===================================================================
RCS file: /cvs/mandoc/mandoc.1,v
retrieving revision 1.59
retrieving revision 1.102
diff -u -p -r1.59 -r1.102
--- mandoc/mandoc.1	2010/04/13 05:26:49	1.59
+++ mandoc/mandoc.1	2013/03/06 08:08:24	1.102
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
-.\"	$Id: mandoc.1,v 1.59 2010/04/13 05:26:49 kristaps Exp $
+.\"	$Id: mandoc.1,v 1.102 2013/03/06 08:08:24 schwarze Exp $
 .\"
-.\" Copyright (c) 2009 Kristaps Dzonsons <kristaps@bsd.lv>
+.\" Copyright (c) 2009, 2010, 2011 Kristaps Dzonsons <kristaps@bsd.lv>
+.\" Copyright (c) 2012 Ingo Schwarze <schwarze@openbsd.org>
 .\"
 .\" Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any
 .\" purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
@@ -14,7 +15,7 @@
 .\" ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF
 .\" OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
 .\"
-.Dd $Mdocdate: April 13 2010 $
+.Dd $Mdocdate: March 6 2013 $
 .Dt MANDOC 1
 .Os
 .Sh NAME
@@ -23,25 +24,44 @@
 .Sh SYNOPSIS
 .Nm mandoc
 .Op Fl V
-.Op Fl f Ns Ar option
+.Sm off
+.Op Fl I Cm os Li = Ar name
+.Sm on
 .Op Fl m Ns Ar format
 .Op Fl O Ns Ar option
 .Op Fl T Ns Ar output
-.Op Fl W Ns Ar err
-.Op Ar file...
+.Op Fl W Ns Ar level
+.Op Ar
 .Sh DESCRIPTION
 The
 .Nm
 utility formats
 .Ux
 manual pages for display.
+.Pp
+By default,
+.Nm
+reads
+.Xr mdoc 7
+or
+.Xr man 7
+text from stdin, implying
+.Fl m Ns Cm andoc ,
+and produces
+.Fl T Ns Cm ascii
+output.
+.Pp
 The arguments are as follows:
 .Bl -tag -width Ds
-.It Fl f Ns Ar option
-Comma-separated compiler options.
-See
-.Sx Compiler Options
-for details.
+.Sm off
+.It Fl I Cm os Li = Ar name
+.Sm on
+Override the default operating system
+.Ar name
+for the
+.Xr mdoc 7
+.Sq \&Os
+macro.
 .It Fl m Ns Ar format
 Input format.
 See
@@ -51,9 +71,6 @@ Defaults to
 .Fl m Ns Cm andoc .
 .It Fl O Ns Ar option
 Comma-separated output options.
-See
-.Sx Output Options
-for details.
 .It Fl T Ns Ar output
 Output format.
 See
@@ -63,18 +80,41 @@ Defaults to
 .Fl T Ns Cm ascii .
 .It Fl V
 Print version and exit.
-.It Fl W Ns Ar err
-Comma-separated warning options.
-Use
+.It Fl W Ns Ar level
+Specify the minimum message
+.Ar level
+to be reported on the standard error output and to affect the exit status.
+The
+.Ar level
+can be
+.Cm warning ,
+.Cm error ,
+or
+.Cm fatal .
+The default is
+.Fl W Ns Cm fatal ;
 .Fl W Ns Cm all
-to print warnings,
-.Fl W Ns Cm error
-for warnings to be considered errors and cause utility
-termination.
-Multiple
-.Fl W
-arguments may be comma-separated, such as
-.Fl W Ns Cm error , Ns Cm all .
+is an alias for
+.Fl W Ns Cm warning .
+See
+.Sx EXIT STATUS
+and
+.Sx DIAGNOSTICS
+for details.
+.Pp
+The special option
+.Fl W Ns Cm stop
+tells
+.Nm
+to exit after parsing a file that causes warnings or errors of at least
+the requested level.
+No formatted output will be produced from that file.
