Annotation of mandoc/mandoc.1, Revision 1.86
1.86 ! kristaps 1: .\" $Id: mandoc.1,v 1.85 2011/02/09 10:03:02 kristaps Exp $
1.1 kristaps 2: .\"
1.72 schwarze 3: .\" Copyright (c) 2009, 2010 Kristaps Dzonsons <kristaps@bsd.lv>
1.1 kristaps 4: .\"
5: .\" Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any
1.16 kristaps 6: .\" purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
7: .\" copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.
1.1 kristaps 8: .\"
1.16 kristaps 9: .\" THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES
10: .\" WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
11: .\" MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR
12: .\" ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES
13: .\" WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN
14: .\" ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF
15: .\" OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
1.1 kristaps 16: .\"
1.86 ! kristaps 17: .Dd $Mdocdate: February 9 2011 $
1.14 kristaps 18: .Dt MANDOC 1
1.1 kristaps 19: .Os
20: .Sh NAME
21: .Nm mandoc
1.8 kristaps 22: .Nd format and display UNIX manuals
1.1 kristaps 23: .Sh SYNOPSIS
24: .Nm mandoc
1.58 kristaps 25: .Op Fl V
1.8 kristaps 26: .Op Fl m Ns Ar format
1.58 kristaps 27: .Op Fl O Ns Ar option
1.37 kristaps 28: .Op Fl T Ns Ar output
1.77 schwarze 29: .Op Fl W Ns Ar level
1.58 kristaps 30: .Op Ar file...
1.1 kristaps 31: .Sh DESCRIPTION
32: The
33: .Nm
1.26 kristaps 34: utility formats
1.8 kristaps 35: .Ux
1.57 kristaps 36: manual pages for display.
37: The arguments are as follows:
1.19 kristaps 38: .Bl -tag -width Ds
39: .It Fl m Ns Ar format
1.57 kristaps 40: Input format.
41: See
1.8 kristaps 42: .Sx Input Formats
1.57 kristaps 43: for available formats.
44: Defaults to
1.58 kristaps 45: .Fl m Ns Cm andoc .
46: .It Fl O Ns Ar option
1.57 kristaps 47: Comma-separated output options.
1.19 kristaps 48: .It Fl T Ns Ar output
1.57 kristaps 49: Output format.
50: See
1.1 kristaps 51: .Sx Output Formats
1.57 kristaps 52: for available formats.
53: Defaults to
1.58 kristaps 54: .Fl T Ns Cm ascii .
1.1 kristaps 55: .It Fl V
56: Print version and exit.
1.77 schwarze 57: .It Fl W Ns Ar level
58: Specify the minimum message
59: .Ar level
60: to be reported on the standard error output and to affect the exit status.
61: The
62: .Ar level
63: can be
64: .Cm warning ,
65: .Cm error ,
66: or
67: .Cm fatal .
68: The default is
69: .Fl W Ns Cm fatal ;
1.58 kristaps 70: .Fl W Ns Cm all
1.77 schwarze 71: is an alias for
72: .Fl W Ns Cm warning .
73: See
74: .Sx EXIT STATUS
75: and
76: .Sx DIAGNOSTICS
77: for details.
78: .Pp
79: The special option
80: .Fl W Ns Cm stop
81: tells
82: .Nm
83: to exit after parsing a file that causes warnings or errors of at least
84: the requested level.
85: No formatted output will be produced from that file.
86: If both a
87: .Ar level
88: and
89: .Cm stop
90: are requested, they can be joined with a comma, for example
91: .Fl W Ns Cm error , Ns Cm stop .
1.58 kristaps 92: .It Ar file
93: Read input from zero or more files.
1.57 kristaps 94: If unspecified, reads from stdin.
95: If multiple files are specified,
1.2 kristaps 96: .Nm
97: will halt with the first failed parse.
1.1 kristaps 98: .El
99: .Pp
1.26 kristaps 100: By default,
101: .Nm
102: reads
1.8 kristaps 103: .Xr mdoc 7
1.12 kristaps 104: or
105: .Xr man 7
1.8 kristaps 106: text from stdin, implying
1.58 kristaps 107: .Fl m Ns Cm andoc ,
1.48 kristaps 108: and produces
1.58 kristaps 109: .Fl T Ns Cm ascii
1.48 kristaps 110: output.
