Annotation of mandoc/man.3, Revision 1.23
1.23 ! kristaps 1: .\" $Id: man.3,v 1.22 2010/07/07 15:04:54 kristaps Exp $
1.1 kristaps 2: .\"
1.12 kristaps 3: .\" Copyright (c) 2009-2010 Kristaps Dzonsons <kristaps@bsd.lv>
1.1 kristaps 4: .\"
5: .\" Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any
1.3 kristaps 6: .\" purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
7: .\" copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.
8: .\"
9: .\" THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES
10: .\" WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
11: .\" MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR
12: .\" ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES
13: .\" WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN
14: .\" ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF
15: .\" OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
1.1 kristaps 16: .\"
1.23 ! kristaps 17: .Dd $Mdocdate: July 7 2010 $
1.2 kristaps 18: .Dt MAN 3
1.1 kristaps 19: .Os
20: .Sh NAME
1.13 kristaps 21: .Nm man ,
1.1 kristaps 22: .Nm man_alloc ,
23: .Nm man_endparse ,
1.17 kristaps 24: .Nm man_free ,
25: .Nm man_meta ,
1.1 kristaps 26: .Nm man_node ,
1.17 kristaps 27: .Nm man_parseln ,
1.1 kristaps 28: .Nm man_reset
29: .Nd man macro compiler library
30: .Sh SYNOPSIS
1.17 kristaps 31: .In mandoc.h
1.10 kristaps 32: .In man.h
1.1 kristaps 33: .Vt extern const char * const * man_macronames;
34: .Ft "struct man *"
1.20 kristaps 35: .Fo man_alloc
1.21 kristaps 36: .Fa "struct regset *regs"
1.20 kristaps 37: .Fa "void *data"
38: .Fa "int pflags"
39: .Fa "mandocmsg msgs"
40: .Fc
1.17 kristaps 41: .Ft int
42: .Fn man_endparse "struct man *man"
1.1 kristaps 43: .Ft void
44: .Fn man_free "struct man *man"
1.17 kristaps 45: .Ft "const struct man_meta *"
46: .Fn man_meta "const struct man *man"
1.1 kristaps 47: .Ft "const struct man_node *"
1.6 kristaps 48: .Fn man_node "const struct man *man"
1.1 kristaps 49: .Ft int
1.19 kristaps 50: .Fo man_parseln
51: .Fa "struct man *man"
52: .Fa "int line"
53: .Fa "char *buf"
54: .Fc
1.17 kristaps 55: .Ft void
56: .Fn man_reset "struct man *man"
1.1 kristaps 57: .Sh DESCRIPTION
58: The
1.13 kristaps 59: .Nm
1.7 kristaps 60: library parses lines of
1.1 kristaps 61: .Xr man 7
1.17 kristaps 62: input into an abstract syntax tree (AST).
1.1 kristaps 63: .Pp
64: In general, applications initiate a parsing sequence with
65: .Fn man_alloc ,
1.7 kristaps 66: parse each line in a document with
1.1 kristaps 67: .Fn man_parseln ,
68: close the parsing session with
69: .Fn man_endparse ,
70: operate over the syntax tree returned by
1.7 kristaps 71: .Fn man_node
1.1 kristaps 72: and
73: .Fn man_meta ,
74: then free all allocated memory with
75: .Fn man_free .
76: The
77: .Fn man_reset
78: function may be used in order to reset the parser for another input
1.17 kristaps 79: sequence.
80: See the
1.1 kristaps 81: .Sx EXAMPLES
82: section for a full example.
1.13 kristaps 83: .Pp
84: Beyond the full set of macros defined in
85: .Xr man 7 ,
86: the
87: .Nm
88: library also accepts the following macros:
1.1 kristaps 89: .Pp
1.13 kristaps 90: .Bl -tag -width Ds -compact
91: .It PD
92: Has no effect. Handled as a current-scope line macro.
93: .It Sp
94: A synonym for
95: .Sq sp 0.5v
96: .Pq part of the standard preamble for Perl documentation .
97: Handled as a line macro.
98: .It Vb
99: A synonym for
100: .Sq nf
101: .Pq part of the standard preamble for Perl documentation .
102: Handled as a current-scope line macro.
103: .It Ve
104: A synonym for
105: .Sq fi ,
106: closing
107: .Sq Vb
108: .Pq part of the standard preamble for Perl documentation .
