same reason.
   Note that in
   .Sx ASCII Output
   mode, this will work fine.
   .It
   The
   .Xr mdoc 7
   .Sq \&Bl \-hang
   and
   .Sq \&Bl \-tag
   list types render similarly (no break following overreached left-hand
   side) due to the expressive constraints of HTML.
   .It
   The
   .Xr man 7
   .Sq IP
   and
   .Sq TP
   lists render similarly.
   .El
 .Sh SEE ALSO  .Sh SEE ALSO
   .Xr man 7 ,
 .Xr mandoc_char 7 ,  .Xr mandoc_char 7 ,
 .Xr mdoc 7 ,  .Xr mdoc 7
 .Xr man 7  
 .\" SECTION  
 .Sh AUTHORS  .Sh AUTHORS
 The  The
 .Nm  .Nm
 utility was written by  utility was written by
 .An Kristaps Dzonsons Aq kristaps@kth.se .  .An Kristaps Dzonsons Aq kristaps@bsd.lv .
 .\" SECTION  
 .Sh CAVEATS  .Sh CAVEATS
 The  The
 .Nm  .Fl T Ns Cm html
 utility doesn't yet know how to display \-hang lists.  and
   .Fl T Ns Cm xhtml
   CSS2 styling used for
   .Fl m Ns Cm doc
   input lists does not render properly in older browsers, such as Internet
   Explorer 6 and earlier.
 .Pp  .Pp
 Other macros still aren't supported by virtue of nobody complaining  In
 about their absence.  .Fl T Ns Cm html
   and
   .Fl T Ns Cm xhtml ,
   the maximum size of an element attribute is determined by
   .Dv BUFSIZ ,
   which is usually 1024 bytes.
   Be aware of this when setting long link
   formats such as
   .Fl O Ns Cm style Ns = Ns Ar really/long/link .
   .Pp
   Nesting elements within next-line element scopes of
   .Fl m Ns Cm an ,
   such as
   .Sq br
   within an empty
   .Sq B ,
   will confuse
   .Fl T Ns Cm html
   and
   .Fl T Ns Cm xhtml
   and cause them to forget the formatting of the prior next-line scope.
   .Pp
   The
   .Sq i
   macro in
   .Fl m Ns Cm an
   should italicise all subsequent text if a line argument is not provided.
   This behaviour is not implemented.
   The
   .Sq \(aq
   control character is an alias for the standard macro control character
   and does not emit a line-break as stipulated in GNU troff.
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  Added in v.1.75
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