mandoc/mandoc.1 - diff

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Diff for /mandoc/mandoc.1 between version 1.168 and 1.193

version 1.168, 2017/01/08 00:11:23

version 1.193, 2017/06/03 12:17:25

Line 20

.Os

.Sh NAME

.Nm mandoc

.Nd format and display UNIX manuals

.Nd format manual pages

.Sh SYNOPSIS

.Nm mandoc

.Op Fl acfhkl

.Op Fl ac

.Op Fl I Cm os Ns = Ns Ar name

.Op Fl K Ar encoding

.Op Fl m Ns Ar format

.Op Fl mdoc | man

.Op Fl O Ar option

.Op Fl O Ar options

.Op Fl T Ar output

.Op Fl W Ar level

.Op Ar

Line 44 reads

.Xr mdoc 7

.Xr man 7

text from stdin, implying

text from stdin and produces

.Fl m Ns Cm andoc ,

and produces

.Fl T Cm locale

output.

.Pp

Line 67 to paginate them.

Line 65 to paginate them.

This is the default.

It can be specified to override

.Fl a .

.It Fl f

A synonym for

.Xr whatis 1 .

This overrides any earlier

.Fl k

and

.Fl l

options.

.It Fl h

Display only the SYNOPSIS lines.

Implies

.Fl c .

.It Fl I Cm os Ns = Ns Ar name

Override the default operating system

.Ar name

for the

.Xr mdoc 7

.Sq \&Os

.Ic \&Os

and for the

.Xr man 7

.Sq \&TH

.Ic \&TH

macro.

.It Fl K Ar encoding

Specify the input encoding.

Line 98 arguments are

Line 84 arguments are

.Cm iso-8859-1 ,

and

.Cm utf-8 .

If not specified, autodetection uses the first match:

If not specified, autodetection uses the first match in the following

.Bl -tag -width iso-8859-1

list:

.It Cm utf-8

.Bl -enum

if the first three bytes of the input file

.It

are the UTF-8 byte order mark (BOM, 0xefbbbf)

If the first three bytes of the input file are the UTF-8 byte order

.It Ar encoding

mark (BOM, 0xefbbbf), input is interpreted as

if the first or second line of the input file matches the

.Cm utf-8 .

.It

If the first or second line of the input file matches the

.Sy emacs

mode line format

.Pp

.D1 .\e" -*- Oo ...; Oc coding: Ar encoding ; No -*-

.It Cm utf-8

.Pp

if the first non-ASCII byte in the file introduces a valid UTF-8 sequence

then input is interpreted according to

.It Cm iso-8859-1

.Ar encoding .

otherwise

.It

If the first non-ASCII byte in the file introduces a valid UTF-8

sequence, input is interpreted as

.Cm utf-8 .

.It

Otherwise, input is interpreted as

.Cm iso-8859-1 .

.El

.It Fl k

.It Fl mdoc | man

A synonym for

With

.Xr apropos 1 .

.Fl mdoc ,

This overrides any earlier

all input files are interpreted as

.Fl f

.Xr mdoc 7 .

and

With

.Fl l

.Fl man ,

options.

all input files are interpreted as

.It Fl l

.Xr man 7 .

A synonym for

By default, the input language is automatically detected for each file:

.Fl a .

if the the first macro is

Also reverts any earlier

.Ic \&Dd

.Fl f

and

.Ic \&Dt ,

.Fl k

the

options.

.Xr mdoc 7

.It Fl m Ns Ar format

parser is used; otherwise, the

Input format.

.Xr man 7

See

parser is used.

.Sx Input Formats

With other arguments,

for available formats.

.Fl m

Defaults to

is silently ignored.

.Fl m Ns Cm andoc .

.It Fl O Ar options

.It Fl O Ar option

Comma-separated output options.

.It Fl T Ar output

Output format.

