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version 1.14, 2011/10/06 22:29:12 version 1.30, 2015/01/15 02:29:26
Line 20 
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 .Os  .Os
 .Sh NAME  .Sh NAME
 .Nm mandoc ,  .Nm mandoc ,
 .Nm mandoc_escape ,  .Nm man_deroff ,
 .Nm man_meta ,  .Nm man_meta ,
 .Nm man_mparse ,  .Nm man_mparse ,
 .Nm man_node ,  .Nm man_node ,
 .Nm mchars_alloc ,  .Nm mdoc_deroff ,
 .Nm mchars_free ,  
 .Nm mchars_num2char ,  
 .Nm mchars_num2uc ,  
 .Nm mchars_spec2cp ,  
 .Nm mchars_spec2str ,  
 .Nm mdoc_meta ,  .Nm mdoc_meta ,
 .Nm mdoc_node ,  .Nm mdoc_node ,
 .Nm mparse_alloc ,  .Nm mparse_alloc ,
 .Nm mparse_free ,  .Nm mparse_free ,
 .Nm mparse_getkeep ,  .Nm mparse_getkeep ,
 .Nm mparse_keep ,  .Nm mparse_keep ,
   .Nm mparse_open ,
 .Nm mparse_readfd ,  .Nm mparse_readfd ,
 .Nm mparse_reset ,  .Nm mparse_reset ,
 .Nm mparse_result ,  .Nm mparse_result ,
 .Nm mparse_strerror ,  .Nm mparse_strerror ,
 .Nm mparse_strlevel  .Nm mparse_strlevel
   .Nm mparse_wait ,
 .Nd mandoc macro compiler library  .Nd mandoc macro compiler library
 .Sh LIBRARY  .Sh LIBRARY
 .Lb mandoc  .Lb libmandoc
 .Sh SYNOPSIS  .Sh SYNOPSIS
 .In man.h  .In sys/types.h
 .In mdoc.h  
 .In mandoc.h  .In mandoc.h
 .Ft "enum mandoc_esc"  .Fd "#define ASCII_NBRSP"
 .Fo mandoc_escape  .Fd "#define ASCII_HYPH"
 .Fa "const char **in"  .Fd "#define ASCII_BREAK"
 .Fa "const char **seq"  .Ft struct mparse *
 .Fa "int *len"  
 .Fc  
 .Ft "const struct man_meta *"  
 .Fo man_meta  
 .Fa "const struct man *man"  
 .Fc  
 .Ft "const struct mparse *"  
 .Fo man_mparse  
 .Fa "const struct man *man"  
 .Fc  
 .Ft "const struct man_node *"  
 .Fo man_node  
 .Fa "const struct man *man"  
 .Fc  
 .Ft "struct mchars *"  
 .Fn mchars_alloc  
 .Ft void  
 .Fn mchars_free "struct mchars *p"  
 .Ft char  
 .Fn mchars_num2char "const char *cp" "size_t sz"  
 .Ft int  
 .Fn mchars_num2uc "const char *cp" "size_t sz"  
 .Ft "const char *"  
 .Fo mchars_spec2str  
 .Fa "struct mchars *p"  
 .Fa "const char *cp"  
 .Fa "size_t sz"  
 .Fa "size_t *rsz"  
 .Fc  
 .Ft int  
 .Fo mchars_spec2cp  
 .Fa "struct mchars *p"  
 .Fa "const char *cp"  
 .Fa "size_t sz"  
 .Ft "const char *"  
 .Fc  
 .Ft "const struct mdoc_meta *"  
 .Fo mdoc_meta  
 .Fa "const struct mdoc *mdoc"  
 .Fc  
 .Ft "const struct mdoc_node *"  
 .Fo mdoc_node  
 .Fa "const struct mdoc *mdoc"  
 .Fc  
 .Ft void  
 .Fo mparse_alloc  .Fo mparse_alloc
 .Fa "enum mparset type"  .Fa "int options"
 .Fa "enum mandoclevel wlevel"  .Fa "enum mandoclevel wlevel"
 .Fa "mandocmsg msg"  .Fa "mandocmsg mmsg"
 .Fa "void *msgarg"  .Fa "const struct mchars *mchars"
   .Fa "char *defos"
 .Fc  .Fc
 .Ft void  .Ft void
   .Fo (*mandocmsg)
   .Fa "enum mandocerr errtype"
   .Fa "enum mandoclevel level"
   .Fa "const char *file"
   .Fa "int line"
   .Fa "int col"
   .Fa "const char *msg"
   .Fc
   .Ft void
 .Fo mparse_free  .Fo mparse_free
 .Fa "struct mparse *parse"  .Fa "struct mparse *parse"
 .Fc  .Fc
 .Ft void  .Ft const char *
 .Fo mparse_getkeep  .Fo mparse_getkeep
 .Fa "const struct mparse *parse"  .Fa "const struct mparse *parse"
