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Diff for /mandoc/mdoc.7 between version 1.101 and 1.118

version 1.101, 2010/05/12 17:08:03 version 1.118, 2010/06/04 21:49:39
Line 33  section describes compatibility with other troff \-mdo
Line 33  section describes compatibility with other troff \-mdo
 .Pp  .Pp
 An  An
 .Nm  .Nm
 document follows simple rules:  lines beginning with the control  document follows simple rules: lines beginning with the control
 character  character
 .Sq \.  .Sq \.
 are parsed for macros.  Other lines are interpreted within the scope of  are parsed for macros.  Other lines are interpreted within the scope of
Line 122  escape followed by an indicator: B (bold), I, (italic)
Line 122  escape followed by an indicator: B (bold), I, (italic)
 A numerical representation 3, 2, or 1 (bold, italic, and Roman,  A numerical representation 3, 2, or 1 (bold, italic, and Roman,
 respectively) may be used instead.  respectively) may be used instead.
 A text decoration is valid within  A text decoration is valid within
 the current font scope only:  if a macro opens a font scope alongside  the current font scope only: if a macro opens a font scope alongside
 its own scope, such as  its own scope, such as
 .Sx \&Bf  .Sx \&Bf
 .Cm \&Sy ,  .Cm \&Sy ,
Line 301  When composing a manual, make sure that your sentences
Line 301  When composing a manual, make sure that your sentences
 a line.  a line.
 By doing so, front-ends will be able to apply the proper amount of  By doing so, front-ends will be able to apply the proper amount of
 spacing after the end of sentence (unescaped) period, exclamation mark,  spacing after the end of sentence (unescaped) period, exclamation mark,
 or question mark.  or question mark followed by zero or more non-sentence closing
   delimiters (
   .Ns Sq \&) ,
   .Sq \&] ,
   .Sq \&' ,
   .Sq \&" ) .
   .Pp
   The proper spacing is also intelligently preserved if a sentence ends at
   the boundary of a macro line, e.g.,
   .Pp
   .D1 \&Xr mandoc 1 \.
   .D1 \&Fl T \&Ns \&Cm ascii \.
 .Sh MANUAL STRUCTURE  .Sh MANUAL STRUCTURE
 A well-formed  A well-formed
 .Nm  .Nm
Line 332  file:
Line 343  file:
 \&.Dd $\&Mdocdate$  \&.Dd $\&Mdocdate$
 \&.Dt mdoc 7  \&.Dt mdoc 7
 \&.Os  \&.Os
 \&.  
 \&.Sh NAME  \&.Sh NAME
 \&.Nm foo  \&.Nm foo
 \&.Nd a description goes here  \&.Nd a description goes here
 \&.\e\*q The next is for sections 2 & 3 only.  \&.\e\*q The next is for sections 2, 3, & 9 only.
 \&.\e\*q .Sh LIBRARY  \&.\e\*q .Sh LIBRARY
 \&.  
 \&.Sh SYNOPSIS  \&.Sh SYNOPSIS
 \&.Nm foo  \&.Nm foo
 \&.Op Fl options  \&.Op Fl options
 \&.Ar  \&.Ar
 \&.  
 \&.Sh DESCRIPTION  \&.Sh DESCRIPTION
 The  The
 \&.Nm  \&.Nm
Line 398  and
Line 406  and
 .Sx \&Nd .  .Sx \&Nd .
 .It Em LIBRARY  .It Em LIBRARY
 The name of the library containing the documented material, which is  The name of the library containing the documented material, which is
 assumed to be a function in a section 2 or 3 manual.  assumed to be a function in a section 2, 3, or 9 manual.
 The syntax for this is as follows:  The syntax for this is as follows:
 .Bd -literal -offset indent  .Bd -literal -offset indent
 \&.Lb libarm  \&.Lb libarm
Line 720  Note that the
Line 728  Note that the
 macro is a  macro is a
 .Sx Block partial-implicit  .Sx Block partial-implicit
 only when invoked as the first macro  only when invoked as the first macro
 in a SYNOPSIS section line, else it is  in a
   .Em SYNOPSIS
   section line, else it is
 .Sx In-line .  .Sx In-line .
