Annotation of mandoc/mandoc.1, Revision 1.202
1.202 ! schwarze 1: .\" $Id: mandoc.1,v 1.201 2017/06/17 23:07:00 schwarze Exp $
1.1 kristaps 2: .\"
1.92 schwarze 3: .\" Copyright (c) 2009, 2010, 2011 Kristaps Dzonsons <kristaps@bsd.lv>
1.168 schwarze 4: .\" Copyright (c) 2012, 2014-2017 Ingo Schwarze <schwarze@openbsd.org>
1.1 kristaps 5: .\"
6: .\" Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any
1.16 kristaps 7: .\" purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
8: .\" copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.
1.1 kristaps 9: .\"
1.16 kristaps 10: .\" THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES
11: .\" WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
12: .\" MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR
13: .\" ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES
14: .\" WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN
15: .\" ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF
16: .\" OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
1.1 kristaps 17: .\"
1.201 schwarze 18: .Dd $Mdocdate: June 17 2017 $
1.14 kristaps 19: .Dt MANDOC 1
1.1 kristaps 20: .Os
21: .Sh NAME
22: .Nm mandoc
1.181 schwarze 23: .Nd format manual pages
1.1 kristaps 24: .Sh SYNOPSIS
25: .Nm mandoc
1.184 schwarze 26: .Op Fl ac
1.156 schwarze 27: .Op Fl I Cm os Ns = Ns Ar name
28: .Op Fl K Ar encoding
1.180 schwarze 29: .Op Fl mdoc | man
1.184 schwarze 30: .Op Fl O Ar options
1.156 schwarze 31: .Op Fl T Ar output
32: .Op Fl W Ar level
1.89 kristaps 33: .Op Ar
1.1 kristaps 34: .Sh DESCRIPTION
35: The
36: .Nm
1.26 kristaps 37: utility formats
1.8 kristaps 38: .Ux
1.57 kristaps 39: manual pages for display.
1.100 kristaps 40: .Pp
41: By default,
42: .Nm
43: reads
44: .Xr mdoc 7
45: or
46: .Xr man 7
1.180 schwarze 47: text from stdin and produces
1.156 schwarze 48: .Fl T Cm locale
1.100 kristaps 49: output.
50: .Pp
1.109 schwarze 51: The options are as follows:
1.19 kristaps 52: .Bl -tag -width Ds
1.107 schwarze 53: .It Fl a
54: If the standard output is a terminal device and
55: .Fl c
56: is not specified, use
57: .Xr more 1
58: to paginate the output, just like
59: .Xr man 1
60: would.
61: .It Fl c
62: Copy the formatted manual pages to the standard output without using
63: .Xr more 1
64: to paginate them.
65: This is the default.
66: It can be specified to override
67: .Fl a .
1.156 schwarze 68: .It Fl I Cm os Ns = Ns Ar name
1.101 schwarze 69: Override the default operating system
70: .Ar name
71: for the
72: .Xr mdoc 7
1.180 schwarze 73: .Ic \&Os
1.130 schwarze 74: and for the
75: .Xr man 7
1.180 schwarze 76: .Ic \&TH
1.101 schwarze 77: macro.
1.156 schwarze 78: .It Fl K Ar encoding
1.119 schwarze 79: Specify the input encoding.
80: The supported
81: .Ar encoding
82: arguments are
83: .Cm us-ascii ,
84: .Cm iso-8859-1 ,
85: and
86: .Cm utf-8 .
1.176 schwarze 87: If not specified, autodetection uses the first match in the following
88: list:
89: .Bl -enum
90: .It
91: If the first three bytes of the input file are the UTF-8 byte order
92: mark (BOM, 0xefbbbf), input is interpreted as
93: .Cm utf-8 .
94: .It
95: If the first or second line of the input file matches the
1.119 schwarze 96: .Sy emacs
97: mode line format
98: .Pp
99: .D1 .\e" -*- Oo ...; Oc coding: Ar encoding ; No -*-
1.176 schwarze 100: .Pp
101: then input is interpreted according to
102: .Ar encoding .
103: .It
104: If the first non-ASCII byte in the file introduces a valid UTF-8
105: sequence, input is interpreted as
106: .Cm utf-8 .
107: .It
108: Otherwise, input is interpreted as
109: .Cm iso-8859-1 .
1.119 schwarze 110: .El
1.180 schwarze 111: .It Fl mdoc | man
112: With
113: .Fl mdoc ,
114: all input files are interpreted as
115: .Xr mdoc 7 .
116: With
117: .Fl man ,
118: all input files are interpreted as
119: .Xr man 7 .
120: By default, the input language is automatically detected for each file:
121: if the the first macro is
122: .Ic \&Dd
123: or
124: .Ic \&Dt ,
125: the
126: .Xr mdoc 7
127: parser is used; otherwise, the
128: .Xr man 7
129: parser is used.
130: With other arguments,
131: .Fl m
132: is silently ignored.
1.184 schwarze 133: .It Fl O Ar options
1.57 kristaps 134: Comma-separated output options.
1.156 schwarze 135: .It Fl T Ar output
1.57 kristaps 136: Output format.
137: See
1.1 kristaps 138: .Sx Output Formats
1.57 kristaps 139: for available formats.
140: Defaults to
1.156 schwarze 141: .Fl T Cm locale .
142: .It Fl W Ar level
1.77 schwarze 143: Specify the minimum message
144: .Ar level
145: to be reported on the standard error output and to affect the exit status.
146: The
147: .Ar level
148: can be
1.202 ! schwarze 149: .Cm base ,
1.185 schwarze 150: .Cm style ,
1.133 schwarze 151: .Cm warning ,
152: .Cm error ,
1.77 schwarze 153: or
1.202 ! schwarze 154: .Cm unsupp .
! 155: The
! 156: .Cm base
! 157: level automatically derives the operating system from the contents of the
! 158: .Ic \&Os
! 159: macro, from the
! 160: .Fl Ios
! 161: command line option, or from the
! 162: .Xr uname 3
! 163: return value.
! 164: The levels
! 165: .Cm openbsd
! 166: and
! 167: .Cm netbsd
! 168: are variants of
! 169: .Cm base
! 170: that bypass autodetection and request validation of base system
! 171: conventions for a particular operating system.
! 172: The level
1.132 schwarze 173: .Cm all
1.77 schwarze 174: is an alias for
1.202 ! schwarze 175: .Cm base .
1.132 schwarze 176: By default,
177: .Nm
178: is silent.
1.77 schwarze 179: See
180: .Sx EXIT STATUS
181: and
182: .Sx DIAGNOSTICS
183: for details.
184: .Pp
185: The special option
1.156 schwarze 186: .Fl W Cm stop
1.77 schwarze 187: tells
188: .Nm
189: to exit after parsing a file that causes warnings or errors of at least
190: the requested level.
191: No formatted output will be produced from that file.
192: If both a
193: .Ar level
194: and
195: .Cm stop
196: are requested, they can be joined with a comma, for example
1.156 schwarze 197: .Fl W Cm error , Ns Cm stop .
1.58 kristaps 198: .It Ar file
199: Read input from zero or more files.
1.57 kristaps 200: If unspecified, reads from stdin.
201: If multiple files are specified,
1.2 kristaps 202: .Nm
203: will halt with the first failed parse.
1.1 kristaps 204: .El
1.109 schwarze 205: .Pp
1.183 schwarze 206: The options
207: .Fl fhklw
208: are also supported and are documented in man(1).
1.109 schwarze 209: In
210: .Fl f
211: and
212: .Fl k
213: mode,
214: .Nm
215: also supports the options
1.183 schwarze 216: .Fl CMmOSs
1.109 schwarze 217: described in the
218: .Xr apropos 1
219: manual.
1.182 schwarze 220: The options
221: .Fl fkl
222: are mutually exclusive and override each other.
1.1 kristaps 223: .Ss Output Formats
224: The
225: .Nm
226: utility accepts the following
227: .Fl T
1.66 kristaps 228: arguments, which correspond to output modes:
1.175 schwarze 229: .Bl -tag -width "-T markdown"
1.156 schwarze 230: .It Fl T Cm ascii
1.81 kristaps 231: Produce 7-bit ASCII output.
1.57 kristaps 232: See
1.48 kristaps 233: .Sx ASCII Output .
1.156 schwarze 234: .It Fl T Cm html
1.116 kristaps 235: Produce HTML5, CSS1, and MathML output.
1.57 kristaps 236: See
1.48 kristaps 237: .Sx HTML Output .
1.156 schwarze 238: .It Fl T Cm lint
1.58 kristaps 239: Parse only: produce no output.
240: Implies
1.202 ! schwarze 241: .Fl W Cm all .
1.156 schwarze 242: .It Fl T Cm locale
1.93 schwarze 243: Encode output using the current locale.
1.128 schwarze 244: This is the default.
1.93 schwarze 245: See
246: .Sx Locale Output .
1.156 schwarze 247: .It Fl T Cm man
1.95 kristaps 248: Produce
1.91 schwarze 249: .Xr man 7
1.95 kristaps 250: format output.
251: See
252: .Sx Man Output .
1.175 schwarze 253: .It Fl T Cm markdown
254: Produce output in
255: .Sy markdown
256: format.
257: See
258: .Sx Markdown Output .
1.156 schwarze 259: .It Fl T Cm pdf
1.73 kristaps 260: Produce PDF output.
261: See
262: .Sx PDF Output .
1.156 schwarze 263: .It Fl T Cm ps
1.62 kristaps 264: Produce PostScript output.
