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Annotation of mandoc/mandoc.1, Revision 1.190

1.190   ! schwarze    1: .\"    $Id: mandoc.1,v 1.189 2017/05/30 19:30:38 schwarze Exp $
1.1       kristaps    2: .\"
1.92      schwarze    3: .\" Copyright (c) 2009, 2010, 2011 Kristaps Dzonsons <kristaps@bsd.lv>
1.168     schwarze    4: .\" Copyright (c) 2012, 2014-2017 Ingo Schwarze <schwarze@openbsd.org>
1.1       kristaps    5: .\"
                      6: .\" Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any
1.16      kristaps    7: .\" purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
                      8: .\" copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.
1.1       kristaps    9: .\"
1.16      kristaps   10: .\" THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES
                     11: .\" WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
                     12: .\" MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR
                     13: .\" ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES
                     14: .\" WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN
                     15: .\" ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF
                     16: .\" OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
1.1       kristaps   17: .\"
1.190   ! schwarze   18: .Dd $Mdocdate: May 30 2017 $
1.14      kristaps   19: .Dt MANDOC 1
1.1       kristaps   20: .Os
                     21: .Sh NAME
                     22: .Nm mandoc
1.181     schwarze   23: .Nd format manual pages
1.1       kristaps   24: .Sh SYNOPSIS
                     25: .Nm mandoc
1.184     schwarze   26: .Op Fl ac
1.156     schwarze   27: .Op Fl I Cm os Ns = Ns Ar name
                     28: .Op Fl K Ar encoding
1.180     schwarze   29: .Op Fl mdoc | man
1.184     schwarze   30: .Op Fl O Ar options
1.156     schwarze   31: .Op Fl T Ar output
                     32: .Op Fl W Ar level
1.89      kristaps   33: .Op Ar
1.1       kristaps   34: .Sh DESCRIPTION
                     35: The
                     36: .Nm
1.26      kristaps   37: utility formats
1.8       kristaps   38: .Ux
1.57      kristaps   39: manual pages for display.
1.100     kristaps   40: .Pp
                     41: By default,
                     42: .Nm
                     43: reads
                     44: .Xr mdoc 7
                     45: or
                     46: .Xr man 7
1.180     schwarze   47: text from stdin and produces
1.156     schwarze   48: .Fl T Cm locale
1.100     kristaps   49: output.
                     50: .Pp
1.109     schwarze   51: The options are as follows:
1.19      kristaps   52: .Bl -tag -width Ds
1.107     schwarze   53: .It Fl a
                     54: If the standard output is a terminal device and
                     55: .Fl c
                     56: is not specified, use
                     57: .Xr more 1
                     58: to paginate the output, just like
                     59: .Xr man 1
                     60: would.
                     61: .It Fl c
                     62: Copy the formatted manual pages to the standard output without using
                     63: .Xr more 1
                     64: to paginate them.
                     65: This is the default.
                     66: It can be specified to override
                     67: .Fl a .
1.156     schwarze   68: .It Fl I Cm os Ns = Ns Ar name
1.101     schwarze   69: Override the default operating system
                     70: .Ar name
                     71: for the
                     72: .Xr mdoc 7
1.180     schwarze   73: .Ic \&Os
1.130     schwarze   74: and for the
                     75: .Xr man 7
1.180     schwarze   76: .Ic \&TH
1.101     schwarze   77: macro.
1.156     schwarze   78: .It Fl K Ar encoding
1.119     schwarze   79: Specify the input encoding.
                     80: The supported
                     81: .Ar encoding
                     82: arguments are
                     83: .Cm us-ascii ,
                     84: .Cm iso-8859-1 ,
                     85: and
                     86: .Cm utf-8 .
1.176     schwarze   87: If not specified, autodetection uses the first match in the following
                     88: list:
                     89: .Bl -enum
                     90: .It
                     91: If the first three bytes of the input file are the UTF-8 byte order
                     92: mark (BOM, 0xefbbbf), input is interpreted as
                     93: .Cm utf-8 .
                     94: .It
                     95: If the first or second line of the input file matches the
1.119     schwarze   96: .Sy emacs
                     97: mode line format
                     98: .Pp
                     99: .D1 .\e" -*- Oo ...; Oc coding: Ar encoding ; No -*-
1.176     schwarze  100: .Pp
                    101: then input is interpreted according to
                    102: .Ar encoding .
                    103: .It
                    104: If the first non-ASCII byte in the file introduces a valid UTF-8
                    105: sequence, input is interpreted as
                    106: .Cm utf-8 .
                    107: .It
                    108: Otherwise, input is interpreted as
                    109: .Cm iso-8859-1 .
1.119     schwarze  110: .El
1.180     schwarze  111: .It Fl mdoc | man
                    112: With
                    113: .Fl mdoc ,
                    114: all input files are interpreted as
                    115: .Xr mdoc 7 .
                    116: With
                    117: .Fl man ,
                    118: all input files are interpreted as
                    119: .Xr man 7 .
                    120: By default, the input language is automatically detected for each file:
                    121: if the the first macro is
                    122: .Ic \&Dd
                    123: or
                    124: .Ic \&Dt ,
                    125: the
                    126: .Xr mdoc 7
                    127: parser is used; otherwise, the
                    128: .Xr man 7
                    129: parser is used.
                    130: With other arguments,
                    131: .Fl m
                    132: is silently ignored.
1.184     schwarze  133: .It Fl O Ar options
1.57      kristaps  134: Comma-separated output options.
1.156     schwarze  135: .It Fl T Ar output
1.57      kristaps  136: Output format.
                    137: See
1.1       kristaps  138: .Sx Output Formats
1.57      kristaps  139: for available formats.
                    140: Defaults to
1.156     schwarze  141: .Fl T Cm locale .
                    142: .It Fl W Ar level
1.77      schwarze  143: Specify the minimum message
                    144: .Ar level
                    145: to be reported on the standard error output and to affect the exit status.
                    146: The
                    147: .Ar level
                    148: can be
1.185     schwarze  149: .Cm style ,
1.133     schwarze  150: .Cm warning ,
                    151: .Cm error ,
1.77      schwarze  152: or
1.133     schwarze  153: .Cm unsupp ;
1.132     schwarze  154: .Cm all
1.77      schwarze  155: is an alias for
1.185     schwarze  156: .Cm style .
1.132     schwarze  157: By default,
                    158: .Nm
                    159: is silent.
1.77      schwarze  160: See
                    161: .Sx EXIT STATUS
                    162: and
                    163: .Sx DIAGNOSTICS
                    164: for details.
                    165: .Pp
                    166: The special option
1.156     schwarze  167: .Fl W Cm stop
1.77      schwarze  168: tells
                    169: .Nm
                    170: to exit after parsing a file that causes warnings or errors of at least
                    171: the requested level.
                    172: No formatted output will be produced from that file.
                    173: If both a
                    174: .Ar level
                    175: and
                    176: .Cm stop
                    177: are requested, they can be joined with a comma, for example
1.156     schwarze  178: .Fl W Cm error , Ns Cm stop .
1.58      kristaps  179: .It Ar file
                    180: Read input from zero or more files.
1.57      kristaps  181: If unspecified, reads from stdin.
                    182: If multiple files are specified,
1.2       kristaps  183: .Nm
                    184: will halt with the first failed parse.
1.1       kristaps  185: .El
1.109     schwarze  186: .Pp
1.183     schwarze  187: The options
                    188: .Fl fhklw
                    189: are also supported and are documented in man(1).
1.109     schwarze  190: In
                    191: .Fl f
                    192: and
                    193: .Fl k
                    194: mode,
                    195: .Nm
                    196: also supports the options
1.183     schwarze  197: .Fl CMmOSs
1.109     schwarze  198: described in the
                    199: .Xr apropos 1
                    200: manual.
1.182     schwarze  201: The options
                    202: .Fl fkl
                    203: are mutually exclusive and override each other.
1.1       kristaps  204: .Ss Output Formats
                    205: The
                    206: .Nm
                    207: utility accepts the following
                    208: .Fl T
1.66      kristaps  209: arguments, which correspond to output modes:
1.175     schwarze  210: .Bl -tag -width "-T markdown"
1.156     schwarze  211: .It Fl T Cm ascii
1.81      kristaps  212: Produce 7-bit ASCII output.
1.57      kristaps  213: See
1.48      kristaps  214: .Sx ASCII Output .
1.156     schwarze  215: .It Fl T Cm html
1.116     kristaps  216: Produce HTML5, CSS1, and MathML output.
1.57      kristaps  217: See
1.48      kristaps  218: .Sx HTML Output .
1.156     schwarze  219: .It Fl T Cm lint
1.58      kristaps  220: Parse only: produce no output.
                    221: Implies
1.156     schwarze  222: .Fl W Cm warning .
                    223: .It Fl T Cm locale
1.93      schwarze  224: Encode output using the current locale.
1.128     schwarze  225: This is the default.
1.93      schwarze  226: See
                    227: .Sx Locale Output .
1.156     schwarze  228: .It Fl T Cm man
1.95      kristaps  229: Produce
1.91      schwarze  230: .Xr man 7
1.95      kristaps  231: format output.
                    232: See
                    233: .Sx Man Output .
1.175     schwarze  234: .It Fl T Cm markdown
                    235: Produce output in
                    236: .Sy markdown
                    237: format.
                    238: See
                    239: .Sx Markdown Output .
1.156     schwarze  240: .It Fl T Cm pdf
1.73      kristaps  241: Produce PDF output.
                    242: See
                    243: .Sx PDF Output .
1.156     schwarze  244: .It Fl T Cm ps
1.62      kristaps  245: Produce PostScript output.
                    246: See
                    247: .Sx PostScript Output .