 .Ss In-line  .Ss In-line
 Closed by  Closed by
Line 1089  and
Line 1099  and
 .Ss \&Bf  .Ss \&Bf
 .Ss \&Bk  .Ss \&Bk
 .Ss \&Bl  .Ss \&Bl
 .\" Begins a list composed of one or more list entries.  A list entry is  Begins a list composed of one or more list entries.
 .\" specified by the  A list is associated with a type, which is a required argument.
 .\" .Sx \&It  Other arguments are
 .\" macro, which consists of a head and optional body.  By default, a list  .Fl width ,
 .\" is preceded by a blank line.  A list must specify one of the following  defined per-type as accepting a literal or
 .\" list types:  .Sx Scaling Widths
 .\" .Bl -tag -width 12n  value;
 .\" .It Fl bullet  .Fl offset ,
 .\" A list offset by a bullet.  The head of list entries must be empty.  also accepting a literal or
 .\" List entry bodies are justified after the bullet.  .Sx Scaling Widths
 .\" .It Fl column  value setting the list's global offset; and
 .\" A columnated list.  The number of columns is specified as arguments to  .Fl compact ,
 .\" the  suppressing the default vertical space printed before each list entry.
 .\" .Sx \&Bl  A list entry is specified by the
 .\" macro (the deprecated form of following the invocation of  .Sx \&It
 .\" .Fl column  macro, which consists of a head and optional body (depending on the list
 .\" is also accepted).  Arguments dictate the width of columns specified in  type).
 .\" list entries.  List entry bodies must be left empty.  Columns specified  A list must specify one of the following list types:
 .\" in the list entry head are justified to their position in the sequence  .Bl -tag -width 12n -offset indent
 .\" of columns.  .It Fl bullet
 .\" .It Fl dash  A list offset by a bullet.
 .\" A list offset by a dash (hyphen).  The head of list entries must be  The head of list entries must be empty.
 .\" empty.  List entry bodies are justified past the dash.  List entry bodies are positioned after the bullet.
 .\" .It Fl diag  The
 .\" Like  .Fl width
 .\" .Fl inset  argument varies the width of list bodies' left-margins.
 .\" lists, but with additional formatting to the head.  .It Fl column
 .\" .It Fl enum  A columnated list.
 .\" A list offset by a number indicating list entry position.  The head of  The
 .\" list entries must be empty.  List entry bodies are justified past the  .Fl width
 .\" enumeration.  argument has no effect.
 .\" .It Fl hang  The number of columns is specified as parameters to the
 .\" Like  .Sx \&Bl
 .\" .Fl tag ,  macro.
 .\" but instead of list bodies justifying to the head on the first line,  These dictate the width of columns either as
 .\" they trail the head text.  .Sx Scaling Widths
 .\" .It Fl hyphen  or literal text.
 .\" Synonym for  If the initial macro of a
 .\" .Fl dash .  .Fl column
 .\" .It Fl inset  list is not an
 .\" Like  .Sx \&It ,
 .\" .Fl tag ,  an
 .\" but list entry bodies aren't justified.  .Sx \&It
 .\" .It Fl item  context spanning each line is implied until an
 .\" An un-justified list.  This produces blocks of text.  .Sx \&It
 .\" .It Fl ohang  line macro is encountered, at which point list bodies are interpreted as
 .\" List bodies are placed on the line following the head.  described in the
 .\" .It Fl tag  .Sx \&It
 .\" A list offset by list entry heads.  List entry bodies are justified  documentation.
 .\" after the head.  .It Fl dash
 .\" .El  A list offset by a dash (hyphen).
 .\" .Pp  The head of list entries must be empty.
 .\" More...  List entry bodies are positioned past the dash.
