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Diff for /mandoc/mandoc.1 between version 1.3 and 1.76

version 1.3, 2009/03/20 15:14:01 version 1.76, 2010/08/18 08:41:40
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 .\" $Id$  .\"     $Id$
 .\"  .\"
 .\" Copyright (c) 2009 Kristaps Dzonsons <kristaps@openbsd.org>  .\" Copyright (c) 2009, 2010 Kristaps Dzonsons <kristaps@bsd.lv>
 .\"  .\"
 .\" Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any  .\" Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any
 .\" purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the  .\" purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
 .\" above copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all  .\" copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.
 .\" copies.  
 .\"  .\"
 .\" THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL  .\" THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES
 .\" WARRANTIES WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED  .\" WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
 .\" WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE  .\" MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR
 .\" AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL  .\" ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES
 .\" DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR  .\" WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN
 .\" PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER  .\" ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF
 .\" TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR  .\" OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
 .\" PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.  
 .\"  .\"
 .Dd $Mdocdate$  .Dd $Mdocdate$
 .Dt mandoc 1  .Dt MANDOC 1
 .Os  .Os
 .\" SECTION  
 .Sh NAME  .Sh NAME
 .Nm mandoc  .Nm mandoc
 .Nd format and display BSD manuals  .Nd format and display UNIX manuals
 .\" SECTION  
 .Sh SYNOPSIS  .Sh SYNOPSIS
 .Nm mandoc  .Nm mandoc
 .Op Fl V  .Op Fl V
 .Op Fl f Ns Ar option...  .Op Fl f Ns Ar option
 .Op Fl W Ns Ar err...  .Op Fl m Ns Ar format
   .Op Fl O Ns Ar option
 .Op Fl T Ns Ar output  .Op Fl T Ns Ar output
 .Op Ar infile...  .Op Fl W Ns Ar err
 .\" SECTION  .Op Ar file...
 .Sh DESCRIPTION  .Sh DESCRIPTION
 The  The
 .Nm  .Nm
 utility formats a BSD  utility formats
 .Dq mdoc  .Ux
 manual page for display.  The arguments are as follows:  manual pages for display.
 .Bl -tag -width XXXXXXXXXXXX  The arguments are as follows:
 .\" ITEM  .Bl -tag -width Ds
 .It Fl f Ns Ar option...  .It Fl f Ns Ar option
 Override default compiler behaviour.  See  Comma-separated compiler options.
   See
 .Sx Compiler Options  .Sx Compiler Options
 for details.  for details.
 .\" ITEM  .It Fl m Ns Ar format
 .It Fl T  Input format.
 Output format.  See  See
   .Sx Input Formats
   for available formats.
   Defaults to
   .Fl m Ns Cm andoc .
   .It Fl O Ns Ar option
   Comma-separated output options.
   .It Fl T Ns Ar output
   Output format.
   See
 .Sx Output Formats  .Sx Output Formats
 for available formats.  Defaults to  for available formats.
 .Fl T Ns Ar ascii .  Defaults to
 .\" ITEM  .Fl T Ns Cm ascii .
 .It Fl V  .It Fl V
 Print version and exit.  Print version and exit.
 .\" ITEM  .It Fl W Ns Ar err
 .It Fl W Ns Ar err...  Comma-separated warning options.
 Print warning messages.  May be set to  Use
 .Fl W Ns Ar all  .Fl W Ns Cm all
 for all warnings,  to print warnings,
 .Ar compat  .Fl W Ns Cm error
 for groff/troff-compatibility warnings, or  for warnings to be considered errors and cause utility
 .Ar syntax  termination.
 for syntax warnings.  If  Multiple
 .Fl W Ns Ar error  
 is specified, warnings are considered errors and cause utility  
 termination.  Multiple  
 .Fl W  .Fl W
 arguments may be comma-separated, such as  arguments may be comma-separated, such as
 .Fl W Ns Ar error,all .  .Fl W Ns Cm error , Ns Cm all .
 .\" ITEM  .It Ar file
 .It Ar infile...  Read input from zero or more files.
 Read input from zero or more  If unspecified, reads from stdin.
 .Ar infile .  If multiple files are specified,
 If unspecified, reads from stdin.  If multiple files are specified,  
 .Nm  .Nm
 will halt with the first failed parse.  will halt with the first failed parse.
 .El  .El
 .\" PARAGRAPH  
 .Pp  .Pp
 By default,  By default,
 .Nm  .Nm
 reads from stdin and prints 78-column backspace-encoded output to stdout  reads
 as if  .Xr mdoc 7
 .Fl T Ns Ar ascii  or
 were provided.  .Xr man 7
 .\" PARAGRAPH  text from stdin, implying
   .Fl m Ns Cm andoc ,
   and produces
   .Fl T Ns Cm ascii
   output.