265: See
266: .Sx PostScript Output .
1.156 schwarze 267: .It Fl T Cm tree
1.58 kristaps 268: Produce an indented parse tree.
1.161 schwarze 269: See
270: .Sx Syntax tree output .
1.156 schwarze 271: .It Fl T Cm utf8
1.93 schwarze 272: Encode output in the UTF\-8 multi-byte format.
273: See
274: .Sx UTF\-8 Output .
1.1 kristaps 275: .El
1.13 kristaps 276: .Pp
277: If multiple input files are specified, these will be processed by the
278: corresponding filter in-order.
1.66 kristaps 279: .Ss ASCII Output
280: Output produced by
1.156 schwarze 281: .Fl T Cm ascii
1.128 schwarze 282: is rendered in standard 7-bit ASCII documented in
1.66 kristaps 283: .Xr ascii 7 .
284: .Pp
285: Font styles are applied by using back-spaced encoding such that an
286: underlined character
287: .Sq c
288: is rendered as
289: .Sq _ Ns \e[bs] Ns c ,
290: where
291: .Sq \e[bs]
292: is the back-space character number 8.
293: Emboldened characters are rendered as
294: .Sq c Ns \e[bs] Ns c .
295: .Pp
296: The special characters documented in
297: .Xr mandoc_char 7
298: are rendered best-effort in an ASCII equivalent.
299: .Pp
300: Output width is limited to 78 visible columns unless literal input lines
301: exceed this limit.
302: .Pp
303: The following
304: .Fl O
305: arguments are accepted:
1.19 kristaps 306: .Bl -tag -width Ds
1.98 schwarze 307: .It Cm indent Ns = Ns Ar indent
308: The left margin for normal text is set to
309: .Ar indent
310: blank characters instead of the default of five for
311: .Xr mdoc 7
312: and seven for
313: .Xr man 7 .
314: Increasing this is not recommended; it may result in degraded formatting,
1.99 schwarze 315: for example overfull lines or ugly line breaks.
1.66 kristaps 316: .It Cm width Ns = Ns Ar width
317: The output width is set to
1.199 schwarze 318: .Ar width .
1.1 kristaps 319: .El
1.66 kristaps 320: .Ss HTML Output
321: Output produced by
1.156 schwarze 322: .Fl T Cm html
1.114 kristaps 323: conforms to HTML5 using optional self-closing tags.
1.116 kristaps 324: Default styles use only CSS1.
325: Equations rendered from
326: .Xr eqn 7
327: blocks use MathML.
1.66 kristaps 328: .Pp
1.61 kristaps 329: The
1.164 schwarze 330: .Pa mandoc.css
1.83 kristaps 331: file documents style-sheet classes available for customising output.
332: If a style-sheet is not specified with
1.156 schwarze 333: .Fl O Cm style ,
334: .Fl T Cm html
1.114 kristaps 335: defaults to simple output (via an embedded style-sheet)
336: readable in any graphical or text-based web
1.83 kristaps 337: browser.
1.66 kristaps 338: .Pp
1.89 kristaps 339: Special characters are rendered in decimal-encoded UTF\-8.
1.66 kristaps 340: .Pp
341: The following
1.64 kristaps 342: .Fl O
1.66 kristaps 343: arguments are accepted:
1.37 kristaps 344: .Bl -tag -width Ds
1.94 kristaps 345: .It Cm fragment
1.123 schwarze 346: Omit the <!DOCTYPE> declaration and the <html>, <head>, and <body>
347: elements and only emit the subtree below the <body> element.
1.94 kristaps 348: The
349: .Cm style
1.97 schwarze 350: argument will be ignored.
1.94 kristaps 351: This is useful when embedding manual content within existing documents.
1.64 kristaps 352: .It Cm includes Ns = Ns Ar fmt
1.40 kristaps 353: The string
354: .Ar fmt ,
1.49 kristaps 355: for example,
1.40 kristaps 356: .Ar ../src/%I.html ,
357: is used as a template for linked header files (usually via the
1.180 schwarze 358: .Ic \&In
1.57 kristaps 359: macro).
360: Instances of
1.43 kristaps 361: .Sq \&%I
1.57 kristaps 362: are replaced with the include filename.
363: The default is not to present a
1.40 kristaps 364: hyperlink.
1.64 kristaps 365: .It Cm man Ns = Ns Ar fmt
1.39 kristaps 366: The string
367: .Ar fmt ,
1.49 kristaps 368: for example,
1.39 kristaps 369: .Ar ../html%S/%N.%S.html ,
370: is used as a template for linked manuals (usually via the
1.180 schwarze 371: .Ic \&Xr
1.57 kristaps 372: macro).
373: Instances of
1.43 kristaps 374: .Sq \&%N
1.40 kristaps 375: and
376: .Sq %S
377: are replaced with the linked manual's name and section, respectively.
1.57 kristaps 378: If no section is included, section 1 is assumed.
379: The default is not to
1.40 kristaps 380: present a hyperlink.
1.64 kristaps 381: .It Cm style Ns = Ns Ar style.css
1.58 kristaps 382: The file
383: .Ar style.css
384: is used for an external style-sheet.
385: This must be a valid absolute or
386: relative URI.
1.61 kristaps 387: .El
1.93 schwarze 388: .Ss Locale Output
389: Locale-depending output encoding is triggered with
1.156 schwarze 390: .Fl T Cm locale .
1.128 schwarze 391: This is the default.
392: .Pp
1.93 schwarze 393: This option is not available on all systems: systems without locale
394: support, or those whose internal representation is not natively UCS-4,
395: will fall back to
1.156 schwarze 396: .Fl T Cm ascii .
1.93 schwarze 397: See
398: .Sx ASCII Output
399: for font style specification and available command-line arguments.
1.95 kristaps 400: .Ss Man Output
401: Translate input format into
402: .Xr man 7
403: output format.
1.102 schwarze 404: This is useful for distributing manual sources to legacy systems
1.96 kristaps 405: lacking
1.95 kristaps 406: .Xr mdoc 7
407: formatters.
408: .Pp
409: If
410: .Xr mdoc 7
411: is passed as input, it is translated into
1.97 schwarze 412: .Xr man 7 .
413: If the input format is
1.95 kristaps 414: .Xr man 7 ,
1.97 schwarze 415: the input is copied to the output, expanding any
1.95 kristaps 416: .Xr roff 7
1.180 schwarze 417: .Ic so
1.97 schwarze 418: requests.
419: The parser is also run, and as usual, the
420: .Fl W
421: level controls which
422: .Sx DIAGNOSTICS
423: are displayed before copying the input to the output.
1.175 schwarze 424: .Ss Markdown Output
425: Translate
426: .Xr mdoc 7
427: input to the
428: .Sy markdown
429: format conforming to
430: .Lk http://daringfireball.net/projects/markdown/syntax.text\
431: "John Gruber's 2004 specification" .
1.178 schwarze 432: The output also almost conforms to the
433: .Lk http://commonmark.org/ CommonMark
434: specification.
435: .Pp
436: The character set used for the markdown output is ASCII.
437: Non-ASCII characters are encoded as HTML entities.
438: Since that is not possible in literal font contexts, because these
439: are rendered as code spans and code blocks in the markdown output,
440: non-ASCII characters are transliterated to ASCII approximations in
441: these contexts.
1.175 schwarze 442: .Pp
443: Markdown is a very weak markup language, so all semantic markup is
444: lost, and even part of the presentational markup may be lost.
445: Do not use this as an intermediate step in converting to HTML;
446: instead, use
447: .Fl T Cm html
448: directly.
449: .Pp
450: The
451: .Xr man 7 ,
452: .Xr tbl 7 ,
453: and
454: .Xr eqn 7
455: input languages are not supported by
456: .Fl T Cm markdown
457: output mode.
1.93 schwarze 458: .Ss PDF Output
459: PDF-1.1 output may be generated by
1.156 schwarze 460: .Fl T Cm pdf .
1.93 schwarze 461: See
462: .Sx PostScript Output
463: for
464: .Fl O
465: arguments and defaults.
1.62 kristaps 466: .Ss PostScript Output
1.65 kristaps 467: PostScript
468: .Qq Adobe-3.0
469: Level-2 pages may be generated by
1.156 schwarze 470: .Fl T Cm ps .
1.67 kristaps 471: Output pages default to letter sized and are rendered in the Times font
1.70 kristaps 472: family, 11-point.
473: Margins are calculated as 1/9 the page length and width.
1.71 kristaps 474: Line-height is 1.4m.
1.66 kristaps 475: .Pp
476: Special characters are rendered as in
477: .Sx ASCII Output .
478: .Pp
479: The following
480: .Fl O
481: arguments are accepted:
482: .Bl -tag -width Ds
483: .It Cm paper Ns = Ns Ar name
484: The paper size
485: .Ar name
486: may be one of
1.68 kristaps 487: .Ar a3 ,
488: .Ar a4 ,
489: .Ar a5 ,
490: .Ar legal ,
1.66 kristaps 491: or
492: .Ar letter .
1.68 kristaps 493: You may also manually specify dimensions as
494: .Ar NNxNN ,
495: width by height in millimetres.
496: If an unknown value is encountered,
497: .Ar letter
498: is used.
1.66 kristaps 499: .El
1.93 schwarze 500: .Ss UTF\-8 Output
501: Use
1.156 schwarze 502: .Fl T Cm utf8
1.93 schwarze 503: to force a UTF\-8 locale.
1.73 kristaps 504: See
1.93 schwarze 505: .Sx Locale Output
506: for details and options.