1.156     schwarze  248: .It Fl T Cm tree
1.58      kristaps  249: Produce an indented parse tree.
1.161     schwarze  250: See
                    251: .Sx Syntax tree output .
1.156     schwarze  252: .It Fl T Cm utf8
1.93      schwarze  253: Encode output in the UTF\-8 multi-byte format.
                    254: See
                    255: .Sx UTF\-8 Output .
1.1       kristaps  256: .El
1.13      kristaps  257: .Pp
                    258: If multiple input files are specified, these will be processed by the
                    259: corresponding filter in-order.
1.66      kristaps  260: .Ss ASCII Output
                    261: Output produced by
1.156     schwarze  262: .Fl T Cm ascii
1.128     schwarze  263: is rendered in standard 7-bit ASCII documented in
1.66      kristaps  264: .Xr ascii 7 .
                    265: .Pp
                    266: Font styles are applied by using back-spaced encoding such that an
                    267: underlined character
                    268: .Sq c
                    269: is rendered as
                    270: .Sq _ Ns \e[bs] Ns c ,
                    271: where
                    272: .Sq \e[bs]
                    273: is the back-space character number 8.
                    274: Emboldened characters are rendered as
                    275: .Sq c Ns \e[bs] Ns c .
                    276: .Pp
                    277: The special characters documented in
                    278: .Xr mandoc_char 7
                    279: are rendered best-effort in an ASCII equivalent.
                    280: .Pp
                    281: Output width is limited to 78 visible columns unless literal input lines
                    282: exceed this limit.
                    283: .Pp
                    284: The following
                    285: .Fl O
                    286: arguments are accepted:
1.19      kristaps  287: .Bl -tag -width Ds
1.98      schwarze  288: .It Cm indent Ns = Ns Ar indent
                    289: The left margin for normal text is set to
                    290: .Ar indent
                    291: blank characters instead of the default of five for
                    292: .Xr mdoc 7
                    293: and seven for
                    294: .Xr man 7 .
                    295: Increasing this is not recommended; it may result in degraded formatting,
1.99      schwarze  296: for example overfull lines or ugly line breaks.
1.66      kristaps  297: .It Cm width Ns = Ns Ar width
                    298: The output width is set to
                    299: .Ar width ,
1.141     schwarze  300: which will normalise to \(>=58.
1.1       kristaps  301: .El
1.66      kristaps  302: .Ss HTML Output
                    303: Output produced by
1.156     schwarze  304: .Fl T Cm html
1.114     kristaps  305: conforms to HTML5 using optional self-closing tags.
1.116     kristaps  306: Default styles use only CSS1.
                    307: Equations rendered from
                    308: .Xr eqn 7
                    309: blocks use MathML.
1.66      kristaps  310: .Pp
1.61      kristaps  311: The
1.164     schwarze  312: .Pa mandoc.css
1.83      kristaps  313: file documents style-sheet classes available for customising output.
                    314: If a style-sheet is not specified with
1.156     schwarze  315: .Fl O Cm style ,
                    316: .Fl T Cm html
1.114     kristaps  317: defaults to simple output (via an embedded style-sheet)
                    318: readable in any graphical or text-based web
1.83      kristaps  319: browser.
1.66      kristaps  320: .Pp
1.89      kristaps  321: Special characters are rendered in decimal-encoded UTF\-8.
1.66      kristaps  322: .Pp
                    323: The following
1.64      kristaps  324: .Fl O
1.66      kristaps  325: arguments are accepted:
1.37      kristaps  326: .Bl -tag -width Ds
1.94      kristaps  327: .It Cm fragment
1.123     schwarze  328: Omit the <!DOCTYPE> declaration and the <html>, <head>, and <body>
                    329: elements and only emit the subtree below the <body> element.
1.94      kristaps  330: The
                    331: .Cm style
1.97      schwarze  332: argument will be ignored.
1.94      kristaps  333: This is useful when embedding manual content within existing documents.
1.64      kristaps  334: .It Cm includes Ns = Ns Ar fmt
1.40      kristaps  335: The string
                    336: .Ar fmt ,
1.49      kristaps  337: for example,
1.40      kristaps  338: .Ar ../src/%I.html ,
                    339: is used as a template for linked header files (usually via the
1.180     schwarze  340: .Ic \&In
1.57      kristaps  341: macro).
                    342: Instances of
1.43      kristaps  343: .Sq \&%I
1.57      kristaps  344: are replaced with the include filename.
                    345: The default is not to present a
1.40      kristaps  346: hyperlink.
1.64      kristaps  347: .It Cm man Ns = Ns Ar fmt
1.39      kristaps  348: The string
                    349: .Ar fmt ,
1.49      kristaps  350: for example,
1.39      kristaps  351: .Ar ../html%S/%N.%S.html ,
                    352: is used as a template for linked manuals (usually via the
1.180     schwarze  353: .Ic \&Xr
1.57      kristaps  354: macro).
                    355: Instances of
1.43      kristaps  356: .Sq \&%N
1.40      kristaps  357: and
                    358: .Sq %S
                    359: are replaced with the linked manual's name and section, respectively.
1.57      kristaps  360: If no section is included, section 1 is assumed.
                    361: The default is not to
1.40      kristaps  362: present a hyperlink.
1.64      kristaps  363: .It Cm style Ns = Ns Ar style.css
1.58      kristaps  364: The file
                    365: .Ar style.css
                    366: is used for an external style-sheet.
                    367: This must be a valid absolute or
                    368: relative URI.
1.61      kristaps  369: .El
1.93      schwarze  370: .Ss Locale Output
                    371: Locale-depending output encoding is triggered with
1.156     schwarze  372: .Fl T Cm locale .
1.128     schwarze  373: This is the default.
                    374: .Pp
1.93      schwarze  375: This option is not available on all systems: systems without locale
                    376: support, or those whose internal representation is not natively UCS-4,
                    377: will fall back to
1.156     schwarze  378: .Fl T Cm ascii .
1.93      schwarze  379: See
                    380: .Sx ASCII Output
                    381: for font style specification and available command-line arguments.
1.95      kristaps  382: .Ss Man Output
                    383: Translate input format into
                    384: .Xr man 7
                    385: output format.
1.102     schwarze  386: This is useful for distributing manual sources to legacy systems
1.96      kristaps  387: lacking
1.95      kristaps  388: .Xr mdoc 7
                    389: formatters.
                    390: .Pp
                    391: If
                    392: .Xr mdoc 7
                    393: is passed as input, it is translated into
1.97      schwarze  394: .Xr man 7 .
                    395: If the input format is
1.95      kristaps  396: .Xr man 7 ,
1.97      schwarze  397: the input is copied to the output, expanding any
1.95      kristaps  398: .Xr roff 7
1.180     schwarze  399: .Ic so
1.97      schwarze  400: requests.
                    401: The parser is also run, and as usual, the
                    402: .Fl W
                    403: level controls which
                    404: .Sx DIAGNOSTICS
                    405: are displayed before copying the input to the output.
1.175     schwarze  406: .Ss Markdown Output
                    407: Translate
                    408: .Xr mdoc 7
                    409: input to the
                    410: .Sy markdown
                    411: format conforming to
                    412: .Lk http://daringfireball.net/projects/markdown/syntax.text\
                    413:  "John Gruber's 2004 specification" .
1.178     schwarze  414: The output also almost conforms to the
                    415: .Lk http://commonmark.org/ CommonMark
                    416: specification.
                    417: .Pp
                    418: The character set used for the markdown output is ASCII.
                    419: Non-ASCII characters are encoded as HTML entities.
                    420: Since that is not possible in literal font contexts, because these
                    421: are rendered as code spans and code blocks in the markdown output,
                    422: non-ASCII characters are transliterated to ASCII approximations in
                    423: these contexts.
1.175     schwarze  424: .Pp
                    425: Markdown is a very weak markup language, so all semantic markup is
                    426: lost, and even part of the presentational markup may be lost.
                    427: Do not use this as an intermediate step in converting to HTML;
                    428: instead, use
                    429: .Fl T Cm html
                    430: directly.
                    431: .Pp
                    432: The
                    433: .Xr man 7 ,
                    434: .Xr tbl 7 ,
                    435: and
                    436: .Xr eqn 7
                    437: input languages are not supported by
                    438: .Fl T Cm markdown
                    439: output mode.
1.93      schwarze  440: .Ss PDF Output
                    441: PDF-1.1 output may be generated by
1.156     schwarze  442: .Fl T Cm pdf .
1.93      schwarze  443: See
                    444: .Sx PostScript Output
                    445: for
                    446: .Fl O
                    447: arguments and defaults.
1.62      kristaps  448: .Ss PostScript Output
1.65      kristaps  449: PostScript
                    450: .Qq Adobe-3.0
                    451: Level-2 pages may be generated by
1.156     schwarze  452: .Fl T Cm ps .
1.67      kristaps  453: Output pages default to letter sized and are rendered in the Times font
1.70      kristaps  454: family, 11-point.
                    455: Margins are calculated as 1/9 the page length and width.
1.71      kristaps  456: Line-height is 1.4m.
1.66      kristaps  457: .Pp
                    458: Special characters are rendered as in
                    459: .Sx ASCII Output .
                    460: .Pp
                    461: The following
                    462: .Fl O
                    463: arguments are accepted:
                    464: .Bl -tag -width Ds
                    465: .It Cm paper Ns = Ns Ar name
                    466: The paper size
                    467: .Ar name
                    468: may be one of
1.68      kristaps  469: .Ar a3 ,
                    470: .Ar a4 ,
                    471: .Ar a5 ,
                    472: .Ar legal ,
1.66      kristaps  473: or
                    474: .Ar letter .
1.68      kristaps  475: You may also manually specify dimensions as
                    476: .Ar NNxNN ,
                    477: width by height in millimetres.
