version 1.207, 2011/08/30 13:14:01 |
version 1.243, 2014/11/28 18:09:01 |
|
|
.\" $Id$ |
.\" $Id$ |
.\" |
.\" |
.\" Copyright (c) 2009, 2010, 2011 Kristaps Dzonsons <kristaps@bsd.lv> |
.\" Copyright (c) 2009, 2010, 2011 Kristaps Dzonsons <kristaps@bsd.lv> |
.\" Copyright (c) 2010 Ingo Schwarze <schwarze@openbsd.org> |
.\" Copyright (c) 2010, 2011, 2013 Ingo Schwarze <schwarze@openbsd.org> |
.\" |
.\" |
.\" Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any |
.\" Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any |
.\" purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above |
.\" purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above |
|
|
.Os |
.Os |
.Sh NAME |
.Sh NAME |
.Nm mdoc |
.Nm mdoc |
.Nd mdoc language reference |
.Nd semantic markup language for formatting manual pages |
.Sh DESCRIPTION |
.Sh DESCRIPTION |
The |
The |
.Nm mdoc |
.Nm mdoc |
language is used to format |
language supports authoring of manual pages for the |
.Bx |
.Xr man 1 |
.Ux |
utility by allowing semantic annotations of words, phrases, |
manuals. |
page sections and complete manual pages. |
This reference document describes its syntax, structure, and |
Such annotations are used by formatting tools to achieve a uniform |
usage. |
presentation across all manuals written in |
The reference implementation for |
.Nm , |
|
and to support hyperlinking if supported by the output medium. |
|
.Pp |
|
This reference document describes the structure of manual pages |
|
and the syntax and usage of the |
.Nm |
.Nm |
formatting is |
language. |
|
The reference implementation of a parsing and formatting tool is |
.Xr mandoc 1 ; |
.Xr mandoc 1 ; |
the |
the |
.Sx COMPATIBILITY |
.Sx COMPATIBILITY |
section describes compatibility with other implementations. |
section describes compatibility with other implementations. |
.Pp |
.Pp |
An |
In an |
.Nm |
.Nm |
document follows simple rules: lines beginning with the control |
document, lines beginning with the control character |
character |
|
.Sq \&. |
.Sq \&. |
are parsed for macros. |
are called |
Lines not beginning with the control character are |
.Dq macro lines . |
interpreted within the scope of prior macros: |
The first word is the macro name. |
|
It consists of two or three letters. |
|
Most macro names begin with a capital letter. |
|
For a list of available macros, see |
|
.Sx MACRO OVERVIEW . |
|
The words following the macro name are arguments to the macro, optionally |
|
including the names of other, callable macros; see |
|
.Sx MACRO SYNTAX |
|
for details. |
|
.Pp |
|
Lines not beginning with the control character are called |
|
.Dq text lines . |
|
They provide free-form text to be printed; the formatting of the text |
|
depends on the respective processing context: |
.Bd -literal -offset indent |
.Bd -literal -offset indent |
\&.Sh Macro lines change control state. |
\&.Sh Macro lines change control state. |
Text lines are interpreted within the current state. |
Text lines are interpreted within the current state. |
.Ed |
.Ed |
.Sh LANGUAGE SYNTAX |
|
.Nm |
|
documents may contain only graphable 7-bit ASCII characters, the space |
|
character, and, in certain circumstances, the tab character. |
|
The back-space character |
|
.Sq \e |
|
indicates the start of an escape sequence for |
|
.Sx Comments , |
|
.Sx Predefined Strings , |
|
and |
|
.Sx Special Characters . |
|
.Ss Comments |
|
Text following an escaped double-quote |
|
.Sq \e\(dq , |
|
whether in a macro or text line, is ignored to the end of |
|
line. |
|
A macro line beginning with a control character and comment escape |
|
.Sq \&.\e\(dq |
|
is also ignored. |
|
Furthermore, |
|
macro lines with only a control character and optional trailing |
|
whitespace are |
|
stripped from input. |
|
.Pp |
.Pp |
Examples: |
Many aspects of the basic syntax of the |
.Bd -literal -offset indent -compact |
|
\&.\e\(dq This is a comment line. |
|
\&.\e\(dq The next line is ignored: |
|
\&. |
|
\&.Em Emphasis \e\(dq This is also a comment. |
|
.Ed |
|
.Ss Special Characters |
|
Special characters are used to encode special glyphs and are rendered |
|
differently across output media. |
|
They may occur in both macro and text lines. |
|
Sequences begin with the escape character |
|
.Sq \e |
|
followed by either an open-parenthesis |
|
.Sq \&( |
|
for two-character sequences; an open-bracket |
|
.Sq \&[ |
|
for n-character sequences (terminated at a close-bracket |
|
.Sq \&] ) ; |
|
or a single one character sequence. |
|
.Pp |
|
Examples: |
|
.Bl -tag -width Ds -offset indent -compact |
|
.It Li \e(em |
|
Two-letter em dash escape. |
|
.It Li \ee |
|
One-letter backslash escape. |
|
.El |
|
.Pp |
|
See |
|
.Xr mandoc_char 7 |
|
for a complete list. |
|
.Ss Text Decoration |
|
Terms may be text-decorated using the |
|
.Sq \ef |
|
escape followed by an indicator: B (bold), I (italic), R (regular), or P |
|
(revert to previous mode). |
|
A numerical representation 3, 2, or 1 (bold, italic, and regular, |
|
respectively) may be used instead. |
|
If a macro opens a font scope after calling |
|
.Sq \ef , |
|
such as with |
|
.Sx \&Bf , |
|
the |
|
.Sq \ef |
|
mode will be restored upon exiting the |
|
.Sx \&Bf |
|
scope. |
|
.Pp |
|
Examples: |
|
.Bl -tag -width Ds -offset indent -compact |
|
.It Li \efBbold\efR |
|
Write in bold, then switch to regular font mode. |
|
.It Li \efIitalic\efP |
|
Write in italic, then return to previous font mode. |
|
.El |
|
.Pp |
|
Text decoration is |
|
.Em not |
|
recommended for |
|
.Nm , |
|
which encourages semantic annotation. |
|
.Ss Predefined Strings |
|
Predefined strings, like |
|
.Sx Special Characters , |
|
mark special output glyphs. |
|
Predefined strings are escaped with the slash-asterisk, |
|
.Sq \e* : |
|
single-character |
|
.Sq \e*X , |
|
two-character |
|
.Sq \e*(XX , |
|
and N-character |
|
.Sq \e*[N] . |
|
.Pp |
|
Examples: |
|
.Bl -tag -width Ds -offset indent -compact |
|
.It Li \e*(Am |
|
Two-letter ampersand predefined string. |
|
.It Li \e*q |
|
One-letter double-quote predefined string. |
|
.El |
|
.Pp |
|
These strings are set using |
|
.Xr roff 7 , |
|
although |
|
.Nm |
.Nm |
consists of several pre-set escapes listed in |
language are based on the |
.Xr mandoc_char 7 . |
.Xr roff 7 |
.Ss Whitespace |
language; see the |
Whitespace consists of the space character. |
.Em LANGUAGE SYNTAX |
In text lines, whitespace is preserved within a line. |
|
In macro lines, whitespace delimits arguments and is discarded. |
|
.Pp |
|
Unescaped trailing spaces are stripped from text line input unless in a |
|
literal context. |
|
In general, trailing whitespace on any input line is discouraged for |
|
reasons of portability. |
|
In the rare case that a blank character is needed at the end of an |
|
input line, it may be forced by |
|
.Sq \e\ \e& . |
|
.Pp |
|
In general, space characters can be rendered as literal |
|
characters by using non-breaking space escapes or |
|
.Sx Quotation . |
|
.Pp |
|
Blank text lines, which may include whitespace, are only permitted |
|
within literal contexts. |
|
If the first character of a text line is a space, that line is printed |
|
with a leading newline. |
|
.Ss Quotation |
|
Macro arguments may be quoted with double-quotes to so that the |
|
enclosed text is one literal term. |
|
Quoted text, even if whitespace or if it would cause a macro invocation |
|
when unquoted, is considered literal text. |
|
.Pp |
|
A quoted argument begins with a double-quote preceded by whitespace. |
|
The next double-quote not pairwise adjacent to another double-quote |
|
terminates the literal, regardless of surrounding whitespace. |
|
.Pp |
|
Examples: |
|
.Bl -tag -width Ds -offset indent -compact |
|
.It Li .Fn strlen \(dqconst char *s\(dq |
|
Group arguments |
|
.Qq const char *s |
|
into one function argument. |
|
If unspecified, |
|
.Qq const , |
|
.Qq char , |
|
and |
and |
.Qq *s |
.Em MACRO SYNTAX |
would be considered separate arguments. |
sections in the |
.Pq See Sx \&Fn . |
.Xr roff 7 |
.It Li .Op \(dqFl a\(dq |
manual for details, in particular regarding |
Consider |
comments, escape sequences, whitespace, and quoting. |
.Qq \&Fl a |
However, using |
as literal text instead of a flag macro. |
.Xr roff 7 |
.Pq Aee Sx \&Op , \&Fl . |
requests in |
.El |
.Nm |
.Ss Scaling Widths |
documents is discouraged; |
Many macros support scaled widths for their arguments. |
.Xr mandoc 1 |
The syntax for a scaled width is |
supports some of them merely for backward compatibility. |
.Sq Li [+-]?[0-9]*.[0-9]*[:unit:] , |
|
where a decimal must be preceded or proceeded by at least one digit. |
|
Negative numbers, while accepted, are truncated to zero. |
|
.Pp |
|
The following scaling units are accepted: |
|
.Pp |
|
.Bl -tag -width Ds -offset indent -compact |
|
.It c |
|
centimetre |
|
.It i |
|
inch |
|
.It P |
|
pica (~1/6 inch) |
|
.It p |
|
point (~1/72 inch) |
|
.It f |
|
synonym for |
|
.Sq u |
|
.It v |
|
default vertical span |
|
.It m |
|
width of rendered |
|
.Sq m |
|
.Pq em |
|
character |
|
.It n |
|
width of rendered |
|
.Sq n |
|
.Pq en |
|
character |
|
.It u |
|
default horizontal span |
|
.It M |
|
mini-em (~1/100 em) |
|
.El |
|
.Pp |
|
Using anything other than |
|
.Sq m , |
|
.Sq n , |
|
.Sq u , |
|
or |
|
.Sq v |
|
is necessarily non-portable across output media. |
|
See |
|
.Sx COMPATIBILITY . |
|
.Pp |
|
Examples: |
|
.Bl -tag -width Ds -offset indent -compact |
|
.It Li \&.Bl -tag -width 2i |
|
two-inch tagged list indentation |
|
.Pq see Sx \&Bl |
|
.It Li \&.sp 2v |
|
two vertical spaces |
|
.Pq see Sx \&sp |
|
.El |
|
.Ss Sentence Spacing |
|
Sentences should terminate at the end of an input line. |
|
By doing this, a formatter will be able to apply the proper amount of |
|
spacing after the end of sentence (unescaped) period, exclamation mark, |
|
or question mark followed by zero or more non-sentence closing |
|
delimiters |
|
.Po |
|
.Sq \&) , |
|
.Sq \&] , |
|
.Sq \&' , |
|
.Sq \&" |
|
.Pc . |
|
.Pp |
|
The proper spacing is also intelligently preserved if a sentence ends at |
|
the boundary of a macro line. |
|
.Pp |
|
Examples: |
|
.Bd -literal -offset indent -compact |
|
Do not end sentences mid-line like this. Instead, |
|
end a sentence like this. |
|
A macro would end like this: |
|
\&.Xr mandoc 1 \&. |
|
.Ed |
|
.Sh MANUAL STRUCTURE |
.Sh MANUAL STRUCTURE |
A well-formed |
A well-formed |
.Nm |
.Nm |
Line 332 file for a utility |
|
Line 125 file for a utility |
|
\&.Nm progname |
\&.Nm progname |
\&.Nd one line about what it does |
\&.Nd one line about what it does |
\&.\e\(dq .Sh LIBRARY |
\&.\e\(dq .Sh LIBRARY |
\&.\e\(dq For sections 2, 3, & 9 only. |
\&.\e\(dq For sections 2, 3, and 9 only. |
\&.\e\(dq Not used in OpenBSD. |
\&.\e\(dq Not used in OpenBSD. |
\&.Sh SYNOPSIS |
\&.Sh SYNOPSIS |
\&.Nm progname |
\&.Nm progname |
Line 342 file for a utility |
|
Line 135 file for a utility |
|
The |
The |
\&.Nm |
\&.Nm |
utility processes files ... |
utility processes files ... |
|
\&.\e\(dq .Sh CONTEXT |
|
\&.\e\(dq For section 9 functions only. |
\&.\e\(dq .Sh IMPLEMENTATION NOTES |
\&.\e\(dq .Sh IMPLEMENTATION NOTES |
\&.\e\(dq Not used in OpenBSD. |
\&.\e\(dq Not used in OpenBSD. |
\&.\e\(dq .Sh RETURN VALUES |