1.161 schwarze 507: .Ss Syntax tree output
508: Use
509: .Fl T Cm tree
510: to show a human readable representation of the syntax tree.
511: It is useful for debugging the source code of manual pages.
1.162 schwarze 512: The exact format is subject to change, so don't write parsers for it.
1.170 schwarze 513: .Pp
514: The first paragraph shows meta data found in the
515: .Xr mdoc 7
516: prologue, on the
517: .Xr man 7
518: .Ic \&TH
519: line, or the fallbacks used.
520: .Pp
521: In the tree dump, each output line shows one syntax tree node.
1.161 schwarze 522: Child nodes are indented with respect to their parent node.
523: The columns are:
524: .Pp
525: .Bl -enum -compact
526: .It
527: For macro nodes, the macro name; for text and
528: .Xr tbl 7
1.162 schwarze 529: nodes, the content.
530: There is a special format for
1.161 schwarze 531: .Xr eqn 7
532: nodes.
533: .It
534: Node type (text, elem, block, head, body, body-end, tail, tbl, eqn).
535: .It
536: Flags:
537: .Bl -dash -compact
538: .It
539: An opening parenthesis if the node is an opening delimiter.
540: .It
541: An asterisk if the node starts a new input line.
542: .It
543: The input line number (starting at one).
544: .It
545: A colon.
546: .It
547: The input column number (starting at one).
548: .It
549: A closing parenthesis if the node is a closing delimiter.
550: .It
551: A full stop if the node ends a sentence.
1.169 schwarze 552: .It
1.174 schwarze 553: BROKEN if the node is a block broken by another block.
554: .It
1.169 schwarze 555: NOSRC if the node is not in the input file,
556: but automatically generated from macros.
557: .It
558: NOPRT if the node is not supposed to generate output
559: for any output format.
1.161 schwarze 560: .El
1.174 schwarze 561: .El
562: .Pp
563: The following
564: .Fl O
565: argument is accepted:
566: .Bl -tag -width Ds
567: .It Cm noval
568: Skip validation and show the unvalidated syntax tree.
569: This can help to find out whether a given behaviour is caused by
570: the parser or by the validator.
571: Meta data is not available in this case.
1.161 schwarze 572: .El
1.108 schwarze 573: .Sh ENVIRONMENT
574: .Bl -tag -width MANPAGER
575: .It Ev MANPAGER
576: Any non-empty value of the environment variable
577: .Ev MANPAGER
1.179 schwarze 578: is used instead of the standard pagination program,
579: .Xr more 1 ;
580: see
581: .Xr man 1
582: for details.
583: Only used if
584: .Fl a
585: or
586: .Fl l
587: is specified.
1.108 schwarze 588: .It Ev PAGER
589: Specifies the pagination program to use when
590: .Ev MANPAGER
591: is not defined.
592: If neither PAGER nor MANPAGER is defined,
1.159 schwarze 593: .Xr more 1
594: .Fl s
1.179 schwarze 595: is used.
596: Only used if
597: .Fl a
598: or
599: .Fl l
600: is specified.
1.108 schwarze 601: .El
1.77 schwarze 602: .Sh EXIT STATUS
603: The
604: .Nm
605: utility exits with one of the following values, controlled by the message
606: .Ar level
607: associated with the
608: .Fl W
609: option:
610: .Pp
611: .Bl -tag -width Ds -compact
612: .It 0
1.202 ! schwarze 613: No base system convention violations, style suggestions, warnings,
! 614: or errors occurred, or those that did were ignored because they
! 615: were lower than the requested
1.77 schwarze 616: .Ar level .
1.185 schwarze 617: .It 1
1.202 ! schwarze 618: At least one base system convention violation or style suggestion
! 619: occurred, but no warning or error, and
! 620: .Fl W Cm base
! 621: or
1.185 schwarze 622: .Fl W Cm style
623: was specified.
1.77 schwarze 624: .It 2
625: At least one warning occurred, but no error, and
1.156 schwarze 626: .Fl W Cm warning
1.202 ! schwarze 627: or a lower
! 628: .Ar level
! 629: was requested.
1.77 schwarze 630: .It 3
1.133 schwarze 631: At least one parsing error occurred,
632: but no unsupported feature was encountered, and
1.156 schwarze 633: .Fl W Cm error
1.185 schwarze 634: or a lower
635: .Ar level
636: was requested.
1.133 schwarze 637: .It 4
1.134 schwarze 638: At least one unsupported feature was encountered, and
1.185 schwarze 639: .Fl W Cm unsupp
640: or a lower
641: .Ar level
642: was requested.
1.77 schwarze 643: .It 5
644: Invalid command line arguments were specified.
645: No input files have been read.
646: .It 6
1.131 schwarze 647: An operating system error occurred, for example exhaustion
648: of memory, file descriptors, or process table entries.
1.77 schwarze 649: Such errors cause
650: .Nm
651: to exit at once, possibly in the middle of parsing or formatting a file.
652: .El
653: .Pp
654: Note that selecting
1.156 schwarze 655: .Fl T Cm lint
1.77 schwarze 656: output mode implies
1.202 ! schwarze 657: .Fl W Cm all .
1.1 kristaps 658: .Sh EXAMPLES
1.13 kristaps 659: To page manuals to the terminal:
1.1 kristaps 660: .Pp
1.187 schwarze 661: .Dl $ mandoc -l mandoc.1 man.1 apropos.1 makewhatis.8
1.28 kristaps 662: .Pp
1.41 kristaps 663: To produce HTML manuals with
1.164 schwarze 664: .Pa mandoc.css
1.41 kristaps 665: as the style-sheet:
1.38 kristaps 666: .Pp
1.164 schwarze 667: .Dl $ mandoc \-T html -O style=mandoc.css mdoc.7 \*(Gt mdoc.7.html
1.38 kristaps 668: .Pp
1.28 kristaps 669: To check over a large set of manuals:
670: .Pp
1.158 schwarze 671: .Dl $ mandoc \-T lint \(gafind /usr/src -name \e*\e.[1-9]\(ga
1.66 kristaps 672: .Pp
673: To produce a series of PostScript manuals for A4 paper:
674: .Pp
1.156 schwarze 675: .Dl $ mandoc \-T ps \-O paper=a4 mdoc.7 man.7 \*(Gt manuals.ps
1.91 schwarze 676: .Pp
677: Convert a modern
678: .Xr mdoc 7
679: manual to the older
680: .Xr man 7
681: format, for use on systems lacking an
682: .Xr mdoc 7
683: parser:
684: .Pp
1.156 schwarze 685: .Dl $ mandoc \-T man foo.mdoc \*(Gt foo.man
1.77 schwarze 686: .Sh DIAGNOSTICS
1.106 schwarze 687: Messages displayed by
688: .Nm
689: follow this format:
1.202 ! schwarze 690: .Bd -ragged -offset indent
! 691: .Nm Ns :
! 692: .Ar file : Ns Ar line : Ns Ar column : level : message : macro args
! 693: .Pq Ar os
! 694: .Ed
1.77 schwarze 695: .Pp
1.106 schwarze 696: Line and column numbers start at 1.
697: Both are omitted for messages referring to an input file as a whole.
698: Macro names and arguments are omitted where meaningless.
1.202 ! schwarze 699: The
! 700: .Ar os
! 701: operating system specifier is omitted for messages that are relevant
! 702: for all operating systems.
1.106 schwarze 703: Fatal messages about invalid command line arguments
704: or operating system errors, for example when memory is exhausted,
705: may also omit the
706: .Ar file
1.104 schwarze 707: and
1.106 schwarze 708: .Ar level
709: fields.
1.104 schwarze 710: .Pp
1.77 schwarze 711: Message levels have the following meanings:
712: .Bl -tag -width "warning"
1.133 schwarze 713: .It Cm unsupp
714: An input file uses unsupported low-level
715: .Xr roff 7
716: features.
717: The output may be incomplete and/or misformatted,
718: so using GNU troff instead of
719: .Nm
720: to process the file may be preferable.
1.77 schwarze 721: .It Cm error
1.133 schwarze 722: An input file contains invalid syntax that cannot be safely interpreted.
1.77 schwarze 723: By discarding part of the input or inserting missing tokens,
724: the parser is able to continue, and the error does not prevent
725: generation of formatted output, but typically, preparing that
726: output involves information loss, broken document structure
1.133 schwarze 727: or unintended formatting, no matter whether
728: .Nm
729: or GNU troff is used.
730: In many cases, the output of
731: .Nm
732: and GNU troff is identical, but in some,
733: .Nm
734: is more resilient than GNU troff with respect to malformed input.
1.131 schwarze 735: .Pp
736: Non-existent or unreadable input files are also reported on the
737: .Cm error
738: level.
739: In that case, the parser cannot even be started and no output
740: is produced from those input files.
1.77 schwarze 741: .It Cm warning
742: An input file uses obsolete, discouraged or non-portable syntax.
743: All the same, the meaning of the input is unambiguous and a correct
744: rendering can be produced.
745: Documents causing warnings may render poorly when using other
746: formatting tools instead of
747: .Nm .
1.185 schwarze 748: .It Cm style
749: An input file uses dubious or discouraged style.
750: This is not a complaint about the syntax, and probably neither
751: formatting nor portability are in danger.
752: While great care is taken to avoid false positives on the higher
753: message levels, the
754: .Cm style
755: level tries to reduce the probability that issues go unnoticed,
756: so it may occasionally issue bogus suggestions.
757: Please use your good judgement to decide whether any particular
758: .Cm style
759: suggestion really justifies a change to the input file.