1.8 kristaps 111: .Ss Input Formats
112: The
113: .Nm
114: utility accepts
115: .Xr mdoc 7
116: and
117: .Xr man 7
118: input with
1.58 kristaps 119: .Fl m Ns Cm doc
1.8 kristaps 120: and
1.58 kristaps 121: .Fl m Ns Cm an ,
1.57 kristaps 122: respectively.
123: The
1.8 kristaps 124: .Xr mdoc 7
125: format is
126: .Em strongly
1.26 kristaps 127: recommended;
1.8 kristaps 128: .Xr man 7
129: should only be used for legacy manuals.
1.11 kristaps 130: .Pp
1.12 kristaps 131: A third option,
1.58 kristaps 132: .Fl m Ns Cm andoc ,
1.13 kristaps 133: which is also the default, determines encoding on-the-fly: if the first
1.26 kristaps 134: non-comment macro is
1.27 kristaps 135: .Sq \&Dd
1.13 kristaps 136: or
1.27 kristaps 137: .Sq \&Dt ,
1.26 kristaps 138: the
1.13 kristaps 139: .Xr mdoc 7
140: parser is used; otherwise, the
141: .Xr man 7
142: parser is used.
143: .Pp
144: If multiple
1.26 kristaps 145: files are specified with
1.58 kristaps 146: .Fl m Ns Cm andoc ,
1.57 kristaps 147: each has its file-type determined this way.
148: If multiple files are
1.13 kristaps 149: specified and
1.58 kristaps 150: .Fl m Ns Cm doc
1.12 kristaps 151: or
1.58 kristaps 152: .Fl m Ns Cm an
1.12 kristaps 153: is specified, then this format is used exclusively.
1.1 kristaps 154: .Ss Output Formats
155: The
156: .Nm
157: utility accepts the following
158: .Fl T
1.66 kristaps 159: arguments, which correspond to output modes:
1.19 kristaps 160: .Bl -tag -width Ds
1.58 kristaps 161: .It Fl T Ns Cm ascii
1.81 kristaps 162: Produce 7-bit ASCII output.
1.57 kristaps 163: This is the default.
164: See
1.48 kristaps 165: .Sx ASCII Output .
1.58 kristaps 166: .It Fl T Ns Cm html
1.81 kristaps 167: Produce strict CSS1/HTML-4.01 output.
1.57 kristaps 168: See
1.48 kristaps 169: .Sx HTML Output .
1.58 kristaps 170: .It Fl T Ns Cm lint
171: Parse only: produce no output.
172: Implies
1.77 schwarze 173: .Fl W Ns Cm warning .
1.73 kristaps 174: .It Fl T Ns Cm pdf
175: Produce PDF output.
176: See
177: .Sx PDF Output .
1.62 kristaps 178: .It Fl T Ns Cm ps
179: Produce PostScript output.
180: See
181: .Sx PostScript Output .
1.58 kristaps 182: .It Fl T Ns Cm tree
183: Produce an indented parse tree.
184: .It Fl T Ns Cm xhtml
1.81 kristaps 185: Produce strict CSS1/XHTML-1.0 output.
1.57 kristaps 186: See
1.50 kristaps 187: .Sx XHTML Output .
1.1 kristaps 188: .El
1.13 kristaps 189: .Pp
190: If multiple input files are specified, these will be processed by the
191: corresponding filter in-order.
1.66 kristaps 192: .Ss ASCII Output
193: Output produced by
194: .Fl T Ns Cm ascii ,
195: which is the default, is rendered in standard 7-bit ASCII documented in
196: .Xr ascii 7 .
197: .Pp
198: Font styles are applied by using back-spaced encoding such that an
199: underlined character
200: .Sq c
201: is rendered as
202: .Sq _ Ns \e[bs] Ns c ,
203: where
204: .Sq \e[bs]
205: is the back-space character number 8.
206: Emboldened characters are rendered as
207: .Sq c Ns \e[bs] Ns c .
208: .Pp
209: The special characters documented in
210: .Xr mandoc_char 7
211: are rendered best-effort in an ASCII equivalent.
212: .Pp
213: Output width is limited to 78 visible columns unless literal input lines
214: exceed this limit.
215: .Pp
216: The following
217: .Fl O
218: arguments are accepted:
1.19 kristaps 219: .Bl -tag -width Ds
1.66 kristaps 220: .It Cm width Ns = Ns Ar width
221: The output width is set to
222: .Ar width ,
223: which will normalise to \(>=60.
1.1 kristaps 224: .El
1.66 kristaps 225: .Ss HTML Output
226: Output produced by
227: .Fl T Ns Cm html
228: conforms to HTML-4.01 strict.