 .Pp  .Pp
 .Ex -std mandoc  .Ex -std mandoc
 .\" SUB-SECTION  .Ss Input Formats
   The
   .Nm
   utility accepts
   .Xr mdoc 7
   and
   .Xr man 7
   input with
   .Fl m Ns Cm doc
   and
   .Fl m Ns Cm an ,
   respectively.
   The
   .Xr mdoc 7
   format is
   .Em strongly
   recommended;
   .Xr man 7
   should only be used for legacy manuals.
   .Pp
   A third option,
   .Fl m Ns Cm andoc ,
   which is also the default, determines encoding on-the-fly: if the first
   non-comment macro is
   .Sq \&Dd
   or
   .Sq \&Dt ,
   the
   .Xr mdoc 7
   parser is used; otherwise, the
   .Xr man 7
   parser is used.
   .Pp
   If multiple
   files are specified with
   .Fl m Ns Cm andoc ,
   each has its file-type determined this way.
   If multiple files are
   specified and
   .Fl m Ns Cm doc
   or
   .Fl m Ns Cm an
   is specified, then this format is used exclusively.
   .Ss Compiler Options
   Default
   .Xr mdoc 7
   and
   .Xr man 7
   compilation behaviour may be overridden with the
   .Fl f
   flag.
   .Bl -tag -width Ds
   .It Fl f Ns Cm ign-errors
   When parsing multiple files, don't halt when one errors out.
   Useful with
   .Fl T Ns Cm lint
   over a large set of manuals passed on the command line.
   .It Fl f Ns Cm ign-escape
   Ignore invalid escape sequences.
   This is the default, but the option can be used to override an earlier
   .Fl f Ns Cm strict .
   .It Fl f Ns Cm ign-scope
   When rewinding the scope of a block macro, forces the compiler to ignore
   scope violations.
   This can seriously mangle the resulting tree.
   .Pq mdoc only
   .It Fl f Ns Cm no-ign-escape
   Do not ignore invalid escape sequences.
   .It Fl f Ns Cm no-ign-macro
   Do not ignore unknown macros at the start of input lines.
   .It Fl f Ns Cm strict
   Implies
   .Fl f Ns Cm no-ign-escape
   and
   .Fl f Ns Cm no-ign-macro .
   .El
 .Ss Output Formats  .Ss Output Formats
 The  The
 .Nm  .Nm
 utility accepts the following  utility accepts the following
 .Fl T  .Fl T
 arguments:  arguments, which correspond to output modes:
 .Bl -tag -width XXXXXXXXXXXX -offset XXXX  .Bl -tag -width Ds
 .It Ar ascii  .It Fl T Ns Cm ascii
 Produce 7-bit ASCII output, backspace-encoded for bold and underline  Produce 7-bit ASCII output, backspace-encoded for bold and underline
 styles.  This is the default.  styles.
 .It Ar tree  This is the default.
 Produce an indented parse tree.  See
 .It Ar lint  .Sx ASCII Output .
   .It Fl T Ns Cm html
   Produce strict HTML-4.01 output, with a sane default style.
   See
   .Sx HTML Output .
   .It Fl T Ns Cm lint
 Parse only: produce no output.  Parse only: produce no output.
   Implies
   .Fl W Ns Cm all
   and
   .Fl f Ns Cm strict .
   .It Fl T Ns Cm pdf
   Produce PDF output.
   See
   .Sx PDF Output .
   .It Fl T Ns Cm ps
   Produce PostScript output.
   See
   .Sx PostScript Output .
   .It Fl T Ns Cm tree
   Produce an indented parse tree.
   .It Fl T Ns Cm xhtml
   Produce strict XHTML-1.0 output, with a sane default style.
   See
   .Sx XHTML Output .
 .El  .El
 .\" SUB-SECTION  .Pp
 .Ss Compiler Options  If multiple input files are specified, these will be processed by the
 Default compiler behaviour may be overriden with the  corresponding filter in-order.
 .Fl f  .Ss ASCII Output
 flag.  Output produced by
 .Bl -tag -width XXXXXXXXXXXX -offset XXXX  .Fl T Ns Cm ascii ,
 .It Fl f Ns Ar ign-scope  which is the default, is rendered in standard 7-bit ASCII documented in
 When rewinding the scope of a block macro, forces the compiler to ignore  .Xr ascii 7 .
 scope violations.  This can seriously mangle the resulting tree.  .Pp
 .It Fl f Ns Ar ign-escape  Font styles are applied by using back-spaced encoding such that an
 Ignore invalid escape sequences.  underlined character
 .It Fl f Ns Ar ign-macro  .Sq c
 Ignore unknown macros at the start of input lines.  is rendered as
   .Sq _ Ns \e[bs] Ns c ,
   where
   .Sq \e[bs]
   is the back-space character number 8.