\&.\e\(dq .Sh RETURN VALUES |
\&.\e\(dq For sections 2, 3, & 9 only. |
\&.\e\(dq For sections 2, 3, and 9 function return values only. |
\&.\e\(dq .Sh ENVIRONMENT |
\&.\e\(dq .Sh ENVIRONMENT |
\&.\e\(dq For sections 1, 6, 7, & 8 only. |
\&.\e\(dq For sections 1, 6, 7, and 8 only. |
\&.\e\(dq .Sh FILES |
\&.\e\(dq .Sh FILES |
\&.\e\(dq .Sh EXIT STATUS |
\&.\e\(dq .Sh EXIT STATUS |
\&.\e\(dq For sections 1, 6, & 8 only. |
\&.\e\(dq For sections 1, 6, and 8 only. |
\&.\e\(dq .Sh EXAMPLES |
\&.\e\(dq .Sh EXAMPLES |
\&.\e\(dq .Sh DIAGNOSTICS |
\&.\e\(dq .Sh DIAGNOSTICS |
\&.\e\(dq For sections 1, 4, 6, 7, & 8 only. |
\&.\e\(dq For sections 1, 4, 6, 7, 8, and 9 printf/stderr messages only. |
\&.\e\(dq .Sh ERRORS |
\&.\e\(dq .Sh ERRORS |
\&.\e\(dq For sections 2, 3, & 9 only. |
\&.\e\(dq For sections 2, 3, 4, and 9 errno settings only. |
\&.\e\(dq .Sh SEE ALSO |
\&.\e\(dq .Sh SEE ALSO |
\&.\e\(dq .Xr foobar 1 |
\&.\e\(dq .Xr foobar 1 |
\&.\e\(dq .Sh STANDARDS |
\&.\e\(dq .Sh STANDARDS |
Line 525 macro followed by a non-standard section name, and eac |
|
Line 320 macro followed by a non-standard section name, and eac |
|
several subsections, like in the present |
several subsections, like in the present |
.Nm |
.Nm |
manual. |
manual. |
|
.It Em CONTEXT |
|
This section lists the contexts in which functions can be called in section 9. |
|
The contexts are autoconf, process, or interrupt. |
.It Em IMPLEMENTATION NOTES |
.It Em IMPLEMENTATION NOTES |
Implementation-specific notes should be kept here. |
Implementation-specific notes should be kept here. |
This is useful when implementing standard functions that may have side |
This is useful when implementing standard functions that may have side |
|
|
This often contains snippets of well-formed, well-tested invocations. |
This often contains snippets of well-formed, well-tested invocations. |
Make sure that examples work properly! |
Make sure that examples work properly! |
.It Em DIAGNOSTICS |
.It Em DIAGNOSTICS |
Documents error conditions. |
Documents error messages. |
This is most useful in section 4 manuals. |
In section 4 and 9 manuals, these are usually messages printed by the |
|
kernel to the console and to the kernel log. |
|
In section 1, 6, 7, and 8, these are usually messages printed by |
|
userland programs to the standard error output. |
|
.Pp |
Historically, this section was used in place of |
Historically, this section was used in place of |
.Em EXIT STATUS |
.Em EXIT STATUS |
for manuals in sections 1, 6, and 8; however, this practise is |
for manuals in sections 1, 6, and 8; however, this practise is |
|
|
.Sx \&Bl |
.Sx \&Bl |
.Fl diag . |
.Fl diag . |
.It Em ERRORS |
.It Em ERRORS |
Documents error handling in sections 2, 3, and 9. |
Documents |
|
.Xr errno 2 |
|
settings in sections 2, 3, 4, and 9. |
.Pp |
.Pp |
See |
See |
.Sx \&Er . |
.Sx \&Er . |
|
|
References other manuals with related topics. |
References other manuals with related topics. |
This section should exist for most manuals. |
This section should exist for most manuals. |
Cross-references should conventionally be ordered first by section, then |
Cross-references should conventionally be ordered first by section, then |
alphabetically. |
alphabetically (ignoring case). |
.Pp |
.Pp |
References to other documentation concerning the topic of the manual page, |
References to other documentation concerning the topic of the manual page, |
for example authoritative books or journal articles, may also be |
for example authoritative books or journal articles, may also be |
Line 620 in this section. |
|
Line 424 in this section. |
|
.It Em SECURITY CONSIDERATIONS |
.It Em SECURITY CONSIDERATIONS |
Documents any security precautions that operators should consider. |
Documents any security precautions that operators should consider. |
.El |
.El |
.Sh MACRO SYNTAX |
.Sh MACRO OVERVIEW |
Macros are one to three three characters in length and begin with a |
This overview is sorted such that macros of similar purpose are listed |
control character, |
together, to help find the best macro for any given purpose. |
.Sq \&. , |
Deprecated macros are not included in the overview, but can be found below |
at the beginning of the line. |
in the alphabetical |
An arbitrary amount of whitespace may sit between the control character |
.Sx MACRO REFERENCE . |
and the macro name. |
.Ss Document preamble and NAME section macros |
Thus, the following are equivalent: |
.Bl -column "Brq, Bro, Brc" description |
.Bd -literal -offset indent |
.It Sx \&Dd Ta document date: Cm $\&Mdocdate$ | Ar month day , year |
\&.Pp |
.It Sx \&Dt Ta document title: Ar TITLE section Op Ar volume | arch |
\&.\ \ \ \&Pp |
.It Sx \&Os Ta operating system version: Op Ar system Op Ar version |
.Ed |
.It Sx \&Nm Ta document name (one argument) |
.Pp |
.It Sx \&Nd Ta document description (one line) |
The syntax of a macro depends on its classification. |
|
In this section, |
|
.Sq \-arg |
|
refers to macro arguments, which may be followed by zero or more |
|
.Sq parm |
|
parameters; |
|
.Sq \&Yo |
|
opens the scope of a macro; and if specified, |
|
.Sq \&Yc |
|
closes it out. |
|
.Pp |
|
The |
|
.Em Callable |
|
column indicates that the macro may also be called by passing its name |
|
as an argument to another macro. |
|
For example, |
|
.Sq \&.Op \&Fl O \&Ar file |
|
produces |
|
.Sq Op Fl O Ar file . |
|
To prevent a macro call and render the macro name literally, |
|
escape it by prepending a zero-width space, |
|
.Sq \e& . |
|
For example, |
|
.Sq \&Op \e&Fl O |
|
produces |
|
.Sq Op \&Fl O . |
|
If a macro is not callable but its name appears as an argument |
|
to another macro, it is interpreted as opaque text. |
|
For example, |
|
.Sq \&.Fl \&Sh |
|
produces |
|
.Sq Fl \&Sh . |
|
.Pp |
|
The |
|
.Em Parsed |
|
column indicates whether the macro may call other macros by receiving |
|
their names as arguments. |
|
If a macro is not parsed but the name of another macro appears |
|
as an argument, it is interpreted as opaque text. |
|
.Pp |
|
The |
|
.Em Scope |
|
column, if applicable, describes closure rules. |
|
.Ss Block full-explicit |
|
Multi-line scope closed by an explicit closing macro. |
|
All macros contains bodies; only |
|
.Sx \&Bf |
|
and |
|
.Pq optionally |
|
.Sx \&Bl |
|
contain a head. |
|
.Bd -literal -offset indent |
|
\&.Yo \(lB\-arg \(lBparm...\(rB\(rB \(lBhead...\(rB |
|
\(lBbody...\(rB |
|
\&.Yc |
|
.Ed |
|
.Bl -column "MacroX" "CallableX" "ParsedX" "closed by XXX" -offset indent |
|
.It Em Macro Ta Em Callable Ta Em Parsed Ta Em Scope |
|
.It Sx \&Bd Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta closed by Sx \&Ed |
|
.It Sx \&Bf Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta closed by Sx \&Ef |
|
.It Sx \&Bk Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta closed by Sx \&Ek |
|
.It Sx \&Bl Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta closed by Sx \&El |
|
.It Sx \&Ed Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta opened by Sx \&Bd |
|
.It Sx \&Ef Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta opened by Sx \&Bf |
|
.It Sx \&Ek Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta opened by Sx \&Bk |
|
.It Sx \&El Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta opened by Sx \&Bl |
|
.El |
.El |
.Ss Block full-implicit |
.Ss Sections and cross references |
Multi-line scope closed by end-of-file or implicitly by another macro. |
.Bl -column "Brq, Bro, Brc" description |
All macros have bodies; some |
.It Sx \&Sh Ta section header (one line) |
.Po |
.It Sx \&Ss Ta subsection header (one line) |
.Sx \&It Fl bullet , |
.It Sx \&Sx Ta internal cross reference to a section or subsection |
.Fl hyphen , |
.It Sx \&Xr Ta cross reference to another manual page: Ar name section |
.Fl dash , |
.It Sx \&Pp , \&Lp Ta start a text paragraph (no arguments) |
.Fl enum , |
|
.Fl item |
|
.Pc |
|
don't have heads; only one |
|
.Po |
|
.Sx \&It |
|
in |
|
.Sx \&Bl Fl column |
|
.Pc |
|
has multiple heads. |
|
.Bd -literal -offset indent |
|
\&.Yo \(lB\-arg \(lBparm...\(rB\(rB \(lBhead... \(lBTa head...\(rB\(rB |
|
\(lBbody...\(rB |
|
.Ed |
|
.Bl -column "MacroX" "CallableX" "ParsedX" "closed by XXXXXXXXXXX" -offset indent |
|
.It Em Macro Ta Em Callable Ta Em Parsed Ta Em Scope |
|
.It Sx \&It Ta \&No Ta Yes Ta closed by Sx \&It , Sx \&El |
|
.It Sx \&Nd Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta closed by Sx \&Sh |
|
.It Sx \&Nm Ta \&No Ta Yes Ta closed by Sx \&Nm , Sx \&Sh , Sx \&Ss |
|
.It Sx \&Sh Ta \&No Ta Yes Ta closed by Sx \&Sh |
|
.It Sx \&Ss Ta \&No Ta Yes Ta closed by Sx \&Sh , Sx \&Ss |
|
.El |
.El |
.Pp |
.Ss Displays and lists |
Note that the |
.Bl -column "Brq, Bro, Brc" description |
.Sx \&Nm |
.It Sx \&Bd , \&Ed Ta display block: |
macro is a |
.Fl Ar type |
.Sx Block full-implicit |
.Op Fl offset Ar width |
macro only when invoked as the first macro |
.Op Fl compact |
in a |
.It Sx \&D1 Ta indented display (one line) |
.Em SYNOPSIS |
.It Sx \&Dl Ta indented literal display (one line) |
section line, else it is |
.It Sx \&Bl , \&El Ta list block: |
.Sx In-line . |
.Fl Ar type |
.Ss Block partial-explicit |
.Op Fl width Ar val |
Like block full-explicit, but also with single-line scope. |
.Op Fl offset Ar val |
Each has at least a body and, in limited circumstances, a head |
.Op Fl compact |
.Po |
.It Sx \&It Ta list item (syntax depends on Fl Ar type ) |
.Sx \&Fo , |
.It Sx \&Ta Ta table cell separator in Sx \&Bl Fl column No lists |
.Sx \&Eo |
.It Sx \&Rs , \&%* , \&Re Ta bibliographic block (references) |
.Pc |
|
and/or tail |
|
.Pq Sx \&Ec . |
|
.Bd -literal -offset indent |
|
\&.Yo \(lB\-arg \(lBparm...\(rB\(rB \(lBhead...\(rB |
|
\(lBbody...\(rB |
|
\&.Yc \(lBtail...\(rB |
|
|
|
\&.Yo \(lB\-arg \(lBparm...\(rB\(rB \(lBhead...\(rB \ |
|
\(lBbody...\(rB \&Yc \(lBtail...\(rB |
|
.Ed |
|
.Bl -column "MacroX" "CallableX" "ParsedX" "closed by XXXX" -offset indent |
|
.It Em Macro Ta Em Callable Ta Em Parsed Ta Em Scope |
|
.It Sx \&Ac Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta opened by Sx \&Ao |
|
.It Sx \&Ao Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta closed by Sx \&Ac |
|
.It Sx \&Bc Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta closed by Sx \&Bo |
|
.It Sx \&Bo Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta opened by Sx \&Bc |
|
.It Sx \&Brc Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta opened by Sx \&Bro |
|
.It Sx \&Bro Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta closed by Sx \&Brc |
|
.It Sx \&Dc Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta opened by Sx \&Do |
|
.It Sx \&Do Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta closed by Sx \&Dc |
|
.It Sx \&Ec Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta opened by Sx \&Eo |
|
.It Sx \&Eo Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta closed by Sx \&Ec |
|
.It Sx \&Fc Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta opened by Sx \&Fo |
|
.It Sx \&Fo Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta closed by Sx \&Fc |
|
.It Sx \&Oc Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta closed by Sx \&Oo |
|
.It Sx \&Oo Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta opened by Sx \&Oc |