229: .Pp
1.61 kristaps 230: The
1.66 kristaps 231: .Pa example.style.css
1.83 kristaps 232: file documents style-sheet classes available for customising output.
233: If a style-sheet is not specified with
234: .Fl O Ns Ar style ,
235: .Fl T Ns Cm html
236: defaults to simple output readable in any graphical or text-based web
237: browser.
1.66 kristaps 238: .Pp
239: Special characters are rendered in decimal-encoded UTF-8.
240: .Pp
241: The following
1.64 kristaps 242: .Fl O
1.66 kristaps 243: arguments are accepted:
1.37 kristaps 244: .Bl -tag -width Ds
1.64 kristaps 245: .It Cm includes Ns = Ns Ar fmt
1.40 kristaps 246: The string
247: .Ar fmt ,
1.49 kristaps 248: for example,
1.40 kristaps 249: .Ar ../src/%I.html ,
250: is used as a template for linked header files (usually via the
251: .Sq \&In
1.57 kristaps 252: macro).
253: Instances of
1.43 kristaps 254: .Sq \&%I
1.57 kristaps 255: are replaced with the include filename.
256: The default is not to present a
1.40 kristaps 257: hyperlink.
1.64 kristaps 258: .It Cm man Ns = Ns Ar fmt
1.39 kristaps 259: The string
260: .Ar fmt ,
1.49 kristaps 261: for example,
1.39 kristaps 262: .Ar ../html%S/%N.%S.html ,
263: is used as a template for linked manuals (usually via the
1.37 kristaps 264: .Sq \&Xr
1.57 kristaps 265: macro).
266: Instances of
1.43 kristaps 267: .Sq \&%N
1.40 kristaps 268: and
269: .Sq %S
270: are replaced with the linked manual's name and section, respectively.
1.57 kristaps 271: If no section is included, section 1 is assumed.
272: The default is not to
1.40 kristaps 273: present a hyperlink.
1.64 kristaps 274: .It Cm style Ns = Ns Ar style.css
1.58 kristaps 275: The file
276: .Ar style.css
277: is used for an external style-sheet.
278: This must be a valid absolute or
279: relative URI.
1.61 kristaps 280: .El
1.62 kristaps 281: .Ss PostScript Output
1.65 kristaps 282: PostScript
283: .Qq Adobe-3.0
284: Level-2 pages may be generated by
1.62 kristaps 285: .Fl T Ns Cm ps .
1.67 kristaps 286: Output pages default to letter sized and are rendered in the Times font
1.70 kristaps 287: family, 11-point.
288: Margins are calculated as 1/9 the page length and width.
1.71 kristaps 289: Line-height is 1.4m.
1.66 kristaps 290: .Pp
291: Special characters are rendered as in
292: .Sx ASCII Output .
293: .Pp
294: The following
295: .Fl O
296: arguments are accepted:
297: .Bl -tag -width Ds
298: .It Cm paper Ns = Ns Ar name
299: The paper size
300: .Ar name
301: may be one of
1.68 kristaps 302: .Ar a3 ,
303: .Ar a4 ,
304: .Ar a5 ,
305: .Ar legal ,
1.66 kristaps 306: or
307: .Ar letter .
1.68 kristaps 308: You may also manually specify dimensions as
309: .Ar NNxNN ,
310: width by height in millimetres.
311: If an unknown value is encountered,
312: .Ar letter
313: is used.
1.66 kristaps 314: .El
1.73 kristaps 315: .Ss PDF Output
316: PDF-1.1 output may be generated by
317: .Fl T Ns Cm pdf .
318: See
319: .Sx PostScript Output
320: for
321: .Fl O
322: arguments and defaults.
1.50 kristaps 323: .Ss XHTML Output
324: Output produced by
1.58 kristaps 325: .Fl T Ns Cm xhtml
1.50 kristaps 326: conforms to XHTML-1.0 strict.
327: .Pp
328: See
329: .Sx HTML Output
330: for details; beyond generating XHTML tags instead of HTML tags, these
331: output modes are identical.
1.77 schwarze 332: .Sh EXIT STATUS
333: The
334: .Nm
335: utility exits with one of the following values, controlled by the message
336: .Ar level
337: associated with the
338: .Fl W
339: option:
340: .Pp
341: .Bl -tag -width Ds -compact
342: .It 0
343: No warnings or errors occurred, or those that did were ignored because
344: they were lower than the requested
345: .Ar level .
346: .It 2
347: At least one warning occurred, but no error, and
348: .Fl W Ns Cm warning
349: was specified.