1.202 ! schwarze 760: .It Cm base
! 761: A convertion used in the base system of a specific operating system
! 762: is not adhered to.
! 763: These are not markup mistakes, and neither the quality of formatting
! 764: nor portability are in danger.
1.77 schwarze 765: .El
766: .Pp
767: Messages of the
1.202 ! schwarze 768: .Cm base ,
1.185 schwarze 769: .Cm style ,
1.133 schwarze 770: .Cm warning ,
771: .Cm error ,
1.77 schwarze 772: and
1.133 schwarze 773: .Cm unsupp
1.131 schwarze 774: levels except those about non-existent or unreadable input files
775: are hidden unless their level, or a lower level, is requested using a
1.77 schwarze 776: .Fl W
777: option or
1.156 schwarze 778: .Fl T Cm lint
1.77 schwarze 779: output mode.
1.202 ! schwarze 780: .Pp
! 781: As indicated below, all
! 782: .Cm base
! 783: and some
! 784: .Cm style
! 785: checks are only performed if a specific operating system name occurs
! 786: in the arguments of the
! 787: .Fl W
! 788: command line option, of the
1.195 schwarze 789: .Ic \&Os
790: macro, of the
791: .Fl Ios
792: command line option, or, if neither are present, in the return value
793: of the
794: .Xr uname 3
795: function.
1.202 ! schwarze 796: .Ss Conventions for base system manuals
1.189 schwarze 797: .Bl -ohang
1.200 schwarze 798: .It Sy "Mdocdate found"
799: .Pq mdoc , Nx
800: The
801: .Ic \&Dd
802: macro uses CVS
803: .Ic Mdocdate
804: keyword substitution, which is not supported by the
805: .Nx
806: base system.
807: Consider using the conventional
808: .Dq "Month dd, yyyy"
809: format instead.
810: .It Sy "Mdocdate missing"
811: .Pq mdoc , Ox
812: The
813: .Ic \&Dd
814: macro does not use CVS
815: .Ic Mdocdate
816: keyword substitution, but using it is conventionally expected in the
817: .Ox
818: base system.
1.202 ! schwarze 819: .It Sy "RCS id missing"
! 820: .Pq Ox , Nx
! 821: The manual page lacks the comment line with the RCS identifier
! 822: generated by CVS
! 823: .Ic OpenBSD
! 824: or
! 825: .Ic NetBSD
! 826: keyword substitution as conventionally used in these operating systems.
! 827: .El
! 828: .Ss Style suggestions
! 829: .Bl -ohang
1.200 schwarze 830: .It Sy "legacy man(7) date format"
831: .Pq mdoc
832: The
833: .Ic \&Dd
834: macro uses the legacy
835: .Xr man 7
836: date format
837: .Dq yyyy-dd-mm .
838: Consider using the conventional
839: .Xr mdoc 7
840: date format
841: .Dq "Month dd, yyyy"
842: instead.
1.201 schwarze 843: .It Sy "duplicate RCS id"
844: A single manual page contains two copies of the RCS identifier for
845: the same operating system.
846: Consider deleting the later instance and moving the first one up
847: to the top of the page.
1.189 schwarze 848: .It Sy "useless macro"
849: .Pq mdoc
850: A
851: .Ic \&Bt ,
852: .Ic \&Tn ,
853: or
1.190 schwarze 854: .Ic \&Ud
1.189 schwarze 855: macro was found.
1.190 schwarze 856: Simply delete it: it serves no useful purpose.
1.191 schwarze 857: .It Sy "consider using OS macro"
858: .Pq mdoc
859: A string was found in plain text or in a
860: .Ic \&Bx
861: macro that could be represented using
862: .Ic \&Ox ,
863: .Ic \&Nx ,
864: .Ic \&Fx ,
865: or
866: .Ic \&Dx .
1.195 schwarze 867: .It Sy "errnos out of order"
868: .Pq mdoc, Nx
869: The
870: .Ic \&Er
871: items in a
872: .Ic \&Bl
873: list are not in alphabetical order.
874: .It Sy "duplicate errno"
875: .Pq mdoc, Nx
876: A
877: .Ic \&Bl
878: list contains two consecutive
879: .Ic \&It
880: entries describing the same
881: .Ic \&Er
882: number.
1.192 schwarze 883: .It Sy "description line ends with a full stop"
884: .Pq mdoc
885: Do not use punctuation at the end of an
886: .Ic \&Nd
887: block.
1.197 schwarze 888: .It Sy "no blank before trailing delimiter"
1.198 schwarze 889: .Pq mdoc
1.197 schwarze 890: The last argument of a macro that supports trailing delimiter
891: arguments is longer than one byte and ends with a trailing delimiter.
892: Consider inserting a blank such that the delimiter becomes a separate
893: argument, thus moving it out of the scope of the macro.
1.198 schwarze 894: .It Sy "function name without markup"
895: .Pq mdoc
896: A word followed by an empty pair of parentheses occurs on a text line.
897: Consider using an
898: .Ic \&Fn
899: or
900: .Ic \&Xr
901: macro.
1.189 schwarze 902: .El
1.106 schwarze 903: .Ss Warnings related to the document prologue
904: .Bl -ohang
905: .It Sy "missing manual title, using UNTITLED"
906: .Pq mdoc
907: A
908: .Ic \&Dt
909: macro has no arguments, or there is no
910: .Ic \&Dt
911: macro before the first non-prologue macro.
912: .It Sy "missing manual title, using \(dq\(dq"
913: .Pq man
914: There is no
915: .Ic \&TH
916: macro, or it has no arguments.
917: .It Sy "lower case character in document title"
918: .Pq mdoc , man
919: The title is still used as given in the
920: .Ic \&Dt
921: or
922: .Ic \&TH
923: macro.
924: .It Sy "missing manual section, using \(dq\(dq"
925: .Pq mdoc , man
926: A
927: .Ic \&Dt
928: or
929: .Ic \&TH
930: macro lacks the mandatory section argument.
931: .It Sy "unknown manual section"
932: .Pq mdoc
933: The section number in a
934: .Ic \&Dt
935: line is invalid, but still used.
936: .It Sy "missing date, using today's date"
937: .Pq mdoc, man
938: The document was parsed as
939: .Xr mdoc 7
940: and it has no
941: .Ic \&Dd
942: macro, or the
943: .Ic \&Dd
944: macro has no arguments or only empty arguments;
945: or the document was parsed as
946: .Xr man 7
947: and it has no
948: .Ic \&TH
949: macro, or the
950: .Ic \&TH
951: macro has less than three arguments or its third argument is empty.
952: .It Sy "cannot parse date, using it verbatim"
953: .Pq mdoc , man
954: The date given in a
955: .Ic \&Dd
956: or
957: .Ic \&TH
958: macro does not follow the conventional format.
959: .It Sy "missing Os macro, using \(dq\(dq"
960: .Pq mdoc
961: The default or current system is not shown in this case.
962: .It Sy "duplicate prologue macro"
963: .Pq mdoc
964: One of the prologue macros occurs more than once.
965: The last instance overrides all previous ones.
966: .It Sy "late prologue macro"
967: .Pq mdoc
968: A
969: .Ic \&Dd
970: or
971: .Ic \&Os
972: macro occurs after some non-prologue macro, but still takes effect.
973: .It Sy "skipping late title macro"
974: .Pq mdoc
975: The
976: .Ic \&Dt
1.152 schwarze 977: macro appears after the first non-prologue macro.
978: Traditional formatters cannot handle this because
979: they write the page header before parsing the document body.
1.106 schwarze 980: Even though this technical restriction does not apply to
981: .Nm ,
982: traditional semantics is preserved.
983: The late macro is discarded including its arguments.
984: .It Sy "prologue macros out of order"
985: .Pq mdoc
986: The prologue macros are not given in the conventional order
987: .Ic \&Dd ,
988: .Ic \&Dt ,
989: .Ic \&Os .
990: All three macros are used even when given in another order.
991: .El
992: .Ss Warnings regarding document structure
993: .Bl -ohang
994: .It Sy ".so is fragile, better use ln(1)"
995: .Pq roff
996: Including files only works when the parser program runs with the correct
997: current working directory.
998: .It Sy "no document body"
999: .Pq mdoc , man
1000: The document body contains neither text nor macros.
1001: An empty document is shown, consisting only of a header and a footer line.
1002: .It Sy "content before first section header"
1003: .Pq mdoc , man
1004: Some macros or text precede the first
1005: .Ic \&Sh
1006: or
1007: .Ic \&SH
1008: section header.
1009: The offending macros and text are parsed and added to the top level
1010: of the syntax tree, outside any section block.
1011: .It Sy "first section is not NAME"
1012: .Pq mdoc
1013: The argument of the first
1014: .Ic \&Sh
1015: macro is not
1016: .Sq NAME .
1017: This may confuse
1018: .Xr makewhatis 8
1019: and
1020: .Xr apropos 1 .
1.168 schwarze 1021: .It Sy "NAME section without Nm before Nd"
1.106 schwarze 1022: .Pq mdoc
1.155 schwarze 1023: The NAME section does not contain any
1024: .Ic \&Nm
1.168 schwarze 1025: child macro before the first
1026: .Ic \&Nd
1027: macro.
1.155 schwarze 1028: .It Sy "NAME section without description"
1029: .Pq mdoc
1030: The NAME section lacks the mandatory
1031: .Ic \&Nd
1032: child macro.
1033: .It Sy "description not at the end of NAME"
1034: .Pq mdoc
1035: The NAME section does contain an
1.106 schwarze 1036: .Ic \&Nd
1.155 schwarze 1037: child macro, but other content follows it.