109: Handled as a current-scope line macro.
110: .El
1.14 kristaps 111: .Pp
112: Furthermore, the following escapes are accepted to allow
113: .Xr pod2man 1
1.15 kristaps 114: documents to be correctly formatted:
1.14 kristaps 115: \e*(-- (dash),
116: \e*(PI (pi),
117: \e*(L" (left double-quote),
118: \e*(R" (right double-quote),
119: \e*(C` (left single-quote),
120: \e*(C' (right single-quote),
121: \e*(Aq (apostrophe),
122: \e*^ (hat),
123: \e*, (comma),
124: \e*~ (tilde),
125: \e*/ (forward slash),
126: \e*: (umlaut),
127: \e*8 (beta),
128: \e*o (degree),
129: \e*(D- (Eth),
130: \e*(d- (eth),
131: \e*(Th (Thorn),
132: and
133: \e*(th (thorn).
1.13 kristaps 134: .Sh REFERENCE
1.7 kristaps 135: This section further defines the
1.1 kristaps 136: .Sx Types ,
1.7 kristaps 137: .Sx Functions
1.1 kristaps 138: and
139: .Sx Variables
1.17 kristaps 140: available to programmers.
141: Following that, the
1.7 kristaps 142: .Sx Abstract Syntax Tree
1.1 kristaps 143: section documents the output tree.
144: .Ss Types
145: Both functions (see
146: .Sx Functions )
147: and variables (see
148: .Sx Variables )
149: may use the following types:
1.12 kristaps 150: .Bl -ohang
1.1 kristaps 151: .It Vt struct man
152: An opaque type defined in
153: .Pa man.c .
154: Its values are only used privately within the library.
1.17 kristaps 155: .It Vt mandocmsg
156: A function callback type defined in
157: .Pa mandoc.h .
1.1 kristaps 158: .It Vt struct man_node
1.17 kristaps 159: A parsed node.
160: Defined in
1.1 kristaps 161: .Pa man.h .
1.7 kristaps 162: See
1.1 kristaps 163: .Sx Abstract Syntax Tree
164: for details.
165: .El
166: .Ss Functions
167: Function descriptions follow:
1.12 kristaps 168: .Bl -ohang
1.1 kristaps 169: .It Fn man_alloc
1.17 kristaps 170: Allocates a parsing structure.
171: The
1.1 kristaps 172: .Fa data
1.18 kristaps 173: pointer is passed to
174: .Fa msgs .
1.1 kristaps 175: The
176: .Fa pflags
177: arguments are defined in
178: .Pa man.h .
1.17 kristaps 179: Returns NULL on failure.
180: If non-NULL, the pointer must be freed with
1.1 kristaps 181: .Fn man_free .
182: .It Fn man_reset
1.17 kristaps 183: Reset the parser for another parse routine.
184: After its use,
1.1 kristaps 185: .Fn man_parseln
186: behaves as if invoked for the first time.
187: .It Fn man_free
1.17 kristaps 188: Free all resources of a parser.
189: The pointer is no longer valid after invocation.
1.1 kristaps 190: .It Fn man_parseln
1.17 kristaps 191: Parse a nil-terminated line of input.
192: This line should not contain the trailing newline.
193: Returns 0 on failure, 1 on success.
194: The input buffer
1.1 kristaps 195: .Fa buf
196: is modified by this function.
197: .It Fn man_endparse
1.17 kristaps 198: Signals that the parse is complete.
199: Note that if
1.1 kristaps 200: .Fn man_endparse
201: is called subsequent to
202: .Fn man_node ,
1.17 kristaps 203: the resulting tree is incomplete.
204: Returns 0 on failure, 1 on success.
1.1 kristaps 205: .It Fn man_node
1.17 kristaps 206: Returns the first node of the parse.
207: Note that if
1.1 kristaps 208: .Fn man_parseln
209: or
210: .Fn man_endparse
211: return 0, the tree will be incomplete.
212: .It Fn man_meta
1.17 kristaps 213: Returns the document's parsed meta-data.
214: If this information has not yet been supplied or
1.1 kristaps 215: .Fn man_parseln
216: or
217: .Fn man_endparse
218: return 0, the data will be incomplete.
219: .El
220: .Ss Variables
221: The following variables are also defined:
1.12 kristaps 222: .Bl -ohang
1.1 kristaps 223: .It Va man_macronames
224: An array of string-ified token names.
