=================================================================== RCS file: /cvs/mandoc/mandoc_char.7,v retrieving revision 1.66 retrieving revision 1.76 diff -u -p -r1.66 -r1.76 --- mandoc/mandoc_char.7 2017/06/02 12:43:52 1.66 +++ mandoc/mandoc_char.7 2019/03/31 19:17:26 1.76 @@ -1,8 +1,8 @@ -.\" $Id: mandoc_char.7,v 1.66 2017/06/02 12:43:52 schwarze Exp $ +.\" $Id: mandoc_char.7,v 1.76 2019/03/31 19:17:26 schwarze Exp $ .\" .\" Copyright (c) 2003 Jason McIntyre .\" Copyright (c) 2009, 2010, 2011 Kristaps Dzonsons -.\" Copyright (c) 2011, 2013, 2015, 2017 Ingo Schwarze +.\" Copyright (c) 2011,2013,2015,2017,2018 Ingo Schwarze .\" .\" Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any .\" purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above @@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ .\" ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF .\" OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE. .\" -.Dd $Mdocdate: June 2 2017 $ +.Dd $Mdocdate: March 31 2019 $ .Dt MANDOC_CHAR 7 .Os .Sh NAME @@ -35,23 +35,37 @@ documents. .Pp The rendering depends on the .Xr mandoc 1 -output mode; in ASCII output, most characters are completely -unintelligible. -For that reason, using any of the special characters documented here, -except those discussed in the +output mode; it can be inspected by calling +.Xr man 1 +on the +.Nm +manual page with different +.Fl T +arguments. +In ASCII output, the rendering of some characters may be hard +to interpret for the reader. +Many are rendered as descriptive strings like +.Qq , +.Qq , +or +.Qq , +which may look ugly, and many are replaced by similar ASCII characters. +In particular, accented characters are usually shown without the accent. +For that reason, try to avoid using any of the special characters +documented here except those discussed in the .Sx DESCRIPTION , -is strongly discouraged; they are supported merely for backwards -compatibility with existing documents. +unless they are essential for explaining the subject matter at hand, +for example when documenting complicated mathematical functions. .Pp In particular, in English manual pages, do not use special-character escape sequences to represent national language characters in author names; instead, provide ASCII transcriptions of the names. .Ss Dashes and Hyphens In typography there are different types of dashes of various width: -the hyphen (-), -the minus sign (\(mi), +the hyphen (\(hy), the en-dash (\(en), -and the em-dash (\(em). +the em-dash (\(em), +and the mathematical minus sign (\(mi). .Pp Hyphens are used for adjectives; to separate the two parts of a compound word; @@ -62,6 +76,42 @@ blue-eyed lorry-driver .Ed .Pp +The en-dash is used to separate the two elements of a range, +or can be used the same way as an em-dash. +It should be written as +.Sq \e(en : +.Bd -unfilled -offset indent +pp. 95\e(en97. +Go away \e(en or else! +.Ed +.Pp +The em-dash can be used to show an interruption +or can be used the same way as colons, semi-colons, or parentheses. +It should be written as +.Sq \e(em : +.Bd -unfilled -offset indent +Three things \e(em apples, oranges, and bananas. +This is not that \e(em rather, this is that. +.Ed +.Pp +In +.Xr roff 7 +documents, the minus sign is normally written as +.Sq \e- . +In manual pages, some style guides recommend