+If both a
+.Ar level
+and
+.Cm stop
+are requested, they can be joined with a comma, for example
+.Fl W Ns Cm error , Ns Cm stop .
 .It Ar file
 Read input from zero or more files.
 If unspecified, reads from stdin.
@@ -82,20 +122,6 @@ If multiple files are specified,
 .Nm
 will halt with the first failed parse.
 .El
-.Pp
-By default,
-.Nm
-reads
-.Xr mdoc 7
-or
-.Xr man 7
-text from stdin, implying
-.Fl m Ns Cm andoc ,
-and produces
-.Fl T Ns Cm ascii
-output.
-.Pp
-.Ex -std mandoc
 .Ss Input Formats
 The
 .Nm
@@ -144,75 +170,134 @@ The
 .Nm
 utility accepts the following
 .Fl T
-arguments (see
-.Sx OUTPUT ) :
-.Bl -tag -width Ds
+arguments, which correspond to output modes:
+.Bl -tag -width "-Tlocale"
 .It Fl T Ns Cm ascii
-Produce 7-bit ASCII output, backspace-encoded for bold and underline
-styles.
+Produce 7-bit ASCII output.
 This is the default.
 See
 .Sx ASCII Output .
 .It Fl T Ns Cm html
-Produce strict HTML-4.01 output, with a sane default style.
+Produce strict CSS1/HTML-4.01 output.
 See
 .Sx HTML Output .
 .It Fl T Ns Cm lint
 Parse only: produce no output.
 Implies
-.Fl W Ns Cm all
-and
-.Fl f Ns Cm strict .
+.Fl W Ns Cm warning .
+.It Fl T Ns Cm locale
+Encode output using the current locale.
+See
+.Sx Locale Output .
+.It Fl T Ns Cm man
+Produce
+.Xr man 7
+format output.
+See
+.Sx Man Output .
+.It Fl T Ns Cm pdf
+Produce PDF output.
+See
+.Sx PDF Output .
+.It Fl T Ns Cm ps
+Produce PostScript output.
+See
+.Sx PostScript Output .
 .It Fl T Ns Cm tree
 Produce an indented parse tree.
+.It Fl T Ns Cm utf8
+Encode output in the UTF\-8 multi-byte format.
+See
+.Sx UTF\-8 Output .
 .It Fl T Ns Cm xhtml
-Produce strict XHTML-1.0 output, with a sane default style.
+Produce strict CSS1/XHTML-1.0 output.
 See
 .Sx XHTML Output .
 .El
 .Pp
 If multiple input files are specified, these will be processed by the
 corresponding filter in-order.
-.Ss Compiler Options
-Default compiler behaviour may be overridden with the
-.Fl f
-flag.
+.Ss ASCII Output
+Output produced by
+.Fl T Ns Cm ascii ,
+which is the default, is rendered in standard 7-bit ASCII documented in
+.Xr ascii 7 .
+.Pp
+Font styles are applied by using back-spaced encoding such that an
+underlined character
+.Sq c
+is rendered as
+.Sq _ Ns \e[bs] Ns c ,
+where
+.Sq \e[bs]
+is the back-space character number 8.
+Emboldened characters are rendered as
+.Sq c Ns \e[bs] Ns c .
+.Pp
+The special characters documented in
+.Xr mandoc_char 7
+are rendered best-effort in an ASCII equivalent.
+If no equivalent is found,
+.Sq \&?
+is used instead.
+.Pp
+Output width is limited to 78 visible columns unless literal input lines
+exceed this limit.
+.Pp
+The following
+.Fl O
+arguments are accepted:
 .Bl -tag -width Ds
-.It Fl f Ns Cm ign-errors
-When parsing multiple files, don't halt when one errors out.
-Useful with
-.Fl T Ns Cm lint
-over a large set of manuals passed on the command line.
-.It Fl f Ns Cm ign-escape
-Ignore invalid escape sequences.
-This is the default, but the option can be used to override an earlier
-.Fl f Ns Cm strict .