|
.It Sx \&Pc Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta closed by Sx \&Po |
|
.It Sx \&Po Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta opened by Sx \&Pc |
|
.It Sx \&Qc Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta opened by Sx \&Oo |
|
.It Sx \&Qo Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta closed by Sx \&Oc |
|
.It Sx \&Re Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta opened by Sx \&Rs |
|
.It Sx \&Rs Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta closed by Sx \&Re |
|
.It Sx \&Sc Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta opened by Sx \&So |
|
.It Sx \&So Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta closed by Sx \&Sc |
|
.It Sx \&Xc Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta opened by Sx \&Xo |
|
.It Sx \&Xo Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta closed by Sx \&Xc |
|
.El |
.El |
.Ss Block partial-implicit |
.Ss Spacing control |
Like block full-implicit, but with single-line scope closed by the |
.Bl -column "Brq, Bro, Brc" description |
end of the line. |
.It Sx \&Pf Ta prefix, no following horizontal space (one argument) |
.Bd -literal -offset indent |
.It Sx \&Ns Ta roman font, no preceding horizontal space (no arguments) |
\&.Yo \(lB\-arg \(lBval...\(rB\(rB \(lBbody...\(rB \(lBres...\(rB |
.It Sx \&Ap Ta apostrophe without surrounding whitespace (no arguments) |
.Ed |
.It Sx \&Sm Ta switch horizontal spacing mode: Op Cm on | off |
.Bl -column "MacroX" "CallableX" "ParsedX" -offset indent |
.It Sx \&Bk , \&Ek Ta keep block: Fl words |
.It Em Macro Ta Em Callable Ta Em Parsed |
.It Sx \&br Ta force output line break in text mode (no arguments) |
.It Sx \&Aq Ta Yes Ta Yes |
.It Sx \&sp Ta force vertical space: Op Ar height |
.It Sx \&Bq Ta Yes Ta Yes |
|
.It Sx \&Brq Ta Yes Ta Yes |
|
.It Sx \&D1 Ta \&No Ta \&Yes |
|
.It Sx \&Dl Ta \&No Ta Yes |
|
.It Sx \&Dq Ta Yes Ta Yes |
|
.It Sx \&Op Ta Yes Ta Yes |
|
.It Sx \&Pq Ta Yes Ta Yes |
|
.It Sx \&Ql Ta Yes Ta Yes |
|
.It Sx \&Qq Ta Yes Ta Yes |
|
.It Sx \&Sq Ta Yes Ta Yes |
|
.It Sx \&Vt Ta Yes Ta Yes |
|
.El |
.El |
.Pp |
.Ss Semantic markup for command line utilities: |
Note that the |
.Bl -column "Brq, Bro, Brc" description |
.Sx \&Vt |
.It Sx \&Nm Ta start a SYNOPSIS block with the name of a utility |
macro is a |
.It Sx \&Fl Ta command line options (flags) (>=0 arguments) |
.Sx Block partial-implicit |
.It Sx \&Cm Ta command modifier (>0 arguments) |
only when invoked as the first macro |
.It Sx \&Ar Ta command arguments (>=0 arguments) |
in a |
.It Sx \&Op , \&Oo , \&Oc Ta optional syntax elements (enclosure) |
.Em SYNOPSIS |
.It Sx \&Ic Ta internal or interactive command (>0 arguments) |
section line, else it is |
.It Sx \&Ev Ta environmental variable (>0 arguments) |
.Sx In-line . |
.It Sx \&Pa Ta file system path (>=0 arguments) |
.Ss Special block macro |
|
The |
|
.Sx \&Ta |
|
macro can only be used below |
|
.Sx \&It |
|
in |
|
.Sx \&Bl Fl column |
|
lists. |
|
It delimits blocks representing table cells; |
|
these blocks have bodies, but no heads. |
|
.Bl -column "MacroX" "CallableX" "ParsedX" "closed by XXXX" -offset indent |
|
.It Em Macro Ta Em Callable Ta Em Parsed Ta Em Scope |
|
.It Sx \&Ta Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta closed by Sx \&Ta , Sx \&It |
|
.El |
.El |
.Ss In-line |
.Ss Semantic markup for function libraries: |
Closed by the end of the line, fixed argument lengths, |
.Bl -column "Brq, Bro, Brc" description |
and/or subsequent macros. |
.It Sx \&Lb Ta function library (one argument) |
In-line macros have only text children. |
.It Sx \&In Ta include file (one argument) |
If a number (or inequality) of arguments is |
.It Sx \&Fd Ta other preprocessor directive (>0 arguments) |
.Pq n , |
.It Sx \&Ft Ta function type (>0 arguments) |
then the macro accepts an arbitrary number of arguments. |
.It Sx \&Fo , \&Fc Ta function block: Ar funcname |
.Bd -literal -offset indent |
.It Sx \&Fn Ta function name: |
\&.Yo \(lB\-arg \(lBval...\(rB\(rB \(lBargs...\(rB \(lBres...\(rB |
.Op Ar functype |
|
.Ar funcname |
\&.Yo \(lB\-arg \(lBval...\(rB\(rB \(lBargs...\(rB Yc... |
.Oo |
|
.Op Ar argtype |
\&.Yo \(lB\-arg \(lBval...\(rB\(rB arg0 arg1 argN |
.Ar argname |
.Ed |
.Oc |
.Bl -column "MacroX" "CallableX" "ParsedX" "Arguments" -offset indent |
.It Sx \&Fa Ta function argument (>0 arguments) |
.It Em Macro Ta Em Callable Ta Em Parsed Ta Em Arguments |
.It Sx \&Vt Ta variable type (>0 arguments) |
.It Sx \&%A Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta >0 |
.It Sx \&Va Ta variable name (>0 arguments) |
.It Sx \&%B Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta >0 |
.It Sx \&Dv Ta defined variable or preprocessor constant (>0 arguments) |
.It Sx \&%C Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta >0 |
.It Sx \&Er Ta error constant (>0 arguments) |
.It Sx \&%D Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta >0 |
.It Sx \&Ev Ta environmental variable (>0 arguments) |
.It Sx \&%I Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta >0 |
|
.It Sx \&%J Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta >0 |
|
.It Sx \&%N Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta >0 |
|
.It Sx \&%O Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta >0 |
|
.It Sx \&%P Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta >0 |
|
.It Sx \&%Q Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta >0 |
|
.It Sx \&%R Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta >0 |
|
.It Sx \&%T Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta >0 |
|
.It Sx \&%U Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta >0 |
|
.It Sx \&%V Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta >0 |
|
.It Sx \&Ad Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta >0 |
|
.It Sx \&An Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta >0 |
|
.It Sx \&Ap Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta 0 |
|
.It Sx \&Ar Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta n |
|
.It Sx \&At Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta 1 |
|
.It Sx \&Bsx Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta n |
|
.It Sx \&Bt Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta 0 |
|
.It Sx \&Bx Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta n |
|
.It Sx \&Cd Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta >0 |
|
.It Sx \&Cm Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta >0 |
|
.It Sx \&Db Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta 1 |
|
.It Sx \&Dd Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta n |
|
.It Sx \&Dt Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta n |
|
.It Sx \&Dv Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta >0 |
|
.It Sx \&Dx Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta n |
|
.It Sx \&Em Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta >0 |
|
.It Sx \&En Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta 0 |
|
.It Sx \&Er Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta >0 |
|
.It Sx \&Es Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta 0 |
|
.It Sx \&Ev Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta >0 |
|
.It Sx \&Ex Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta n |
|
.It Sx \&Fa Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta >0 |
|
.It Sx \&Fd Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta >0 |
|
.It Sx \&Fl Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta n |
|
.It Sx \&Fn Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta >0 |
|
.It Sx \&Fr Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta n |
|
.It Sx \&Ft Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta >0 |
|
.It Sx \&Fx Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta n |
|
.It Sx \&Hf Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta n |
|
.It Sx \&Ic Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta >0 |
|
.It Sx \&In Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta 1 |
|
.It Sx \&Lb Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta 1 |
|
.It Sx \&Li Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta >0 |
|
.It Sx \&Lk Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta >0 |
|
.It Sx \&Lp Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta 0 |
|
.It Sx \&Ms Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta >0 |
|
.It Sx \&Mt Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta >0 |
|
.It Sx \&Nm Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta n |
|
.It Sx \&No Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta 0 |
|
.It Sx \&Ns Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta 0 |
|
.It Sx \&Nx Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta n |
|
.It Sx \&Os Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta n |
|
.It Sx \&Ot Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta n |
|
.It Sx \&Ox Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta n |
|
.It Sx \&Pa Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta n |
|
.It Sx \&Pf Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta 1 |
|
.It Sx \&Pp Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta 0 |
|
.It Sx \&Rv Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta n |
|
.It Sx \&Sm Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta 1 |
|
.It Sx \&St Ta \&No Ta Yes Ta 1 |
|
.It Sx \&Sx Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta >0 |
|
.It Sx \&Sy Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta >0 |
|
.It Sx \&Tn Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta >0 |
|
.It Sx \&Ud Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta 0 |
|
.It Sx \&Ux Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta n |
|
.It Sx \&Va Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta n |
|
.It Sx \&Vt Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta >0 |
|
.It Sx \&Xr Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta >0 |
|
.It Sx \&br Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta 0 |
|
.It Sx \&sp Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta 1 |
|
.El |
.El |
.Ss Delimiters |
.Ss Various semantic markup: |
When a macro argument consists of one single input character |
.Bl -column "Brq, Bro, Brc" description |
considered as a delimiter, the argument gets special handling. |
.It Sx \&An Ta author name (>0 arguments) |
This does not apply when delimiters appear in arguments containing |
.It Sx \&Lk Ta hyperlink: Ar uri Op Ar name |
more than one character. |
.It Sx \&Mt Ta Do mailto Dc hyperlink: Ar address |
Consequently, to prevent special handling and just handle it |
.It Sx \&Cd Ta kernel configuration declaration (>0 arguments) |
like any other argument, a delimiter can be escaped by prepending |
.It Sx \&Ad Ta memory address (>0 arguments) |
a zero-width space |
.It Sx \&Ms Ta mathematical symbol (>0 arguments) |
.Pq Sq \e& . |
|
In text lines, delimiters never need escaping, but may be used |
|
as normal punctuation. |
|
.Pp |
|
For many macros, when the leading arguments are opening delimiters, |
|
these delimiters are put before the macro scope, |
|
and when the trailing arguments are closing delimiters, |
|