                    478: If an unknown value is encountered,
                    479: .Ar letter
                    480: is used.
1.66      kristaps  481: .El
1.93      schwarze  482: .Ss UTF\-8 Output
                    483: Use
1.156     schwarze  484: .Fl T Cm utf8
1.93      schwarze  485: to force a UTF\-8 locale.
1.73      kristaps  486: See
1.93      schwarze  487: .Sx Locale Output
                    488: for details and options.
1.161     schwarze  489: .Ss Syntax tree output
                    490: Use
                    491: .Fl T Cm tree
                    492: to show a human readable representation of the syntax tree.
                    493: It is useful for debugging the source code of manual pages.
1.162     schwarze  494: The exact format is subject to change, so don't write parsers for it.
1.170     schwarze  495: .Pp
                    496: The first paragraph shows meta data found in the
                    497: .Xr mdoc 7
                    498: prologue, on the
                    499: .Xr man 7
                    500: .Ic \&TH
                    501: line, or the fallbacks used.
                    502: .Pp
                    503: In the tree dump, each output line shows one syntax tree node.
1.161     schwarze  504: Child nodes are indented with respect to their parent node.
                    505: The columns are:
                    506: .Pp
                    507: .Bl -enum -compact
                    508: .It
                    509: For macro nodes, the macro name; for text and
                    510: .Xr tbl 7
1.162     schwarze  511: nodes, the content.
                    512: There is a special format for
1.161     schwarze  513: .Xr eqn 7
                    514: nodes.
                    515: .It
                    516: Node type (text, elem, block, head, body, body-end, tail, tbl, eqn).
                    517: .It
                    518: Flags:
                    519: .Bl -dash -compact
                    520: .It
                    521: An opening parenthesis if the node is an opening delimiter.
                    522: .It
                    523: An asterisk if the node starts a new input line.
                    524: .It
                    525: The input line number (starting at one).
                    526: .It
                    527: A colon.
                    528: .It
                    529: The input column number (starting at one).
                    530: .It
                    531: A closing parenthesis if the node is a closing delimiter.
                    532: .It
                    533: A full stop if the node ends a sentence.
1.169     schwarze  534: .It
1.174     schwarze  535: BROKEN if the node is a block broken by another block.
                    536: .It
1.169     schwarze  537: NOSRC if the node is not in the input file,
                    538: but automatically generated from macros.
                    539: .It
                    540: NOPRT if the node is not supposed to generate output
                    541: for any output format.
1.161     schwarze  542: .El
1.174     schwarze  543: .El
                    544: .Pp
                    545: The following
                    546: .Fl O
                    547: argument is accepted:
                    548: .Bl -tag -width Ds
                    549: .It Cm noval
                    550: Skip validation and show the unvalidated syntax tree.
                    551: This can help to find out whether a given behaviour is caused by
                    552: the parser or by the validator.
                    553: Meta data is not available in this case.
1.161     schwarze  554: .El
1.108     schwarze  555: .Sh ENVIRONMENT
                    556: .Bl -tag -width MANPAGER
                    557: .It Ev MANPAGER
                    558: Any non-empty value of the environment variable
                    559: .Ev MANPAGER
1.179     schwarze  560: is used instead of the standard pagination program,
                    561: .Xr more 1 ;
                    562: see
                    563: .Xr man 1
                    564: for details.
                    565: Only used if
                    566: .Fl a
                    567: or
                    568: .Fl l
                    569: is specified.
1.108     schwarze  570: .It Ev PAGER
                    571: Specifies the pagination program to use when
                    572: .Ev MANPAGER
                    573: is not defined.
                    574: If neither PAGER nor MANPAGER is defined,
1.159     schwarze  575: .Xr more 1
                    576: .Fl s
1.179     schwarze  577: is used.
                    578: Only used if
                    579: .Fl a
                    580: or
                    581: .Fl l
                    582: is specified.
1.108     schwarze  583: .El
1.77      schwarze  584: .Sh EXIT STATUS
                    585: The
                    586: .Nm
                    587: utility exits with one of the following values, controlled by the message
                    588: .Ar level
                    589: associated with the
                    590: .Fl W
                    591: option:
                    592: .Pp
                    593: .Bl -tag -width Ds -compact
                    594: .It 0
1.185     schwarze  595: No style suggestions, warnings or errors occurred, or those that
                    596: did were ignored because they were lower than the requested
1.77      schwarze  597: .Ar level .
1.185     schwarze  598: .It 1
                    599: At least one style suggestion occurred, but no warning or error, and
                    600: .Fl W Cm style
                    601: was specified.
1.77      schwarze  602: .It 2
                    603: At least one warning occurred, but no error, and
1.156     schwarze  604: .Fl W Cm warning
1.185     schwarze  605: or
                    606: .Fl W Cm style
1.77      schwarze  607: was specified.
                    608: .It 3
1.133     schwarze  609: At least one parsing error occurred,
                    610: but no unsupported feature was encountered, and
1.156     schwarze  611: .Fl W Cm error
1.185     schwarze  612: or a lower
                    613: .Ar level
                    614: was requested.
1.133     schwarze  615: .It 4
1.134     schwarze  616: At least one unsupported feature was encountered, and
1.185     schwarze  617: .Fl W Cm unsupp
                    618: or a lower
                    619: .Ar level
                    620: was requested.
1.77      schwarze  621: .It 5
                    622: Invalid command line arguments were specified.
                    623: No input files have been read.
                    624: .It 6
1.131     schwarze  625: An operating system error occurred, for example exhaustion
                    626: of memory, file descriptors, or process table entries.
1.77      schwarze  627: Such errors cause
                    628: .Nm
                    629: to exit at once, possibly in the middle of parsing or formatting a file.
                    630: .El
                    631: .Pp
                    632: Note that selecting
1.156     schwarze  633: .Fl T Cm lint
1.77      schwarze  634: output mode implies
1.156     schwarze  635: .Fl W Cm warning .
1.1       kristaps  636: .Sh EXAMPLES
1.13      kristaps  637: To page manuals to the terminal:
1.1       kristaps  638: .Pp
1.187     schwarze  639: .Dl $ mandoc -l mandoc.1 man.1 apropos.1 makewhatis.8
1.28      kristaps  640: .Pp
1.41      kristaps  641: To produce HTML manuals with
1.164     schwarze  642: .Pa mandoc.css
1.41      kristaps  643: as the style-sheet:
1.38      kristaps  644: .Pp
1.164     schwarze  645: .Dl $ mandoc \-T html -O style=mandoc.css mdoc.7 \*(Gt mdoc.7.html
1.38      kristaps  646: .Pp
1.28      kristaps  647: To check over a large set of manuals:
                    648: .Pp
1.158     schwarze  649: .Dl $ mandoc \-T lint \(gafind /usr/src -name \e*\e.[1-9]\(ga
1.66      kristaps  650: .Pp
                    651: To produce a series of PostScript manuals for A4 paper:
                    652: .Pp
1.156     schwarze  653: .Dl $ mandoc \-T ps \-O paper=a4 mdoc.7 man.7 \*(Gt manuals.ps
1.91      schwarze  654: .Pp
                    655: Convert a modern
                    656: .Xr mdoc 7
                    657: manual to the older
                    658: .Xr man 7
                    659: format, for use on systems lacking an
                    660: .Xr mdoc 7
                    661: parser:
                    662: .Pp
1.156     schwarze  663: .Dl $ mandoc \-T man foo.mdoc \*(Gt foo.man
1.77      schwarze  664: .Sh DIAGNOSTICS
1.106     schwarze  665: Messages displayed by
                    666: .Nm
                    667: follow this format:
1.77      schwarze  668: .Pp
1.106     schwarze  669: .D1 Nm Ns : Ar file : Ns Ar line : Ns Ar column : level : message : macro args
1.77      schwarze  670: .Pp
1.106     schwarze  671: Line and column numbers start at 1.
                    672: Both are omitted for messages referring to an input file as a whole.
                    673: Macro names and arguments are omitted where meaningless.
                    674: Fatal messages about invalid command line arguments
                    675: or operating system errors, for example when memory is exhausted,
                    676: may also omit the
                    677: .Ar file
1.104     schwarze  678: and
1.106     schwarze  679: .Ar level
                    680: fields.
1.104     schwarze  681: .Pp
1.77      schwarze  682: Message levels have the following meanings:
                    683: .Bl -tag -width "warning"
1.133     schwarze  684: .It Cm unsupp
                    685: An input file uses unsupported low-level
                    686: .Xr roff 7
                    687: features.
                    688: The output may be incomplete and/or misformatted,
                    689: so using GNU troff instead of
                    690: .Nm
                    691: to process the file may be preferable.
1.77      schwarze  692: .It Cm error
1.133     schwarze  693: An input file contains invalid syntax that cannot be safely interpreted.
1.77      schwarze  694: By discarding part of the input or inserting missing tokens,
                    695: the parser is able to continue, and the error does not prevent
                    696: generation of formatted output, but typically, preparing that
                    697: output involves information loss, broken document structure
1.133     schwarze  698: or unintended formatting, no matter whether
                    699: .Nm
                    700: or GNU troff is used.
                    701: In many cases, the output of
                    702: .Nm
                    703: and GNU troff is identical, but in some,
                    704: .Nm
                    705: is more resilient than GNU troff with respect to malformed input.
1.131     schwarze  706: .Pp
                    707: Non-existent or unreadable input files are also reported on the
                    708: .Cm error
                    709: level.
                    710: In that case, the parser cannot even be started and no output
                    711: is produced from those input files.
1.77      schwarze  712: .It Cm warning
                    713: An input file uses obsolete, discouraged or non-portable syntax.
                    714: All the same, the meaning of the input is unambiguous and a correct
                    715: rendering can be produced.