 .\" .  The
   .Fl width
   argument varies the width of list bodies' left-margins.
   .It Fl diag
   Like
   .Fl inset ,
   but with additional formatting to the head.
   The
   .Fl width
   argument varies the width of list bodies' left-margins.
   .It Fl enum
   An enumerated list offset by the enumeration from 1.
   The head of list entries must be empty.
   List entry bodies are positioned after the enumeration.
   The
   .Fl width
   argument varies the width of list bodies' left-margins.
   .It Fl hang
   Like
   .Fl tag ,
   but instead of list bodies positioned after the head, they trail the
   head text.
   The
   .Fl width
   argument varies the width of list bodies' left-margins.
   .It Fl hyphen
   Synonym for
   .Fl dash .
   .It Fl inset
   List bodies follow the list head.
   The
   .Fl width
   argument is ignored.
   .It Fl item
   This produces blocks of text.
   The head of list entries must be empty.
   The
   .Fl width
   argument is ignored.
   .It Fl ohang
   List bodies are positioned on the line following the head.
   The
   .Fl width
   argument is ignored.
   .It Fl tag
   A list offset by list entry heads.  List entry bodies are positioned
   after the head as specified by the
   .Fl width
   argument.
   .El
   .Pp
   See also
   .Sx \&It .
 .Ss \&Bo  .Ss \&Bo
 Begins a block enclosed by square brackets.  Begins a block enclosed by square brackets.
 Does not have any head arguments.  Does not have any head arguments.
Line 1270  See also
Line 1332  See also
 and  and
 .Sx \&Dl .  .Sx \&Dl .
 .Ss \&Db  .Ss \&Db
   Start a debugging context.
   This macro is parsed, but generally ignored.
   Its calling syntax is as follows:
   .Pp
   .D1 \. Ns Sx \&Db Cm on | off
 .Ss \&Dc  .Ss \&Dc
 Closes a  Closes a
 .Sx \&Do  .Sx \&Do
Line 1342  This is the mandatory second macro of any
Line 1409  This is the mandatory second macro of any
 file.  file.
 Its calling syntax is as follows:  Its calling syntax is as follows:
 .Pp  .Pp
 .D1 \. Ns Sx \&Dt Cm title section Op Cm volume | arch  .D1 \. Ns Sx \&Dt Op Cm title Op Cm section Op Cm volume | arch
 .Pp  .Pp
 Its arguments are as follows:  Its arguments are as follows:
 .Bl -tag -width Ds -offset Ds  .Bl -tag -width Ds -offset Ds
 .It Cm title  .It Cm title
 The document's title (name).  The document's title (name), defaulting to
 This should be capitalised and is required.  .Qq UNKNOWN
   if unspecified.
   It should be capitalised.
 .It Cm section  .It Cm section
 The manual section.  The manual section.
 This may be one of  This may be one of
Line 1385  This may be one of
Line 1454  This may be one of
 or  or
 .Ar paper  .Ar paper
 .Pq paper .  .Pq paper .
 It is also required and should correspond to the manual's filename  It should correspond to the manual's filename suffix and defaults to
 suffix.  .Qq 1
   if unspecified.
 .It Cm volume  .It Cm volume
 This overrides the volume inferred from  This overrides the volume inferred from
 .Ar section .  .Ar section .
Line 1458  Examples:
Line 1528  Examples:
 .D1 \&.Dt FOO 1  .D1 \&.Dt FOO 1
 .D1 \&.Dt FOO 4 KM  .D1 \&.Dt FOO 4 KM
 .D1 \&.Dt FOO 9 i386  .D1 \&.Dt FOO 9 i386
 .D1 \&.Dt FOO 9 KM i386  
 .Pp  .Pp
 See also  See also
 .Sx \&Dd  .Sx \&Dd
Line 1495  and
Line 1564  and
 .Ss \&Ef  .Ss \&Ef
 .Ss \&Ek  .Ss \&Ek
 .Ss \&El  .Ss \&El
   Ends a list context started by
   .Sx \&Bl .