these delimiters are put after the macro scope. |
|
For example, |
|
.Pp |
|
.D1 Pf \. \&Aq "( [ word ] ) ." |
|
.Pp |
|
renders as: |
|
.Pp |
|
.D1 Aq ( [ word ] ) . |
|
.Pp |
|
Opening delimiters are: |
|
.Pp |
|
.Bl -tag -width Ds -offset indent -compact |
|
.It \&( |
|
left parenthesis |
|
.It \&[ |
|
left bracket |
|
.El |
.El |
.Pp |
.Ss Physical markup |
Closing delimiters are: |
.Bl -column "Brq, Bro, Brc" description |
.Pp |
.It Sx \&Em Ta italic font or underline (emphasis) (>0 arguments) |
.Bl -tag -width Ds -offset indent -compact |
.It Sx \&Sy Ta boldface font (symbolic) (>0 arguments) |
.It \&. |
.It Sx \&Li Ta typewriter font (literal) (>0 arguments) |
period |
.It Sx \&No Ta return to roman font (normal) (no arguments) |
.It \&, |
.It Sx \&Bf , \&Ef Ta font block: |
comma |
.Op Fl Ar type | Cm \&Em | \&Li | \&Sy |
.It \&: |
|
colon |
|
.It \&; |
|
semicolon |
|
.It \&) |
|
right parenthesis |
|
.It \&] |
|
right bracket |
|
.It \&? |
|
question mark |
|
.It \&! |
|
exclamation mark |
|
.El |
.El |
.Pp |
.Ss Physical enclosures |
Note that even a period preceded by a backslash |
.Bl -column "Brq, Bro, Brc" description |
.Pq Sq \e.\& |
.It Sx \&Dq , \&Do , \&Dc Ta enclose in typographic double quotes: Dq text |
gets this special handling; use |
.It Sx \&Qq , \&Qo , \&Qc Ta enclose in typewriter double quotes: Qq text |
.Sq \e&. |
.It Sx \&Sq , \&So , \&Sc Ta enclose in single quotes: Sq text |
to prevent that. |
.It Sx \&Ql Ta single-quoted literal text: Ql text |
.Pp |
.It Sx \&Pq , \&Po , \&Pc Ta enclose in parentheses: Pq text |
Many in-line macros interrupt their scope when they encounter |
.It Sx \&Bq , \&Bo , \&Bc Ta enclose in square brackets: Bq text |
delimiters, and resume their scope when more arguments follow that |
.It Sx \&Brq , \&Bro , \&Brc Ta enclose in curly braces: Brq text |
are not delimiters. |
.It Sx \&Aq , \&Ao , \&Ac Ta enclose in angle brackets: Aq text |
For example, |
.It Sx \&Eo , \&Ec Ta generic enclosure |
.Pp |
|
.D1 Pf \. \&Fl "a ( b | c \e*(Ba d ) e" |
|
.Pp |
|
renders as: |
|
.Pp |
|
.D1 Fl a ( b | c \*(Ba d ) e |
|
.Pp |
|
This applies to both opening and closing delimiters, |
|
and also to the middle delimiter: |
|
.Pp |
|
.Bl -tag -width Ds -offset indent -compact |
|
.It \&| |
|
vertical bar |
|
.El |
.El |
.Pp |
.Ss Text production |
As a special case, the predefined string \e*(Ba is handled and rendered |
.Bl -column "Brq, Bro, Brc" description |
in the same way as a plain |
.It Sx \&Ex Fl std Ta standard command exit values: Op Ar utility ... |
.Sq \&| |
.It Sx \&Rv Fl std Ta standard function return values: Op Ar function ... |
character. |
.It Sx \&St Ta reference to a standards document (one argument) |
Using this predefined string is not recommended in new manuals. |
.It Sx \&At Ta At |
.Sh REFERENCE |
.It Sx \&Bx Ta Bx |
|
.It Sx \&Bsx Ta Bsx |
|
.It Sx \&Nx Ta Nx |
|
.It Sx \&Fx Ta Fx |
|
.It Sx \&Ox Ta Ox |
|
.It Sx \&Dx Ta Dx |
|
.El |
|
.Sh MACRO REFERENCE |
This section is a canonical reference of all macros, arranged |
This section is a canonical reference of all macros, arranged |
alphabetically. |
alphabetically. |
For the scoping of individual macros, see |
For the scoping of individual macros, see |
Line 1122 for all other author listings. |
|
Line 667 for all other author listings. |
|
.Pp |
.Pp |
Examples: |
Examples: |
.Dl \&.An -nosplit |
.Dl \&.An -nosplit |
.Dl \&.An Kristaps Dzonsons \&Aq kristaps@bsd.lv |
.Dl \&.An Kristaps Dzonsons \&Aq \&Mt kristaps@bsd.lv |
.Ss \&Ao |
.Ss \&Ao |
Begin a block enclosed by angle brackets. |
Begin a block enclosed by angle brackets. |
Does not have any head arguments. |
Does not have any head arguments. |
Line 1176 for fixed strings to be passed verbatim as arguments, |
|
Line 721 for fixed strings to be passed verbatim as arguments, |
|
or |
or |
.Sx \&Cm . |
.Sx \&Cm . |
.Ss \&At |
.Ss \&At |
Formats an AT&T version. |
Formats an |
|
.At |
|
version. |
Accepts one optional argument: |
Accepts one optional argument: |
.Pp |
.Pp |
.Bl -tag -width "v[1-7] | 32vX" -offset indent -compact |
.Bl -tag -width "v[1-7] | 32vX" -offset indent -compact |
|
|
.Sx \&Dx , |
.Sx \&Dx , |
.Sx \&Fx , |
.Sx \&Fx , |
.Sx \&Nx , |
.Sx \&Nx , |
.Sx \&Ox , |
|
and |
and |
.Sx \&Ux . |
.Sx \&Ox . |
.Ss \&Bc |
.Ss \&Bc |
Close a |
Close a |
.Sx \&Bo |
.Sx \&Bo |
Line 1285 The most popular is the imaginary macro |
|
Line 831 The most popular is the imaginary macro |
|
which resolves to |
which resolves to |
.Sy 6n . |
.Sy 6n . |
.It |
.It |
A width using the syntax described in |
A scaling width as described in |
.Sx Scaling Widths . |
.Xr roff 7 . |
.It |
.It |
An arbitrary string, which indents by the length of this string. |
An arbitrary string, which indents by the length of this string. |
.El |
.El |
|
|
.Fl width |
.Fl width |
and |
and |
.Fl offset |
.Fl offset |
arguments accept |
arguments accept macro names as described for |
.Sx Scaling Widths |
.Sx \&Bd |
|
.Fl offset , |
|
scaling widths as described in |
|
.Xr roff 7 , |
or use the length of the given string. |
or use the length of the given string. |
The |
The |
.Fl offset |
.Fl offset |
Line 1421 A columnated list. |
|
Line 970 A columnated list. |
|
The |
The |
.Fl width |
.Fl width |
argument has no effect; instead, each argument specifies the width |
argument has no effect; instead, each argument specifies the width |
of one column, using either the |
of one column, using either the scaling width syntax described in |
.Sx Scaling Widths |
.Xr roff 7 |
syntax or the string length of the argument. |
or the string length of the argument. |
If the first line of the body of a |
If the first line of the body of a |
.Fl column |
.Fl column |
list is not an |
list is not an |
|
|
See also |
See also |
.Sx \&Bro . |
.Sx \&Bro . |
.Ss \&Bsx |
.Ss \&Bsx |
Format the BSD/OS version provided as an argument, or a default value if |
Format the |
|
.Bsx |
|
version provided as an argument, or a default value if |
no argument is provided. |
no argument is provided. |
.Pp |
.Pp |
Examples: |
Examples: |
|
|
.Sx \&Dx , |
.Sx \&Dx , |
.Sx \&Fx , |
.Sx \&Fx , |
.Sx \&Nx , |
.Sx \&Nx , |
.Sx \&Ox , |
|
and |
and |
.Sx \&Ux . |
.Sx \&Ox . |
.Ss \&Bt |
.Ss \&Bt |
|
Supported only for compatibility, do not use this in new manuals. |
Prints |
Prints |
.Dq is currently in beta test. |
.Dq is currently in beta test. |
.Ss \&Bx |
.Ss \&Bx |
Format the BSD version provided as an argument, or a default value if no |
Format the |
|
.Bx |
|
version provided as an argument, or a default value if no |
argument is provided. |
argument is provided. |
.Pp |
.Pp |
Examples: |
Examples: |
|
|
.Sx \&Dx , |
.Sx \&Dx , |
.Sx \&Fx , |
.Sx \&Fx , |
.Sx \&Nx , |
.Sx \&Nx , |
.Sx \&Ox , |
|
and |
and |
.Sx \&Ux . |
.Sx \&Ox . |
.Ss \&Cd |
.Ss \&Cd |
Kernel configuration declaration. |
Kernel configuration declaration. |
This denotes strings accepted by |
This denotes strings accepted by |
|
|
and |
and |
.Sx \&Dl . |
.Sx \&Dl . |
.Ss \&Db |
.Ss \&Db |
Switch debugging mode. |
This macro is obsolete. |
Its syntax is as follows: |
No replacement is needed. |
.Pp |
It is ignored by |
.D1 Pf \. Sx \&Db Cm on | off |
.Xr mandoc 1 |
.Pp |
and groff including its arguments. |
This macro is ignored by |
It was formerly used to toggle a debugging mode. |
.Xr mandoc 1 . |
|
.Ss \&Dc |
.Ss \&Dc |
Close a |
Close a |
.Sx \&Do |
.Sx \&Do |
block. |
block. |
Does not have any tail arguments. |
Does not have any tail arguments. |
.Ss \&Dd |
.Ss \&Dd |
Document date. |
Document date for display in the page footer. |
This is the mandatory first macro of any |
This is the mandatory first macro of any |
.Nm |
.Nm |
manual. |
manual. |
Line 1675 the special string |
|
Line 1226 the special string |
|
.Dq $\&Mdocdate$ |
.Dq $\&Mdocdate$ |
can be given as an argument. |
can be given as an argument. |
.It |
.It |
A few alternative date formats are accepted as well |
The traditional, purely numeric |
and converted to the standard form. |
.Xr man 7 |
|
format |
|
.Ar year Ns \(en Ns Ar month Ns \(en Ns Ar day |
|
is accepted, too. |
.It |
.It |
If a date string cannot be parsed, it is used verbatim. |
If a date string cannot be parsed, it is used verbatim. |
.It |
.It |
|
|
and |
and |
.Sx \&Os . |
.Sx \&Os . |
.Ss \&Dl |
.Ss \&Dl |
One-line intended display. |
One-line indented display. |
This is formatted as literal text and is useful for commands and |
This is formatted as literal text and is useful for commands and |
invocations. |
invocations. |
It is followed by a newline. |
It is followed by a newline. |
|
|
and |
and |
.Sx \&Do . |
.Sx \&Do . |
.Ss \&Dt |
.Ss \&Dt |
Document title. |
Document title for display in the page header. |
This is the mandatory second macro of any |
This is the mandatory second macro of any |
.Nm |
.Nm |
file. |
file. |
Its syntax is as follows: |
Its syntax is as follows: |
.Bd -ragged -offset indent |
.Bd -ragged -offset indent |
.Pf \. Sx \&Dt |
.Pf \. Sx \&Dt |
.Oo |
.Ar TITLE |
.Ar title |
|
.Oo |
|
.Ar section |
.Ar section |
.Op Ar volume | arch |
.Op Ar volume | arch |
.Oc |
|
.Oc |
|
.Ed |
.Ed |
.Pp |
.Pp |
Its arguments are as follows: |
Its arguments are as follows: |
.Bl -tag -width Ds -offset Ds |
.Bl -tag -width section -offset 2n |
.It Ar title |
.It Ar TITLE |
The document's title (name), defaulting to |
The document's title (name), defaulting to |
.Dq UNKNOWN |
.Dq UNTITLED |
if unspecified. |
if unspecified. |
It should be capitalised. |
To achieve a uniform appearance of page header lines, |
|
it should by convention be all caps. |
.It Ar section |
.It Ar section |
The manual section. |
The manual section. |
This may be one of |
This may be one of |
.Ar 1 |
.Cm 1 |
.Pq utilities , |
.Pq utilities , |
.Ar 2 |
.Cm 2 |
.Pq system calls , |
.Pq system calls , |
.Ar 3 |
.Cm 3 |
.Pq libraries , |
.Pq libraries , |
.Ar 3p |
.Cm 3p |
.Pq Perl libraries , |
.Pq Perl libraries , |
.Ar 4 |
.Cm 4 |
.Pq devices , |
.Pq devices , |
.Ar 5 |
.Cm 5 |
.Pq file formats , |
.Pq file formats , |
.Ar 6 |
.Cm 6 |
.Pq games , |
.Pq games , |
.Ar 7 |
.Cm 7 |
.Pq miscellaneous , |
.Pq miscellaneous , |
.Ar 8 |
.Cm 8 |
.Pq system utilities , |
.Pq system utilities , |
.Ar 9 |
.Cm 9 |
.Pq kernel functions , |
.Pq kernel functions , |
.Ar X11 |
.Cm X11 |
.Pq X Window System , |
.Pq X Window System , |
.Ar X11R6 |
.Cm X11R6 |
.Pq X Window System , |
.Pq X Window System , |
.Ar unass |
.Cm unass |
.Pq unassociated , |
.Pq unassociated , |
.Ar local |
.Cm local |
.Pq local system , |
.Pq local system , |
.Ar draft |
.Cm draft |
.Pq draft manual , |
.Pq draft manual , |
or |
or |
.Ar paper |
.Cm paper |
.Pq paper . |
.Pq paper . |
It should correspond to the manual's filename suffix and defaults to |
It should correspond to the manual's filename suffix and defaults to |
.Dq 1 |
the empty string if unspecified. |
if unspecified. |
|
.It Ar volume |
.It Ar volume |
This overrides the volume inferred from |
This overrides the volume inferred from |
.Ar section . |
.Ar section . |
This field is optional, and if specified, must be one of |
This field is optional, and if specified, must be one of |
.Ar USD |
.Cm USD |
.Pq users' supplementary documents , |
.Pq users' supplementary documents , |
.Ar PS1 |
.Cm PS1 |