 .Fc  .Fc
Line 116 
Line 77 
 .Fa "struct mparse *parse"  .Fa "struct mparse *parse"
 .Fc  .Fc
 .Ft "enum mandoclevel"  .Ft "enum mandoclevel"
   .Fo mparse_open
   .Fa "struct mparse *parse"
   .Fa "int *fd"
   .Fa "const char *fname"
   .Fc
   .Ft "enum mandoclevel"
 .Fo mparse_readfd  .Fo mparse_readfd
 .Fa "struct mparse *parse"  .Fa "struct mparse *parse"
 .Fa "int fd"  .Fa "int fd"
Line 130 
Line 97 
 .Fa "struct mparse *parse"  .Fa "struct mparse *parse"
 .Fa "struct mdoc **mdoc"  .Fa "struct mdoc **mdoc"
 .Fa "struct man **man"  .Fa "struct man **man"
   .Fa "char **sodest"
 .Fc  .Fc
 .Ft "const char *"  .Ft "const char *"
 .Fo mparse_strerror  .Fo mparse_strerror
Line 139 
Line 107 
 .Fo mparse_strlevel  .Fo mparse_strlevel
 .Fa "enum mandoclevel"  .Fa "enum mandoclevel"
 .Fc  .Fc
 .Vt extern const char * const * man_macronames;  .Ft "enum mandoclevel"
   .Fo mparse_wait
   .Fa "struct mparse *parse"
   .Fc
   .In sys/types.h
   .In mandoc.h
   .In mdoc.h
   .Ft void
   .Fo mdoc_deroff
   .Fa "char **dest"
   .Fa "const struct mdoc_node *node"
   .Fc
   .Ft "const struct mdoc_meta *"
   .Fo mdoc_meta
   .Fa "const struct mdoc *mdoc"
   .Fc
   .Ft "const struct mdoc_node *"
   .Fo mdoc_node
   .Fa "const struct mdoc *mdoc"
   .Fc
 .Vt extern const char * const * mdoc_argnames;  .Vt extern const char * const * mdoc_argnames;
 .Vt extern const char * const * mdoc_macronames;  .Vt extern const char * const * mdoc_macronames;
 .Fd "#define ASCII_NBRSP"  .In sys/types.h
 .Fd "#define ASCII_HYPH"  .In mandoc.h
   .In man.h
   .Ft void
   .Fo man_deroff
   .Fa "char **dest"
   .Fa "const struct man_node *node"
   .Fc
   .Ft "const struct man_meta *"
   .Fo man_meta
   .Fa "const struct man *man"
   .Fc
   .Ft "const struct mparse *"
   .Fo man_mparse
   .Fa "const struct man *man"
   .Fc
   .Ft "const struct man_node *"
   .Fo man_node
   .Fa "const struct man *man"
   .Fc
   .Vt extern const char * const * man_macronames;
 .Sh DESCRIPTION  .Sh DESCRIPTION
 The  The
 .Nm mandoc  .Nm mandoc
Line 166  The following describes a general parse sequence:
Line 172  The following describes a general parse sequence:
 .Bl -enum  .Bl -enum
 .It  .It
 initiate a parsing sequence with  initiate a parsing sequence with
   .Xr mchars_alloc 3
   and
 .Fn mparse_alloc ;  .Fn mparse_alloc ;
 .It  .It
 parse files or file descriptors with  parse files with
   .Fn mparse_open
   and
 .Fn mparse_readfd ;  .Fn mparse_readfd ;
 .It  .It
 retrieve a parsed syntax tree, if the parse was successful, with  retrieve a parsed syntax tree, if the parse was successful, with
Line 180  or
Line 190  or
 .Fn man_node ;  .Fn man_node ;
 .It  .It
 free all allocated memory with  free all allocated memory with
 .Fn mparse_free ,  .Fn mparse_free
   and
   .Xr mchars_free 3 ,
 or invoke  or invoke
 .Fn mparse_reset  .Fn mparse_reset
 and parse new files.  and parse new files.
 .El  .El
 .Pp  
 The  
 .Nm  
 library also contains routines for translating character strings into glyphs  
 .Pq see Fn mchars_alloc  
 and parsing escape sequences from strings  
 .Pq see Fn mandoc_escape .  