-.It Fl f Ns Cm ign-scope
-When rewinding the scope of a block macro, forces the compiler to ignore
-scope violations.
-This can seriously mangle the resulting tree.
-.Pq mdoc only
-.It Fl f Ns Cm no-ign-chars
-Do not ignore disallowed characters.
-.It Fl f Ns Cm no-ign-escape
-Do not ignore invalid escape sequences.
-.It Fl f Ns Cm no-ign-macro
-Do not ignore unknown macros at the start of input lines.
-.It Fl f Ns Cm strict
-Implies
-.Fl f Ns Cm no-ign-escape ,
-.Fl f Ns Cm no-ign-macro ,
-and
-.Fl f Ns Cm no-ign-chars .
+.It Cm indent Ns = Ns Ar indent
+The left margin for normal text is set to
+.Ar indent
+blank characters instead of the default of five for
+.Xr mdoc 7
+and seven for
+.Xr man 7 .
+Increasing this is not recommended; it may result in degraded formatting,
+for example overfull lines or ugly line breaks.
+.It Cm width Ns = Ns Ar width
+The output width is set to
+.Ar width ,
+which will normalise to \(>=60.
 .El
-.Ss Output Options
-For the time being, only
-.Fl T Ns Ar html
-and
-.Fl T Ns Ar xhtml
-accept output options:
+.Ss HTML Output
+Output produced by
+.Fl T Ns Cm html
+conforms to HTML-4.01 strict.
+.Pp
+The
+.Pa example.style.css
+file documents style-sheet classes available for customising output.
+If a style-sheet is not specified with
+.Fl O Ns Ar style ,
+.Fl T Ns Cm html
+defaults to simple output readable in any graphical or text-based web
+browser.
+.Pp
+Special characters are rendered in decimal-encoded UTF\-8.
+.Pp
+The following
+.Fl O
+arguments are accepted:
 .Bl -tag -width Ds
-.It Fl O Ns Cm includes Ns = Ns Ar fmt
+.It Cm fragment
+Omit the
+.Aq !DOCTYPE
+declaration and the
+.Aq html ,
+.Aq head ,
+and
+.Aq body
+elements and only emit the subtree below the
+.Aq body
+element.
+The
+.Cm style
+argument will be ignored.
+This is useful when embedding manual content within existing documents.
+.It Cm includes Ns = Ns Ar fmt
 The string
 .Ar fmt ,
 for example,
@@ -225,7 +310,7 @@ Instances of
 are replaced with the include filename.
 The default is not to present a
 hyperlink.
-.It Fl O Ns Cm man Ns = Ns Ar fmt
+.It Cm man Ns = Ns Ar fmt
 The string
 .Ar fmt ,
 for example,
@@ -241,101 +326,96 @@ are replaced with the linked manual's name and section
 If no section is included, section 1 is assumed.
 The default is not to
 present a hyperlink.
-.It Fl O Ns Cm style Ns = Ns Ar style.css
+.It Cm style Ns = Ns Ar style.css
 The file
 .Ar style.css
 is used for an external style-sheet.
 This must be a valid absolute or
 relative URI.
 .El
-.Sh OUTPUT
-This section documents output details of
-.Nm .
-In general, output conforms to the traditional manual style of a header,
-a body composed of sections and sub-sections, and a footer.
+.Ss Locale Output
+Locale-depending output encoding is triggered with
+.Fl T Ns Cm locale .
+This option is not available on all systems: systems without locale
+support, or those whose internal representation is not natively UCS-4,
+will fall back to
+.Fl T Ns Cm ascii .
+See
+.Sx ASCII Output
+for font style specification and available command-line arguments.
+.Ss Man Output
+Translate input format into
+.Xr man 7
+output format.
+This is useful for distributing manual sources to legacy systems
+lacking
+.Xr mdoc 7
+formatters.
 .Pp
-The text style of output characters (non-macro characters, punctuation,
-and white-space) is dictated by context.
-.Pp
-White-space is generally stripped from input.