                    716: Documents causing warnings may render poorly when using other
                    717: formatting tools instead of
                    718: .Nm .
1.185     schwarze  719: .It Cm style
                    720: An input file uses dubious or discouraged style.
                    721: This is not a complaint about the syntax, and probably neither
                    722: formatting nor portability are in danger.
                    723: While great care is taken to avoid false positives on the higher
                    724: message levels, the
                    725: .Cm style
                    726: level tries to reduce the probability that issues go unnoticed,
                    727: so it may occasionally issue bogus suggestions.
                    728: Please use your good judgement to decide whether any particular
                    729: .Cm style
                    730: suggestion really justifies a change to the input file.
1.77      schwarze  731: .El
                    732: .Pp
                    733: Messages of the
1.185     schwarze  734: .Cm style ,
1.133     schwarze  735: .Cm warning ,
                    736: .Cm error ,
1.77      schwarze  737: and
1.133     schwarze  738: .Cm unsupp
1.131     schwarze  739: levels except those about non-existent or unreadable input files
                    740: are hidden unless their level, or a lower level, is requested using a
1.77      schwarze  741: .Fl W
                    742: option or
1.156     schwarze  743: .Fl T Cm lint
1.77      schwarze  744: output mode.
1.189     schwarze  745: .Ss Style messages
                    746: .Bl -ohang
                    747: .It Sy "useless macro"
                    748: .Pq mdoc
                    749: A
                    750: .Ic \&Bt ,
                    751: .Ic \&Tn ,
                    752: or
1.190   ! schwarze  753: .Ic \&Ud
1.189     schwarze  754: macro was found.
1.190   ! schwarze  755: Simply delete it: it serves no useful purpose.
1.189     schwarze  756: .El
1.106     schwarze  757: .Ss Warnings related to the document prologue
                    758: .Bl -ohang
                    759: .It Sy "missing manual title, using UNTITLED"
                    760: .Pq mdoc
                    761: A
                    762: .Ic \&Dt
                    763: macro has no arguments, or there is no
                    764: .Ic \&Dt
                    765: macro before the first non-prologue macro.
                    766: .It Sy "missing manual title, using \(dq\(dq"
                    767: .Pq man
                    768: There is no
                    769: .Ic \&TH
                    770: macro, or it has no arguments.
                    771: .It Sy "lower case character in document title"
                    772: .Pq mdoc , man
                    773: The title is still used as given in the
                    774: .Ic \&Dt
                    775: or
                    776: .Ic \&TH
                    777: macro.
                    778: .It Sy "missing manual section, using \(dq\(dq"
                    779: .Pq mdoc , man
                    780: A
                    781: .Ic \&Dt
                    782: or
                    783: .Ic \&TH
                    784: macro lacks the mandatory section argument.
                    785: .It Sy "unknown manual section"
                    786: .Pq mdoc
                    787: The section number in a
                    788: .Ic \&Dt
                    789: line is invalid, but still used.
                    790: .It Sy "missing date, using today's date"
                    791: .Pq mdoc, man
                    792: The document was parsed as
                    793: .Xr mdoc 7
                    794: and it has no
                    795: .Ic \&Dd
                    796: macro, or the
                    797: .Ic \&Dd
                    798: macro has no arguments or only empty arguments;
                    799: or the document was parsed as
                    800: .Xr man 7
                    801: and it has no
                    802: .Ic \&TH
                    803: macro, or the
                    804: .Ic \&TH
                    805: macro has less than three arguments or its third argument is empty.
                    806: .It Sy "cannot parse date, using it verbatim"
                    807: .Pq mdoc , man
                    808: The date given in a
                    809: .Ic \&Dd
                    810: or
                    811: .Ic \&TH
                    812: macro does not follow the conventional format.
                    813: .It Sy "missing Os macro, using \(dq\(dq"
                    814: .Pq mdoc
                    815: The default or current system is not shown in this case.
                    816: .It Sy "duplicate prologue macro"
                    817: .Pq mdoc
                    818: One of the prologue macros occurs more than once.
                    819: The last instance overrides all previous ones.
                    820: .It Sy "late prologue macro"
                    821: .Pq mdoc
                    822: A
                    823: .Ic \&Dd
                    824: or
                    825: .Ic \&Os
                    826: macro occurs after some non-prologue macro, but still takes effect.
                    827: .It Sy "skipping late title macro"
                    828: .Pq mdoc
                    829: The
                    830: .Ic \&Dt
1.152     schwarze  831: macro appears after the first non-prologue macro.
                    832: Traditional formatters cannot handle this because
                    833: they write the page header before parsing the document body.
1.106     schwarze  834: Even though this technical restriction does not apply to
                    835: .Nm ,
                    836: traditional semantics is preserved.
                    837: The late macro is discarded including its arguments.
                    838: .It Sy "prologue macros out of order"
                    839: .Pq mdoc
                    840: The prologue macros are not given in the conventional order
                    841: .Ic \&Dd ,
                    842: .Ic \&Dt ,
                    843: .Ic \&Os .
                    844: All three macros are used even when given in another order.
                    845: .El
                    846: .Ss Warnings regarding document structure
                    847: .Bl -ohang
                    848: .It Sy ".so is fragile, better use ln(1)"
                    849: .Pq roff
                    850: Including files only works when the parser program runs with the correct
                    851: current working directory.
                    852: .It Sy "no document body"
                    853: .Pq mdoc , man
                    854: The document body contains neither text nor macros.
                    855: An empty document is shown, consisting only of a header and a footer line.
                    856: .It Sy "content before first section header"
                    857: .Pq mdoc , man
                    858: Some macros or text precede the first
                    859: .Ic \&Sh
                    860: or
                    861: .Ic \&SH
                    862: section header.
                    863: The offending macros and text are parsed and added to the top level
                    864: of the syntax tree, outside any section block.
                    865: .It Sy "first section is not NAME"
                    866: .Pq mdoc
                    867: The argument of the first
                    868: .Ic \&Sh
                    869: macro is not
                    870: .Sq NAME .
                    871: This may confuse
                    872: .Xr makewhatis 8
                    873: and
                    874: .Xr apropos 1 .
1.168     schwarze  875: .It Sy "NAME section without Nm before Nd"
1.106     schwarze  876: .Pq mdoc
1.155     schwarze  877: The NAME section does not contain any
                    878: .Ic \&Nm
1.168     schwarze  879: child macro before the first
                    880: .Ic \&Nd
                    881: macro.
1.155     schwarze  882: .It Sy "NAME section without description"
                    883: .Pq mdoc
                    884: The NAME section lacks the mandatory
                    885: .Ic \&Nd
                    886: child macro.
                    887: .It Sy "description not at the end of NAME"
                    888: .Pq mdoc
                    889: The NAME section does contain an
1.106     schwarze  890: .Ic \&Nd
1.155     schwarze  891: child macro, but other content follows it.
                    892: .It Sy "bad NAME section content"
                    893: .Pq mdoc
                    894: The NAME section contains plain text or macros other than
                    895: .Ic \&Nm
1.106     schwarze  896: and
1.155     schwarze  897: .Ic \&Nd .
1.168     schwarze  898: .It Sy "missing comma before name"
                    899: .Pq mdoc
                    900: The NAME section contains an
                    901: .Ic \&Nm
                    902: macro that is neither the first one nor preceded by a comma.
1.142     schwarze  903: .It Sy "missing description line, using \(dq\(dq"
                    904: .Pq mdoc
                    905: The
                    906: .Ic \&Nd
                    907: macro lacks the required argument.
                    908: The title line of the manual will end after the dash.
1.177     schwarze  909: .It Sy "description line outside NAME section"
                    910: .Pq mdoc
                    911: An
                    912: .Ic \&Nd
                    913: macro appears outside the NAME section.
                    914: The arguments are printed anyway and the following text is used for
                    915: .Xr apropos 1 ,
                    916: but none of that behaviour is portable.
1.106     schwarze  917: .It Sy "sections out of conventional order"
                    918: .Pq mdoc
                    919: A standard section occurs after another section it usually precedes.
                    920: All section titles are used as given,
                    921: and the order of sections is not changed.
                    922: .It Sy "duplicate section title"
                    923: .Pq mdoc
                    924: The same standard section title occurs more than once.
                    925: .It Sy "unexpected section"
                    926: .Pq mdoc
                    927: A standard section header occurs in a section of the manual
                    928: where it normally isn't useful.
1.112     schwarze  929: .It Sy "unusual Xr order"
                    930: .Pq mdoc
                    931: In the SEE ALSO section, an
                    932: .Ic \&Xr
                    933: macro with a lower section number follows one with a higher number,
                    934: or two
                    935: .Ic \&Xr
1.157     schwarze  936: macros referring to the same section are out of alphabetical order.
1.112     schwarze  937: .It Sy "unusual Xr punctuation"
                    938: .Pq mdoc
                    939: In the SEE ALSO section, punctuation between two
                    940: .Ic \&Xr
                    941: macros differs from a single comma, or there is trailing punctuation
                    942: after the last
                    943: .Ic \&Xr
                    944: macro.
1.111     schwarze  945: .It Sy "AUTHORS section without An macro"
                    946: .Pq mdoc
                    947: An AUTHORS sections contains no
                    948: .Ic \&An
                    949: macros, or only empty ones.
                    950: Probably, there are author names lacking markup.
1.106     schwarze  951: .El
                    952: .Ss "Warnings related to macros and nesting"
                    953: .Bl -ohang
                    954: .It Sy "obsolete macro"
                    955: .Pq mdoc
                    956: See the
                    957: .Xr mdoc 7
                    958: manual for replacements.
1.126     schwarze  959: .It Sy "macro neither callable nor escaped"
                    960: .Pq mdoc
                    961: The name of a macro that is not callable appears on a macro line.