   .Pp
   See also
   .Sx \&Bl
   and
   .Sx \&It .
 .Ss \&Em  .Ss \&Em
 Denotes text that should be emphasised.  Denotes text that should be emphasised.
 Note that this is a presentation term and should not be used for  Note that this is a presentation term and should not be used for
Line 1534  is not provided, the document's name as stipulated in
Line 1610  is not provided, the document's name as stipulated in
 .Sx \&Nm  .Sx \&Nm
 is provided.  is provided.
 .Ss \&Fa  .Ss \&Fa
   Function argument.
   This may be invoked for names with or without the corresponding type.
   It is also used to specify the field name of a structure.
   Most often, the
   .Sx \&Fa
   macro is used in the
   .Em SYNOPSIS
   section when documenting multi-line function prototypes.
   If invoked with multiple arguments, the arguments are separated by a
   comma.
   Furthermore, if the following macro is another
   .Sx \&Fa ,
   the last argument will also have a trailing comma.
   .Pp
   Examples:
   .D1 \&.Fa \(dqconst char *p\(dq
   .D1 \&.Fa \(dqint a\(dq \(dqint b\(dq \(dqint c\(dq
   .D1 \&.Fa foo
 .Ss \&Fc  .Ss \&Fc
 .Ss \&Fd  .Ss \&Fd
   Historically used to document include files.
   This usage has been deprecated in favour of
   .Sx \&In .
   Do not use this macro.
   .Pp
   See also
   .Sx \&In .
 .Ss \&Fl  .Ss \&Fl
 Command-line flag.  Command-line flag.
 Used when listing arguments to command-line utilities.  Used when listing arguments to command-line utilities.
Line 1578  and
Line 1679  and
 .Ss \&Hf  .Ss \&Hf
 .Ss \&Ic  .Ss \&Ic
 .Ss \&In  .Ss \&In
   An
   .Qq include
   file.
   In the
   .Em SYNOPSIS
   section (only if invoked as the line macro), the first argument is
   preceded by
   .Qq #include ,
   the arguments is enclosed in angled braces, and a newline is asserted.
   In all other invocations, only angled braces will enclose the argument.
   .Pp
   Examples
   .D1 \&.In sys/types
 .Ss \&It  .Ss \&It
   A list item.  The syntax of this macro depends on the list type.
   .Pp
   Lists
   of type
   .Fl hang ,
   .Fl ohang ,
   .Fl inset ,
   and
   .Fl diag
   have the following calling syntax:
   .Pp
   .D1 \. Ns Sx \&It Cm args
   .Pp
   Lists of type
   .Fl bullet ,
   .Fl dash ,
   .Fl enum ,
   .Fl hyphen
   and
   .Fl item
   have the following calling syntax:
   .Pp
   .D1 \. Ns Sx \&It
   .Pp
   with subsequent lines interpreted within the scope of the
   .Sx \&It
   until either a closing
   .Sx \&El
   or another
   .Sx \&It .
   .Pp
   The
   .Fl tag
   list has syntax
   .Pp
   .D1 \. Ns Sx \&It Op Cm args
   .Pp
   with subsequent lines interpreted as with
   .Fl bullet
   and family.
   The line arguments correspond to the list's left-hand side; body
   arguments correspond to the list's contents.
   .Pp
   The
   .Fl column
   list is the most complicated.
   Its syntax is
   .Pp
   .D1 \. Ns Sx \&It Op Cm args
   .Pp
   where
   .Cm args
   are phrases, a mix of macros and text corresponding to a line column,
   delimited by tabs or the special
   .Sq \&Ta
   pseudo-macro.
   Lines subsequent the
   .Sx \&It
   are interpreted within the scope of the last phrase.