to also use +.Sq \e- +if an ASCII 0x2d +.Dq hyphen-minus +output glyph that can be copied and pasted is desired in output modes +supporting it, for example in +.Fl T Cm utf8 +and +.Fl T Cm html . +But currently, no practically relevant manual page formatter requires +that subtlety, so in manual pages, it is sufficient to write plain +.Sq - +to represent hyphen, minus, and hyphen-minus. +.Pp If a word on a text input line contains a hyphen, a formatter may decide to insert an output line break after the hyphen if that helps filling the current output line, but the whole word would overflow the line. @@ -85,37 +135,6 @@ Such automatic hyphenation is not supported by .Xr mandoc 1 , which only breaks the line at whitespace, and inside words only after existing hyphens. -.Pp -The mathematical minus sign is used for negative numbers or subtraction. -It should be written as -.Sq \e(mi : -.Bd -unfilled -offset indent -a = 3 \e(mi 1; -b = \e(mi2; -.Ed -.Pp -The en-dash is used to separate the two elements of a range, -or can be used the same way as an em-dash. -It should be written as -.Sq \e(en : -.Bd -unfilled -offset indent -pp. 95\e(en97. -Go away \e(en or else! -.Ed -.Pp -The em-dash can be used to show an interruption -or can be used the same way as colons, semi-colons, or parentheses. -It should be written as -.Sq \e(em : -.Bd -unfilled -offset indent -Three things \e(em apples, oranges, and bananas. -This is not that \e(em rather, this is that. -.Ed -.Pp -Note: -hyphens, minus signs, and en-dashes look identical under normal ASCII output. -Other formats, such as PostScript, render them correctly, -with differing widths. .Ss Spaces To separate words in normal text, for indenting and alignment in literal context, and when none of the following special cases apply, @@ -247,11 +266,13 @@ Spacing: .It Em Input Ta Em Description .It Sq \e\ \& Ta unpaddable non-breaking space .It \e\(ti Ta paddable non-breaking space -.It \e0 Ta unpaddable, breaking digit-width space +.It \e0 Ta digit-width space allowing line break .It \e| Ta one-sixth \e(em narrow space, zero width in nroff mode .It \e^ Ta one-twelfth \e(em half-narrow space, zero width in nroff -.It \e& Ta zero-width space +.It \e& Ta zero-width non-breaking space +.It \e) Ta zero-width space transparent to end-of-sentence detection .It \e% Ta zero-width space allowing hyphenation +.It \e: Ta zero-width space allowing line break .El .Pp Lines: @@ -260,6 +281,7 @@ Lines: .It \e(ba Ta \(ba Ta bar .It \e(br Ta \(br Ta box rule .It \e(ul Ta \(ul Ta underscore +.It \e(ru Ta \(ru Ta underscore (width 0.5m) .It \e(rn Ta \(rn Ta overline .It \e(bb Ta \(bb Ta broken bar .It \e(sl Ta \(sl Ta forward slash @@ -318,8 +340,8 @@ Quotes: .It \e(rq Ta \(rq Ta right double-quote .It \e(oq Ta \(oq Ta left single-quote .It \e(cq Ta \(cq Ta right single-quote -.It \e(aq Ta \(aq Ta apostrophe quote (text) -.It \e(dq Ta \(dq Ta double quote (text) +.It \e(aq Ta \(aq Ta apostrophe quote (ASCII character) +.It \e(dq Ta \(dq Ta double quote (ASCII character) .It \e(Fo Ta \(Fo Ta left guillemet .It \e(Fc Ta \(Fc Ta right guillemet .It \e(fo Ta \(fo Ta left single guillemet @@ -335,7 +357,7 @@ Brackets: .It \e(rC Ta \(rC Ta right brace .It \e(la Ta \(la Ta left angle .It \e(ra Ta \(ra Ta right angle -.It \e(bv Ta \(bv Ta brace extension +.It \e(bv