=================================================================== RCS file: /cvs/mandoc/mandoc.1,v retrieving revision 1.157 retrieving revision 1.184 diff -u -p -r1.157 -r1.184 --- mandoc/mandoc.1 2015/03/27 21:40:04 1.157 +++ mandoc/mandoc.1 2017/03/27 18:51:36 1.184 @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -.\" $Id: mandoc.1,v 1.157 2015/03/27 21:40:04 schwarze Exp $ +.\" $Id: mandoc.1,v 1.184 2017/03/27 18:51:36 schwarze Exp $ .\" .\" Copyright (c) 2009, 2010, 2011 Kristaps Dzonsons -.\" Copyright (c) 2012, 2014, 2015 Ingo Schwarze +.\" Copyright (c) 2012, 2014-2017 Ingo Schwarze .\" .\" Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any .\" purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above @@ -15,19 +15,19 @@ .\" ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF .\" OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE. .\" -.Dd $Mdocdate: March 27 2015 $ +.Dd $Mdocdate: March 27 2017 $ .Dt MANDOC 1 .Os .Sh NAME .Nm mandoc -.Nd format and display UNIX manuals +.Nd format manual pages .Sh SYNOPSIS .Nm mandoc -.Op Fl acfhkl +.Op Fl ac .Op Fl I Cm os Ns = Ns Ar name .Op Fl K Ar encoding -.Op Fl m Ns Ar format -.Op Fl O Ar option +.Op Fl mdoc | man +.Op Fl O Ar options .Op Fl T Ar output .Op Fl W Ar level .Op Ar @@ -44,9 +44,7 @@ reads .Xr mdoc 7 or .Xr man 7 -text from stdin, implying -.Fl m Ns Cm andoc , -and produces +text from stdin and produces .Fl T Cm locale output. .Pp @@ -67,28 +65,16 @@ to paginate them. This is the default. It can be specified to override .Fl a . -.It Fl f -A synonym for -.Xr whatis 1 . -This overrides any earlier -.Fl k -and -.Fl l -options. .It Fl I Cm os Ns = Ns Ar name Override the default operating system .Ar name for the .Xr mdoc 7 -.Sq \&Os +.Ic \&Os and for the .Xr man 7 -.Sq \&TH +.Ic \&TH macro. -.It Fl h -Display only the SYNOPSIS lines. -Implies -.Fl c . .It Fl K Ar encoding Specify the input encoding. The supported @@ -98,46 +84,53 @@ arguments are .Cm iso-8859-1 , and .Cm utf-8 . -If not specified, autodetection uses the first match: -.Bl -tag -width iso-8859-1 -.It Cm utf-8 -if the first three bytes of the input file -are the UTF-8 byte order mark (BOM, 0xefbbbf) -.It Ar encoding -if the first or second line of the input file matches the +If not specified, autodetection uses the first match in the following +list: +.Bl -enum +.It +If the first three bytes of the input file are the UTF-8 byte order +mark (BOM, 0xefbbbf), input is interpreted as +.Cm utf-8 . +.It +If the first or second line of the input file matches the .Sy emacs mode line format .Pp .D1 .\e" -*- Oo ...; Oc coding: Ar encoding ; No -*- -.It Cm utf-8 -if the first non-ASCII byte in the file introduces a valid UTF-8 sequence -.It Cm iso-8859-1 -otherwise +.Pp +then input is interpreted according to +.Ar encoding . +.It +If the first non-ASCII byte in the file introduces a valid UTF-8 +sequence, input is interpreted as +.Cm utf-8 . +.It +Otherwise, input is interpreted as +.Cm iso-8859-1 . .El -.It Fl k -A synonym for -.Xr apropos 1 . -This overrides any earlier -.Fl f -and -.Fl l -options. -.It Fl l -A synonym for -.Fl a . -Also reverts any earlier -.Fl f -and -.Fl k -options. -.It Fl m Ns Ar format -Input format. -See -.Sx Input Formats -for available formats. -Defaults to -.Fl m Ns Cm andoc . -.It Fl O Ar option +.It Fl mdoc | man +With +.Fl mdoc , +all input files are interpreted as +.Xr mdoc 7 . +With +.Fl man , +all input files are interpreted as +.Xr man 7 . +By default, the input language is automatically detected for each file: +if the the first macro is +.Ic \&Dd +or +.Ic \&Dt , +the +.Xr mdoc 7 +parser is used; otherwise, the +.Xr man 7 +parser is used. +With other arguments, +.Fl m +is silently ignored. +.It Fl O Ar options Comma-separated output options. .It Fl T Ar output Output format. @@ -190,6 +183,9 @@ If multiple files are specified, will halt with the first failed parse. .El .Pp +The options +.Fl fhklw +are also supported and are documented in man(1). In .Fl f and @@ -197,60 +193,20 @@ and mode, .Nm also supports the options -.Fl CMmOSsw +.Fl CMmOSs described in the .Xr apropos 1 manual. -.Ss Input Formats -The -.Nm -utility accepts -.Xr mdoc 7 -and -.Xr man 7 -input with -.Fl m Ns Cm doc -and -.Fl m Ns Cm an , -respectively. -The -.Xr mdoc 7 -format is -.Em strongly -recommended; -.Xr man 7 -should only be used for legacy manuals. -.Pp -A third option, -.Fl m Ns Cm andoc , -which is also the default, determines encoding on-the-fly: if the first -non-comment macro is -.Sq \&Dd -or -.Sq \&Dt , -the -.Xr mdoc 7 -parser is used; otherwise, the -.Xr man 7 -parser is used. -.Pp -If multiple -files are specified with -.Fl m Ns Cm andoc , -each has its file-type determined this way. -If multiple files are -specified and -.Fl m Ns Cm doc -or -.Fl m Ns Cm an -is specified, then this format is used exclusively. +The options +.Fl fkl +are mutually exclusive and override each other. .Ss Output Formats The .Nm utility accepts the following .Fl T arguments, which correspond to output modes: -.Bl -tag -width "-T locale" +.Bl -tag -width "-T markdown" .It Fl T Cm ascii Produce 7-bit ASCII output. See @@ -274,6 +230,12 @@ Produce format output. See .Sx Man Output . +.It Fl T Cm markdown +Produce output in +.Sy markdown +format. +See +.Sx Markdown Output . .It Fl T Cm pdf Produce PDF output. See @@ -284,6 +246,8 @@ See .Sx PostScript Output . .It Fl T Cm tree Produce an indented parse tree. +See +.Sx Syntax tree output . .It Fl T Cm utf8 Encode output in the UTF\-8 multi-byte format. See @@ -347,7 +311,7 @@ Equations rendered from blocks use MathML. .Pp The -.Pa example.style.css +.Pa mandoc.css file documents style-sheet classes available for customising output. If a style-sheet is not specified with .Fl O Cm style , @@ -375,7 +339,7 @@ The string for example, .Ar ../src/%I.html , is used as a template for linked header files (usually via the -.Sq \&In +.Ic \&In macro). Instances of .Sq \&%I @@ -388,7 +352,7 @@ The string for example, .Ar ../html%S/%N.%S.html , is used as a template for linked manuals (usually via the -.Sq \&Xr +.Ic \&Xr macro). Instances of .Sq \&%N @@ -434,13 +398,47 @@ If the input format is .Xr man 7 , the input is copied to the output, expanding any .Xr roff 7 -.Sq so +.Ic so requests. The parser is also run, and as usual, the .Fl W level controls which .Sx DIAGNOSTICS are displayed before copying the input to the output. +.Ss Markdown Output +Translate +.Xr mdoc 7 +input to the +.Sy markdown +format conforming to +.Lk http://daringfireball.net/projects/markdown/syntax.text\ + "John Gruber's 2004 specification" . +The output also almost conforms to the +.Lk http://commonmark.org/ CommonMark +specification. +.Pp +The character set used for the markdown output is ASCII. +Non-ASCII characters are encoded as HTML entities. +Since that is not possible in literal font contexts, because these +are rendered as code spans and code blocks in the markdown output, +non-ASCII characters are transliterated to ASCII approximations in +these contexts. +.Pp +Markdown is a very weak markup language, so all semantic markup is +lost, and even part of the presentational markup may be lost. +Do not use