   Calling the pseudo-macro
   .Sq \&Ta
   will open a new phrase scope (this must occur on a macro line to be
   interpreted as a macro).  Note that the tab phrase delimiter may only be
   used within the
   .Sx \&It
   line itself.
   Subsequent this, only the
   .Sq \&Ta
   pseudo-macro may be used to delimit phrases.
   Furthermore, note that quoted sections propogate over tab-delimited
   phrases on an
   .Sx \&It ,
   for example,
   .Pp
   .D1 .It \(dqcol1 ; <TAB> col2 ;\(dq ;
   .Pp
   will preserve the semicolon whitespace except for the last.
   .Pp
   See also
   .Sx \&Bl .
 .Ss \&Lb  .Ss \&Lb
   Specify a library.
   The calling syntax is as follows:
   .Pp
   .D1 \. Ns Sx \&Lb Cm library
   .Pp
   The
   .Cm library
   parameter may be a system library, such as
   .Cm libz
   or
   .Cm libpam ,
   in which case a small library description is printed next to the linker
   invocation; or a custom library, in which case the library name is
   printed in quotes.
   This is most commonly used in the
   .Em SYNOPSIS
   section as described in
   .Sx MANUAL STRUCTURE .
   .Pp
   Examples:
   .D1 \&.Lb libz
   .D1 \&.Lb mdoc
 .Ss \&Li  .Ss \&Li
 .Ss \&Lk  .Ss \&Lk
 Format a hyperlink.  Format a hyperlink.
Line 1596  See also
Line 1812  See also
 .Ss \&Lp  .Ss \&Lp
 .Ss \&Ms  .Ss \&Ms
 .Ss \&Mt  .Ss \&Mt
   Format a
   .Qq mailto:
   hyperlink.
   The calling syntax is as follows:
   .Pp
   .D1 \. Ns Sx \&Mt Cm address
   .Pp
   Examples:
   .D1 \&.Mt discuss@manpages.bsd.lv
 .Ss \&Nd  .Ss \&Nd
 .Ss \&Nm  .Ss \&Nm
 .Ss \&No  .Ss \&No
Line 1732  line.
Line 1957  line.
 .Ss \&Sy  .Ss \&Sy
 .Ss \&Tn  .Ss \&Tn
 .Ss \&Ud  .Ss \&Ud
   Prints out
   .Dq currently under development.
 .Ss \&Ux  .Ss \&Ux
 Format the UNIX name.  Format the UNIX name.
 Accepts no argument.  Accepts no argument.
Line 1821  Heirloom troff, the other significant troff implementa
Line 2048  Heirloom troff, the other significant troff implementa
 .Pp  .Pp
 .Bl -dash -compact  .Bl -dash -compact
 .It  .It
   Historic groff formats the
   .Sx \&In
   badly: trailing arguments are trashed and
   .Em SYNOPSIS
   is not specially treated.
   .It
   groff does not accept the
   .Sq \&Ta
   pseudo-macro as a line macro.
   mandoc does.
   .It
 The comment syntax  The comment syntax
 .Sq \e."  .Sq \e."
 is no longer accepted.  is no longer accepted.
Line 1900  This is not the case in mandoc.
Line 2138  This is not the case in mandoc.
 In groff, the  In groff, the
 .Sx \&Cd ,  .Sx \&Cd ,
 .Sx \&Er ,  .Sx \&Er ,
   .Sx \&Ex ,
 and  and
 .Sx \&Ex  .Sx \&Rv
 macros were stipulated only to occur in certain manual sections.  macros were stipulated only to occur in certain manual sections.
 mandoc does not have these restrictions.  mandoc does not have these restrictions.
   .It
   Newer groff and mandoc print
   .Qq AT&T UNIX
   prior to unknown arguments of
   .Sx \&At ;
   older groff did nothing.
 .El  .El
 .Sh SEE ALSO  .Sh SEE ALSO
 .Xr mandoc 1 ,  .Xr mandoc 1 ,
Legend:
Removed from v.1.101  
changed lines
  Added in v.1.118
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