.Pq programmers' supplementary documents , |
.Pq programmers' supplementary documents , |
.Ar AMD |
.Cm AMD |
.Pq administrators' supplementary documents , |
.Pq administrators' supplementary documents , |
.Ar SMM |
.Cm SMM |
.Pq system managers' manuals , |
.Pq system managers' manuals , |
.Ar URM |
.Cm URM |
.Pq users' reference manuals , |
.Pq users' reference manuals , |
.Ar PRM |
.Cm PRM |
.Pq programmers' reference manuals , |
.Pq programmers' reference manuals , |
.Ar KM |
.Cm KM |
.Pq kernel manuals , |
.Pq kernel manuals , |
.Ar IND |
.Cm IND |
.Pq master index , |
.Pq master index , |
.Ar MMI |
.Cm MMI |
.Pq master index , |
.Pq master index , |
.Ar LOCAL |
.Cm LOCAL |
.Pq local manuals , |
.Pq local manuals , |
.Ar LOC |
.Cm LOC |
.Pq local manuals , |
.Pq local manuals , |
or |
or |
.Ar CON |
.Cm CON |
.Pq contributed manuals . |
.Pq contributed manuals . |
.It Ar arch |
.It Ar arch |
This specifies a specific relevant architecture. |
This specifies the machine architecture a manual page applies to, |
If |
where relevant, for example |
.Ar volume |
.Cm alpha , |
is not provided, it may be used in its place, else it may be used |
.Cm amd64 , |
subsequent that. |
.Cm i386 , |
It, too, is optional. |
|
It must be one of |
|
.Ar alpha , |
|
.Ar amd64 , |
|
.Ar amiga , |
|
.Ar arc , |
|
.Ar arm , |
|
.Ar armish , |
|
.Ar aviion , |
|
.Ar hp300 , |
|
.Ar hppa , |
|
.Ar hppa64 , |
|
.Ar i386 , |
|
.Ar landisk , |
|
.Ar loongson , |
|
.Ar luna88k , |
|
.Ar mac68k , |
|
.Ar macppc , |
|
.Ar mips64 , |
|
.Ar mvme68k , |
|
.Ar mvme88k , |
|
.Ar mvmeppc , |
|
.Ar pmax , |
|
.Ar sgi , |
|
.Ar socppc , |
|
.Ar sparc , |
|
.Ar sparc64 , |
|
.Ar sun3 , |
|
.Ar vax , |
|
or |
or |
.Ar zaurus . |
.Cm sparc64 . |
|
The list of valid architectures varies by operating system. |
.El |
.El |
.Pp |
.Pp |
Examples: |
Examples: |
|
|
.Sx \&Er |
.Sx \&Er |
and |
and |
.Sx \&Ev |
.Sx \&Ev |
for special-purpose constants and |
for special-purpose constants, |
.Sx \&Va |
.Sx \&Va |
for variable symbols. |
for variable symbols, and |
|
.Sx \&Fd |
|
for listing preprocessor variable definitions in the |
|
.Em SYNOPSIS . |
.Ss \&Dx |
.Ss \&Dx |
Format the DragonFly BSD version provided as an argument, or a default |
Format the |
|
.Dx |
|
version provided as an argument, or a default |
value if no argument is provided. |
value if no argument is provided. |
.Pp |
.Pp |
Examples: |
Examples: |
|
|
.Sx \&Bx , |
.Sx \&Bx , |
.Sx \&Fx , |
.Sx \&Fx , |
.Sx \&Nx , |
.Sx \&Nx , |
.Sx \&Ox , |
|
and |
and |
.Sx \&Ux . |
.Sx \&Ox . |
.Ss \&Ec |
.Ss \&Ec |
Close a scope started by |
Close a scope started by |
.Sx \&Eo . |
.Sx \&Eo . |
|
|
and |
and |
.Sx \&It . |
.Sx \&It . |
.Ss \&Em |
.Ss \&Em |
Denotes text that should be |
Request an italic font. |
.Em emphasised . |
If the output device does not provide that, underline. |
Note that this is a presentation term and should not be used for |
|
stylistically decorating technical terms. |
|
Depending on the output device, this is usually represented |
|
using an italic font or underlined characters. |
|
.Pp |
.Pp |
|
This is most often used for stress emphasis (not to be confused with |
|
importance, see |
|
.Sx \&Sy ) . |
|
In the rare cases where none of the semantic markup macros fit, |
|
it can also be used for technical terms and placeholders, except |
|
that for syntax elements, |
|
.Sx \&Sy |
|
and |
|
.Sx \&Ar |
|
are preferred, respectively. |
|
.Pp |
Examples: |
Examples: |
.Dl \&.Em Warnings! |
.Bd -literal -compact -offset indent |
.Dl \&.Em Remarks : |
Selected lines are those |
|
\&.Em not |
|
matching any of the specified patterns. |
|
Some of the functions use a |
|
\&.Em hold space |
|
to save the pattern space for subsequent retrieval. |
|
.Ed |
.Pp |
.Pp |
See also |
See also |
.Sx \&Bf , |
.Sx \&Bf , |
|
|
and |
and |
.Sx \&Sy . |
.Sx \&Sy . |
.Ss \&En |
.Ss \&En |
This macro is obsolete and not implemented in |
This macro is obsolete. |
.Xr mandoc 1 . |
Use |
|
.Sx \&Eo |
|
or any of the other enclosure macros. |
|
.Pp |
|
It encloses its argument in the delimiters specified by the last |
|
.Sx \&Es |
|
macro. |
.Ss \&Eo |
.Ss \&Eo |
An arbitrary enclosure. |
An arbitrary enclosure. |
Its syntax is as follows: |
Its syntax is as follows: |
|
|
.Sx \&Dv |
.Sx \&Dv |
for general constants. |
for general constants. |
.Ss \&Es |
.Ss \&Es |
This macro is obsolete and not implemented. |
This macro is obsolete. |
|
Use |
|
.Sx \&Eo |
|
or any of the other enclosure macros. |
|
.Pp |
|
It takes two arguments, defining the delimiters to be used by subsequent |
|
.Sx \&En |
|
macros. |
.Ss \&Ev |
.Ss \&Ev |
Environmental variables such as those specified in |
Environmental variables such as those specified in |
.Xr environ 7 . |
.Xr environ 7 . |
Line 2015 arguments are treated as separate utilities. |
|
Line 1567 arguments are treated as separate utilities. |
|
See also |
See also |
.Sx \&Rv . |
.Sx \&Rv . |
.Ss \&Fa |
.Ss \&Fa |
Function argument. |
Function argument or parameter. |
Its syntax is as follows: |
Its syntax is as follows: |
.Bd -ragged -offset indent |
.Bd -ragged -offset indent |
.Pf \. Sx \&Fa |
.Pf \. Sx \&Fa |
.Op Cm argtype |
.Qo |
.Cm argname |
.Op Ar argtype |
|
.Op Ar argname |
|
.Qc Ar \&... |
.Ed |
.Ed |
.Pp |
.Pp |
This may be invoked for names with or without the corresponding type. |
Each argument may be a name and a type (recommended for the |
It is also used to specify the field name of a structure. |
.Em SYNOPSIS |
|
section), a name alone (for function invocations), |
|
or a type alone (for function prototypes). |
|
If both a type and a name are given or if the type consists of multiple |
|
words, all words belonging to the same function argument have to be |
|
given in a single argument to the |
|
.Sx \&Fa |
|
macro. |
|
.Pp |
|
This macro is also used to specify the field name of a structure. |
|
.Pp |
Most often, the |
Most often, the |
.Sx \&Fa |
.Sx \&Fa |
macro is used in the |
macro is used in the |
.Em SYNOPSIS |
.Em SYNOPSIS |
within |
within |
.Sx \&Fo |
.Sx \&Fo |
section when documenting multi-line function prototypes. |
blocks when documenting multi-line function prototypes. |
If invoked with multiple arguments, the arguments are separated by a |
If invoked with multiple arguments, the arguments are separated by a |
comma. |
comma. |
Furthermore, if the following macro is another |
Furthermore, if the following macro is another |
Line 2041 the last argument will also have a trailing comma. |
|
Line 1605 the last argument will also have a trailing comma. |
|
Examples: |
Examples: |
.Dl \&.Fa \(dqconst char *p\(dq |
.Dl \&.Fa \(dqconst char *p\(dq |
.Dl \&.Fa \(dqint a\(dq \(dqint b\(dq \(dqint c\(dq |
.Dl \&.Fa \(dqint a\(dq \(dqint b\(dq \(dqint c\(dq |
.Dl \&.Fa foo |
.Dl \&.Fa \(dqchar *\(dq size_t |
.Pp |
.Pp |
See also |
See also |
.Sx \&Fo . |
.Sx \&Fo . |
|
|
End a function context started by |
End a function context started by |
.Sx \&Fo . |
.Sx \&Fo . |
.Ss \&Fd |
.Ss \&Fd |
Historically used to document include files. |
Preprocessor directive, in particular for listing it in the |
This usage has been deprecated in favour of |
.Em SYNOPSIS . |
|
Historically, it was also used to document include files. |
|
The latter usage has been deprecated in favour of |
.Sx \&In . |
.Sx \&In . |
Do not use this macro. |
|
.Pp |
.Pp |
|
Its syntax is as follows: |
|
.Bd -ragged -offset indent |
|
.Pf \. Sx \&Fd |
|
.Li # Ns Ar directive |
|
.Op Ar argument ... |
|
.Ed |
|
.Pp |
|
Examples: |
|
.Dl \&.Fd #define sa_handler __sigaction_u.__sa_handler |
|
.Dl \&.Fd #define SIO_MAXNFDS |
|
.Dl \&.Fd #ifdef FS_DEBUG |
|
.Dl \&.Ft void |
|
.Dl \&.Fn dbg_open \(dqconst char *\(dq |
|
.Dl \&.Fd #endif |
|
.Pp |
See also |
See also |
.Sx MANUAL STRUCTURE |
.Sx MANUAL STRUCTURE , |
|
.Sx \&In , |
and |
and |
.Sx \&In . |
.Sx \&Dv . |
.Ss \&Fl |
.Ss \&Fl |
Command-line flag or option. |
Command-line flag or option. |
Used when listing arguments to command-line utilities. |
Used when listing arguments to command-line utilities. |
Line 2127 Invocations usually occur in the following context: |
|
Line 1708 Invocations usually occur in the following context: |
|
.br |
.br |
.Pf \. Sx \&Fo Ar funcname |
.Pf \. Sx \&Fo Ar funcname |
.br |
.br |
.Pf \. Sx \&Fa Oo Ar argtype Oc Ar argname |
.Pf \. Sx \&Fa Qq Ar argtype Ar argname |
.br |
.br |
\&.\.\. |
\&.\.\. |
.br |
.br |
|
|
and |
and |
.Sx \&Ft . |
.Sx \&Ft . |
.Ss \&Fr |
.Ss \&Fr |
This macro is obsolete and not implemented in |
This macro is obsolete. |
.Xr mandoc 1 . |
No replacement markup is needed. |
.Pp |
.Pp |
It was used to show function return values. |
It was used to show numerical function return values in an italic font. |
The syntax was: |
|
.Pp |
|
.Dl Pf . Sx \&Fr Ar value |
|
.Ss \&Ft |
.Ss \&Ft |
A function type. |
A function type. |
Its syntax is as follows: |
Its syntax is as follows: |
|
|
.Sx \&Bx , |
.Sx \&Bx , |
.Sx \&Dx , |
.Sx \&Dx , |
.Sx \&Nx , |
.Sx \&Nx , |
.Sx \&Ox , |
|
and |
and |
.Sx \&Ux . |
.Sx \&Ox . |
.Ss \&Hf |
.Ss \&Hf |
This macro is not implemented in |
This macro is not implemented in |
.Xr mandoc 1 . |
.Xr mandoc 1 . |
Line 2302 line itself; on following lines, only the |
|
Line 1879 line itself; on following lines, only the |
|
.Sx \&Ta |
.Sx \&Ta |
macro can be used to delimit cells, and |
macro can be used to delimit cells, and |
.Sx \&Ta |
.Sx \&Ta |
is only recognized as a macro when called by other macros, |
is only recognised as a macro when called by other macros, |
not as the first macro on a line. |
not as the first macro on a line. |
.Pp |
.Pp |
Note that quoted strings may span tab-delimited cells on an |
Note that quoted strings may span tab-delimited cells on an |
Line 2338 section as described in |
|
Line 1915 section as described in |
|
.Pp |
.Pp |
Examples: |
Examples: |
.Dl \&.Lb libz |
.Dl \&.Lb libz |
.Dl \&.Lb mdoc |
.Dl \&.Lb libmandoc |
.Ss \&Li |
.Ss \&Li |
Denotes text that should be in a |
Denotes text that should be in a |
.Li literal |
.Li literal |
Line 2389 Its syntax is as follows: |
|
Line 1966 Its syntax is as follows: |
|
.Pp |
.Pp |
Examples: |
Examples: |
.Dl \&.Mt discuss@manpages.bsd.lv |
.Dl \&.Mt discuss@manpages.bsd.lv |
|
.Dl \&.An Kristaps Dzonsons \&Aq \&Mt kristaps@bsd.lv |
.Ss \&Nd |
.Ss \&Nd |
A one line description of the manual's content. |
A one line description of the manual's content. |
This may only be invoked in the |
This may only be invoked in the |
|
|
.Sx \&Bx , |
.Sx \&Bx , |
.Sx \&Dx , |
.Sx \&Dx , |
.Sx \&Fx , |
.Sx \&Fx , |
.Sx \&Ox , |
|
and |
and |
.Sx \&Ux . |
.Sx \&Ox . |
.Ss \&Oc |
.Ss \&Oc |
Close multi-line |
Close multi-line |
.Sx \&Oo |
.Sx \&Oo |
|
|
See also |
See also |
.Sx \&Oo . |
.Sx \&Oo . |
.Ss \&Os |
.Ss \&Os |
Document operating system version. |
Operating system version for display in the page footer. |
This is the mandatory third macro of |
This is the mandatory third macro of |
any |
any |
.Nm |
.Nm |
|
|
and |
and |
.Sx \&Dt . |
.Sx \&Dt . |
.Ss \&Ot |
.Ss \&Ot |
This macro is obsolete and not implemented in |
This macro is obsolete. |
.Xr mandoc 1 . |
Use |
|
.Sx \&Ft |
|
instead; with |
|
.Xr mandoc 1 , |
|
both have the same effect. |
.Pp |
.Pp |
Historical |