this as an intermediate step in converting to HTML; +instead, use +.Fl T Cm html +directly. +.Pp +The +.Xr man 7 , +.Xr tbl 7 , +and +.Xr eqn 7 +input languages are not supported by +.Fl T Cm markdown +output mode. .Ss PDF Output PDF-1.1 output may be generated by .Fl T Cm pdf . @@ -490,20 +488,100 @@ to force a UTF\-8 locale. See .Sx Locale Output for details and options. +.Ss Syntax tree output +Use +.Fl T Cm tree +to show a human readable representation of the syntax tree. +It is useful for debugging the source code of manual pages. +The exact format is subject to change, so don't write parsers for it. +.Pp +The first paragraph shows meta data found in the +.Xr mdoc 7 +prologue, on the +.Xr man 7 +.Ic \&TH +line, or the fallbacks used. +.Pp +In the tree dump, each output line shows one syntax tree node. +Child nodes are indented with respect to their parent node. +The columns are: +.Pp +.Bl -enum -compact +.It +For macro nodes, the macro name; for text and +.Xr tbl 7 +nodes, the content. +There is a special format for +.Xr eqn 7 +nodes. +.It +Node type (text, elem, block, head, body, body-end, tail, tbl, eqn). +.It +Flags: +.Bl -dash -compact +.It +An opening parenthesis if the node is an opening delimiter. +.It +An asterisk if the node starts a new input line. +.It +The input line number (starting at one). +.It +A colon. +.It +The input column number (starting at one). +.It +A closing parenthesis if the node is a closing delimiter. +.It +A full stop if the node ends a sentence. +.It +BROKEN if the node is a block broken by another block. +.It +NOSRC if the node is not in the input file, +but automatically generated from macros. +.It +NOPRT if the node is not supposed to generate output +for any output format. +.El +.El +.Pp +The following +.Fl O +argument is accepted: +.Bl -tag -width Ds +.It Cm noval +Skip validation and show the unvalidated syntax tree. +This can help to find out whether a given behaviour is caused by +the parser or by the validator. +Meta data is not available in this case. +.El .Sh ENVIRONMENT .Bl -tag -width MANPAGER .It Ev MANPAGER Any non-empty value of the environment variable .Ev MANPAGER -will be used instead of the standard pagination program, -.Xr more 1 . +is used instead of the standard pagination program, +.Xr more 1 ; +see +.Xr man 1 +for details. +Only used if +.Fl a +or +.Fl l +is specified. .It Ev PAGER Specifies the pagination program to use when .Ev MANPAGER is not defined. If neither PAGER nor MANPAGER is defined, -.Pa /usr/bin/more Fl s -will be used. +.Xr more 1 +.Fl s +is used. +Only used if +.Fl a +or +.Fl l +is specified. .El .Sh EXIT STATUS The @@ -559,14 +637,14 @@ To page manuals to the terminal: .Dl $ mandoc mandoc.1 mdoc.3 mdoc.7 | less .Pp To produce HTML manuals with -.Ar style.css +.Pa mandoc.css as the style-sheet: .Pp -.Dl $ mandoc \-T html -O style=style.css mdoc.7 \*(Gt mdoc.7.html +.Dl $ mandoc \-T html -O style=mandoc.css mdoc.7 \*(Gt mdoc.7.html .Pp To check over a large set of manuals: .Pp -.Dl $ mandoc \-T lint `find /usr/src -name \e*\e.[1-9]` +.Dl $ mandoc \-T lint \(gafind /usr/src -name \e*\e.