1038: .It Sy "bad NAME section content"
1039: .Pq mdoc
1040: The NAME section contains plain text or macros other than
1041: .Ic \&Nm
1.106 schwarze 1042: and
1.155 schwarze 1043: .Ic \&Nd .
1.168 schwarze 1044: .It Sy "missing comma before name"
1045: .Pq mdoc
1046: The NAME section contains an
1047: .Ic \&Nm
1048: macro that is neither the first one nor preceded by a comma.
1.142 schwarze 1049: .It Sy "missing description line, using \(dq\(dq"
1050: .Pq mdoc
1051: The
1052: .Ic \&Nd
1053: macro lacks the required argument.
1054: The title line of the manual will end after the dash.
1.177 schwarze 1055: .It Sy "description line outside NAME section"
1056: .Pq mdoc
1057: An
1058: .Ic \&Nd
1059: macro appears outside the NAME section.
1060: The arguments are printed anyway and the following text is used for
1061: .Xr apropos 1 ,
1062: but none of that behaviour is portable.
1.106 schwarze 1063: .It Sy "sections out of conventional order"
1064: .Pq mdoc
1065: A standard section occurs after another section it usually precedes.
1066: All section titles are used as given,
1067: and the order of sections is not changed.
1068: .It Sy "duplicate section title"
1069: .Pq mdoc
1070: The same standard section title occurs more than once.
1071: .It Sy "unexpected section"
1072: .Pq mdoc
1073: A standard section header occurs in a section of the manual
1074: where it normally isn't useful.
1.112 schwarze 1075: .It Sy "unusual Xr order"
1076: .Pq mdoc
1077: In the SEE ALSO section, an
1078: .Ic \&Xr
1079: macro with a lower section number follows one with a higher number,
1080: or two
1081: .Ic \&Xr
1.157 schwarze 1082: macros referring to the same section are out of alphabetical order.
1.112 schwarze 1083: .It Sy "unusual Xr punctuation"
1084: .Pq mdoc
1085: In the SEE ALSO section, punctuation between two
1086: .Ic \&Xr
1087: macros differs from a single comma, or there is trailing punctuation
1088: after the last
1089: .Ic \&Xr
1090: macro.
1.111 schwarze 1091: .It Sy "AUTHORS section without An macro"
1092: .Pq mdoc
1093: An AUTHORS sections contains no
1094: .Ic \&An
1095: macros, or only empty ones.
1096: Probably, there are author names lacking markup.
1.106 schwarze 1097: .El
1098: .Ss "Warnings related to macros and nesting"
1099: .Bl -ohang
1100: .It Sy "obsolete macro"
1101: .Pq mdoc
1102: See the
1103: .Xr mdoc 7
1104: manual for replacements.
1.126 schwarze 1105: .It Sy "macro neither callable nor escaped"
1106: .Pq mdoc
1107: The name of a macro that is not callable appears on a macro line.
1108: It is printed verbatim.
1.152 schwarze 1109: If the intention is to call it, move it to its own input line;
1.126 schwarze 1110: otherwise, escape it by prepending
1111: .Sq \e& .
1.106 schwarze 1112: .It Sy "skipping paragraph macro"
1113: In
1114: .Xr mdoc 7
1115: documents, this happens
1116: .Bl -dash -compact
1117: .It
1118: at the beginning and end of sections and subsections
1119: .It
1120: right before non-compact lists and displays
1121: .It
1122: at the end of items in non-column, non-compact lists
1123: .It
1124: and for multiple consecutive paragraph macros.
1125: .El
1126: In
1127: .Xr man 7
1128: documents, it happens
1129: .Bl -dash -compact
1130: .It
1131: for empty
1132: .Ic \&P ,
1133: .Ic \&PP ,
1134: and
1135: .Ic \&LP
1136: macros
1137: .It
1138: for
1139: .Ic \&IP
1140: macros having neither head nor body arguments
1141: .It
1142: for
1143: .Ic \&br
1144: or
1145: .Ic \&sp
1146: right after
1147: .Ic \&SH
1148: or
1149: .Ic \&SS
1150: .El
1151: .It Sy "moving paragraph macro out of list"
1152: .Pq mdoc
1153: A list item in a
1154: .Ic \&Bl
1155: list contains a trailing paragraph macro.
1156: The paragraph macro is moved after the end of the list.
1157: .It Sy "skipping no-space macro"
1158: .Pq mdoc
1159: An input line begins with an
1160: .Ic \&Ns
1161: macro.
1162: The macro is ignored.
1163: .It Sy "blocks badly nested"
1164: .Pq mdoc
1165: If two blocks intersect, one should completely contain the other.
1166: Otherwise, rendered output is likely to look strange in any output
1167: format, and rendering in SGML-based output formats is likely to be
1168: outright wrong because such languages do not support badly nested
1169: blocks at all.
1170: Typical examples of badly nested blocks are
1171: .Qq Ic \&Ao \&Bo \&Ac \&Bc
1172: and
1173: .Qq Ic \&Ao \&Bq \&Ac .
1174: In these examples,
1175: .Ic \&Ac
1176: breaks
1177: .Ic \&Bo
1178: and
1179: .Ic \&Bq ,
1180: respectively.
1181: .It Sy "nested displays are not portable"
1182: .Pq mdoc
1183: A
1184: .Ic \&Bd ,
1185: .Ic \&D1 ,
1186: or
1187: .Ic \&Dl
1188: display occurs nested inside another
1189: .Ic \&Bd
1190: display.
1191: This works with
1192: .Nm ,
1193: but fails with most other implementations.
1194: .It Sy "moving content out of list"
1195: .Pq mdoc
1196: A
1197: .Ic \&Bl
1198: list block contains text or macros before the first
1199: .Ic \&It
1200: macro.
1201: The offending children are moved before the beginning of the list.
1202: .It Sy "fill mode already enabled, skipping"
1203: .Pq man
1204: A
1205: .Ic \&fi
1206: request occurs even though the document is still in fill mode,
1207: or already switched back to fill mode.
1208: It has no effect.
1209: .It Sy "fill mode already disabled, skipping"
1210: .Pq man
1211: An
1212: .Ic \&nf
1213: request occurs even though the document already switched to no-fill mode
1214: and did not switch back to fill mode yet.
1215: It has no effect.
1216: .It Sy "line scope broken"
1217: .Pq man
1218: While parsing the next-line scope of the previous macro,
1219: another macro is found that prematurely terminates the previous one.
1220: The previous, interrupted macro is deleted from the parse tree.
1221: .El
1222: .Ss "Warnings related to missing arguments"
1223: .Bl -ohang
1224: .It Sy "skipping empty request"
1.118 schwarze 1225: .Pq roff , eqn
1226: The macro name is missing from a macro definition request,
1227: or an
1228: .Xr eqn 7
1229: control statement or operation keyword lacks its required argument.
1.106 schwarze 1230: .It Sy "conditional request controls empty scope"
1231: .Pq roff
1232: A conditional request is only useful if any of the following
1233: follows it on the same logical input line:
1234: .Bl -dash -compact
1235: .It
1236: The
1237: .Sq \e{
1238: keyword to open a multi-line scope.
1239: .It
1240: A request or macro or some text, resulting in a single-line scope.
1241: .It
1242: The immediate end of the logical line without any intervening whitespace,
1243: resulting in next-line scope.
1244: .El
1245: Here, a conditional request is followed by trailing whitespace only,
1246: and there is no other content on its logical input line.
1247: Note that it doesn't matter whether the logical input line is split
1248: across multiple physical input lines using
1249: .Sq \e
1250: line continuation characters.
1251: This is one of the rare cases
1252: where trailing whitespace is syntactically significant.
1253: The conditional request controls a scope containing whitespace only,
1254: so it is unlikely to have a significant effect,
1255: except that it may control a following
1256: .Ic \&el
1257: clause.
1258: .It Sy "skipping empty macro"
1259: .Pq mdoc
1.147 schwarze 1260: The indicated macro has no arguments and hence no effect.
1261: .It Sy "empty block"
1262: .Pq mdoc , man
1263: A
1264: .Ic \&Bd ,
1265: .Ic \&Bk ,
1266: .Ic \&Bl ,
1267: .Ic \&D1 ,
1268: .Ic \&Dl ,
1269: .Ic \&RS ,
1270: or
1271: .Ic \&UR
1272: block contains nothing in its body and will produce no output.
1.106 schwarze 1273: .It Sy "empty argument, using 0n"
1274: .Pq mdoc
1275: The required width is missing after
1276: .Ic \&Bd
1277: or
1278: .Ic \&Bl
1279: .Fl offset
1280: or
1.186 schwarze 1281: .Fl width .
1.106 schwarze 1282: .It Sy "missing display type, using -ragged"
1283: .Pq mdoc
1284: The
1285: .Ic \&Bd
1286: macro is invoked without the required display type.
1287: .It Sy "list type is not the first argument"
1288: .Pq mdoc
1289: In a
1290: .Ic \&Bl
1291: macro, at least one other argument precedes the type argument.
1292: The
1293: .Nm
1294: utility copes with any argument order, but some other
1295: .Xr mdoc 7
1296: implementations do not.
1297: .It Sy "missing -width in -tag list, using 8n"
1298: .Pq mdoc
1299: Every
1300: .Ic \&Bl
1301: macro having the
1302: .Fl tag
1303: argument requires
1304: .Fl width ,
1305: too.