                    962: It is printed verbatim.
1.152     schwarze  963: If the intention is to call it, move it to its own input line;
1.126     schwarze  964: otherwise, escape it by prepending
                    965: .Sq \e& .
1.106     schwarze  966: .It Sy "skipping paragraph macro"
                    967: In
                    968: .Xr mdoc 7
                    969: documents, this happens
                    970: .Bl -dash -compact
                    971: .It
                    972: at the beginning and end of sections and subsections
                    973: .It
                    974: right before non-compact lists and displays
                    975: .It
                    976: at the end of items in non-column, non-compact lists
                    977: .It
                    978: and for multiple consecutive paragraph macros.
                    979: .El
                    980: In
                    981: .Xr man 7
                    982: documents, it happens
                    983: .Bl -dash -compact
                    984: .It
                    985: for empty
                    986: .Ic \&P ,
                    987: .Ic \&PP ,
                    988: and
                    989: .Ic \&LP
                    990: macros
                    991: .It
                    992: for
                    993: .Ic \&IP
                    994: macros having neither head nor body arguments
                    995: .It
                    996: for
                    997: .Ic \&br
                    998: or
                    999: .Ic \&sp
                   1000: right after
                   1001: .Ic \&SH
                   1002: or
                   1003: .Ic \&SS
                   1004: .El
                   1005: .It Sy "moving paragraph macro out of list"
                   1006: .Pq mdoc
                   1007: A list item in a
                   1008: .Ic \&Bl
                   1009: list contains a trailing paragraph macro.
                   1010: The paragraph macro is moved after the end of the list.
                   1011: .It Sy "skipping no-space macro"
                   1012: .Pq mdoc
                   1013: An input line begins with an
                   1014: .Ic \&Ns
                   1015: macro.
                   1016: The macro is ignored.
                   1017: .It Sy "blocks badly nested"
                   1018: .Pq mdoc
                   1019: If two blocks intersect, one should completely contain the other.
                   1020: Otherwise, rendered output is likely to look strange in any output
                   1021: format, and rendering in SGML-based output formats is likely to be
                   1022: outright wrong because such languages do not support badly nested
                   1023: blocks at all.
                   1024: Typical examples of badly nested blocks are
                   1025: .Qq Ic \&Ao \&Bo \&Ac \&Bc
                   1026: and
                   1027: .Qq Ic \&Ao \&Bq \&Ac .
                   1028: In these examples,
                   1029: .Ic \&Ac
                   1030: breaks
                   1031: .Ic \&Bo
                   1032: and
                   1033: .Ic \&Bq ,
                   1034: respectively.
                   1035: .It Sy "nested displays are not portable"
                   1036: .Pq mdoc
                   1037: A
                   1038: .Ic \&Bd ,
                   1039: .Ic \&D1 ,
                   1040: or
                   1041: .Ic \&Dl
                   1042: display occurs nested inside another
                   1043: .Ic \&Bd
                   1044: display.
                   1045: This works with
                   1046: .Nm ,
                   1047: but fails with most other implementations.
                   1048: .It Sy "moving content out of list"
                   1049: .Pq mdoc
                   1050: A
                   1051: .Ic \&Bl
                   1052: list block contains text or macros before the first
                   1053: .Ic \&It
                   1054: macro.
                   1055: The offending children are moved before the beginning of the list.
                   1056: .It Sy "fill mode already enabled, skipping"
                   1057: .Pq man
                   1058: A
                   1059: .Ic \&fi
                   1060: request occurs even though the document is still in fill mode,
                   1061: or already switched back to fill mode.
                   1062: It has no effect.
                   1063: .It Sy "fill mode already disabled, skipping"
                   1064: .Pq man
                   1065: An
                   1066: .Ic \&nf
                   1067: request occurs even though the document already switched to no-fill mode
                   1068: and did not switch back to fill mode yet.
                   1069: It has no effect.
                   1070: .It Sy "line scope broken"
                   1071: .Pq man
                   1072: While parsing the next-line scope of the previous macro,
                   1073: another macro is found that prematurely terminates the previous one.
                   1074: The previous, interrupted macro is deleted from the parse tree.
                   1075: .El
                   1076: .Ss "Warnings related to missing arguments"
                   1077: .Bl -ohang
                   1078: .It Sy "skipping empty request"
1.118     schwarze 1079: .Pq roff , eqn
                   1080: The macro name is missing from a macro definition request,
                   1081: or an
                   1082: .Xr eqn 7
                   1083: control statement or operation keyword lacks its required argument.
1.106     schwarze 1084: .It Sy "conditional request controls empty scope"
                   1085: .Pq roff
                   1086: A conditional request is only useful if any of the following
                   1087: follows it on the same logical input line:
                   1088: .Bl -dash -compact
                   1089: .It
                   1090: The
                   1091: .Sq \e{
                   1092: keyword to open a multi-line scope.
                   1093: .It
                   1094: A request or macro or some text, resulting in a single-line scope.
                   1095: .It
                   1096: The immediate end of the logical line without any intervening whitespace,
                   1097: resulting in next-line scope.
                   1098: .El
                   1099: Here, a conditional request is followed by trailing whitespace only,
                   1100: and there is no other content on its logical input line.
                   1101: Note that it doesn't matter whether the logical input line is split
                   1102: across multiple physical input lines using
                   1103: .Sq \e
                   1104: line continuation characters.
                   1105: This is one of the rare cases
                   1106: where trailing whitespace is syntactically significant.
                   1107: The conditional request controls a scope containing whitespace only,
                   1108: so it is unlikely to have a significant effect,
                   1109: except that it may control a following
                   1110: .Ic \&el
                   1111: clause.
                   1112: .It Sy "skipping empty macro"
                   1113: .Pq mdoc
1.147     schwarze 1114: The indicated macro has no arguments and hence no effect.
                   1115: .It Sy "empty block"
                   1116: .Pq mdoc , man
                   1117: A
                   1118: .Ic \&Bd ,
                   1119: .Ic \&Bk ,
                   1120: .Ic \&Bl ,
                   1121: .Ic \&D1 ,
                   1122: .Ic \&Dl ,
                   1123: .Ic \&RS ,
                   1124: or
                   1125: .Ic \&UR
                   1126: block contains nothing in its body and will produce no output.
1.106     schwarze 1127: .It Sy "empty argument, using 0n"
                   1128: .Pq mdoc
                   1129: The required width is missing after
                   1130: .Ic \&Bd
                   1131: or
                   1132: .Ic \&Bl
                   1133: .Fl offset
                   1134: or
1.186     schwarze 1135: .Fl width .
1.106     schwarze 1136: .It Sy "missing display type, using -ragged"
                   1137: .Pq mdoc
                   1138: The
                   1139: .Ic \&Bd
                   1140: macro is invoked without the required display type.
                   1141: .It Sy "list type is not the first argument"
                   1142: .Pq mdoc
                   1143: In a
                   1144: .Ic \&Bl
                   1145: macro, at least one other argument precedes the type argument.
                   1146: The
                   1147: .Nm
                   1148: utility copes with any argument order, but some other
                   1149: .Xr mdoc 7
                   1150: implementations do not.
                   1151: .It Sy "missing -width in -tag list, using 8n"
                   1152: .Pq mdoc
                   1153: Every
                   1154: .Ic \&Bl
                   1155: macro having the
                   1156: .Fl tag
                   1157: argument requires
                   1158: .Fl width ,
                   1159: too.
                   1160: .It Sy "missing utility name, using \(dq\(dq"
                   1161: .Pq mdoc
                   1162: The
                   1163: .Ic \&Ex Fl std
                   1164: macro is called without an argument before
                   1165: .Ic \&Nm
                   1166: has first been called with an argument.
1.146     schwarze 1167: .It Sy "missing function name, using \(dq\(dq"
                   1168: .Pq mdoc
                   1169: The
                   1170: .Ic \&Fo
                   1171: macro is called without an argument.
                   1172: No function name is printed.
1.106     schwarze 1173: .It Sy "empty head in list item"
                   1174: .Pq mdoc
                   1175: In a
                   1176: .Ic \&Bl
                   1177: .Fl diag ,
                   1178: .Fl hang ,
                   1179: .Fl inset ,
                   1180: .Fl ohang ,
                   1181: or
                   1182: .Fl tag
                   1183: list, an
                   1184: .Ic \&It
                   1185: macro lacks the required argument.
                   1186: The item head is left empty.
                   1187: .It Sy "empty list item"
                   1188: .Pq mdoc
                   1189: In a
                   1190: .Ic \&Bl
                   1191: .Fl bullet ,
                   1192: .Fl dash ,
                   1193: .Fl enum ,
                   1194: or
                   1195: .Fl hyphen
                   1196: list, an
                   1197: .Ic \&It
                   1198: block is empty.
                   1199: An empty list item is shown.
1.152     schwarze 1200: .It Sy "missing font type, using \efR"
1.106     schwarze 1201: .Pq mdoc
                   1202: A
                   1203: .Ic \&Bf
                   1204: macro has no argument.
1.152     schwarze 1205: It switches to the default font.
                   1206: .It Sy "unknown font type, using \efR"
1.106     schwarze 1207: .Pq mdoc
                   1208: The
                   1209: .Ic \&Bf
                   1210: argument is invalid.
1.152     schwarze 1211: The default font is used instead.
1.127     schwarze 1212: .It Sy "nothing follows prefix"
                   1213: .Pq mdoc
                   1214: A
                   1215: .Ic \&Pf
                   1216: macro has no argument, or only one argument and no macro follows
                   1217: on the same input line.
                   1218: This defeats its purpose; in particular, spacing is not suppressed
                   1219: before the text or macros following on the next input line.