 .Sh REFERENCE  .Sh REFERENCE
 This section documents the functions, types, and variables available  This section documents the functions, types, and variables available
 via  via
 .In mandoc.h .  .In mandoc.h ,
   with the exception of those documented in
   .Xr mandoc_escape 3
   and
   .Xr mchars_alloc 3 .
 .Ss Types  .Ss Types
 .Bl -ohang  .Bl -ohang
 .It Vt "enum mandoc_esc"  
 An escape sequence classification.  
 .It Vt "enum mandocerr"  .It Vt "enum mandocerr"
 A fatal error, error, or warning message during parsing.  A fatal error, error, or warning message during parsing.
 .It Vt "enum mandoclevel"  .It Vt "enum mandoclevel"
 A classification of an  A classification of an
 .Vt "enum mandoclevel"  .Vt "enum mandocerr"
 as regards system operation.  as regards system operation.
 .It Vt "struct mchars"  .It Vt "struct mchars"
 An opaque pointer to an object allowing for translation between  An opaque pointer to a a character table.
 character strings and glyphs.  Created with
 See  .Xr mchars_alloc 3
 .Fn mchars_alloc .  and freed with
 .It Vt "enum mparset"  .Xr mchars_free 3 .
 The type of parser when reading input.  
 This should usually be  
 .Dv MPARSE_AUTO  
 for auto-detection.  
 .It Vt "struct mparse"  .It Vt "struct mparse"
 An opaque pointer to a running parse sequence.  An opaque pointer to a running parse sequence.
 Created with  Created with
Line 231  messages emitted by the parser.
Line 234  messages emitted by the parser.
 .El  .El
 .Ss Functions  .Ss Functions
 .Bl -ohang  .Bl -ohang
 .It Fn mandoc_escape  .It Fn man_deroff
 Scan an escape sequence, i.e., a character string beginning with  Obtain a text-only representation of a
 .Sq \e .  .Vt struct man_node ,
 Pass a pointer to this string as  including text contained in its child nodes.
 .Va end ;  To be used on children of the pointer returned from
 it will be set to the supremum of the parsed escape sequence unless  .Fn man_node .
 returning  When it is no longer needed, the pointer returned from
 .Dv ESCAPE_ERROR ,  .Fn man_deroff
 in which case the string is bogus and should be  can be passed to
 thrown away.  .Xr free 3 .
 If not  
 .Dv ESCAPE_ERROR  
 or  
 .Dv ESCAPE_IGNORE ,  
 .Va start  
 is set to the first relevant character of the substring (font, glyph,  
 whatever) of length  
 .Va sz .  
 Both  
 .Va start  
 and  
 .Va sz  
 may be  
 .Dv NULL .  
 .It Fn man_meta  .It Fn man_meta
 Obtain the meta-data of a successful parse.  Obtain the meta-data of a successful
   .Xr man 7
   parse.
 This may only be used on a pointer returned by  This may only be used on a pointer returned by
 .Fn mparse_result .  .Fn mparse_result .
   Declared in
   .In man.h ,
   implemented in
   .Pa man.c .
 .It Fn man_mparse  .It Fn man_mparse
 Get the parser used for the current output.  Get the parser used for the current output.
   Declared in
   .In man.h ,
   implemented in
   .Pa man.c .
 .It Fn man_node  .It Fn man_node
 Obtain the root node of a successful parse.  Obtain the root node of a successful
   .Xr man 7
   parse.
 This may only be used on a pointer returned by  This may only be used on a pointer returned by
 .Fn mparse_result .  .Fn mparse_result .
 .It Fn mchars_alloc  Declared in
 Allocate an  .In man.h ,
 .Vt "struct mchars *"  implemented in
 object for translating special characters into glyphs.  .Pa man.c .
 See  .It Fn mdoc_deroff
 .Xr mandoc_char 7  Obtain a text-only representation of a
 for an overview of special characters.  .Vt struct mdoc_node ,
 The object must be freed with  including text contained in its child nodes.
 .Fn mchars_free .  To be used on children of the pointer returned from
 .It Fn mchars_free  .Fn mdoc_node .
 Free an object created with  When it is no longer needed, the pointer returned from
 .Fn mchars_alloc .  .Fn mdoc_deroff
 .It Fn mchars_num2char  can be passed to
 Convert a character index (e.g., the \eN\(aq\(aq escape) into a  .Xr free 3 .
 printable ASCII character.  
 Returns \e0 (the nil character) if the input sequence is malformed.  