Historical |
.Xr mdoc 7 |
.Nm |
packages described it as |
packages described it as |
.Dq "old function type (FORTRAN)" . |
.Dq "old function type (FORTRAN)" . |
.Ss \&Ox |
.Ss \&Ox |
|
|
.Sx \&Bx , |
.Sx \&Bx , |
.Sx \&Dx , |
.Sx \&Dx , |
.Sx \&Fx , |
.Sx \&Fx , |
.Sx \&Nx , |
|
and |
and |
.Sx \&Ux . |
.Sx \&Nx . |
.Ss \&Pa |
.Ss \&Pa |
An absolute or relative file system path, or a file or directory name. |
An absolute or relative file system path, or a file or directory name. |
If an argument is not provided, the character |
If an argument is not provided, the character |
|
|
Switches the spacing mode for output generated from macros. |
Switches the spacing mode for output generated from macros. |
Its syntax is as follows: |
Its syntax is as follows: |
.Pp |
.Pp |
.D1 Pf \. Sx \&Sm Cm on | off |
.D1 Pf \. Sx \&Sm Op Cm on | off |
.Pp |
.Pp |
By default, spacing is |
By default, spacing is |
.Cm on . |
.Cm on . |
|
|
no white space is inserted between macro arguments and between the |
no white space is inserted between macro arguments and between the |
output generated from adjacent macros, but text lines |
output generated from adjacent macros, but text lines |
still get normal spacing between words and sentences. |
still get normal spacing between words and sentences. |
|
.Pp |
|
When called without an argument, the |
|
.Sx \&Sm |
|
macro toggles the spacing mode. |
|
Using this is not recommended because it makes the code harder to read. |
.Ss \&So |
.Ss \&So |
Multi-line version of |
Multi-line version of |
.Sx \&Sq . |
.Sx \&Sq . |
|
|
.Sx \&Sx . |
.Sx \&Sx . |
.Ss \&St |
.Ss \&St |
Replace an abbreviation for a standard with the full form. |
Replace an abbreviation for a standard with the full form. |
The following standards are recognised: |
The following standards are recognised. |
|
Where multiple lines are given without a blank line in between, |
|
they all refer to the same standard, and using the first form |
|
is recommended. |
|
.Bl -tag -width 1n |
|
.It C language standards |
.Pp |
.Pp |
.Bl -tag -width "-p1003.1g-2000X" -compact |
.Bl -tag -width "-p1003.1g-2000" -compact |
.It \-p1003.1-88 |
.It \-ansiC |
.St -p1003.1-88 |
.St -ansiC |
.It \-p1003.1-90 |
.It \-ansiC-89 |
.St -p1003.1-90 |
.St -ansiC-89 |
.It \-p1003.1-96 |
|
.St -p1003.1-96 |
|
.It \-p1003.1-2001 |
|
.St -p1003.1-2001 |
|
.It \-p1003.1-2004 |
|
.St -p1003.1-2004 |
|
.It \-p1003.1-2008 |
|
.St -p1003.1-2008 |
|
.It \-p1003.1 |
|
.St -p1003.1 |
|
.It \-p1003.1b |
|
.St -p1003.1b |
|
.It \-p1003.1b-93 |
|
.St -p1003.1b-93 |
|
.It \-p1003.1c-95 |
|
.St -p1003.1c-95 |
|
.It \-p1003.1g-2000 |
|
.St -p1003.1g-2000 |
|
.It \-p1003.1i-95 |
|
.St -p1003.1i-95 |
|
.It \-p1003.2-92 |
|
.St -p1003.2-92 |
|
.It \-p1003.2a-92 |
|
.St -p1003.2a-92 |
|
.It \-p1387.2-95 |
|
.St -p1387.2-95 |
|
.It \-p1003.2 |
|
.St -p1003.2 |
|
.It \-p1387.2 |
|
.St -p1387.2 |
|
.It \-isoC |
.It \-isoC |
.St -isoC |
.St -isoC |
.It \-isoC-90 |
.It \-isoC-90 |
.St -isoC-90 |
.St -isoC-90 |
|
.br |
|
The original C standard. |
|
.Pp |
.It \-isoC-amd1 |
.It \-isoC-amd1 |
.St -isoC-amd1 |
.St -isoC-amd1 |
|
.Pp |
.It \-isoC-tcor1 |
.It \-isoC-tcor1 |
.St -isoC-tcor1 |
.St -isoC-tcor1 |
|
.Pp |
.It \-isoC-tcor2 |
.It \-isoC-tcor2 |
.St -isoC-tcor2 |
.St -isoC-tcor2 |
|
.Pp |
.It \-isoC-99 |
.It \-isoC-99 |
.St -isoC-99 |
.St -isoC-99 |
|
.It \-ansiC-99 |
|
.St -ansiC-99 |
|
.br |
|
The second major version of the C language standard. |
|
.Pp |
|
.It \-isoC-2011 |
|
.St -isoC-2011 |
|
.br |
|
The third major version of the C language standard. |
|
.El |
|
.It POSIX.1 before the Single UNIX Specification |
|
.Pp |
|
.Bl -tag -width "-p1003.1g-2000" -compact |
|
.It \-p1003.1-88 |
|
.St -p1003.1-88 |
|
.It \-p1003.1 |
|
.St -p1003.1 |
|
.br |
|
The original POSIX standard, based on ANSI C. |
|
.Pp |
|
.It \-p1003.1-90 |
|
.St -p1003.1-90 |
.It \-iso9945-1-90 |
.It \-iso9945-1-90 |
.St -iso9945-1-90 |
.St -iso9945-1-90 |
|
.br |
|
The first update of POSIX.1. |
|
.Pp |
|
.It \-p1003.1b-93 |
|
.St -p1003.1b-93 |
|
.It \-p1003.1b |
|
.St -p1003.1b |
|
.br |
|
Real-time extensions. |
|
.Pp |
|
.It \-p1003.1c-95 |
|
.St -p1003.1c-95 |
|
.br |
|
POSIX thread interfaces. |
|
.Pp |
|
.It \-p1003.1i-95 |
|
.St -p1003.1i-95 |
|
.br |
|
Technical Corrigendum. |
|
.Pp |
|
.It \-p1003.1-96 |
|
.St -p1003.1-96 |
.It \-iso9945-1-96 |
.It \-iso9945-1-96 |
.St -iso9945-1-96 |
.St -iso9945-1-96 |
.It \-iso9945-2-93 |
.br |
.St -iso9945-2-93 |
Includes POSIX.1-1990, 1b, 1c, and 1i. |
.It \-ansiC |
.El |
.St -ansiC |
.It X/Open Portability Guide version 4 and related standards |
.It \-ansiC-89 |
.Pp |
.St -ansiC-89 |
.Bl -tag -width "-p1003.1g-2000" -compact |
.It \-ansiC-99 |
|
.St -ansiC-99 |
|
.It \-ieee754 |
|
.St -ieee754 |
|
.It \-iso8802-3 |
|
.St -iso8802-3 |
|
.It \-ieee1275-94 |
|
.St -ieee1275-94 |
|
.It \-xpg3 |
.It \-xpg3 |
.St -xpg3 |
.St -xpg3 |
|
.br |
|
An XPG4 precursor, published in 1989. |
|
.Pp |
|
.It \-p1003.2 |
|
.St -p1003.2 |
|
.It \-p1003.2-92 |
|
.St -p1003.2-92 |
|
.It \-iso9945-2-93 |
|
.St -iso9945-2-93 |
|
.br |
|
An XCU4 precursor. |
|
.Pp |
|
.It \-p1003.2a-92 |
|
.St -p1003.2a-92 |
|
.br |
|
Updates to POSIX.2. |
|
.Pp |
.It \-xpg4 |
.It \-xpg4 |
.St -xpg4 |
.St -xpg4 |
|
.br |
|
Based on POSIX.1 and POSIX.2, published in 1992. |
|
.El |
|
.It Single UNIX Specification version 1 and related standards |
|
.Pp |
|
.Bl -tag -width "-p1003.1g-2000" -compact |
|
.It \-susv1 |
|
.St -susv1 |
.It \-xpg4.2 |
.It \-xpg4.2 |
.St -xpg4.2 |
.St -xpg4.2 |
|
.br |
|
This standard was published in 1994. |
|
It was used as the basis for UNIX 95 certification. |
|
The following three refer to parts of it. |
|
.Pp |
|
.It \-xsh4.2 |
|
.St -xsh4.2 |
|
.Pp |
|
.It \-xcurses4.2 |
|
.St -xcurses4.2 |
|
.Pp |
|
.It \-p1003.1g-2000 |
|
.St -p1003.1g-2000 |
|
.br |
|
Networking APIs, including sockets. |
|
.Pp |
.It \-xpg4.3 |
.It \-xpg4.3 |
.St -xpg4.3 |
.St -xpg4.3 |
|
.Pp |
|
.It \-svid4 |
|
.St -svid4 , |
|
.br |
|
Published in 1995. |
|
.El |
|
.It Single UNIX Specification version 2 and related standards |
|
.Pp |
|
.Bl -tag -width "-p1003.1g-2000" -compact |
|
.It \-susv2 |
|
.St -susv2 |
|
This Standard was published in 1997 |
|
and is also called X/Open Portability Guide version 5. |
|
It was used as the basis for UNIX 98 certification. |
|
The following refer to parts of it. |
|
.Pp |
.It \-xbd5 |
.It \-xbd5 |
.St -xbd5 |
.St -xbd5 |
.It \-xcu5 |
.Pp |
.St -xcu5 |
|
.It \-xsh5 |
.It \-xsh5 |
.St -xsh5 |
.St -xsh5 |
|
.Pp |
|
.It \-xcu5 |
|
.St -xcu5 |
|
.Pp |
.It \-xns5 |
.It \-xns5 |
.St -xns5 |
.St -xns5 |
.It \-xns5.2 |
.It \-xns5.2 |
.St -xns5.2 |
.St -xns5.2 |
.It \-xns5.2d2.0 |
.El |
.St -xns5.2d2.0 |
.It Single UNIX Specification version 3 and related standards |
.It \-xcurses4.2 |
.Pp |
.St -xcurses4.2 |
.Bl -tag -width "-p1003.1g-2000X" -compact |
.It \-susv2 |
.It \-p1003.1d-99 |
.St -susv2 |
.St -p1003.1d-99 |
|
.br |
|
Additional real-time extensions. |
|
.Pp |
|
.It \-p1003.1-2001 |
|
.St -p1003.1-2001 |
.It \-susv3 |
.It \-susv3 |
.St -susv3 |
.St -susv3 |
.It \-svid4 |
.br |
.St -svid4 |
This standard is based on C99, SUSv2, POSIX.1-1996, 1d, and 1j. |
|
It is also called X/Open Portability Guide version 6. |
|
It is used as the basis for UNIX 03 certification. |
|
.Pp |
|
.It \-p1003.1-2004 |
|
.St -p1003.1-2004 |
|
.br |
|
The second and last Technical Corrigendum. |
.El |
.El |
|
.It Single UNIX Specification version 4 |
|
.Pp |
|
.Bl -tag -width "-p1003.1g-2000" -compact |
|
.It \-p1003.1-2008 |
|
.St -p1003.1-2008 |
|
.It \-susv4 |
|
.St -susv4 |
|
.br |
|
This standard is also called |
|
X/Open Portability Guide version 7. |
|
.Pp |
|
.It \-p1003.1-2013 |
|
.St -p1003.1-2013 |
|
.br |
|
This is the first Technical Corrigendum. |
|
.El |
|
.It Other standards |
|
.Pp |
|
.Bl -tag -width "-p1003.1g-2000" -compact |
|
.It \-ieee754 |
|
.St -ieee754 |
|
.br |
|
Floating-point arithmetic. |
|
.Pp |
|
.It \-iso8601 |
|
.St -iso8601 |
|
.br |
|
Representation of dates and times, published in 1988. |
|
.Pp |
|
.It \-iso8802-3 |
|
.St -iso8802-3 |
|
.br |
|
Ethernet local area networks. |
|
.Pp |
|
.It \-ieee1275-94 |
|
.St -ieee1275-94 |
|
.El |
|
.El |
.Ss \&Sx |
.Ss \&Sx |
Reference a section or subsection in the same manual page. |
Reference a section or subsection in the same manual page. |
The referenced section or subsection name must be identical to the |
The referenced section or subsection name must be identical to the |
|
|
and |
and |
.Sx \&Ss . |
.Sx \&Ss . |
.Ss \&Sy |
.Ss \&Sy |
Format enclosed arguments in symbolic |
Request a boldface font. |
.Pq Dq boldface . |
|
Note that this is a presentation term and should not be used for |
|
stylistically decorating technical terms. |
|
.Pp |
.Pp |
|
This is most often used to indicate importance or seriousness (not to be |
|
confused with stress emphasis, see |
|
.Sx \&Em ) . |
|
When none of the semantic macros fit, it is also adequate for syntax |
|
elements that have to be given or that appear verbatim. |
|
.Pp |
|
Examples: |
|
.Bd -literal -compact -offset indent |
|
\&.Sy Warning : |
|
If |
|
\&.Sy s |
|
appears in the owner permissions, set-user-ID mode is set. |
|
This utility replaces the former |
|
\&.Sy dumpdir |
|
program. |
|
.Ed |
|
.Pp |
See also |
See also |
.Sx \&Bf , |
.Sx \&Bf , |
.Sx \&Em , |
.Sx \&Em , |
Line 2937 Table cell separator in |
|
Line 2663 Table cell separator in |
|
lists; can only be used below |
lists; can only be used below |
.Sx \&It . |
.Sx \&It . |
.Ss \&Tn |
.Ss \&Tn |
Format a tradename. |
Supported only for compatibility, do not use this in new manuals. |
.Pp |
Even though the macro name |
Since this macro is often implemented to use a small caps font, |
.Pq Dq tradename |
it has historically been used for acronyms (like ASCII) as well. |
suggests a semantic function, historic usage is inconsistent, mostly |
Such usage is not recommended because it would use the same macro |
using it as a presentation-level macro to request a small caps font. |
sometimes for semantical annotation, sometimes for physical formatting. |
|
.Pp |
|
Examples: |
|
.Dl \&.Tn IBM |
|
.Ss \&Ud |
.Ss \&Ud |
|
Supported only for compatibility, do not use this in new manuals. |
Prints out |
Prints out |
.Dq currently under development. |
.Dq currently under development. |
.Ss \&Ux |
.Ss \&Ux |
Format the UNIX name. |
Supported only for compatibility, do not use this in new manuals. |
Accepts no argument. |
Prints out |
.Pp |
.Dq Ux . |
Examples: |
|
.Dl \&.Ux |
|
.Pp |
|
See also |
|
.Sx \&At , |
|
.Sx \&Bsx , |
|
.Sx \&Bx , |
|
.Sx \&Dx , |
|
.Sx \&Fx , |
|
.Sx \&Nx , |
|
and |
|
.Sx \&Ox . |
|
.Ss \&Va |
.Ss \&Va |
A variable name. |
A variable name. |
.Pp |
.Pp |
Examples: |
Examples: |
.Dl \&.Va foo |
.Dl \&.Va foo |
.Dl \&.Va const char *bar ; |
.Dl \&.Va const char *bar ; |
|
.Pp |
|
For function arguments and parameters, use |
|
.Sx \&Fa |
|
instead. |
|
For declarations of global variables in the |
|
.Em SYNOPSIS |
|
section, use |
|
.Sx \&Vt . |
.Ss \&Vt |
.Ss \&Vt |
A variable type. |
A variable type. |
|
.Pp |
This is also used for indicating global variables in the |
This is also used for indicating global variables in the |
.Em SYNOPSIS |
.Em SYNOPSIS |