1.143     schwarze 1220: .It Sy "empty reference block"
                   1221: .Pq mdoc
                   1222: An
                   1223: .Ic \&Rs
                   1224: macro is immediately followed by an
                   1225: .Ic \&Re
                   1226: macro on the next input line.
                   1227: Such an empty block does not produce any output.
1.165     schwarze 1228: .It Sy "missing section argument"
                   1229: .Pq mdoc
                   1230: An
                   1231: .Ic \&Xr
                   1232: macro lacks its second, section number argument.
                   1233: The first argument, i.e. the name, is printed, but without subsequent
1.166     schwarze 1234: parentheses.
1.106     schwarze 1235: .It Sy "missing -std argument, adding it"
                   1236: .Pq mdoc
                   1237: An
                   1238: .Ic \&Ex
                   1239: or
                   1240: .Ic \&Rv
                   1241: macro lacks the required
                   1242: .Fl std
                   1243: argument.
                   1244: The
                   1245: .Nm
                   1246: utility assumes
                   1247: .Fl std
                   1248: even when it is not specified, but other implementations may not.
1.150     schwarze 1249: .It Sy "missing option string, using \(dq\(dq"
                   1250: .Pq man
                   1251: The
                   1252: .Ic \&OP
                   1253: macro is invoked without any argument.
                   1254: An empty pair of square brackets is shown.
                   1255: .It Sy "missing resource identifier, using \(dq\(dq"
                   1256: .Pq man
                   1257: The
                   1258: .Ic \&UR
                   1259: macro is invoked without any argument.
                   1260: An empty pair of angle brackets is shown.
1.118     schwarze 1261: .It Sy "missing eqn box, using \(dq\(dq"
                   1262: .Pq eqn
                   1263: A diacritic mark or a binary operator is found,
                   1264: but there is nothing to the left of it.
                   1265: An empty box is inserted.
1.106     schwarze 1266: .El
                   1267: .Ss "Warnings related to bad macro arguments"
                   1268: .Bl -ohang
                   1269: .It Sy "unterminated quoted argument"
                   1270: .Pq roff
                   1271: Macro arguments can be enclosed in double quote characters
                   1272: such that space characters and macro names contained in the quoted
                   1273: argument need not be escaped.
                   1274: The closing quote of the last argument of a macro can be omitted.
                   1275: However, omitting it is not recommended because it makes the code
                   1276: harder to read.
                   1277: .It Sy "duplicate argument"
                   1278: .Pq mdoc
                   1279: A
                   1280: .Ic \&Bd
                   1281: or
                   1282: .Ic \&Bl
                   1283: macro has more than one
                   1284: .Fl compact ,
                   1285: more than one
                   1286: .Fl offset ,
                   1287: or more than one
                   1288: .Fl width
                   1289: argument.
                   1290: All but the last instances of these arguments are ignored.
                   1291: .It Sy "skipping duplicate argument"
                   1292: .Pq mdoc
                   1293: An
                   1294: .Ic \&An
                   1295: macro has more than one
                   1296: .Fl split
                   1297: or
                   1298: .Fl nosplit
                   1299: argument.
                   1300: All but the first of these arguments are ignored.
                   1301: .It Sy "skipping duplicate display type"
                   1302: .Pq mdoc
                   1303: A
                   1304: .Ic \&Bd
                   1305: macro has more than one type argument; the first one is used.
                   1306: .It Sy "skipping duplicate list type"
                   1307: .Pq mdoc
                   1308: A
                   1309: .Ic \&Bl
                   1310: macro has more than one type argument; the first one is used.
                   1311: .It Sy "skipping -width argument"
                   1312: .Pq mdoc
                   1313: A
                   1314: .Ic \&Bl
                   1315: .Fl column ,
                   1316: .Fl diag ,
                   1317: .Fl ohang ,
                   1318: .Fl inset ,
                   1319: or
                   1320: .Fl item
                   1321: list has a
                   1322: .Fl width
                   1323: argument.
                   1324: That has no effect.
1.151     schwarze 1325: .It Sy "wrong number of cells"
                   1326: In a line of a
                   1327: .Ic \&Bl Fl column
                   1328: list, the number of tabs or
                   1329: .Ic \&Ta
                   1330: macros is less than the number expected from the list header line
                   1331: or exceeds the expected number by more than one.
                   1332: Missing cells remain empty, and all cells exceeding the number of
                   1333: columns are joined into one single cell.
1.106     schwarze 1334: .It Sy "unknown AT&T UNIX version"
                   1335: .Pq mdoc
                   1336: An
                   1337: .Ic \&At
                   1338: macro has an invalid argument.
                   1339: It is used verbatim, with
                   1340: .Qq "AT&T UNIX "
                   1341: prefixed to it.
1.113     schwarze 1342: .It Sy "comma in function argument"
                   1343: .Pq mdoc
                   1344: An argument of an
                   1345: .Ic \&Fa
                   1346: or
                   1347: .Ic \&Fn
                   1348: macro contains a comma; it should probably be split into two arguments.
1.117     schwarze 1349: .It Sy "parenthesis in function name"
                   1350: .Pq mdoc
                   1351: The first argument of an
                   1352: .Ic \&Fc
                   1353: or
                   1354: .Ic \&Fn
                   1355: macro contains an opening or closing parenthesis; that's probably wrong,
                   1356: parentheses are added automatically.
1.106     schwarze 1357: .It Sy "invalid content in Rs block"
                   1358: .Pq mdoc
                   1359: An
                   1360: .Ic \&Rs
                   1361: block contains plain text or non-% macros.
                   1362: The bogus content is left in the syntax tree.
                   1363: Formatting may be poor.
                   1364: .It Sy "invalid Boolean argument"
                   1365: .Pq mdoc
                   1366: An
                   1367: .Ic \&Sm
                   1368: macro has an argument other than
                   1369: .Cm on
                   1370: or
                   1371: .Cm off .
                   1372: The invalid argument is moved out of the macro, which leaves the macro
                   1373: empty, causing it to toggle the spacing mode.
                   1374: .It Sy "unknown font, skipping request"
1.115     schwarze 1375: .Pq man , tbl
1.106     schwarze 1376: A
                   1377: .Xr roff 7
                   1378: .Ic \&ft
1.115     schwarze 1379: request or a
                   1380: .Xr tbl 7
                   1381: .Ic \&f
                   1382: layout modifier has an unknown
                   1383: .Ar font
                   1384: argument.
1.151     schwarze 1385: .It Sy "odd number of characters in request"
                   1386: .Pq roff
                   1387: A
                   1388: .Ic \&tr
                   1389: request contains an odd number of characters.
                   1390: The last character is mapped to the blank character.
1.106     schwarze 1391: .El
                   1392: .Ss "Warnings related to plain text"
                   1393: .Bl -ohang
                   1394: .It Sy "blank line in fill mode, using .sp"
                   1395: .Pq mdoc
                   1396: The meaning of blank input lines is only well-defined in non-fill mode:
                   1397: In fill mode, line breaks of text input lines are not supposed to be
                   1398: significant.
                   1399: However, for compatibility with groff, blank lines in fill mode
                   1400: are replaced with
                   1401: .Ic \&sp
                   1402: requests.
                   1403: .It Sy "tab in filled text"
                   1404: .Pq mdoc , man
                   1405: The meaning of tab characters is only well-defined in non-fill mode:
                   1406: In fill mode, whitespace is not supposed to be significant
                   1407: on text input lines.
                   1408: As an implementation dependent choice, tab characters on text lines
                   1409: are passed through to the formatters in any case.
                   1410: Given that the text before the tab character will be filled,
                   1411: it is hard to predict which tab stop position the tab will advance to.
                   1412: .It Sy "whitespace at end of input line"
                   1413: .Pq mdoc , man , roff
                   1414: Whitespace at the end of input lines is almost never semantically
                   1415: significant \(em but in the odd case where it might be, it is
                   1416: extremely confusing when reviewing and maintaining documents.
1.172     schwarze 1417: .It Sy "new sentence, new line"
                   1418: .Pq mdoc
                   1419: A new sentence starts in the middle of a text line.
                   1420: Start it on a new input line to help formatters produce correct spacing.
1.106     schwarze 1421: .It Sy "bad comment style"
                   1422: .Pq roff
                   1423: Comment lines start with a dot, a backslash, and a double-quote character.
                   1424: The
                   1425: .Nm
                   1426: utility treats the line as a comment line even without the backslash,
                   1427: but leaving out the backslash might not be portable.
                   1428: .It Sy "invalid escape sequence"
                   1429: .Pq roff
                   1430: An escape sequence has an invalid opening argument delimiter, lacks the
                   1431: closing argument delimiter, or the argument has too few characters.
                   1432: If the argument is incomplete,
                   1433: .Ic \e*
                   1434: and
                   1435: .Ic \en
                   1436: expand to an empty string,
                   1437: .Ic \eB
                   1438: to the digit
                   1439: .Sq 0 ,
                   1440: and
                   1441: .Ic \ew
                   1442: to the length of the incomplete argument.
                   1443: All other invalid escape sequences are ignored.
                   1444: .It Sy "undefined string, using \(dq\(dq"
                   1445: .Pq roff
                   1446: If a string is used without being defined before,
                   1447: its value is implicitly set to the empty string.
                   1448: However, defining strings explicitly before use
                   1449: keeps the code more readable.
                   1450: .El
1.138     schwarze 1451: .Ss "Warnings related to tables"
                   1452: .Bl -ohang
                   1453: .It Sy "tbl line starts with span"
                   1454: .Pq tbl
                   1455: The first cell in a table layout line is a horizontal span
                   1456: .Pq Sq Cm s .
                   1457: Data provided for this cell is ignored, and nothing is printed in the cell.