Ta \(bv Ta brace extension (special font) .It \e[braceex] Ta \[braceex] Ta brace extension .It \e[bracketlefttp] Ta \[bracketlefttp] Ta top-left hooked bracket .It \e[bracketleftbt] Ta \[bracketleftbt] Ta bottom-left hooked bracket @@ -388,8 +410,8 @@ Logical: .It Em Input Ta Em Rendered Ta Em Description .It \e(AN Ta \(AN Ta logical and .It \e(OR Ta \(OR Ta logical or -.It \e(no Ta \(no Ta logical not -.It \e[tno] Ta \[tno] Ta logical not (text) +.It \e[tno] Ta \[tno] Ta logical not (text font) +.It \e(no Ta \(no Ta logical not (special font) .It \e(te Ta \(te Ta existential quantifier .It \e(fa Ta \(fa Ta universal quantifier .It \e(st Ta \(st Ta such that @@ -401,19 +423,20 @@ Logical: Mathematical: .Bl -column "xxcoproductxx" "Rendered" "Description" -offset indent -compact .It Em Input Ta Em Rendered Ta Em Description -.It \e(pl Ta \(pl Ta plus -.It \e(mi Ta \(mi Ta minus -.It \e- Ta \- Ta minus (text) +.It \e- Ta \- Ta minus (text font) +.It \e(mi Ta \(mi Ta minus (special font) +.It + Ta + Ta plus (text font) +.It \e(pl Ta \(pl Ta plus (special font) .It \e(-+ Ta \(-+ Ta minus-plus -.It \e(+- Ta \(+- Ta plus-minus -.It \e[t+-] Ta \[t+-] Ta plus-minus (text) +.It \e[t+-] Ta \[t+-] Ta plus-minus (text font) +.It \e(+- Ta \(+- Ta plus-minus (special font) .It \e(pc Ta \(pc Ta center-dot -.It \e(mu Ta \(mu Ta multiply -.It \e[tmu] Ta \[tmu] Ta multiply (text) +.It \e[tmu] Ta \[tmu] Ta multiply (text font) +.It \e(mu Ta \(mu Ta multiply (special font) .It \e(c* Ta \(c* Ta circle-multiply .It \e(c+ Ta \(c+ Ta circle-plus -.It \e(di Ta \(di Ta divide -.It \e[tdi] Ta \[tdi] Ta divide (text) +.It \e[tdi] Ta \[tdi] Ta divide (text font) +.It \e(di Ta \(di Ta divide (special font) .It \e(f/ Ta \(f/ Ta fraction .It \e(** Ta \(** Ta asterisk .It \e(<= Ta \(<= Ta less-than-equal @@ -510,8 +533,8 @@ Accents: .It \e(ao Ta \(ao Ta ring .It \e(a\(ti Ta \(a~ Ta tilde .It \e(ho Ta \(ho Ta ogonek -.It \e(ha Ta \(ha Ta hat (text) -.It \e(ti Ta \(ti Ta tilde (text) +.It \e(ha Ta \(ha Ta hat (ASCII character) +.It \e(ti Ta \(ti Ta tilde (ASCII character) .El .Pp Accented letters: @@ -522,11 +545,13 @@ Accented letters: .It \e(\(aqI Ta \('I Ta acute I .It \e(\(aqO Ta \('O Ta acute O .It \e(\(aqU Ta \('U Ta acute U +.It \e(\(aqY Ta \('Y Ta acute Y .It \e(\(aqa Ta \('a Ta acute a .It \e(\(aqe Ta \('e Ta acute e .It \e(\(aqi Ta \('i Ta acute i .It \e(\(aqo Ta \('o Ta acute o .It \e(\(aqu Ta \('u Ta acute u +.It \e(\(aqy Ta \('y Ta acute y .It \e(\(gaA Ta \(`A Ta grave A .It \e(\(gaE Ta \(`E Ta grave E .It \e(\(gaI Ta \(`I Ta grave I @@ -740,14 +765,16 @@ For backward compatibility with existing manuals, .Xr mandoc 1 also supports the .Pp -.Dl \eN\(aq Ns Ar number Ns \(aq +.Dl \eN\(aq Ns Ar number Ns \(aq and \e[ Ns Cm char Ns Ar number ] .Pp -escape sequence, inserting the character +escape sequences, inserting the character .Ar number from the current character set into the output. Of course, this is inherently non-portable and is already marked -as deprecated in the Heirloom roff manual. -For example, do not use \eN\(aq34\(aq, use \e(dq, or even the plain +as deprecated in the Heirloom roff manual; +on top of that, the second form is a GNU extension. +For example, do not use \eN\(aq34\(aq or \e[char34], use \e(dq, +or even the plain .Sq \(dq character where possible. .Sh COMPATIBILITY