section, in which case a variable name is also specified. |
section, in which case a variable name is also specified. |
Line 2987 In the former case, this macro starts a new output lin |
|
Line 2707 In the former case, this macro starts a new output lin |
|
and a blank line is inserted in front if there is a preceding |
and a blank line is inserted in front if there is a preceding |
function definition or include directive. |
function definition or include directive. |
.Pp |
.Pp |
Note that this should not be confused with |
|
.Sx \&Ft , |
|
which is used for function return types. |
|
.Pp |
|
Examples: |
Examples: |
.Dl \&.Vt unsigned char |
.Dl \&.Vt unsigned char |
.Dl \&.Vt extern const char * const sys_signame[] \&; |
.Dl \&.Vt extern const char * const sys_signame[] \&; |
.Pp |
.Pp |
|
For parameters in function prototypes, use |
|
.Sx \&Fa |
|
instead, for function return types |
|
.Sx \&Ft , |
|
and for variable names outside the |
|
.Em SYNOPSIS |
|
section |
|
.Sx \&Va , |
|
even when including a type with the name. |
See also |
See also |
.Sx MANUAL STRUCTURE |
.Sx MANUAL STRUCTURE . |
and |
|
.Sx \&Va . |
|
.Ss \&Xc |
.Ss \&Xc |
Close a scope opened by |
Close a scope opened by |
.Sx \&Xo . |
.Sx \&Xo . |
Line 3015 Link to another manual |
|
Line 2738 Link to another manual |
|
.Pq Qq cross-reference . |
.Pq Qq cross-reference . |
Its syntax is as follows: |
Its syntax is as follows: |
.Pp |
.Pp |
.D1 Pf \. Sx \&Xr Ar name section |
.D1 Pf \. Sx \&Xr Ar name Op section |
.Pp |
.Pp |
The |
Cross reference the |
.Ar name |
.Ar name |
and |
and |
.Ar section |
.Ar section |
are the name and section of the linked manual. |
number of another man page; |
If |
omitting the section number is rarely useful. |
.Ar section |
|
is followed by non-punctuation, an |
|
.Sx \&Ns |
|
is inserted into the token stream. |
|
This behaviour is for compatibility with |
|
GNU troff. |
|
.Pp |
.Pp |
Examples: |
Examples: |
.Dl \&.Xr mandoc 1 |
.Dl \&.Xr mandoc 1 |
Line 3052 Its syntax is as follows: |
|
Line 2769 Its syntax is as follows: |
|
.Pp |
.Pp |
The |
The |
.Ar height |
.Ar height |
argument must be formatted as described in |
argument is a scaling width as described in |
.Sx Scaling Widths . |
.Xr roff 7 . |
If unspecified, |
If unspecified, |
.Sx \&sp |
.Sx \&sp |
asserts a single vertical space. |
asserts a single vertical space. |
|
.Sh MACRO SYNTAX |
|
The syntax of a macro depends on its classification. |
|
In this section, |
|
.Sq \-arg |
|
refers to macro arguments, which may be followed by zero or more |
|
.Sq parm |
|
parameters; |
|
.Sq \&Yo |
|
opens the scope of a macro; and if specified, |
|
.Sq \&Yc |
|
closes it out. |
|
.Pp |
|
The |
|
.Em Callable |
|
column indicates that the macro may also be called by passing its name |
|
as an argument to another macro. |
|
For example, |
|
.Sq \&.Op \&Fl O \&Ar file |
|
produces |
|
.Sq Op Fl O Ar file . |
|
To prevent a macro call and render the macro name literally, |
|
escape it by prepending a zero-width space, |
|
.Sq \e& . |
|
For example, |
|
.Sq \&Op \e&Fl O |
|
produces |
|
.Sq Op \&Fl O . |
|
If a macro is not callable but its name appears as an argument |
|
to another macro, it is interpreted as opaque text. |
|
For example, |
|
.Sq \&.Fl \&Sh |
|
produces |
|
.Sq Fl \&Sh . |
|
.Pp |
|
The |
|
.Em Parsed |
|
column indicates whether the macro may call other macros by receiving |
|
their names as arguments. |
|
If a macro is not parsed but the name of another macro appears |
|
as an argument, it is interpreted as opaque text. |
|
.Pp |
|
The |
|
.Em Scope |
|
column, if applicable, describes closure rules. |
|
.Ss Block full-explicit |
|
Multi-line scope closed by an explicit closing macro. |
|
All macros contains bodies; only |
|
.Sx \&Bf |
|
and |
|
.Pq optionally |
|
.Sx \&Bl |
|
contain a head. |
|
.Bd -literal -offset indent |
|
\&.Yo \(lB\-arg \(lBparm...\(rB\(rB \(lBhead...\(rB |
|
\(lBbody...\(rB |
|
\&.Yc |
|
.Ed |
|
.Bl -column "MacroX" "CallableX" "ParsedX" "closed by XXX" -offset indent |
|
.It Em Macro Ta Em Callable Ta Em Parsed Ta Em Scope |
|
.It Sx \&Bd Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta closed by Sx \&Ed |
|
.It Sx \&Bf Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta closed by Sx \&Ef |
|
.It Sx \&Bk Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta closed by Sx \&Ek |
|
.It Sx \&Bl Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta closed by Sx \&El |
|
.It Sx \&Ed Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta opened by Sx \&Bd |
|
.It Sx \&Ef Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta opened by Sx \&Bf |
|
.It Sx \&Ek Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta opened by Sx \&Bk |
|
.It Sx \&El Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta opened by Sx \&Bl |
|
.El |
|
.Ss Block full-implicit |
|
Multi-line scope closed by end-of-file or implicitly by another macro. |
|
All macros have bodies; some |
|
.Po |
|
.Sx \&It Fl bullet , |
|
.Fl hyphen , |
|
.Fl dash , |
|
.Fl enum , |
|
.Fl item |
|
.Pc |
|
don't have heads; only one |
|
.Po |
|
.Sx \&It |
|
in |
|
.Sx \&Bl Fl column |
|
.Pc |
|
has multiple heads. |
|
.Bd -literal -offset indent |
|
\&.Yo \(lB\-arg \(lBparm...\(rB\(rB \(lBhead... \(lBTa head...\(rB\(rB |
|
\(lBbody...\(rB |
|
.Ed |
|
.Bl -column "MacroX" "CallableX" "ParsedX" "closed by XXXXXXXXXXX" -offset indent |
|
.It Em Macro Ta Em Callable Ta Em Parsed Ta Em Scope |
|
.It Sx \&It Ta \&No Ta Yes Ta closed by Sx \&It , Sx \&El |
|
.It Sx \&Nd Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta closed by Sx \&Sh |
|
.It Sx \&Nm Ta \&No Ta Yes Ta closed by Sx \&Nm , Sx \&Sh , Sx \&Ss |
|
.It Sx \&Sh Ta \&No Ta Yes Ta closed by Sx \&Sh |
|
.It Sx \&Ss Ta \&No Ta Yes Ta closed by Sx \&Sh , Sx \&Ss |
|
.El |
|
.Pp |
|
Note that the |
|
.Sx \&Nm |
|
macro is a |
|
.Sx Block full-implicit |
|
macro only when invoked as the first macro |
|
in a |
|
.Em SYNOPSIS |
|
section line, else it is |
|
.Sx In-line . |
|
.Ss Block partial-explicit |
|
Like block full-explicit, but also with single-line scope. |
|
Each has at least a body and, in limited circumstances, a head |
|
.Po |
|
.Sx \&Fo , |
|
.Sx \&Eo |
|
.Pc |
|
and/or tail |
|
.Pq Sx \&Ec . |
|
.Bd -literal -offset indent |
|
\&.Yo \(lB\-arg \(lBparm...\(rB\(rB \(lBhead...\(rB |
|
\(lBbody...\(rB |
|
\&.Yc \(lBtail...\(rB |
|
|
|
\&.Yo \(lB\-arg \(lBparm...\(rB\(rB \(lBhead...\(rB \ |
|
\(lBbody...\(rB \&Yc \(lBtail...\(rB |
|
.Ed |
|
.Bl -column "MacroX" "CallableX" "ParsedX" "closed by XXXX" -offset indent |
|
.It Em Macro Ta Em Callable Ta Em Parsed Ta Em Scope |
|
.It Sx \&Ac Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta opened by Sx \&Ao |
|
.It Sx \&Ao Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta closed by Sx \&Ac |
|
.It Sx \&Bc Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta closed by Sx \&Bo |
|
.It Sx \&Bo Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta opened by Sx \&Bc |
|
.It Sx \&Brc Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta opened by Sx \&Bro |
|
.It Sx \&Bro Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta closed by Sx \&Brc |
|
.It Sx \&Dc Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta opened by Sx \&Do |
|
.It Sx \&Do Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta closed by Sx \&Dc |
|
.It Sx \&Ec Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta opened by Sx \&Eo |
|
.It Sx \&Eo Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta closed by Sx \&Ec |
|
.It Sx \&Fc Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta opened by Sx \&Fo |
|
.It Sx \&Fo Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta closed by Sx \&Fc |
|
.It Sx \&Oc Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta closed by Sx \&Oo |
|
.It Sx \&Oo Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta opened by Sx \&Oc |
|
.It Sx \&Pc Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta closed by Sx \&Po |
|
.It Sx \&Po Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta opened by Sx \&Pc |
|
.It Sx \&Qc Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta opened by Sx \&Oo |
|
.It Sx \&Qo Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta closed by Sx \&Oc |
|
.It Sx \&Re Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta opened by Sx \&Rs |
|
.It Sx \&Rs Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta closed by Sx \&Re |
|
.It Sx \&Sc Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta opened by Sx \&So |
|
.It Sx \&So Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta closed by Sx \&Sc |
|
.It Sx \&Xc Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta opened by Sx \&Xo |
|
.It Sx \&Xo Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta closed by Sx \&Xc |
|
.El |
|
.Ss Block partial-implicit |
|
Like block full-implicit, but with single-line scope closed by the |
|
end of the line. |
|
.Bd -literal -offset indent |
|
\&.Yo \(lB\-arg \(lBval...\(rB\(rB \(lBbody...\(rB \(lBres...\(rB |
|
.Ed |
|
.Bl -column "MacroX" "CallableX" "ParsedX" -offset indent |
|
.It Em Macro Ta Em Callable Ta Em Parsed |
|
.It Sx \&Aq Ta Yes Ta Yes |
|
.It Sx \&Bq Ta Yes Ta Yes |
|
.It Sx \&Brq Ta Yes Ta Yes |
|
.It Sx \&D1 Ta \&No Ta \&Yes |
|
.It Sx \&Dl Ta \&No Ta Yes |
|
.It Sx \&Dq Ta Yes Ta Yes |
|
.It Sx \&En Ta Yes Ta Yes |
|
.It Sx \&Op Ta Yes Ta Yes |
|
.It Sx \&Pq Ta Yes Ta Yes |
|
.It Sx \&Ql Ta Yes Ta Yes |
|
.It Sx \&Qq Ta Yes Ta Yes |
|
.It Sx \&Sq Ta Yes Ta Yes |
|
.It Sx \&Vt Ta Yes Ta Yes |
|
.El |
|
.Pp |
|
Note that the |
|
.Sx \&Vt |
|
macro is a |
|
.Sx Block partial-implicit |
|
only when invoked as the first macro |
|
in a |
|
.Em SYNOPSIS |
|
section line, else it is |
|
.Sx In-line . |
|
.Ss Special block macro |
|
The |
|
.Sx \&Ta |
|
macro can only be used below |
|
.Sx \&It |
|
in |
|
.Sx \&Bl Fl column |
|
lists. |
|
It delimits blocks representing table cells; |
|
these blocks have bodies, but no heads. |
|
.Bl -column "MacroX" "CallableX" "ParsedX" "closed by XXXX" -offset indent |
|
.It Em Macro Ta Em Callable Ta Em Parsed Ta Em Scope |
|
.It Sx \&Ta Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta closed by Sx \&Ta , Sx \&It |
|
.El |
|
.Ss In-line |
|
Closed by the end of the line, fixed argument lengths, |
|
and/or subsequent macros. |
|
In-line macros have only text children. |
|
If a number (or inequality) of arguments is |
|
.Pq n , |
|
then the macro accepts an arbitrary number of arguments. |
|
.Bd -literal -offset indent |
|
\&.Yo \(lB\-arg \(lBval...\(rB\(rB \(lBargs...\(rB \(lBres...\(rB |
|
|
|
\&.Yo \(lB\-arg \(lBval...\(rB\(rB \(lBargs...\(rB Yc... |
|
|
|
\&.Yo \(lB\-arg \(lBval...\(rB\(rB arg0 arg1 argN |
|
.Ed |
|
.Bl -column "MacroX" "CallableX" "ParsedX" "Arguments" -offset indent |
|
.It Em Macro Ta Em Callable Ta Em Parsed Ta Em Arguments |
|
.It Sx \&%A Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta >0 |
|
.It Sx \&%B Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta >0 |
|
.It Sx \&%C Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta >0 |
|
.It Sx \&%D Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta >0 |
|
.It Sx \&%I Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta >0 |
|