Line 153 to be reported on the standard error output and to aff

Line 146 to be reported on the standard error output and to aff

The

.Ar level

can be

.Cm style ,

.Cm warning ,

.Cm error ,

.Cm unsupp ;

.Cm all

is an alias for

.Cm warning .

.Cm style .

By default,

.Nm

is silent.

Line 190 If multiple files are specified,

Line 184 If multiple files are specified,

will halt with the first failed parse.

.El

.Pp

The options

.Fl fhklw

are also supported and are documented in man(1).

.Fl f

and

Line 197 and

Line 194 and

mode,

.Nm

also supports the options

.Fl CMmOSsw

.Fl CMmOSs

described in the

.Xr apropos 1

manual.

.Ss Input Formats

The options

The

.Fl fkl

.Nm

are mutually exclusive and override each other.

utility accepts

.Xr mdoc 7

and

.Xr man 7

input with

.Fl m Ns Cm doc

and

.Fl m Ns Cm an ,

respectively.

The

.Xr mdoc 7

format is

.Em strongly

recommended;

.Xr man 7

should only be used for legacy manuals.

.Pp

A third option,

.Fl m Ns Cm andoc ,

which is also the default, determines encoding on-the-fly: if the first

non-comment macro is

.Sq \&Dd

.Sq \&Dt ,

the

.Xr mdoc 7

parser is used; otherwise, the

.Xr man 7

parser is used.

.Pp

If multiple

files are specified with

.Fl m Ns Cm andoc ,

each has its file-type determined this way.

If multiple files are

specified and

.Fl m Ns Cm doc

.Fl m Ns Cm an

is specified, then this format is used exclusively.

.Ss Output Formats

The

.Nm

utility accepts the following

.Fl T

arguments, which correspond to output modes:

.Bl -tag -width "-T locale"

.Bl -tag -width "-T markdown"

.It Fl T Cm ascii

Produce 7-bit ASCII output.

See

Line 262 See

Line 219 See

.It Fl T Cm lint

Parse only: produce no output.

Implies

.Fl W Cm warning .

.Fl W Cm style .

.It Fl T Cm locale

Encode output using the current locale.

This is the default.

Line 274 Produce

Line 231 Produce

format output.

See

.Sx Man Output .

.It Fl T Cm markdown

Produce output in

.Sy markdown

format.

See

.Sx Markdown Output .

.It Fl T Cm pdf

Produce PDF output.

See

Line 290 See

Line 253 See

Encode output in the UTF\-8 multi-byte format.

See

.Sx UTF\-8 Output .

.It Fl T Cm xhtml

This is a synonym for

.Fl T Cm html .

.El

.Pp

If multiple input files are specified, these will be processed by the

Line 377 The string

Line 337 The string

for example,

.Ar ../src/%I.html ,

is used as a template for linked header files (usually via the

.Sq \&In

.Ic \&In

macro).

Instances of

.Sq \&%I

Line 390 The string

Line 350 The string

for example,

.Ar ../html%S/%N.%S.html ,

is used as a template for linked manuals (usually via the

.Sq \&Xr

.Ic \&Xr

macro).

Instances of

.Sq \&%N

Line 436 If the input format is

Line 396 If the input format is

.Xr man 7 ,

the input is copied to the output, expanding any

.Xr roff 7

.Sq so

.Ic so

requests.

The parser is also run, and as usual, the

.Fl W

level controls which

.Sx DIAGNOSTICS

are displayed before copying the input to the output.

.Ss Markdown Output

Translate

.Xr mdoc 7

input to the

.Sy markdown

format conforming to

.Lk http://daringfireball.net/projects/markdown/syntax.text\

"John Gruber's 2004 specification" .

The output also almost conforms to the

.Lk http://commonmark.org/ CommonMark

specification.

.Pp

The character set used for the markdown output is ASCII.

Non-ASCII characters are encoded as HTML entities.

Since that is not possible in literal font contexts, because these

are rendered as code spans and code blocks in the markdown output,

non-ASCII characters are transliterated to ASCII approximations in

these contexts.