1306: .It Sy "missing utility name, using \(dq\(dq"
1307: .Pq mdoc
1308: The
1309: .Ic \&Ex Fl std
1310: macro is called without an argument before
1311: .Ic \&Nm
1312: has first been called with an argument.
1.146 schwarze 1313: .It Sy "missing function name, using \(dq\(dq"
1314: .Pq mdoc
1315: The
1316: .Ic \&Fo
1317: macro is called without an argument.
1318: No function name is printed.
1.106 schwarze 1319: .It Sy "empty head in list item"
1320: .Pq mdoc
1321: In a
1322: .Ic \&Bl
1323: .Fl diag ,
1324: .Fl hang ,
1325: .Fl inset ,
1326: .Fl ohang ,
1327: or
1328: .Fl tag
1329: list, an
1330: .Ic \&It
1331: macro lacks the required argument.
1332: The item head is left empty.
1333: .It Sy "empty list item"
1334: .Pq mdoc
1335: In a
1336: .Ic \&Bl
1337: .Fl bullet ,
1338: .Fl dash ,
1339: .Fl enum ,
1340: or
1341: .Fl hyphen
1342: list, an
1343: .Ic \&It
1344: block is empty.
1345: An empty list item is shown.
1.152 schwarze 1346: .It Sy "missing font type, using \efR"
1.106 schwarze 1347: .Pq mdoc
1348: A
1349: .Ic \&Bf
1350: macro has no argument.
1.152 schwarze 1351: It switches to the default font.
1352: .It Sy "unknown font type, using \efR"
1.106 schwarze 1353: .Pq mdoc
1354: The
1355: .Ic \&Bf
1356: argument is invalid.
1.152 schwarze 1357: The default font is used instead.
1.127 schwarze 1358: .It Sy "nothing follows prefix"
1359: .Pq mdoc
1360: A
1361: .Ic \&Pf
1362: macro has no argument, or only one argument and no macro follows
1363: on the same input line.
1364: This defeats its purpose; in particular, spacing is not suppressed
1365: before the text or macros following on the next input line.
1.143 schwarze 1366: .It Sy "empty reference block"
1367: .Pq mdoc
1368: An
1369: .Ic \&Rs
1370: macro is immediately followed by an
1371: .Ic \&Re
1372: macro on the next input line.
1373: Such an empty block does not produce any output.
1.165 schwarze 1374: .It Sy "missing section argument"
1375: .Pq mdoc
1376: An
1377: .Ic \&Xr
1378: macro lacks its second, section number argument.
1379: The first argument, i.e. the name, is printed, but without subsequent
1.166 schwarze 1380: parentheses.
1.106 schwarze 1381: .It Sy "missing -std argument, adding it"
1382: .Pq mdoc
1383: An
1384: .Ic \&Ex
1385: or
1386: .Ic \&Rv
1387: macro lacks the required
1388: .Fl std
1389: argument.
1390: The
1391: .Nm
1392: utility assumes
1393: .Fl std
1394: even when it is not specified, but other implementations may not.
1.150 schwarze 1395: .It Sy "missing option string, using \(dq\(dq"
1396: .Pq man
1397: The
1398: .Ic \&OP
1399: macro is invoked without any argument.
1400: An empty pair of square brackets is shown.
1401: .It Sy "missing resource identifier, using \(dq\(dq"
1402: .Pq man
1403: The
1404: .Ic \&UR
1405: macro is invoked without any argument.
1406: An empty pair of angle brackets is shown.
1.118 schwarze 1407: .It Sy "missing eqn box, using \(dq\(dq"
1408: .Pq eqn
1409: A diacritic mark or a binary operator is found,
1410: but there is nothing to the left of it.
1411: An empty box is inserted.
1.106 schwarze 1412: .El
1413: .Ss "Warnings related to bad macro arguments"
1414: .Bl -ohang
1415: .It Sy "unterminated quoted argument"
1416: .Pq roff
1417: Macro arguments can be enclosed in double quote characters
1418: such that space characters and macro names contained in the quoted
1419: argument need not be escaped.
1420: The closing quote of the last argument of a macro can be omitted.
1421: However, omitting it is not recommended because it makes the code
1422: harder to read.
1423: .It Sy "duplicate argument"
1424: .Pq mdoc
1425: A
1426: .Ic \&Bd
1427: or
1428: .Ic \&Bl
1429: macro has more than one
1430: .Fl compact ,
1431: more than one
1432: .Fl offset ,
1433: or more than one
1434: .Fl width
1435: argument.
1436: All but the last instances of these arguments are ignored.
1437: .It Sy "skipping duplicate argument"
1438: .Pq mdoc
1439: An
1440: .Ic \&An
1441: macro has more than one
1442: .Fl split
1443: or
1444: .Fl nosplit
1445: argument.
1446: All but the first of these arguments are ignored.
1447: .It Sy "skipping duplicate display type"
1448: .Pq mdoc
1449: A
1450: .Ic \&Bd
1451: macro has more than one type argument; the first one is used.
1452: .It Sy "skipping duplicate list type"
1453: .Pq mdoc
1454: A
1455: .Ic \&Bl
1456: macro has more than one type argument; the first one is used.
1457: .It Sy "skipping -width argument"
1458: .Pq mdoc
1459: A
1460: .Ic \&Bl
1461: .Fl column ,
1462: .Fl diag ,
1463: .Fl ohang ,
1464: .Fl inset ,
1465: or
1466: .Fl item
1467: list has a
1468: .Fl width
1469: argument.
1470: That has no effect.
1.151 schwarze 1471: .It Sy "wrong number of cells"
1472: In a line of a
1473: .Ic \&Bl Fl column
1474: list, the number of tabs or
1475: .Ic \&Ta
1476: macros is less than the number expected from the list header line
1477: or exceeds the expected number by more than one.
1478: Missing cells remain empty, and all cells exceeding the number of
1479: columns are joined into one single cell.
1.106 schwarze 1480: .It Sy "unknown AT&T UNIX version"
1481: .Pq mdoc
1482: An
1483: .Ic \&At
1484: macro has an invalid argument.
1485: It is used verbatim, with
1486: .Qq "AT&T UNIX "
1487: prefixed to it.
1.113 schwarze 1488: .It Sy "comma in function argument"
1489: .Pq mdoc
1490: An argument of an
1491: .Ic \&Fa
1492: or
1493: .Ic \&Fn
1494: macro contains a comma; it should probably be split into two arguments.
1.117 schwarze 1495: .It Sy "parenthesis in function name"
1496: .Pq mdoc
1497: The first argument of an
1498: .Ic \&Fc
1499: or
1500: .Ic \&Fn
1501: macro contains an opening or closing parenthesis; that's probably wrong,
1502: parentheses are added automatically.
1.196 schwarze 1503: .It Sy "unknown library name"
1504: .Pq mdoc, not on Ox
1505: An
1506: .Ic \&Lb
1507: macro has an unknown name argument and will be rendered as
1508: .Qq library Dq Ar name .
1.106 schwarze 1509: .It Sy "invalid content in Rs block"
1510: .Pq mdoc
1511: An
1512: .Ic \&Rs
1513: block contains plain text or non-% macros.
1514: The bogus content is left in the syntax tree.
1515: Formatting may be poor.
1516: .It Sy "invalid Boolean argument"
1517: .Pq mdoc
1518: An
1519: .Ic \&Sm
1520: macro has an argument other than
1521: .Cm on
1522: or
1523: .Cm off .
1524: The invalid argument is moved out of the macro, which leaves the macro
1525: empty, causing it to toggle the spacing mode.
1526: .It Sy "unknown font, skipping request"
1.115 schwarze 1527: .Pq man , tbl
1.106 schwarze 1528: A
1529: .Xr roff 7
1530: .Ic \&ft
1.115 schwarze 1531: request or a
1532: .Xr tbl 7
1533: .Ic \&f
1534: layout modifier has an unknown
1535: .Ar font
1536: argument.
1.151 schwarze 1537: .It Sy "odd number of characters in request"
1538: .Pq roff
1539: A
1540: .Ic \&tr
1541: request contains an odd number of characters.
1542: The last character is mapped to the blank character.
1.106 schwarze 1543: .El
1544: .Ss "Warnings related to plain text"
1545: .Bl -ohang
1546: .It Sy "blank line in fill mode, using .sp"
1547: .Pq mdoc
1548: The meaning of blank input lines is only well-defined in non-fill mode:
1549: In fill mode, line breaks of text input lines are not supposed to be
1550: significant.
1551: However, for compatibility with groff, blank lines in fill mode
1552: are replaced with
1553: .Ic \&sp
1554: requests.
1555: .It Sy "tab in filled text"
1556: .Pq mdoc , man
1557: The meaning of tab characters is only well-defined in non-fill mode:
1558: In fill mode, whitespace is not supposed to be significant
1559: on text input lines.
1560: As an implementation dependent choice, tab characters on text lines
1561: are passed through to the formatters in any case.
1562: Given that the text before the tab character will be filled,
1563: it is hard to predict which tab stop position the tab will advance to.
1564: .It Sy "whitespace at end of input line"
1565: .Pq mdoc , man , roff
1566: Whitespace at the end of input lines is almost never semantically
1567: significant \(em but in the odd case where it might be, it is
1568: extremely confusing when reviewing and maintaining documents.
1.172 schwarze 1569: .It Sy "new sentence, new line"
1570: .Pq mdoc
1571: A new sentence starts in the middle of a text line.
1572: Start it on a new input line to help formatters produce correct spacing.
1.106 schwarze 1573: .It Sy "bad comment style"
1574: .Pq roff
1575: Comment lines start with a dot, a backslash, and a double-quote character.
