.\" $Id: man.1,v 1.3 2014/08/21 02:38:24 schwarze Exp $ .\" $OpenBSD: man.1,v 1.55 2014/04/03 06:15:18 jmc Exp $ .\" .\" Copyright (c) 1989, 1990, 1993 .\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. .\" Copyright (c) 2003, 2007, 2008, 2014 Jason McIntyre .\" Copyright (c) 2010, 2011 Ingo Schwarze .\" .\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without .\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions .\" are met: .\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright .\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. .\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright .\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the .\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. .\" 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors .\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software .\" without specific prior written permission. .\" .\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND .\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE .\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE .\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE .\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL .\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS .\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) .\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT .\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY .\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF .\" SUCH DAMAGE. .\" .\" @(#)man.1 8.2 (Berkeley) 1/2/94 .\" .Dd $Mdocdate: August 21 2014 $ .Dt MAN 1 .Os .Sh NAME .Nm man .Nd display manual pages .Sh SYNOPSIS .Nm man .Op Fl acfhkw .Op Fl C Ar file .Op Fl M Ar path .Op Fl m Ar path .Op Fl S Ar subsection .Op Fl s Ar section .Op Ar section .Ar name ... .Sh DESCRIPTION The .Nm utility displays the manual pages entitled .Ar name . Pages may be selected according to a specific category .Pq Ar section or machine architecture .Pq Ar subsection . .Pp The options are as follows: .Bl -tag -width Ds .It Fl a Display all of the manual pages for a specified .Ar section and .Ar name combination. Normally, only the first manual page found is displayed. .It Fl C Ar file Use the specified .Ar file instead of the default configuration file. This permits users to configure their own manual environment. See .Xr man.conf 5 for a description of the contents of this file. .It Fl c Copy the manual page to the standard output instead of using .Xr more 1 to paginate it. This is done by default if the standard output is not a terminal device. .It Fl f A synonym for .Xr whatis 1 . It searches for .Ar name in manual page names and displays the header lines from all matching pages. The search is case insensitive and matches whole words only. .It Fl h Display only the .Dq SYNOPSIS lines of the requested manual pages. .It Fl k A synonym for .Xr apropos 1 . Instead of .Ar name , an expression can be provided using the syntax described in the .Xr apropos 1 manual. By default, it displays the header lines of all matching pages. .It Fl M Ar path Override the list of standard directories which .Nm searches for manual pages. The supplied .Ar path must be a colon .Pq Ql \&: separated list of directories. This search path may also be set using the environment variable .Ev MANPATH . The subdirectories to be searched, and their search order, are specified by the .Dq _subdir line in the .Nm configuration file. .It Fl m Ar path Augment the list of standard directories which .Nm searches for manual pages. The supplied .Ar path must be a colon .Pq Ql \&: separated list of directories. These directories will be searched before the standard directories or the directories specified using the .Fl M option or the .Ev MANPATH environment variable. The subdirectories to be searched, and their search order, are specified by the .Dq _subdir line in the .Nm configuration file. .It Fl S Ar subsection Restricts the directories that .Nm will search to those of a specific .Xr machine 1 architecture. .Ar subsection is case insensitive. .Pp By default manual pages for all architectures are installed. Therefore this option can be used to view pages for one architecture whilst using another. .Pp This option overrides the .Ev MACHINE environment variable. .It Xo .Op Fl s .Ar section .Xc Restricts the directories that .Nm will search to a specific section. The currently available sections are: .Pp .Bl -tag -width "localXXX" -offset indent -compact .It 1 General commands .Pq tools and utilities . .It 2 System calls and error numbers. .It 3 Libraries. .It 3f Fortran programmer's reference guide. .It 3p .Xr perl 1 programmer's reference guide. .It 4 Device drivers. .It 5 File formats. .It 6 Games. .It 7 Miscellaneous. .It 8 System maintenance and operation commands. .It 9 Kernel internals. .It X11 An alias for X11R6. .It X11R6 X Window System. .It local Pages located in .Pa /usr/local . .It n Tcl/Tk commands. .El .Pp The .Nm configuration file, .Xr man.conf 5 , specifies the possible .Ar section values, and their search order. Additional sections may be specified. .It Fl w List the pathnames of the manual pages which .Nm would display for the specified .Ar section and .Ar name combination. .El .Pp The .Nm utility also supports the options .Fl IOTW described in the .Xr mandoc 1 manual. .Pp Guidelines for writing man pages can be found in .Xr mdoc 7 . .Pp If both a formatted and an unformatted version of the same manual page, for example .Pa cat1/foo.0 and .Pa man1/foo.1 , exist in the same directory, and at least one of them is selected, only the newer one is used. However, if both the .Fl a and the .Fl w options are specified, both file names are printed. .Sh ENVIRONMENT .Bl -tag -width MANPATHX .It Ev MACHINE As some manual pages are intended only for specific architectures, .Nm searches any subdirectories, with the same name as the current architecture, in every directory which it searches. Machine specific areas are checked before general areas. The current machine type may be overridden by setting the environment variable .Ev MACHINE to the name of a specific architecture, or with the .Fl S option. .Ev MACHINE is case insensitive. .It Ev MANPAGER Any non-empty value of the environment variable .Ev MANPAGER will be used instead of the standard pagination program, .Xr more 1 . .It Ev MANPATH The standard search path used by .Nm may be overridden by specifying a path in the .Ev MANPATH environment variable. The format of the path is a colon .Pq Ql \&: separated list of directories. The subdirectories to be searched, as well as their search order, are specified by the .Dq _subdir line in the .Nm configuration file. .It Ev PAGER Specifies the pagination program to use when .Ev MANPAGER is not defined. If neither PAGER nor MANPAGER is defined, .Pa /usr/bin/more Fl s will be used. .El .Sh FILES .Bl -tag -width /etc/man.conf -compact .It Pa /etc/man.conf default man configuration file .El .Sh EXIT STATUS .Ex -std man .Sh SEE ALSO .Xr apropos 1 , .Xr intro 1 , .Xr whatis 1 , .Xr whereis 1 , .Xr intro 2 , .Xr intro 3 , .Xr intro 4 , .Xr intro 5 , .Xr man.conf 5 , .Xr intro 6 , .Xr intro 7 , .Xr mdoc 7 , .Xr intro 8 , .Xr intro 9 .Sh STANDARDS The .Nm utility is compliant with the .St -p1003.1-2008 specification. .Pp The flags .Op Fl aCcfhMmSsw , as well as the environment variables .Ev MACHINE , .Ev MANPAGER , and .Ev MANPATH , are extensions to that specification. .Sh HISTORY A .Nm command first appeared in .At v3 . .Pp The .Fl w option first appeared in .At v7 ; .Fl f and .Fl k in .Bx 4 ; .Fl M in .Bx 4.3 ; .Fl a in .Bx 4.3 Tahoe ; .Fl c and .Fl m in .Bx 4.3 Reno ; .Fl h in .Bx 4.3 Net/2 ; .Fl C in .Nx 1.0 ; and .Fl s and .Fl S in .Ox 2.3 .