-This can be changed with
-character escapes (specified in
-.Xr mandoc_char 7 )
-or literal modes (specified in
+If
 .Xr mdoc 7
-and
-.Xr man 7 ) .
+is passed as input, it is translated into
+.Xr man 7 .
+If the input format is
+.Xr man 7 ,
+the input is copied to the output, expanding any
+.Xr roff 7
+.Sq so
+requests.
+The parser is also run, and as usual, the
+.Fl W
+level controls which
+.Sx DIAGNOSTICS
+are displayed before copying the input to the output.
+.Ss PDF Output
+PDF-1.1 output may be generated by
+.Fl T Ns Cm pdf .
+See
+.Sx PostScript Output
+for
+.Fl O
+arguments and defaults.
+.Ss PostScript Output
+PostScript
+.Qq Adobe-3.0
+Level-2 pages may be generated by
+.Fl T Ns Cm ps .
+Output pages default to letter sized and are rendered in the Times font
+family, 11-point.
+Margins are calculated as 1/9 the page length and width.
+Line-height is 1.4m.
 .Pp
-If non-macro punctuation is set apart from words, such as in the phrase
-.Dq to be \&, or not to be ,
-it's processed by
-.Nm ,
-regardless of output format, according to the following rules:  opening
-punctuation
-.Po
-.Sq \&( ,
-.Sq \&[ ,
-and
-.Sq \&{
-.Pc
-is not followed by a space; closing punctuation
-.Po
-.Sq \&. ,
-.Sq \&, ,
-.Sq \&; ,
-.Sq \&: ,
-.Sq \&? ,
-.Sq \&! ,
-.Sq \&) ,
-.Sq \&]
-and
-.Sq \&}
-.Pc
-is not preceded by white-space.
+Special characters are rendered as in
+.Sx ASCII Output .
 .Pp
-If the input is
-.Xr mdoc 7 ,
-however, these rules are also applied to macro arguments when appropriate.
-.Ss ASCII Output
-Output produced by
-.Fl T Ns Cm ascii ,
-which is the default, is rendered in standard 7-bit ASCII documented in
-.Xr ascii 7 .
-.Pp
-Font styles are applied by using back-spaced encoding such that an
-underlined character
-.Sq c
-is rendered as
-.Sq _ Ns \e[bs] Ns c ,
-where
-.Sq \e[bs]
-is the back-space character number 8.
-Emboldened characters are rendered as
-.Sq c Ns \e[bs] Ns c .
-.Pp
-The special characters documented in
-.Xr mandoc_char 7
-are rendered best-effort in an ASCII equivalent.
-.Pp
-Output width is limited to 78 visible columns unless literal input lines
-exceed this limit.
-.Ss HTML Output
-Output produced by
-.Fl T Ns Cm html
-conforms to HTML-4.01 strict.
-.Pp
-Font styles and page structure are applied using CSS2.
-By default, no font style is applied to any text,
-although CSS2 is hard-coded to format
-the basic structure of output.
-.Pp
-The
-.Pa example.style.css
-file documents the range of styles applied to output and, if used, will
-cause rendered documents to appear as they do in
-.Fl T Ns Cm ascii .
-.Pp
-Special characters are rendered in decimal-encoded UTF-8.
+The following
+.Fl O
+arguments are accepted:
+.Bl -tag -width Ds
+.It Cm paper Ns = Ns Ar name
+The paper size
+.Ar name
+may be one of
+.Ar a3 ,
+.Ar a4 ,
+.Ar a5 ,
+.Ar legal ,
+or
+.Ar letter .
+You may also manually specify dimensions as
+.Ar NNxNN ,
+width by height in millimetres.
+If an unknown value is encountered,
+.Ar letter
+is used.
+.El
+.Ss UTF\-8 Output
+Use
+.Fl T Ns Cm utf8
+to force a UTF\-8 locale.
+See
+.Sx Locale Output
+for details and options.