[1-9]\(ga .Pp To produce a series of PostScript manuals for A4 paper: .Pp @@ -767,11 +845,13 @@ This may confuse .Xr makewhatis 8 and .Xr apropos 1 . -.It Sy "NAME section without name" +.It Sy "NAME section without Nm before Nd" .Pq mdoc The NAME section does not contain any .Ic \&Nm -child macro. +child macro before the first +.Ic \&Nd +macro. .It Sy "NAME section without description" .Pq mdoc The NAME section lacks the mandatory @@ -788,12 +868,25 @@ The NAME section contains plain text or macros other t .Ic \&Nm and .Ic \&Nd . +.It Sy "missing comma before name" +.Pq mdoc +The NAME section contains an +.Ic \&Nm +macro that is neither the first one nor preceded by a comma. .It Sy "missing description line, using \(dq\(dq" .Pq mdoc The .Ic \&Nd macro lacks the required argument. The title line of the manual will end after the dash. +.It Sy "description line outside NAME section" +.Pq mdoc +An +.Ic \&Nd +macro appears outside the NAME section. +The arguments are printed anyway and the following text is used for +.Xr apropos 1 , +but none of that behaviour is portable. .It Sy "sections out of conventional order" .Pq mdoc A standard section occurs after another section it usually precedes. @@ -933,13 +1026,6 @@ list block contains text or macros before the first .Ic \&It macro. The offending children are moved before the beginning of the list. -.It Sy ".Vt block has child macro" -.Pq mdoc -The -.Ic \&Vt -macro supports plain text arguments only. -Formatting may be ugly and semantic searching -for the affected content might not work. .It Sy "fill mode already enabled, skipping" .Pq man A @@ -1112,6 +1198,13 @@ macro is immediately followed by an .Ic \&Re macro on the next input line. Such an empty block does not produce any output. +.It Sy "missing section argument" +.Pq mdoc +An +.Ic \&Xr +macro lacks its second, section number argument. +The first argument, i.e. the name, is printed, but without subsequent +parentheses. .It Sy "missing -std argument, adding it" .Pq mdoc An @@ -1294,6 +1387,10 @@ it is hard to predict which tab stop position the tab Whitespace at the end of input lines is almost never semantically significant \(em but in the odd case where it might be, it is extremely confusing when reviewing and maintaining documents. +.It Sy "new sentence, new line" +.Pq mdoc +A new sentence starts in the middle of a text line. +Start it on a new input line to help formatters produce correct spacing. .It Sy "bad comment style" .Pq roff Comment lines start with a dot, a backslash, and a double-quote character. @@ -1565,6 +1662,13 @@ By requesting the inclusion of a sensitive file, a mal might otherwise trick a privileged user into inadvertently displaying the file on the screen, revealing the file content to bystanders. The argument is ignored including the file name following it. +.It Sy "skipping display without arguments" +.Pq mdoc +A +.Ic \&Bd +block macro does not have any arguments. +The block is discarded, and the block content is displayed in +whatever mode was active before the block. .It Sy "missing list type, using -item" .Pq mdoc A @@ -1573,8 +1677,8 @@ macro fails to specify the list type. .It Sy "missing manual name, using \(dq\(dq" .Pq mdoc The first call to -.Ic \&Nm -lacks the required argument. +.Ic \&Nm , +or any call in the NAME section, lacks the required argument. .It Sy "uname(3) system call failed, using UNKNOWN" .Pq mdoc The @@ -1762,6 +1866,19 @@ as if they were a text line. .Xr mdoc 7 , .Xr roff 7 , .Xr tbl 7 +.Sh HISTORY +The +.Nm +utility first appeared in +.Ox 4.8 . +The option +.Fl I +appeared in +.Ox 5.2 , +and +.Fl aCcfhKklMSsw +in +.Ox 5.7 . .Sh AUTHORS .An -nosplit The @@ -1770,12 +1887,3 @@ utility was written by .An Kristaps Dzonsons Aq Mt kristaps@bsd.lv and is maintained by .An Ingo Schwarze Aq Mt schwarze@openbsd.org . -.Sh BUGS -In -.Fl T Cm html , -the maximum size of an element attribute is determined by -.Dv BUFSIZ , -which is usually 1024 bytes. -Be aware of this when setting long link -formats such as -.Fl O Cm style Ns = Ns Ar really/long/link .