225: .El
226: .Ss Abstract Syntax Tree
1.7 kristaps 227: The
1.1 kristaps 228: .Nm
229: functions produce an abstract syntax tree (AST) describing input in a
1.17 kristaps 230: regular form.
231: It may be reviewed at any time with
1.1 kristaps 232: .Fn man_nodes ;
233: however, if called before
234: .Fn man_endparse ,
235: or after
1.7 kristaps 236: .Fn man_endparse
1.1 kristaps 237: or
238: .Fn man_parseln
1.7 kristaps 239: fail, it may be incomplete.
1.1 kristaps 240: .Pp
1.17 kristaps 241: This AST is governed by the ontological rules dictated in
1.1 kristaps 242: .Xr man 7
1.7 kristaps 243: and derives its terminology accordingly.
1.1 kristaps 244: .Pp
1.7 kristaps 245: The AST is composed of
1.1 kristaps 246: .Vt struct man_node
1.17 kristaps 247: nodes with element, root and text types as declared by the
1.1 kristaps 248: .Va type
1.17 kristaps 249: field.
250: Each node also provides its parse point (the
1.1 kristaps 251: .Va line ,
252: .Va sec ,
253: and
254: .Va pos
255: fields), its position in the tree (the
256: .Va parent ,
257: .Va child ,
1.7 kristaps 258: .Va next
1.1 kristaps 259: and
1.7 kristaps 260: .Va prev
1.1 kristaps 261: fields) and some type-specific data.
262: .Pp
263: The tree itself is arranged according to the following normal form,
264: where capitalised non-terminals represent nodes.
265: .Pp
1.12 kristaps 266: .Bl -tag -width "ELEMENTXX" -compact
1.1 kristaps 267: .It ROOT
268: \(<- mnode+
269: .It mnode
1.8 kristaps 270: \(<- ELEMENT | TEXT | BLOCK
271: .It BLOCK
272: \(<- HEAD BODY
273: .It HEAD
274: \(<- mnode*
275: .It BODY
276: \(<- mnode*
1.1 kristaps 277: .It ELEMENT
278: \(<- ELEMENT | TEXT*
279: .It TEXT
280: \(<- [[:alpha:]]*
281: .El
282: .Pp
283: The only elements capable of nesting other elements are those with
284: next-lint scope as documented in
285: .Xr man 7 .
286: .Sh EXAMPLES
287: The following example reads lines from stdin and parses them, operating
1.7 kristaps 288: on the finished parse tree with
1.1 kristaps 289: .Fn parsed .
1.12 kristaps 290: This example does not error-check nor free memory upon failure.
291: .Bd -literal -offset indent
1.21 kristaps 292: struct regset regs;
1.1 kristaps 293: struct man *man;
294: struct man_node *node;
295: char *buf;
296: size_t len;
297: int line;
298:
1.21 kristaps 299: bzero(®s, sizeof(struct regset));
1.1 kristaps 300: line = 1;
1.21 kristaps 301: man = man_alloc(®s, NULL, 0, NULL);
1.12 kristaps 302: buf = NULL;
303: alloc_len = 0;
1.1 kristaps 304:
1.12 kristaps 305: while ((len = getline(&buf, &alloc_len, stdin)) >= 0) {
306: if (len && buflen[len - 1] = '\en')
307: buf[len - 1] = '\e0';
308: if ( ! man_parseln(man, line, buf))
309: errx(1, "man_parseln");
310: line++;
1.1 kristaps 311: }
312:
1.12 kristaps 313: free(buf);
314:
1.1 kristaps 315: if ( ! man_endparse(man))
1.12 kristaps 316: errx(1, "man_endparse");
1.1 kristaps 317: if (NULL == (node = man_node(man)))
1.12 kristaps 318: errx(1, "man_node");
1.1 kristaps 319:
320: parsed(man, node);
321: man_free(man);
322: .Ed
1.17 kristaps 323: .Pp
324: Please see
325: .Pa main.c
326: in the source archive for a rigorous reference.
1.1 kristaps 327: .Sh SEE ALSO
328: .Xr mandoc 1 ,
329: .Xr man 7
330: .Sh AUTHORS
331: The
332: .Nm
1.17 kristaps 333: library was written by
1.12 kristaps 334: .An Kristaps Dzonsons Aq kristaps@bsd.lv .
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