.It Sx \&%J Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta >0 |
|
.It Sx \&%N Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta >0 |
|
.It Sx \&%O Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta >0 |
|
.It Sx \&%P Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta >0 |
|
.It Sx \&%Q Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta >0 |
|
.It Sx \&%R Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta >0 |
|
.It Sx \&%T Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta >0 |
|
.It Sx \&%U Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta >0 |
|
.It Sx \&%V Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta >0 |
|
.It Sx \&Ad Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta >0 |
|
.It Sx \&An Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta >0 |
|
.It Sx \&Ap Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta 0 |
|
.It Sx \&Ar Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta n |
|
.It Sx \&At Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta 1 |
|
.It Sx \&Bsx Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta n |
|
.It Sx \&Bt Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta 0 |
|
.It Sx \&Bx Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta n |
|
.It Sx \&Cd Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta >0 |
|
.It Sx \&Cm Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta >0 |
|
.It Sx \&Db Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta 1 |
|
.It Sx \&Dd Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta n |
|
.It Sx \&Dt Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta n |
|
.It Sx \&Dv Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta >0 |
|
.It Sx \&Dx Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta n |
|
.It Sx \&Em Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta >0 |
|
.It Sx \&Er Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta >0 |
|
.It Sx \&Es Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta 2 |
|
.It Sx \&Ev Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta >0 |
|
.It Sx \&Ex Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta n |
|
.It Sx \&Fa Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta >0 |
|
.It Sx \&Fd Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta >0 |
|
.It Sx \&Fl Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta n |
|
.It Sx \&Fn Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta >0 |
|
.It Sx \&Fr Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta >0 |
|
.It Sx \&Ft Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta >0 |
|
.It Sx \&Fx Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta n |
|
.It Sx \&Hf Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta n |
|
.It Sx \&Ic Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta >0 |
|
.It Sx \&In Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta 1 |
|
.It Sx \&Lb Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta 1 |
|
.It Sx \&Li Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta >0 |
|
.It Sx \&Lk Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta >0 |
|
.It Sx \&Lp Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta 0 |
|
.It Sx \&Ms Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta >0 |
|
.It Sx \&Mt Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta >0 |
|
.It Sx \&Nm Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta n |
|
.It Sx \&No Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta 0 |
|
.It Sx \&Ns Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta 0 |
|
.It Sx \&Nx Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta n |
|
.It Sx \&Os Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta n |
|
.It Sx \&Ot Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta >0 |
|
.It Sx \&Ox Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta n |
|
.It Sx \&Pa Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta n |
|
.It Sx \&Pf Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta 1 |
|
.It Sx \&Pp Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta 0 |
|
.It Sx \&Rv Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta n |
|
.It Sx \&Sm Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta <2 |
|
.It Sx \&St Ta \&No Ta Yes Ta 1 |
|
.It Sx \&Sx Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta >0 |
|
.It Sx \&Sy Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta >0 |
|
.It Sx \&Tn Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta >0 |
|
.It Sx \&Ud Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta 0 |
|
.It Sx \&Ux Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta n |
|
.It Sx \&Va Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta n |
|
.It Sx \&Vt Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta >0 |
|
.It Sx \&Xr Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta >0 |
|
.It Sx \&br Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta 0 |
|
.It Sx \&sp Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta 1 |
|
.El |
|
.Ss Delimiters |
|
When a macro argument consists of one single input character |
|
considered as a delimiter, the argument gets special handling. |
|
This does not apply when delimiters appear in arguments containing |
|
more than one character. |
|
Consequently, to prevent special handling and just handle it |
|
like any other argument, a delimiter can be escaped by prepending |
|
a zero-width space |
|
.Pq Sq \e& . |
|
In text lines, delimiters never need escaping, but may be used |
|
as normal punctuation. |
|
.Pp |
|
For many macros, when the leading arguments are opening delimiters, |
|
these delimiters are put before the macro scope, |
|
and when the trailing arguments are closing delimiters, |
|
these delimiters are put after the macro scope. |
|
For example, |
|
.Pp |
|
.D1 Pf \. \&Aq "( [ word ] ) ." |
|
.Pp |
|
renders as: |
|
.Pp |
|
.D1 Aq ( [ word ] ) . |
|
.Pp |
|
Opening delimiters are: |
|
.Pp |
|
.Bl -tag -width Ds -offset indent -compact |
|
.It \&( |
|
left parenthesis |
|
.It \&[ |
|
left bracket |
|
.El |
|
.Pp |
|
Closing delimiters are: |
|
.Pp |
|
.Bl -tag -width Ds -offset indent -compact |
|
.It \&. |
|
period |
|
.It \&, |
|
comma |
|
.It \&: |
|
colon |
|
.It \&; |
|
semicolon |
|
.It \&) |
|
right parenthesis |
|
.It \&] |
|
right bracket |
|
.It \&? |
|
question mark |
|
.It \&! |
|
exclamation mark |
|
.El |
|
.Pp |
|
Note that even a period preceded by a backslash |
|
.Pq Sq \e.\& |
|
gets this special handling; use |
|
.Sq \e&. |
|
to prevent that. |
|
.Pp |
|
Many in-line macros interrupt their scope when they encounter |
|
delimiters, and resume their scope when more arguments follow that |
|
are not delimiters. |
|
For example, |
|
.Pp |
|
.D1 Pf \. \&Fl "a ( b | c \e*(Ba d ) e" |
|
.Pp |
|
renders as: |
|
.Pp |
|
.D1 Fl a ( b | c \*(Ba d ) e |
|
.Pp |
|
This applies to both opening and closing delimiters, |
|
and also to the middle delimiter: |
|
.Pp |
|
.Bl -tag -width Ds -offset indent -compact |
|
.It \&| |
|
vertical bar |
|
.El |
|
.Pp |
|
As a special case, the predefined string \e*(Ba is handled and rendered |
|
in the same way as a plain |
|
.Sq \&| |
|
character. |
|
Using this predefined string is not recommended in new manuals. |
|
.Ss Font handling |
|
In |
|
.Nm |
|
documents, usage of semantic markup is recommended in order to have |
|
proper fonts automatically selected; only when no fitting semantic markup |
|
is available, consider falling back to |
|
.Sx Physical markup |
|
macros. |
|
Whenever any |
|
.Nm |
|
macro switches the |
|
.Xr roff 7 |
|
font mode, it will automatically restore the previous font when exiting |
|
its scope. |
|
Manually switching the font using the |
|
.Xr roff 7 |
|
.Ql \ef |
|
font escape sequences is never required. |
.Sh COMPATIBILITY |
.Sh COMPATIBILITY |
This section documents compatibility between mandoc and other other |
This section provides an incomplete list of compatibility issues |
troff implementations, at this time limited to GNU troff |
between mandoc and other troff implementations, at this time limited |
|
to GNU troff |
.Pq Qq groff . |
.Pq Qq groff . |
The term |
The term |
.Qq historic groff |
.Qq historic groff |
Line 3094 Newer groff and mandoc print |
|
Line 3201 Newer groff and mandoc print |
|
and the arguments. |
and the arguments. |
.It |
.It |
.Sx \&Bl Fl column |
.Sx \&Bl Fl column |
does not recognize trailing punctuation characters when they immediately |
does not recognise trailing punctuation characters when they immediately |
precede tabulator characters, but treats them as normal text and |
precede tabulator characters, but treats them as normal text and |
outputs a space before them. |
outputs a space before them. |
.It |
.It |
Line 3168 certain list types. |
|
Line 3275 certain list types. |
|
can only be called by other macros, but not at the beginning of a line. |
can only be called by other macros, but not at the beginning of a line. |
.It |
.It |
.Sx \&%C |
.Sx \&%C |
is not implemented. |
is not implemented (up to and including groff-1.22.2). |
.It |
.It |
Historic groff only allows up to eight or nine arguments per macro input |
Historic groff only allows up to eight or nine arguments per macro input |
line, depending on the exact situation. |
line, depending on the exact situation. |
Line 3186 in new groff and mandoc. |
|
Line 3293 in new groff and mandoc. |
|
.Sq \ef |
.Sq \ef |
.Pq font face |
.Pq font face |
and |
and |
.Sq \ef |
.Sq \eF |
.Pq font family face |
.Pq font family face |
.Sx Text Decoration |
.Sx Text Decoration |
escapes behave irregularly when specified within line-macro scopes. |
escapes behave irregularly when specified within line-macro scopes. |
Line 3203 The following features are unimplemented in mandoc: |
|
Line 3310 The following features are unimplemented in mandoc: |
|
.Fl file Ar file . |
.Fl file Ar file . |
.It |
.It |
.Sx \&Bd |
.Sx \&Bd |
.Fl offset Ar center |
.Fl offset Cm center |
and |
and |
.Fl offset Ar right . |
.Fl offset Cm right . |
Groff does not implement centered and flush-right rendering either, |
Groff does not implement centred and flush-right rendering either, |
but produces large indentations. |
but produces large indentations. |
.It |
|
The |
|
.Sq \eh |
|
.Pq horizontal position , |
|
.Sq \ev |
|
.Pq vertical position , |
|
.Sq \em |
|
.Pq text colour , |
|
.Sq \eM |
|
.Pq text filling colour , |
|
.Sq \ez |
|
.Pq zero-length character , |
|
.Sq \ew |
|
.Pq string length , |
|
.Sq \ek |
|
.Pq horizontal position marker , |
|
.Sq \eo |
|
.Pq text overstrike , |
|
and |
|
.Sq \es |
|
.Pq text size |
|
escape sequences are all discarded in mandoc. |
|
.It |
|
The |
|
.Sq \ef |
|
scaling unit is accepted by mandoc, but rendered as the default unit. |
|
.It |
|
In quoted literals, groff allows pairwise double-quotes to produce a |
|
standalone double-quote in formatted output. |
|
This is not supported by mandoc. |
|
.El |
.El |
.Sh SEE ALSO |
.Sh SEE ALSO |
.Xr man 1 , |
.Xr man 1 , |
Line 3262 utility written by Kristaps Dzonsons appeared in |
|
Line 3339 utility written by Kristaps Dzonsons appeared in |
|
The |
The |
.Nm |
.Nm |
reference was written by |
reference was written by |
.An Kristaps Dzonsons , |
.An Kristaps Dzonsons Aq Mt kristaps@bsd.lv . |
.Mt kristaps@bsd.lv . |
|