.Pp

Markdown is a very weak markup language, so all semantic markup is

lost, and even part of the presentational markup may be lost.

Do not use this as an intermediate step in converting to HTML;

instead, use

.Fl T Cm html

directly.

.Pp

The

.Xr man 7 ,

.Xr tbl 7 ,

and

.Xr eqn 7

input languages are not supported by

.Fl T Cm markdown

output mode.

.Ss PDF Output

PDF-1.1 output may be generated by

.Fl T Cm pdf .

Line 498 Use

Line 492 Use

to show a human readable representation of the syntax tree.

It is useful for debugging the source code of manual pages.

The exact format is subject to change, so don't write parsers for it.

Each output line shows one syntax tree node.

.Pp

The first paragraph shows meta data found in the

.Xr mdoc 7

prologue, on the

.Xr man 7

.Ic \&TH

line, or the fallbacks used.

.Pp

In the tree dump, each output line shows one syntax tree node.

Child nodes are indented with respect to their parent node.

The columns are:

.Pp

Line 529 The input column number (starting at one).

Line 531 The input column number (starting at one).

A closing parenthesis if the node is a closing delimiter.

.It

A full stop if the node ends a sentence.

.It

BROKEN if the node is a block broken by another block.

.It

NOSRC if the node is not in the input file,

but automatically generated from macros.

.It

NOPRT if the node is not supposed to generate output

for any output format.

.El

.Pp

The following

.Fl O

argument is accepted:

.Bl -tag -width Ds

.It Cm noval

Skip validation and show the unvalidated syntax tree.

This can help to find out whether a given behaviour is caused by

the parser or by the validator.

Meta data is not available in this case.

.El

.Sh ENVIRONMENT

.Bl -tag -width MANPAGER

.It Ev MANPAGER

Any non-empty value of the environment variable

.Ev MANPAGER

will be used instead of the standard pagination program,

is used instead of the standard pagination program,

.Xr more 1 .

.Xr more 1 ;

see

.Xr man 1

for details.

Only used if

.Fl a

.Fl l

is specified.

.It Ev PAGER

Specifies the pagination program to use when

.Ev MANPAGER

Line 545 is not defined.

Line 574 is not defined.

If neither PAGER nor MANPAGER is defined,

.Xr more 1

.Fl s

will be used.

is used.

Only used if

.Fl a

.Fl l

is specified.

.El

.Sh EXIT STATUS

The

Line 558 option:

Line 592 option:

.Pp

.Bl -tag -width Ds -compact

.It 0

No warnings or errors occurred, or those that did were ignored because

No style suggestions, warnings or errors occurred, or those that

they were lower than the requested

did were ignored because they were lower than the requested

.Ar level .

.It 1

At least one style suggestion occurred, but no warning or error, and

.Fl W Cm style

was specified.

.It 2

At least one warning occurred, but no error, and

.Fl W Cm warning

.Fl W Cm style

was specified.

.It 3

At least one parsing error occurred,

but no unsupported feature was encountered, and

.Fl W Cm error

or a lower

.Fl W Cm warning

.Ar level

was specified.

was requested.

.It 4

At least one unsupported feature was encountered, and

.Fl W Cm unsupp ,

.Fl W Cm unsupp

.Fl W Cm error

or a lower

.Ar level

.Fl W Cm warning

was requested.

was specified.

.It 5

Invalid command line arguments were specified.

No input files have been read.

Line 593 to exit at once, possibly in the middle of parsing or

Line 632 to exit at once, possibly in the middle of parsing or

Note that selecting

.Fl T Cm lint

output mode implies

.Fl W Cm warning .

.Fl W Cm style .

.Sh EXAMPLES

To page manuals to the terminal:

.Pp

.Dl $ mandoc \-W all,stop mandoc.1 2\*(Gt&1 | less

.Dl $ mandoc -l mandoc.1 man.1 apropos.1 makewhatis.8

.Dl $ mandoc mandoc.1 mdoc.3 mdoc.7 | less

.Pp

To produce HTML manuals with

.Pa mandoc.css

Line 678 rendering can be produced.