                   1458: .It Sy "tbl column starts with span"
                   1459: .Pq tbl
                   1460: The first line of a table layout specification
                   1461: requests a vertical span
                   1462: .Pq Sq Cm ^ .
                   1463: Data provided for this cell is ignored, and nothing is printed in the cell.
                   1464: .It Sy "skipping vertical bar in tbl layout"
                   1465: .Pq tbl
                   1466: A table layout specification contains more than two consecutive vertical bars.
                   1467: A double bar is printed, all additional bars are discarded.
1.106     schwarze 1468: .El
                   1469: .Ss "Errors related to tables"
1.136     schwarze 1470: .Bl -ohang
                   1471: .It Sy "non-alphabetic character in tbl options"
                   1472: .Pq tbl
                   1473: The table options line contains a character other than a letter,
                   1474: blank, or comma where the beginning of an option name is expected.
                   1475: The character is ignored.
                   1476: .It Sy "skipping unknown tbl option"
                   1477: .Pq tbl
                   1478: The table options line contains a string of letters that does not
                   1479: match any known option name.
                   1480: The word is ignored.
                   1481: .It Sy "missing tbl option argument"
                   1482: .Pq tbl
                   1483: A table option that requires an argument is not followed by an
                   1484: opening parenthesis, or the opening parenthesis is immediately
                   1485: followed by a closing parenthesis.
                   1486: The option is ignored.
                   1487: .It Sy "wrong tbl option argument size"
                   1488: .Pq tbl
                   1489: A table option argument contains an invalid number of characters.
                   1490: Both the option and the argument are ignored.
1.138     schwarze 1491: .It Sy "empty tbl layout"
                   1492: .Pq tbl
                   1493: A table layout specification is completely empty,
                   1494: specifying zero lines and zero columns.
                   1495: As a fallback, a single left-justified column is used.
                   1496: .It Sy "invalid character in tbl layout"
                   1497: .Pq tbl
                   1498: A table layout specification contains a character that can neither
                   1499: be interpreted as a layout key character nor as a layout modifier,
                   1500: or a modifier precedes the first key.
                   1501: The invalid character is discarded.
                   1502: .It Sy "unmatched parenthesis in tbl layout"
                   1503: .Pq tbl
                   1504: A table layout specification contains an opening parenthesis,
                   1505: but no matching closing parenthesis.
                   1506: The rest of the input line, starting from the parenthesis, has no effect.
1.139     schwarze 1507: .It Sy "tbl without any data cells"
                   1508: .Pq tbl
                   1509: A table does not contain any data cells.
                   1510: It will probably produce no output.
                   1511: .It Sy "ignoring data in spanned tbl cell"
                   1512: .Pq tbl
                   1513: A table cell is marked as a horizontal span
                   1514: .Pq Sq Cm s
                   1515: or vertical span
                   1516: .Pq Sq Cm ^
                   1517: in the table layout, but it contains data.
                   1518: The data is ignored.
                   1519: .It Sy "ignoring extra tbl data cells"
                   1520: .Pq tbl
                   1521: A data line contains more cells than the corresponding layout line.
                   1522: The data in the extra cells is ignored.
                   1523: .It Sy "data block open at end of tbl"
                   1524: .Pq tbl
                   1525: A data block is opened with
                   1526: .Cm T{ ,
                   1527: but never closed with a matching
                   1528: .Cm T} .
                   1529: The remaining data lines of the table are all put into one cell,
                   1530: and any remaining cells stay empty.
1.106     schwarze 1531: .El
                   1532: .Ss "Errors related to roff, mdoc, and man code"
                   1533: .Bl -ohang
                   1534: .It Sy "input stack limit exceeded, infinite loop?"
                   1535: .Pq roff
                   1536: Explicit recursion limits are implemented for the following features,
                   1537: in order to prevent infinite loops:
                   1538: .Bl -dash -compact
                   1539: .It
                   1540: expansion of nested escape sequences
                   1541: including expansion of strings and number registers,
                   1542: .It
                   1543: expansion of nested user-defined macros,
                   1544: .It
                   1545: and
                   1546: .Ic \&so
                   1547: file inclusion.
                   1548: .El
                   1549: When a limit is hit, the output is incorrect, typically losing
                   1550: some content, but the parser can continue.
                   1551: .It Sy "skipping bad character"
                   1552: .Pq mdoc , man , roff
                   1553: The input file contains a byte that is not a printable
                   1554: .Xr ascii 7
                   1555: character.
                   1556: The message mentions the character number.
                   1557: The offending byte is replaced with a question mark
                   1558: .Pq Sq \&? .
                   1559: Consider editing the input file to replace the byte with an ASCII
                   1560: transliteration of the intended character.
                   1561: .It Sy "skipping unknown macro"
                   1562: .Pq mdoc , man , roff
                   1563: The first identifier on a request or macro line is neither recognized as a
                   1564: .Xr roff 7
                   1565: request, nor as a user-defined macro, nor, respectively, as an
                   1566: .Xr mdoc 7
                   1567: or
                   1568: .Xr man 7
                   1569: macro.
                   1570: It may be mistyped or unsupported.
                   1571: The request or macro is discarded including its arguments.
1.133     schwarze 1572: .It Sy "skipping insecure request"
                   1573: .Pq roff
                   1574: An input file attempted to run a shell command
                   1575: or to read or write an external file.
                   1576: Such attempts are denied for security reasons.
1.106     schwarze 1577: .It Sy "skipping item outside list"
1.118     schwarze 1578: .Pq mdoc , eqn
1.106     schwarze 1579: An
                   1580: .Ic \&It
                   1581: macro occurs outside any
                   1582: .Ic \&Bl
1.118     schwarze 1583: list, or an
                   1584: .Xr eqn 7
                   1585: .Ic above
                   1586: delimiter occurs outside any pile.
1.106     schwarze 1587: It is discarded including its arguments.
                   1588: .It Sy "skipping column outside column list"
                   1589: .Pq mdoc
                   1590: A
                   1591: .Ic \&Ta
                   1592: macro occurs outside any
                   1593: .Ic \&Bl Fl column
                   1594: block.
                   1595: It is discarded including its arguments.
                   1596: .It Sy "skipping end of block that is not open"
                   1597: .Pq mdoc , man , eqn , tbl , roff
                   1598: Various syntax elements can only be used to explicitly close blocks
                   1599: that have previously been opened.
                   1600: An
                   1601: .Xr mdoc 7
                   1602: block closing macro, a
                   1603: .Xr man 7
                   1604: .Ic \&RE
                   1605: or
                   1606: .Ic \&UE
1.118     schwarze 1607: macro, an
                   1608: .Xr eqn 7
                   1609: right delimiter or closing brace, or the end of an equation, table, or
1.106     schwarze 1610: .Xr roff 7
                   1611: conditional request is encountered but no matching block is open.
                   1612: The offending request or macro is discarded.
1.135     schwarze 1613: .It Sy "fewer RS blocks open, skipping"
                   1614: .Pq man
                   1615: The
                   1616: .Ic \&RE
                   1617: macro is invoked with an argument, but less than the specified number of
                   1618: .Ic \&RS
                   1619: blocks is open.
                   1620: The
                   1621: .Ic \&RE
                   1622: macro is discarded.
1.106     schwarze 1623: .It Sy "inserting missing end of block"
                   1624: .Pq mdoc , tbl
                   1625: Various
                   1626: .Xr mdoc 7
                   1627: macros as well as tables require explicit closing by dedicated macros.
                   1628: A block that doesn't support bad nesting
                   1629: ends before all of its children are properly closed.
                   1630: The open child nodes are closed implicitly.
1.152     schwarze 1631: .It Sy "appending missing end of block"
1.106     schwarze 1632: .Pq mdoc , man , eqn , tbl , roff
                   1633: At the end of the document, an explicit
                   1634: .Xr mdoc 7
                   1635: block, a
                   1636: .Xr man 7
                   1637: next-line scope or
                   1638: .Ic \&RS
                   1639: or
                   1640: .Ic \&UR
                   1641: block, an equation, table, or
                   1642: .Xr roff 7
                   1643: conditional or ignore block is still open.
                   1644: The open block is closed implicitly.
                   1645: .It Sy "escaped character not allowed in a name"
                   1646: .Pq roff
                   1647: Macro, string and register identifiers consist of printable,
                   1648: non-whitespace ASCII characters.
                   1649: Escape sequences and characters and strings expressed in terms of them
                   1650: cannot form part of a name.
                   1651: The first argument of an
                   1652: .Ic \&am ,
                   1653: .Ic \&as ,
                   1654: .Ic \&de ,
                   1655: .Ic \&ds ,
                   1656: .Ic \&nr ,
                   1657: or
                   1658: .Ic \&rr
                   1659: request, or any argument of an
                   1660: .Ic \&rm
                   1661: request, or the name of a request or user defined macro being called,
                   1662: is terminated by an escape sequence.
                   1663: In the cases of
                   1664: .Ic \&as ,
                   1665: .Ic \&ds ,
                   1666: and
                   1667: .Ic \&nr ,
                   1668: the request has no effect at all.
                   1669: In the cases of
                   1670: .Ic \&am ,
                   1671: .Ic \&de ,
                   1672: .Ic \&rr ,
                   1673: and
                   1674: .Ic \&rm ,
                   1675: what was parsed up to this point is used as the arguments to the request,
                   1676: and the rest of the input line is discarded including the escape sequence.
                   1677: When parsing for a request or a user-defined macro name to be called,
                   1678: only the escape sequence is discarded.
                   1679: The characters preceding it are used as the request or macro name,
                   1680: the characters following it are used as the arguments to the request or macro.