 .Ss XHTML Output
 Output produced by
 .Fl T Ns Cm xhtml
@@ -345,34 +425,153 @@ See
 .Sx HTML Output
 for details; beyond generating XHTML tags instead of HTML tags, these
 output modes are identical.
+.Sh EXIT STATUS
+The
+.Nm
+utility exits with one of the following values, controlled by the message
+.Ar level
+associated with the
+.Fl W
+option:
+.Pp
+.Bl -tag -width Ds -compact
+.It 0
+No warnings or errors occurred, or those that did were ignored because
+they were lower than the requested
+.Ar level .
+.It 2
+At least one warning occurred, but no error, and
+.Fl W Ns Cm warning
+was specified.
+.It 3
+At least one parsing error occurred, but no fatal error, and
+.Fl W Ns Cm error
+or
+.Fl W Ns Cm warning
+was specified.
+.It 4
+A fatal parsing error occurred.
+.It 5
+Invalid command line arguments were specified.
+No input files have been read.
+.It 6
+An operating system error occurred, for example memory exhaustion or an
+error accessing input files.
+Such errors cause
+.Nm
+to exit at once, possibly in the middle of parsing or formatting a file.
+.El
+.Pp
+Note that selecting
+.Fl T Ns Cm lint
+output mode implies
+.Fl W Ns Cm warning .
 .Sh EXAMPLES
 To page manuals to the terminal:
 .Pp
-.D1 $ mandoc \-Wall,error \-fstrict mandoc.1 2\*(Gt&1 | less
-.D1 $ mandoc mandoc.1 mdoc.3 mdoc.7 | less
+.Dl $ mandoc \-Wall,stop mandoc.1 2\*(Gt&1 | less
+.Dl $ mandoc mandoc.1 mdoc.3 mdoc.7 | less
 .Pp
 To produce HTML manuals with
 .Ar style.css
 as the style-sheet:
 .Pp
-.D1 $ mandoc \-Thtml -Ostyle=style.css mdoc.7 \*(Gt mdoc.7.html
+.Dl $ mandoc \-Thtml -Ostyle=style.css mdoc.7 \*(Gt mdoc.7.html
 .Pp
 To check over a large set of manuals:
 .Pp
-.Dl $ mandoc \-Tlint \-fign-errors `find /usr/src -name \e*\e.[1-9]`
+.Dl $ mandoc \-Tlint `find /usr/src -name \e*\e.[1-9]`
+.Pp
+To produce a series of PostScript manuals for A4 paper:
+.Pp
+.Dl $ mandoc \-Tps \-Opaper=a4 mdoc.7 man.7 \*(Gt manuals.ps
+.Pp
+Convert a modern
+.Xr mdoc 7
+manual to the older
+.Xr man 7
+format, for use on systems lacking an
+.Xr mdoc 7
+parser:
+.Pp
+.Dl $ mandoc \-Tman foo.mdoc \*(Gt foo.man
+.Sh DIAGNOSTICS
+Standard error messages reporting parsing errors are prefixed by
+.Pp
+.Sm off
+.D1 Ar file : line : column : \ level :
+.Sm on
+.Pp
+where the fields have the following meanings:
+.Bl -tag -width "column"
+.It Ar file
+The name of the input file causing the message.
+.It Ar line
+The line number in that input file.
+Line numbering starts at 1.
+.It Ar column
+The column number in that input file.
+Column numbering starts at 1.
+If the issue is caused by a word, the column number usually
+points to the first character of the word.
+.It Ar level
+The message level, printed in capital letters.
+.El
+.Pp
+Message levels have the following meanings:
+.Bl -tag -width "warning"
+.It Cm fatal
+The parser is unable to parse a given input file at all.
+No formatted output is produced from that input file.
+.It Cm error
+An input file contains syntax that cannot be safely interpreted,
+either because it is invalid or because
+.Nm
+does not implement it yet.
+By discarding part of the input or inserting missing tokens,
+the parser is able to continue, and the error does not prevent
+generation of formatted output, but typically, preparing that
+output involves information loss, broken document structure
+or unintended formatting.