1576: The
1577: .Nm
1578: utility treats the line as a comment line even without the backslash,
1579: but leaving out the backslash might not be portable.
1580: .It Sy "invalid escape sequence"
1581: .Pq roff
1582: An escape sequence has an invalid opening argument delimiter, lacks the
1583: closing argument delimiter, or the argument has too few characters.
1584: If the argument is incomplete,
1585: .Ic \e*
1586: and
1587: .Ic \en
1588: expand to an empty string,
1589: .Ic \eB
1590: to the digit
1591: .Sq 0 ,
1592: and
1593: .Ic \ew
1594: to the length of the incomplete argument.
1595: All other invalid escape sequences are ignored.
1596: .It Sy "undefined string, using \(dq\(dq"
1597: .Pq roff
1598: If a string is used without being defined before,
1599: its value is implicitly set to the empty string.
1600: However, defining strings explicitly before use
1601: keeps the code more readable.
1602: .El
1.138 schwarze 1603: .Ss "Warnings related to tables"
1604: .Bl -ohang
1605: .It Sy "tbl line starts with span"
1606: .Pq tbl
1607: The first cell in a table layout line is a horizontal span
1608: .Pq Sq Cm s .
1609: Data provided for this cell is ignored, and nothing is printed in the cell.
1610: .It Sy "tbl column starts with span"
1611: .Pq tbl
1612: The first line of a table layout specification
1613: requests a vertical span
1614: .Pq Sq Cm ^ .
1615: Data provided for this cell is ignored, and nothing is printed in the cell.
1616: .It Sy "skipping vertical bar in tbl layout"
1617: .Pq tbl
1618: A table layout specification contains more than two consecutive vertical bars.
1619: A double bar is printed, all additional bars are discarded.
1.106 schwarze 1620: .El
1621: .Ss "Errors related to tables"
1.136 schwarze 1622: .Bl -ohang
1623: .It Sy "non-alphabetic character in tbl options"
1624: .Pq tbl
1625: The table options line contains a character other than a letter,
1626: blank, or comma where the beginning of an option name is expected.
1627: The character is ignored.
1628: .It Sy "skipping unknown tbl option"
1629: .Pq tbl
1630: The table options line contains a string of letters that does not
1631: match any known option name.
1632: The word is ignored.
1633: .It Sy "missing tbl option argument"
1634: .Pq tbl
1635: A table option that requires an argument is not followed by an
1636: opening parenthesis, or the opening parenthesis is immediately
1637: followed by a closing parenthesis.
1638: The option is ignored.
1639: .It Sy "wrong tbl option argument size"
1640: .Pq tbl
1641: A table option argument contains an invalid number of characters.
1642: Both the option and the argument are ignored.
1.138 schwarze 1643: .It Sy "empty tbl layout"
1644: .Pq tbl
1645: A table layout specification is completely empty,
1646: specifying zero lines and zero columns.
1647: As a fallback, a single left-justified column is used.
1648: .It Sy "invalid character in tbl layout"
1649: .Pq tbl
1650: A table layout specification contains a character that can neither
1651: be interpreted as a layout key character nor as a layout modifier,
1652: or a modifier precedes the first key.
1653: The invalid character is discarded.
1654: .It Sy "unmatched parenthesis in tbl layout"
1655: .Pq tbl
1656: A table layout specification contains an opening parenthesis,
1657: but no matching closing parenthesis.
1658: The rest of the input line, starting from the parenthesis, has no effect.
1.139 schwarze 1659: .It Sy "tbl without any data cells"
1660: .Pq tbl
1661: A table does not contain any data cells.
1662: It will probably produce no output.
1663: .It Sy "ignoring data in spanned tbl cell"
1664: .Pq tbl
1665: A table cell is marked as a horizontal span
1666: .Pq Sq Cm s
1667: or vertical span
1668: .Pq Sq Cm ^
1669: in the table layout, but it contains data.
1670: The data is ignored.
1671: .It Sy "ignoring extra tbl data cells"
1672: .Pq tbl
1673: A data line contains more cells than the corresponding layout line.
1674: The data in the extra cells is ignored.
1675: .It Sy "data block open at end of tbl"
1676: .Pq tbl
1677: A data block is opened with
1678: .Cm T{ ,
1679: but never closed with a matching
1680: .Cm T} .
1681: The remaining data lines of the table are all put into one cell,
1682: and any remaining cells stay empty.
1.106 schwarze 1683: .El
1684: .Ss "Errors related to roff, mdoc, and man code"
1685: .Bl -ohang
1686: .It Sy "input stack limit exceeded, infinite loop?"
1687: .Pq roff
1688: Explicit recursion limits are implemented for the following features,
1689: in order to prevent infinite loops:
1690: .Bl -dash -compact
1691: .It
1692: expansion of nested escape sequences
1693: including expansion of strings and number registers,
1694: .It
1695: expansion of nested user-defined macros,
1696: .It
1697: and
1698: .Ic \&so
1699: file inclusion.
1700: .El
1701: When a limit is hit, the output is incorrect, typically losing
1702: some content, but the parser can continue.
1703: .It Sy "skipping bad character"
1704: .Pq mdoc , man , roff
1705: The input file contains a byte that is not a printable
1706: .Xr ascii 7
1707: character.
1708: The message mentions the character number.
1709: The offending byte is replaced with a question mark
1710: .Pq Sq \&? .
1711: Consider editing the input file to replace the byte with an ASCII
1712: transliteration of the intended character.
1713: .It Sy "skipping unknown macro"
1714: .Pq mdoc , man , roff
1715: The first identifier on a request or macro line is neither recognized as a
1716: .Xr roff 7
1717: request, nor as a user-defined macro, nor, respectively, as an
1718: .Xr mdoc 7
1719: or
1720: .Xr man 7
1721: macro.
1722: It may be mistyped or unsupported.
1723: The request or macro is discarded including its arguments.
1.133 schwarze 1724: .It Sy "skipping insecure request"
1725: .Pq roff
1726: An input file attempted to run a shell command
1727: or to read or write an external file.
1728: Such attempts are denied for security reasons.
1.106 schwarze 1729: .It Sy "skipping item outside list"
1.118 schwarze 1730: .Pq mdoc , eqn
1.106 schwarze 1731: An
1732: .Ic \&It
1733: macro occurs outside any
1734: .Ic \&Bl
1.118 schwarze 1735: list, or an
1736: .Xr eqn 7
1737: .Ic above
1738: delimiter occurs outside any pile.
1.106 schwarze 1739: It is discarded including its arguments.
1740: .It Sy "skipping column outside column list"
1741: .Pq mdoc
1742: A
1743: .Ic \&Ta
1744: macro occurs outside any
1745: .Ic \&Bl Fl column
1746: block.
1747: It is discarded including its arguments.
1748: .It Sy "skipping end of block that is not open"
1749: .Pq mdoc , man , eqn , tbl , roff
1750: Various syntax elements can only be used to explicitly close blocks
1751: that have previously been opened.
1752: An
1753: .Xr mdoc 7
1754: block closing macro, a
1755: .Xr man 7
1756: .Ic \&RE
1757: or
1758: .Ic \&UE
1.118 schwarze 1759: macro, an
1760: .Xr eqn 7
1761: right delimiter or closing brace, or the end of an equation, table, or
1.106 schwarze 1762: .Xr roff 7
1763: conditional request is encountered but no matching block is open.
1764: The offending request or macro is discarded.
1.135 schwarze 1765: .It Sy "fewer RS blocks open, skipping"
1766: .Pq man
1767: The
1768: .Ic \&RE
1769: macro is invoked with an argument, but less than the specified number of
1770: .Ic \&RS
1771: blocks is open.
1772: The
1773: .Ic \&RE
1774: macro is discarded.
1.106 schwarze 1775: .It Sy "inserting missing end of block"
1776: .Pq mdoc , tbl
1777: Various
1778: .Xr mdoc 7
1779: macros as well as tables require explicit closing by dedicated macros.
1780: A block that doesn't support bad nesting
1781: ends before all of its children are properly closed.
1782: The open child nodes are closed implicitly.
1.152 schwarze 1783: .It Sy "appending missing end of block"
1.106 schwarze 1784: .Pq mdoc , man , eqn , tbl , roff
1785: At the end of the document, an explicit
1786: .Xr mdoc 7
1787: block, a
1788: .Xr man 7
1789: next-line scope or
1790: .Ic \&RS
1791: or
1792: .Ic \&UR
1793: block, an equation, table, or
1794: .Xr roff 7
1795: conditional or ignore block is still open.
1796: The open block is closed implicitly.
1797: .It Sy "escaped character not allowed in a name"
1798: .Pq roff
1799: Macro, string and register identifiers consist of printable,
1800: non-whitespace ASCII characters.
1801: Escape sequences and characters and strings expressed in terms of them
1802: cannot form part of a name.
1803: The first argument of an
1804: .Ic \&am ,
1805: .Ic \&as ,
1806: .Ic \&de ,
1807: .Ic \&ds ,
1808: .Ic \&nr ,
1809: or
1810: .Ic \&rr
1811: request, or any argument of an
1812: .Ic \&rm
1813: request, or the name of a request or user defined macro being called,
1814: is terminated by an escape sequence.
1815: In the cases of
1816: .Ic \&as ,
1817: .Ic \&ds ,
1818: and
1819: .Ic \&nr ,
1820: the request has no effect at all.