350: .It 3
351: At least one parsing error occurred, but no fatal error, and
352: .Fl W Ns Cm error
353: or
354: .Fl W Ns Cm warning
355: was specified.
356: .It 4
357: A fatal parsing error occurred.
358: .It 5
359: Invalid command line arguments were specified.
360: No input files have been read.
361: .It 6
362: An operating system error occurred, for example memory exhaustion or an
363: error accessing input files.
364: Such errors cause
365: .Nm
366: to exit at once, possibly in the middle of parsing or formatting a file.
367: .El
368: .Pp
369: Note that selecting
370: .Fl T Ns Cm lint
371: output mode implies
372: .Fl W Ns Cm warning .
1.1 kristaps 373: .Sh EXAMPLES
1.13 kristaps 374: To page manuals to the terminal:
1.1 kristaps 375: .Pp
1.82 kristaps 376: .Dl $ mandoc \-Wall,stop mandoc.1 2\*(Gt&1 | less
377: .Dl $ mandoc mandoc.1 mdoc.3 mdoc.7 | less
1.28 kristaps 378: .Pp
1.41 kristaps 379: To produce HTML manuals with
380: .Ar style.css
381: as the style-sheet:
1.38 kristaps 382: .Pp
1.82 kristaps 383: .Dl $ mandoc \-Thtml -Ostyle=style.css mdoc.7 \*(Gt mdoc.7.html
1.38 kristaps 384: .Pp
1.28 kristaps 385: To check over a large set of manuals:
386: .Pp
1.77 schwarze 387: .Dl $ mandoc \-Tlint `find /usr/src -name \e*\e.[1-9]`
1.66 kristaps 388: .Pp
389: To produce a series of PostScript manuals for A4 paper:
390: .Pp
1.82 kristaps 391: .Dl $ mandoc \-Tps \-Opaper=a4 mdoc.7 man.7 \*(Gt manuals.ps
1.77 schwarze 392: .Sh DIAGNOSTICS
393: Standard error messages reporting parsing errors are prefixed by
394: .Pp
395: .Sm off
396: .D1 Ar file : line : column : \ level :
397: .Sm on
398: .Pp
399: where the fields have the following meanings:
400: .Bl -tag -width "column"
401: .It Ar file
402: The name of the input file causing the message.
403: .It Ar line
404: The line number in that input file.
405: Line numbering starts at 1.
406: .It Ar column
407: The column number in that input file.
408: Column numbering starts at 1.
409: If the issue is caused by a word, the column number usually
410: points to the first character of the word.
411: .It Ar level
412: The message level, printed in capital letters.
413: .El
414: .Pp
415: Message levels have the following meanings:
416: .Bl -tag -width "warning"
417: .It Cm fatal
418: The parser is unable to parse a given input file at all.
419: No formatted output is produced from that input file.
420: .It Cm error
421: An input file contains syntax that cannot be safely interpreted,
422: either because it is invalid or because
423: .Nm
424: does not implement it yet.
425: By discarding part of the input or inserting missing tokens,
426: the parser is able to continue, and the error does not prevent
427: generation of formatted output, but typically, preparing that
428: output involves information loss, broken document structure
429: or unintended formatting.
430: .It Cm warning
431: An input file uses obsolete, discouraged or non-portable syntax.
432: All the same, the meaning of the input is unambiguous and a correct
433: rendering can be produced.
434: Documents causing warnings may render poorly when using other
435: formatting tools instead of
436: .Nm .
437: .El
438: .Pp
439: Messages of the
440: .Cm warning
441: and
442: .Cm error
443: levels are hidden unless their level, or a lower level, is requested using a
444: .Fl W
445: option or
446: .Fl T Ns Cm lint
447: output mode.
448: .Pp
449: The
450: .Nm
451: utility may also print messages related to invalid command line arguments
452: or operating system errors, for example when memory is exhausted or
1.78 schwarze 453: input files cannot be read.
454: Such messages do not carry the prefix described above.
1.20 kristaps 455: .Sh COMPATIBILITY
1.26 kristaps 456: This section summarises
1.20 kristaps 457: .Nm
1.76 kristaps 458: compatibility with GNU troff.
1.32 kristaps 459: Each input and output format is separately noted.
1.48 kristaps 460: .Ss ASCII Compatibility
1.37 kristaps 461: .Bl -bullet -compact
1.29 kristaps 462: .It
1.86 ! kristaps 463: Unicode codepoints specified with
! 464: .Sq \e[uNNNN]
! 465: escapes are printed as
! 466: .Sq \&?