Line 716 rendering can be produced.

Documents causing warnings may render poorly when using other

formatting tools instead of

.Nm .

.It Cm style

An input file uses dubious or discouraged style.

This is not a complaint about the syntax, and probably neither

formatting nor portability are in danger.

While great care is taken to avoid false positives on the higher

message levels, the

.Cm style

level tries to reduce the probability that issues go unnoticed,

so it may occasionally issue bogus suggestions.

Please use your good judgement to decide whether any particular

.Cm style

suggestion really justifies a change to the input file.

.El

.Pp

Messages of the

.Cm style ,

.Cm warning ,

.Cm error ,

and

Line 691 are hidden unless their level, or a lower level, is re

Line 742 are hidden unless their level, or a lower level, is re

option or

.Fl T Cm lint

output mode.

.Ss Style messages

.Bl -ohang

.It Sy "useless macro"

.Pq mdoc

.Ic \&Bt ,

.Ic \&Tn ,

.Ic \&Ud

macro was found.

Simply delete it: it serves no useful purpose.

.It Sy "consider using OS macro"

.Pq mdoc

A string was found in plain text or in a

.Ic \&Bx

macro that could be represented using

.Ic \&Ox ,

.Ic \&Nx ,

.Ic \&Fx ,

.Ic \&Dx .

.It Sy "description line ends with a full stop"

.Pq mdoc

Do not use punctuation at the end of an

.Ic \&Nd

block.

.El

.Ss Warnings related to the document prologue

.Bl -ohang

.It Sy "missing manual title, using UNTITLED"

Line 843 The

Line 921 The

.Ic \&Nd

macro lacks the required argument.

The title line of the manual will end after the dash.

.It Sy "description line outside NAME section"

.Pq mdoc

.Ic \&Nd

macro appears outside the NAME section.

The arguments are printed anyway and the following text is used for

.Xr apropos 1 ,

but none of that behaviour is portable.

.It Sy "sections out of conventional order"

.Pq mdoc

A standard section occurs after another section it usually precedes.

Line 1061 or

Line 1147 or

.Ic \&Bl

.Fl offset

.Fl width.

.Fl width .

.It Sy "missing display type, using -ragged"

.Pq mdoc

The

Line 1343 it is hard to predict which tab stop position the tab

Line 1429 it is hard to predict which tab stop position the tab

Whitespace at the end of input lines is almost never semantically

significant \(em but in the odd case where it might be, it is

extremely confusing when reviewing and maintaining documents.

.It Sy "new sentence, new line"

.Pq mdoc

A new sentence starts in the middle of a text line.

Start it on a new input line to help formatters produce correct spacing.

.It Sy "bad comment style"

.Pq roff

Comment lines start with a dot, a backslash, and a double-quote character.

Line 1818 as if they were a text line.

Line 1908 as if they were a text line.

.Xr mdoc 7 ,

.Xr roff 7 ,

.Xr tbl 7

.Sh HISTORY

The

.Nm

utility first appeared in

.Ox 4.8 .

The option

.Fl I

appeared in

.Ox 5.2 ,

and

.Fl aCcfhKklMSsw

.Ox 5.7 .

.Sh AUTHORS

.An -nosplit

The

Line 1826 utility was written by

Line 1929 utility was written by

.An Kristaps Dzonsons Aq Mt kristaps@bsd.lv

and is maintained by

.An Ingo Schwarze Aq Mt schwarze@openbsd.org .

.Sh BUGS

.Fl T Cm html ,

the maximum size of an element attribute is determined by

.Dv BUFSIZ ,

which is usually 1024 bytes.

Be aware of this when setting long link

formats such as

.Fl O Cm style Ns = Ns Ar really/long/link .

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