   Emboldened characters are rendered as
   .Sq c Ns \e[bs] Ns c .
   .Pp
   The special characters documented in
   .Xr mandoc_char 7
   are rendered best-effort in an ASCII equivalent.
   .Pp
   Output width is limited to 78 visible columns unless literal input lines
   exceed this limit.
   .Pp
   The following
   .Fl O
   arguments are accepted:
   .Bl -tag -width Ds
   .It Cm width Ns = Ns Ar width
   The output width is set to
   .Ar width ,
   which will normalise to \(>=60.
 .El  .El
 .\" PARAGRAPH  .Ss HTML Output
   Output produced by
   .Fl T Ns Cm html
   conforms to HTML-4.01 strict.
 .Pp  .Pp
 As with the  Font styles and page structure are applied using CSS2.
 .Fl W  By default, no font style is applied to any text,
 flag, multiple  although CSS2 is hard-coded to format
 .Fl f  the basic structure of output.
 options may be grouped and delimited with a comma.  Using  
 .Fl f Ns Ar ign-scope,ign-escape ,  
 for example, will try to ignore scope and character-escape errors.  
 .\" SECTION  
 .Sh EXAMPLES  
 To page this manual page on the terminal:  
 .\" PARAGRAPH  
 .Pp  .Pp
 .D1 % mandoc \-Wall,error mandoc.1 2>&1 | less  
 .\" SECTION  
 .Sh SEE ALSO  
 .Xr mdoc 7  
 .\"  
 .Sh AUTHORS  
 The  The
 .Nm  .Pa example.style.css
 utility was written by  file documents the range of styles applied to output and, if used, will
 .An Kristaps Dzonsons Aq kristaps@openbsd.org .  cause rendered documents to appear as they do in
 .\" SECTION  .Fl T Ns Cm ascii .
 .Sh CAVEATS  
 The  
 .Nm  
 utility doesn't yet know how to display the following:  
 .Pp  .Pp
   Special characters are rendered in decimal-encoded UTF-8.
   .Pp
   The following
   .Fl O
   arguments are accepted:
   .Bl -tag -width Ds
   .It Cm includes Ns = Ns Ar fmt
   The string
   .Ar fmt ,
   for example,
   .Ar ../src/%I.html ,
   is used as a template for linked header files (usually via the
   .Sq \&In
   macro).
   Instances of
   .Sq \&%I
   are replaced with the include filename.
   The default is not to present a
   hyperlink.
   .It Cm man Ns = Ns Ar fmt
   The string
   .Ar fmt ,
   for example,
   .Ar ../html%S/%N.%S.html ,
   is used as a template for linked manuals (usually via the
   .Sq \&Xr
   macro).
   Instances of
   .Sq \&%N
   and
   .Sq %S
   are replaced with the linked manual's name and section, respectively.
   If no section is included, section 1 is assumed.
   The default is not to
   present a hyperlink.
   .It Cm style Ns = Ns Ar style.css
   The file
   .Ar style.css
   is used for an external style-sheet.
   This must be a valid absolute or
   relative URI.
   .El
   .Ss PostScript Output
   PostScript
   .Qq Adobe-3.0
   Level-2 pages may be generated by
   .Fl T Ns Cm ps .
   Output pages default to letter sized and are rendered in the Times font
   family, 11-point.
   Margins are calculated as 1/9 the page length and width.
   Line-height is 1.4m.
   .Pp
   Special characters are rendered as in
   .Sx ASCII Output .
   .Pp
   The following
   .Fl O
   arguments are accepted:
   .Bl -tag -width Ds
   .It Cm paper Ns = Ns Ar name
   The paper size
   .Ar name
   may be one of
   .Ar a3 ,
   .Ar a4 ,
   .Ar a5 ,
   .Ar legal ,
   or
   .Ar letter .
   You may also manually specify dimensions as
   .Ar NNxNN ,
   width by height in millimetres.
   If an unknown value is encountered,
   .Ar letter
   is used.
   .El
   .Ss PDF Output
   PDF-1.1 output may be generated by
   .Fl T Ns Cm pdf .
   See
   .Sx PostScript Output
   for
   .Fl O
   arguments and defaults.
   .Ss XHTML Output
   Output produced by
   .Fl T Ns Cm xhtml
   conforms to XHTML-1.0 strict.
   .Pp
   See
   .Sx HTML Output
   for details; beyond generating XHTML tags instead of HTML tags, these
   output modes are identical.