! 467: in mandoc.
! 468: In GNU troff, these raise an error.
! 469: .It
1.49 kristaps 470: The
1.33 kristaps 471: .Sq \&Bd \-literal
1.49 kristaps 472: and
1.32 kristaps 473: .Sq \&Bd \-unfilled
474: macros of
475: .Xr mdoc 7
476: in
1.58 kristaps 477: .Fl T Ns Cm ascii
1.32 kristaps 478: are synonyms, as are \-filled and \-ragged.
1.26 kristaps 479: .It
1.86 ! kristaps 480: In historic GNU troff, the
1.27 kristaps 481: .Sq \&Pa
1.32 kristaps 482: .Xr mdoc 7
483: macro does not underline when scoped under an
1.30 kristaps 484: .Sq \&It
1.57 kristaps 485: in the FILES section.
486: This behaves correctly in
1.27 kristaps 487: .Nm .
488: .It
1.58 kristaps 489: A list or display following the
1.27 kristaps 490: .Sq \&Ss
1.32 kristaps 491: .Xr mdoc 7
492: macro in
1.58 kristaps 493: .Fl T Ns Cm ascii
1.20 kristaps 494: does not assert a prior vertical break, just as it doesn't with
1.27 kristaps 495: .Sq \&Sh .
1.20 kristaps 496: .It
1.32 kristaps 497: The
498: .Sq \&na
499: .Xr man 7
1.34 kristaps 500: macro in
1.58 kristaps 501: .Fl T Ns Cm ascii
1.34 kristaps 502: has no effect.
1.20 kristaps 503: .It
504: Words aren't hyphenated.
505: .El
1.50 kristaps 506: .Ss HTML/XHTML Compatibility
1.42 kristaps 507: .Bl -bullet -compact
508: .It
509: The
1.47 kristaps 510: .Sq \efP
511: escape will revert the font to the previous
512: .Sq \ef
513: escape, not to the last rendered decoration, which is now dictated by
1.57 kristaps 514: CSS instead of hard-coded.
515: It also will not span past the current scope,
516: for the same reason.
517: Note that in
1.47 kristaps 518: .Sx ASCII Output
519: mode, this will work fine.
520: .It
521: The
1.42 kristaps 522: .Xr mdoc 7
523: .Sq \&Bl \-hang
524: and
525: .Sq \&Bl \-tag
526: list types render similarly (no break following overreached left-hand
527: side) due to the expressive constraints of HTML.
528: .It
529: The
530: .Xr man 7
531: .Sq IP
532: and
533: .Sq TP
534: lists render similarly.
535: .El
1.1 kristaps 536: .Sh SEE ALSO
1.85 kristaps 537: .Xr eqn 7 ,
1.57 kristaps 538: .Xr man 7 ,
1.13 kristaps 539: .Xr mandoc_char 7 ,
1.84 kristaps 540: .Xr mdoc 7 ,
541: .Xr roff 7 ,
542: .Xr tbl 7
1.1 kristaps 543: .Sh AUTHORS
544: The
545: .Nm
1.26 kristaps 546: utility was written by
1.59 kristaps 547: .An Kristaps Dzonsons Aq kristaps@bsd.lv .
1.39 kristaps 548: .Sh CAVEATS
549: In
1.58 kristaps 550: .Fl T Ns Cm html
1.50 kristaps 551: and
1.58 kristaps 552: .Fl T Ns Cm xhtml ,
1.39 kristaps 553: the maximum size of an element attribute is determined by
554: .Dv BUFSIZ ,
1.57 kristaps 555: which is usually 1024 bytes.
556: Be aware of this when setting long link
1.58 kristaps 557: formats such as
558: .Fl O Ns Cm style Ns = Ns Ar really/long/link .
1.51 kristaps 559: .Pp
560: Nesting elements within next-line element scopes of
1.58 kristaps 561: .Fl m Ns Cm an ,
1.51 kristaps 562: such as
563: .Sq br
564: within an empty
565: .Sq B ,
566: will confuse
1.58 kristaps 567: .Fl T Ns Cm html
1.51 kristaps 568: and
1.58 kristaps 569: .Fl T Ns Cm xhtml
1.52 kristaps 570: and cause them to forget the formatting of the prior next-line scope.
1.53 kristaps 571: .Pp
1.54 kristaps 572: The
573: .Sq \(aq
1.55 kristaps 574: control character is an alias for the standard macro control character
575: and does not emit a line-break as stipulated in GNU troff.
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