1821: In the cases of
1822: .Ic \&am ,
1823: .Ic \&de ,
1824: .Ic \&rr ,
1825: and
1826: .Ic \&rm ,
1827: what was parsed up to this point is used as the arguments to the request,
1828: and the rest of the input line is discarded including the escape sequence.
1829: When parsing for a request or a user-defined macro name to be called,
1830: only the escape sequence is discarded.
1831: The characters preceding it are used as the request or macro name,
1832: the characters following it are used as the arguments to the request or macro.
1.124 schwarze 1833: .It Sy "NOT IMPLEMENTED: Bd -file"
1834: .Pq mdoc
1835: For security reasons, the
1836: .Ic \&Bd
1837: macro does not support the
1838: .Fl file
1839: argument.
1840: By requesting the inclusion of a sensitive file, a malicious document
1841: might otherwise trick a privileged user into inadvertently displaying
1842: the file on the screen, revealing the file content to bystanders.
1843: The argument is ignored including the file name following it.
1.163 schwarze 1844: .It Sy "skipping display without arguments"
1845: .Pq mdoc
1846: A
1847: .Ic \&Bd
1848: block macro does not have any arguments.
1849: The block is discarded, and the block content is displayed in
1850: whatever mode was active before the block.
1.106 schwarze 1851: .It Sy "missing list type, using -item"
1852: .Pq mdoc
1853: A
1854: .Ic \&Bl
1855: macro fails to specify the list type.
1.194 schwarze 1856: .It Sy "argument is not numeric, using 1"
1857: .Pq roff
1858: The argument of a
1859: .Ic \&ce
1860: request is not a number.
1.106 schwarze 1861: .It Sy "missing manual name, using \(dq\(dq"
1862: .Pq mdoc
1863: The first call to
1.168 schwarze 1864: .Ic \&Nm ,
1865: or any call in the NAME section, lacks the required argument.
1.106 schwarze 1866: .It Sy "uname(3) system call failed, using UNKNOWN"
1867: .Pq mdoc
1868: The
1869: .Ic \&Os
1870: macro is called without arguments, and the
1871: .Xr uname 3
1872: system call failed.
1873: As a workaround,
1874: .Nm
1875: can be compiled with
1876: .Sm off
1877: .Fl D Cm OSNAME=\(dq\e\(dq Ar string Cm \e\(dq\(dq .
1878: .Sm on
1879: .It Sy "unknown standard specifier"
1880: .Pq mdoc
1881: An
1882: .Ic \&St
1883: macro has an unknown argument and is discarded.
1884: .It Sy "skipping request without numeric argument"
1.118 schwarze 1885: .Pq roff , eqn
1.106 schwarze 1886: An
1887: .Ic \&it
1.118 schwarze 1888: request or an
1889: .Xr eqn 7
1890: .Ic \&size
1891: or
1892: .Ic \&gsize
1893: statement has a non-numeric or negative argument or no argument at all.
1894: The invalid request or statement is ignored.
1.132 schwarze 1895: .It Sy "NOT IMPLEMENTED: .so with absolute path or \(dq..\(dq"
1896: .Pq roff
1897: For security reasons,
1898: .Nm
1899: allows
1900: .Ic \&so
1901: file inclusion requests only with relative paths
1902: and only without ascending to any parent directory.
1903: By requesting the inclusion of a sensitive file, a malicious document
1904: might otherwise trick a privileged user into inadvertently displaying
1905: the file on the screen, revealing the file content to bystanders.
1906: .Nm
1907: only shows the path as it appears behind
1908: .Ic \&so .
1909: .It Sy ".so request failed"
1910: .Pq roff
1911: Servicing a
1912: .Ic \&so
1913: request requires reading an external file, but the file could not be
1914: opened.
1915: .Nm
1916: only shows the path as it appears behind
1917: .Ic \&so .
1.106 schwarze 1918: .It Sy "skipping all arguments"
1919: .Pq mdoc , man , eqn , roff
1920: An
1921: .Xr mdoc 7
1922: .Ic \&Bt ,
1923: .Ic \&Ed ,
1924: .Ic \&Ef ,
1925: .Ic \&Ek ,
1926: .Ic \&El ,
1.144 schwarze 1927: .Ic \&Lp ,
1928: .Ic \&Pp ,
1.106 schwarze 1929: .Ic \&Re ,
1.143 schwarze 1930: .Ic \&Rs ,
1.106 schwarze 1931: or
1932: .Ic \&Ud
1933: macro, an
1934: .Ic \&It
1935: macro in a list that don't support item heads, a
1936: .Xr man 7
1937: .Ic \&LP ,
1938: .Ic \&P ,
1939: or
1940: .Ic \&PP
1941: macro, an
1942: .Xr eqn 7
1.120 schwarze 1943: .Ic \&EQ
1944: or
1.106 schwarze 1945: .Ic \&EN
1946: macro, or a
1947: .Xr roff 7
1.148 schwarze 1948: .Ic \&br ,
1949: .Ic \&fi ,
1950: or
1951: .Ic \&nf
1.144 schwarze 1952: request or
1.106 schwarze 1953: .Sq \&..
1954: block closing request is invoked with at least one argument.
1955: All arguments are ignored.
1956: .It Sy "skipping excess arguments"
1.135 schwarze 1957: .Pq mdoc , man , roff
1.150 schwarze 1958: A macro or request is invoked with too many arguments:
1959: .Bl -dash -offset 2n -width 2n -compact
1960: .It
1961: .Ic \&Fo ,
1962: .Ic \&PD ,
1963: .Ic \&RS ,
1964: .Ic \&UR ,
1965: .Ic \&ft ,
1966: or
1967: .Ic \&sp
1968: with more than one argument
1969: .It
1.144 schwarze 1970: .Ic \&An
1.150 schwarze 1971: with another argument after
1.144 schwarze 1972: .Fl split
1973: or
1.150 schwarze 1974: .Fl nosplit
1975: .It
1976: .Ic \&RE
1977: with more than one argument or with a non-integer argument
1978: .It
1979: .Ic \&OP
1980: or a request of the
1981: .Ic \&de
1982: family with more than two arguments
1.154 schwarze 1983: .It
1984: .Ic \&Dt
1985: with more than three arguments
1.150 schwarze 1986: .It
1987: .Ic \&TH
1988: with more than five arguments
1989: .It
1.145 schwarze 1990: .Ic \&Bd ,
1991: .Ic \&Bk ,
1992: or
1993: .Ic \&Bl
1.150 schwarze 1994: with invalid arguments
1995: .El
1.106 schwarze 1996: The excess arguments are ignored.
1.133 schwarze 1997: .El
1998: .Ss Unsupported features
1999: .Bl -ohang
2000: .It Sy "input too large"
2001: .Pq mdoc , man
2002: Currently,
2003: .Nm
2004: cannot handle input files larger than its arbitrary size limit
2005: of 2^31 bytes (2 Gigabytes).
2006: Since useful manuals are always small, this is not a problem in practice.
2007: Parsing is aborted as soon as the condition is detected.
1.136 schwarze 2008: .It Sy "unsupported control character"
2009: .Pq roff
2010: An ASCII control character supported by other
2011: .Xr roff 7
2012: implementations but not by
2013: .Nm
2014: was found in an input file.
2015: It is replaced by a question mark.
1.133 schwarze 2016: .It Sy "unsupported roff request"
2017: .Pq roff
2018: An input file contains a
2019: .Xr roff 7
2020: request supported by GNU troff or Heirloom troff but not by
2021: .Nm ,
2022: and it is likely that this will cause information loss
2023: or considerable misformatting.
1.139 schwarze 2024: .It Sy "eqn delim option in tbl"
2025: .Pq eqn , tbl
2026: The options line of a table defines equation delimiters.
2027: Any equation source code contained in the table will be printed unformatted.
2028: .It Sy "unsupported table layout modifier"
1.138 schwarze 2029: .Pq tbl
2030: A table layout specification contains an
2031: .Sq Cm m
2032: modifier.
2033: The modifier is discarded.
1.133 schwarze 2034: .It Sy "ignoring macro in table"
1.139 schwarze 2035: .Pq tbl , mdoc , man
2036: A table contains an invocation of an
2037: .Xr mdoc 7
2038: or
2039: .Xr man 7
2040: macro or of an undefined macro.
2041: The macro is ignored, and its arguments are handled
2042: as if they were a text line.
1.106 schwarze 2043: .El
1.1 kristaps 2044: .Sh SEE ALSO
1.141 schwarze 2045: .Xr apropos 1 ,
2046: .Xr man 1 ,
1.85 kristaps 2047: .Xr eqn 7 ,
1.57 kristaps 2048: .Xr man 7 ,
1.13 kristaps 2049: .Xr mandoc_char 7 ,
1.84 kristaps 2050: .Xr mdoc 7 ,
2051: .Xr roff 7 ,
2052: .Xr tbl 7
1.173 schwarze 2053: .Sh HISTORY
2054: The
2055: .Nm
2056: utility first appeared in
2057: .Ox 4.8 .
2058: The option
2059: .Fl I
2060: appeared in
2061: .Ox 5.2 ,
2062: and
2063: .Fl aCcfhKklMSsw
2064: in
2065: .Ox 5.7 .
1.1 kristaps 2066: .Sh AUTHORS
1.156 schwarze 2067: .An -nosplit
1.1 kristaps 2068: The
2069: .Nm
1.26 kristaps 2070: utility was written by
1.141 schwarze 2071: .An Kristaps Dzonsons Aq Mt kristaps@bsd.lv
2072: and is maintained by
2073: .An Ingo Schwarze Aq Mt schwarze@openbsd.org .
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