   .Sh EXAMPLES
   To page manuals to the terminal:
   .Pp
   .D1 $ mandoc \-Wall,error \-fstrict mandoc.1 2\*(Gt&1 | less
   .D1 $ mandoc mandoc.1 mdoc.3 mdoc.7 | less
   .Pp
   To produce HTML manuals with
   .Ar style.css
   as the style-sheet:
   .Pp
   .D1 $ mandoc \-Thtml -Ostyle=style.css mdoc.7 \*(Gt mdoc.7.html
   .Pp
   To check over a large set of manuals:
   .Pp
   .Dl $ mandoc \-Tlint \-fign-errors `find /usr/src -name \e*\e.[1-9]`
   .Pp
   To produce a series of PostScript manuals for A4 paper:
   .Pp
   .D1 $ mandoc \-Tps \-Opaper=a4 mdoc.7 man.7 \*(Gt manuals.ps
   .Sh COMPATIBILITY
   This section summarises
   .Nm
   compatibility with GNU troff.
   Each input and output format is separately noted.
   .Ss ASCII Compatibility
 .Bl -bullet -compact  .Bl -bullet -compact
 .It  .It
 The \-hang  The
 .Sq \&Bl  .Sq \&Bd \-literal
 list is not yet supported.  and
   .Sq \&Bd \-unfilled
   macros of
   .Xr mdoc 7
   in
   .Fl T Ns Cm ascii
   are synonyms, as are \-filled and \-ragged.
 .It  .It
 The \-literal and \-unfilled  In GNU troff, the
 .Sq \&Bd  .Sq \&Pa
 displays types are synonyms, as are \-filled and \-ragged.  .Xr mdoc 7
   macro does not underline when scoped under an
   .Sq \&It
   in the FILES section.
   This behaves correctly in
   .Nm .
 .It  .It
   A list or display following the
   .Sq \&Ss
   .Xr mdoc 7
   macro in
   .Fl T Ns Cm ascii
   does not assert a prior vertical break, just as it doesn't with
   .Sq \&Sh .
   .It
 The  The
 .Sq \&Xo/Xc  .Sq \&na
 pair isn't supported.  .Xr man 7
   macro in
   .Fl T Ns Cm ascii
   has no effect.
 .It  .It
   Words aren't hyphenated.
   .It
   Sentences are unilaterally monospaced.
   .El
   .Ss HTML/XHTML Compatibility
   .Bl -bullet -compact
   .It
 The  The
 .Sq \&Sm  .Sq \efP
 macro has no effect, yet.  escape will revert the font to the previous
   .Sq \ef
   escape, not to the last rendered decoration, which is now dictated by
   CSS instead of hard-coded.
   It also will not span past the current scope,
   for the same reason.
   Note that in
   .Sx ASCII Output
   mode, this will work fine.
   .It
   The
   .Xr mdoc 7
   .Sq \&Bl \-hang
   and
   .Sq \&Bl \-tag
   list types render similarly (no break following overreached left-hand
   side) due to the expressive constraints of HTML.
   .It
   The
   .Xr man 7
   .Sq IP
   and
   .Sq TP
   lists render similarly.
 .El  .El
   .Sh SEE ALSO
   .Xr man 7 ,
   .Xr mandoc_char 7 ,
   .Xr mdoc 7
   .Sh AUTHORS
   The
   .Nm
   utility was written by
   .An Kristaps Dzonsons Aq kristaps@bsd.lv .
   .Sh CAVEATS
   The
   .Fl T Ns Cm html
   and
   .Fl T Ns Cm xhtml
   CSS2 styling used for
   .Fl m Ns Cm doc
   input lists does not render properly in older browsers, such as Internet
   Explorer 6 and earlier.
 .Pp  .Pp
 Other macros still aren't supported by virtue of nobody complaining  In
 about their absence.  Please report any omissions: this is a work in  .Fl T Ns Cm html
 progress.  and
   .Fl T Ns Cm xhtml ,
   the maximum size of an element attribute is determined by
   .Dv BUFSIZ ,
   which is usually 1024 bytes.
   Be aware of this when setting long link
   formats such as
   .Fl O Ns Cm style Ns = Ns Ar really/long/link .
   .Pp
   Nesting elements within next-line element scopes of
   .Fl m Ns Cm an ,
   such as
   .Sq br
   within an empty
   .Sq B ,
   will confuse
   .Fl T Ns Cm html
   and
   .Fl T Ns Cm xhtml
   and cause them to forget the formatting of the prior next-line scope.
   .Pp
   The
   .Sq i
   macro in
   .Fl m Ns Cm an
   should italicise all subsequent text if a line argument is not provided.
   This behaviour is not implemented.
   The
   .Sq \(aq
   control character is an alias for the standard macro control character
   and does not emit a line-break as stipulated in GNU troff.
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