+.It Cm warning
+An input file uses obsolete, discouraged or non-portable syntax.
+All the same, the meaning of the input is unambiguous and a correct
+rendering can be produced.
+Documents causing warnings may render poorly when using other
+formatting tools instead of
+.Nm .
+.El
+.Pp
+Messages of the
+.Cm warning
+and
+.Cm error
+levels are hidden unless their level, or a lower level, is requested using a
+.Fl W
+option or
+.Fl T Ns Cm lint
+output mode.
+.Pp
+The
+.Nm
+utility may also print messages related to invalid command line arguments
+or operating system errors, for example when memory is exhausted or
+input files cannot be read.
+Such messages do not carry the prefix described above.
 .Sh COMPATIBILITY
 This section summarises
 .Nm
-compatibility with
-.Xr groff 1 .
+compatibility with GNU troff.
 Each input and output format is separately noted.
 .Ss ASCII Compatibility
 .Bl -bullet -compact
 .It
-The
-.Sq \e~
-special character doesn't produce expected behaviour in
-.Fl T Ns Cm ascii .
+Unrenderable unicode codepoints specified with
+.Sq \e[uNNNN]
+escapes are printed as
+.Sq \&?
+in mandoc.
+In GNU troff, these raise an error.
 .It
 The
 .Sq \&Bd \-literal
@@ -384,9 +583,7 @@ in
 .Fl T Ns Cm ascii
 are synonyms, as are \-filled and \-ragged.
 .It
-In
-.Xr groff 1 ,
-the
+In historic GNU troff, the
 .Sq \&Pa
 .Xr mdoc 7
 macro does not underline when scoped under an
@@ -411,13 +608,6 @@ macro in
 has no effect.
 .It
 Words aren't hyphenated.
-.It
-In normal mode (not a literal block), blocks of spaces aren't preserved,
-so double spaces following sentence closure are reduced to a single space;
-.Xr groff 1
-retains spaces.
-.It
-Sentences are unilaterally monospaced.
 .El
 .Ss HTML/XHTML Compatibility
 .Bl -bullet -compact
@@ -450,24 +640,19 @@ and
 lists render similarly.
 .El
 .Sh SEE ALSO
+.Xr eqn 7 ,
 .Xr man 7 ,
 .Xr mandoc_char 7 ,
-.Xr mdoc 7
+.Xr mdoc 7 ,
+.Xr roff 7 ,
+.Xr tbl 7
 .Sh AUTHORS
 The
 .Nm
 utility was written by
-.An Kristaps Dzonsons Aq kristaps@bsd.lv .
+.An Kristaps Dzonsons ,
+.Mt kristaps@bsd.lv .
 .Sh CAVEATS
-The
-.Fl T Ns Cm html
-and
-.Fl T Ns Cm xhtml
-CSS2 styling used for
-.Fl m Ns Cm doc
-input lists does not render properly in older browsers, such as Internet
-Explorer 6 and earlier.
-.Pp
 In
 .Fl T Ns Cm html
 and
@@ -479,17 +664,6 @@ Be aware of this when setting long link
 formats such as
 .Fl O Ns Cm style Ns = Ns Ar really/long/link .
 .Pp
-The
-.Fl T Ns Cm html
-and
-.Fl T Ns Cm xhtml
-output modes don't render the
-.Sq \es
-font size escape documented in
-.Xr mdoc 7
-and
-.Xr man 7 .
-.Pp
 Nesting elements within next-line element scopes of
 .Fl m Ns Cm an ,
 such as
@@ -502,12 +676,6 @@ and
 .Fl T Ns Cm xhtml
 and cause them to forget the formatting of the prior next-line scope.
 .Pp
-The
-.Sq i
-macro in
-.Fl m Ns Cm an
-should italicise all subsequent text if a line argument is not provided.
-This behaviour is not implemented.
 The
 .Sq \(aq
 control character is an alias for the standard macro control character