1.124     schwarze 1681: .It Sy "NOT IMPLEMENTED: Bd -file"
                   1682: .Pq mdoc
                   1683: For security reasons, the
                   1684: .Ic \&Bd
                   1685: macro does not support the
                   1686: .Fl file
                   1687: argument.
                   1688: By requesting the inclusion of a sensitive file, a malicious document
                   1689: might otherwise trick a privileged user into inadvertently displaying
                   1690: the file on the screen, revealing the file content to bystanders.
                   1691: The argument is ignored including the file name following it.
1.163     schwarze 1692: .It Sy "skipping display without arguments"
                   1693: .Pq mdoc
                   1694: A
                   1695: .Ic \&Bd
                   1696: block macro does not have any arguments.
                   1697: The block is discarded, and the block content is displayed in
                   1698: whatever mode was active before the block.
1.106     schwarze 1699: .It Sy "missing list type, using -item"
                   1700: .Pq mdoc
                   1701: A
                   1702: .Ic \&Bl
                   1703: macro fails to specify the list type.
                   1704: .It Sy "missing manual name, using \(dq\(dq"
                   1705: .Pq mdoc
                   1706: The first call to
1.168     schwarze 1707: .Ic \&Nm ,
                   1708: or any call in the NAME section, lacks the required argument.
1.106     schwarze 1709: .It Sy "uname(3) system call failed, using UNKNOWN"
                   1710: .Pq mdoc
                   1711: The
                   1712: .Ic \&Os
                   1713: macro is called without arguments, and the
                   1714: .Xr uname 3
                   1715: system call failed.
                   1716: As a workaround,
                   1717: .Nm
                   1718: can be compiled with
                   1719: .Sm off
                   1720: .Fl D Cm OSNAME=\(dq\e\(dq Ar string Cm \e\(dq\(dq .
                   1721: .Sm on
                   1722: .It Sy "unknown standard specifier"
                   1723: .Pq mdoc
                   1724: An
                   1725: .Ic \&St
                   1726: macro has an unknown argument and is discarded.
                   1727: .It Sy "skipping request without numeric argument"
1.118     schwarze 1728: .Pq roff , eqn
1.106     schwarze 1729: An
                   1730: .Ic \&it
1.118     schwarze 1731: request or an
                   1732: .Xr eqn 7
                   1733: .Ic \&size
                   1734: or
                   1735: .Ic \&gsize
                   1736: statement has a non-numeric or negative argument or no argument at all.
                   1737: The invalid request or statement is ignored.
1.132     schwarze 1738: .It Sy "NOT IMPLEMENTED: .so with absolute path or \(dq..\(dq"
                   1739: .Pq roff
                   1740: For security reasons,
                   1741: .Nm
                   1742: allows
                   1743: .Ic \&so
                   1744: file inclusion requests only with relative paths
                   1745: and only without ascending to any parent directory.
                   1746: By requesting the inclusion of a sensitive file, a malicious document
                   1747: might otherwise trick a privileged user into inadvertently displaying
                   1748: the file on the screen, revealing the file content to bystanders.
                   1749: .Nm
                   1750: only shows the path as it appears behind
                   1751: .Ic \&so .
                   1752: .It Sy ".so request failed"
                   1753: .Pq roff
                   1754: Servicing a
                   1755: .Ic \&so
                   1756: request requires reading an external file, but the file could not be
                   1757: opened.
                   1758: .Nm
                   1759: only shows the path as it appears behind
                   1760: .Ic \&so .
1.106     schwarze 1761: .It Sy "skipping all arguments"
                   1762: .Pq mdoc , man , eqn , roff
                   1763: An
                   1764: .Xr mdoc 7
                   1765: .Ic \&Bt ,
                   1766: .Ic \&Ed ,
                   1767: .Ic \&Ef ,
                   1768: .Ic \&Ek ,
                   1769: .Ic \&El ,
1.144     schwarze 1770: .Ic \&Lp ,
                   1771: .Ic \&Pp ,
1.106     schwarze 1772: .Ic \&Re ,
1.143     schwarze 1773: .Ic \&Rs ,
1.106     schwarze 1774: or
                   1775: .Ic \&Ud
                   1776: macro, an
                   1777: .Ic \&It
                   1778: macro in a list that don't support item heads, a
                   1779: .Xr man 7
                   1780: .Ic \&LP ,
                   1781: .Ic \&P ,
                   1782: or
                   1783: .Ic \&PP
                   1784: macro, an
                   1785: .Xr eqn 7
1.120     schwarze 1786: .Ic \&EQ
                   1787: or
1.106     schwarze 1788: .Ic \&EN
                   1789: macro, or a
                   1790: .Xr roff 7
1.148     schwarze 1791: .Ic \&br ,
                   1792: .Ic \&fi ,
                   1793: or
                   1794: .Ic \&nf
1.144     schwarze 1795: request or
1.106     schwarze 1796: .Sq \&..
                   1797: block closing request is invoked with at least one argument.
                   1798: All arguments are ignored.
                   1799: .It Sy "skipping excess arguments"
1.135     schwarze 1800: .Pq mdoc , man , roff
1.150     schwarze 1801: A macro or request is invoked with too many arguments:
                   1802: .Bl -dash -offset 2n -width 2n -compact
                   1803: .It
                   1804: .Ic \&Fo ,
                   1805: .Ic \&PD ,
                   1806: .Ic \&RS ,
                   1807: .Ic \&UR ,
                   1808: .Ic \&ft ,
                   1809: or
                   1810: .Ic \&sp
                   1811: with more than one argument
                   1812: .It
1.144     schwarze 1813: .Ic \&An
1.150     schwarze 1814: with another argument after
1.144     schwarze 1815: .Fl split
                   1816: or
1.150     schwarze 1817: .Fl nosplit
                   1818: .It
                   1819: .Ic \&RE
                   1820: with more than one argument or with a non-integer argument
                   1821: .It
                   1822: .Ic \&OP
                   1823: or a request of the
                   1824: .Ic \&de
                   1825: family with more than two arguments
1.154     schwarze 1826: .It
                   1827: .Ic \&Dt
                   1828: with more than three arguments
1.150     schwarze 1829: .It
                   1830: .Ic \&TH
                   1831: with more than five arguments
                   1832: .It
1.145     schwarze 1833: .Ic \&Bd ,
                   1834: .Ic \&Bk ,
                   1835: or
                   1836: .Ic \&Bl
1.150     schwarze 1837: with invalid arguments
                   1838: .El
1.106     schwarze 1839: The excess arguments are ignored.
1.133     schwarze 1840: .El
                   1841: .Ss Unsupported features
                   1842: .Bl -ohang
                   1843: .It Sy "input too large"
                   1844: .Pq mdoc , man
                   1845: Currently,
                   1846: .Nm
                   1847: cannot handle input files larger than its arbitrary size limit
                   1848: of 2^31 bytes (2 Gigabytes).
                   1849: Since useful manuals are always small, this is not a problem in practice.
                   1850: Parsing is aborted as soon as the condition is detected.
1.136     schwarze 1851: .It Sy "unsupported control character"
                   1852: .Pq roff
                   1853: An ASCII control character supported by other
                   1854: .Xr roff 7
                   1855: implementations but not by
                   1856: .Nm
                   1857: was found in an input file.
                   1858: It is replaced by a question mark.
1.133     schwarze 1859: .It Sy "unsupported roff request"
                   1860: .Pq roff
                   1861: An input file contains a
                   1862: .Xr roff 7
                   1863: request supported by GNU troff or Heirloom troff but not by
                   1864: .Nm ,
                   1865: and it is likely that this will cause information loss
                   1866: or considerable misformatting.
1.139     schwarze 1867: .It Sy "eqn delim option in tbl"
                   1868: .Pq eqn , tbl
                   1869: The options line of a table defines equation delimiters.
                   1870: Any equation source code contained in the table will be printed unformatted.
                   1871: .It Sy "unsupported table layout modifier"
1.138     schwarze 1872: .Pq tbl
                   1873: A table layout specification contains an
                   1874: .Sq Cm m
                   1875: modifier.
                   1876: The modifier is discarded.
1.133     schwarze 1877: .It Sy "ignoring macro in table"
1.139     schwarze 1878: .Pq tbl , mdoc , man
                   1879: A table contains an invocation of an
                   1880: .Xr mdoc 7
                   1881: or
                   1882: .Xr man 7
                   1883: macro or of an undefined macro.
                   1884: The macro is ignored, and its arguments are handled
                   1885: as if they were a text line.
1.106     schwarze 1886: .El
1.1       kristaps 1887: .Sh SEE ALSO
1.141     schwarze 1888: .Xr apropos 1 ,
                   1889: .Xr man 1 ,
1.85      kristaps 1890: .Xr eqn 7 ,
1.57      kristaps 1891: .Xr man 7 ,
1.13      kristaps 1892: .Xr mandoc_char 7 ,
1.84      kristaps 1893: .Xr mdoc 7 ,
                   1894: .Xr roff 7 ,
                   1895: .Xr tbl 7
1.173     schwarze 1896: .Sh HISTORY
                   1897: The
                   1898: .Nm
                   1899: utility first appeared in
                   1900: .Ox 4.8 .
                   1901: The option
                   1902: .Fl I
                   1903: appeared in
                   1904: .Ox 5.2 ,
                   1905: and
                   1906: .Fl aCcfhKklMSsw
                   1907: in
                   1908: .Ox 5.7 .
1.1       kristaps 1909: .Sh AUTHORS
1.156     schwarze 1910: .An -nosplit
1.1       kristaps 1911: The
                   1912: .Nm
1.26      kristaps 1913: utility was written by
1.141     schwarze 1914: .An Kristaps Dzonsons Aq Mt kristaps@bsd.lv
                   1915: and is maintained by
                   1916: .An Ingo Schwarze Aq Mt schwarze@openbsd.org .

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