 .It Fn mchars_num2uc  
 Convert a hexadecimal character index (e.g., the \e[uNNNN] escape) into  
 a Unicode codepoint.  
 Returns \e0 (the nil character) if the input sequence is malformed.  
 .It Fn mchars_spec2cp  
 Convert a special character into a valid Unicode codepoint.  
 Returns \-1 on failure or a non-zero Unicode codepoint on success.  
 .It Fn mchars_spec2str  
 Convert a special character into an ASCII string.  
 Returns  
 .Dv NULL  
 on failure.  
 .It Fn mdoc_meta  .It Fn mdoc_meta
 Obtain the meta-data of a successful parse.  Obtain the meta-data of a successful
   .Xr mdoc
   parse.
 This may only be used on a pointer returned by  This may only be used on a pointer returned by
 .Fn mparse_result .  .Fn mparse_result .
   Declared in
   .In mdoc.h ,
   implemented in
   .Pa mdoc.c .
 .It Fn mdoc_node  .It Fn mdoc_node
 Obtain the root node of a successful parse.  Obtain the root node of a successful
   .Xr mdoc
   parse.
 This may only be used on a pointer returned by  This may only be used on a pointer returned by
 .Fn mparse_result .  .Fn mparse_result .
   Declared in
   .In mdoc.h ,
   implemented in
   .Pa mdoc.c .
 .It Fn mparse_alloc  .It Fn mparse_alloc
 Allocate a parser.  Allocate a parser.
   The arguments have the following effect:
   .Bl -tag -offset 5n -width inttype
   .It Ar options
   When the
   .Dv MPARSE_MDOC
   or
   .Dv MPARSE_MAN
   bit is set, only that parser is used.
   Otherwise, the document type is automatically detected.
   .Pp
   When the
   .Dv MPARSE_SO
   bit is set,
   .Xr roff 7
   .Ic \&so
   file inclusion requests are always honoured.
   Otherwise, if the request is the only content in an input file,
   only the file name is remembered, to be returned in the
   .Fa sodest
   argument of
   .Fn mparse_result .
   .Pp
   When the
   .Dv MPARSE_QUICK
   bit is set, parsing is aborted after the NAME section.
   This is for example useful in
   .Xr makewhatis 8
   .Fl Q
   to quickly build minimal databases.
   .It Ar wlevel
   Can be set to
   .Dv MANDOCLEVEL_FATAL ,
   .Dv MANDOCLEVEL_ERROR ,
   or
   .Dv MANDOCLEVEL_WARNING .
   Messages below the selected level will be suppressed.
   .It Ar mmsg
   A callback function to handle errors and warnings.
   See
   .Pa main.c
   for an example.
   .It Ar mchars
   An opaque pointer to a a character table obtained from
   .Xr mchars_alloc 3 .
   .It Ar defos
   A default string for the
   .Xr mdoc 7
   .Sq \&Os
   macro, overriding the
   .Dv OSNAME
   preprocessor definition and the results of
   .Xr uname 3 .
   .El
   .Pp
 The same parser may be used for multiple files so long as  The same parser may be used for multiple files so long as
 .Fn mparse_reset  .Fn mparse_reset
 is called between parses.  is called between parses.
 .Fn mparse_free  .Fn mparse_free
 must be called to free the memory allocated by this function.  must be called to free the memory allocated by this function.
   Declared in
   .In mandoc.h ,
   implemented in
   .Pa read.c .
 .It Fn mparse_free  .It Fn mparse_free
 Free all memory allocated by  Free all memory allocated by
 .Fn mparse_alloc .  .Fn mparse_alloc .
   Declared in
   .In mandoc.h ,
   implemented in
   .Pa read.c .
 .It Fn mparse_getkeep  .It Fn mparse_getkeep
 Acquire the keep buffer.  Acquire the keep buffer.
 Must follow a call of  Must follow a call of
 .Fn mparse_keep .  .Fn mparse_keep .
   Declared in
   .In mandoc.h ,
   implemented in
   .Pa read.c .
 .It Fn mparse_keep  .It Fn mparse_keep
 Instruct the parser to retain a copy of its parsed input.  Instruct the parser to retain a copy of its parsed input.
 This can be acquired with subsequent  This can be acquired with subsequent
 .Fn mparse_getkeep  .Fn mparse_getkeep
 calls.  calls.
 .It Fn mparse_readfd  Declared in
 Parse a file or file descriptor.  .In mandoc.h ,
   implemented in
   .Pa read.c .
   .It Fn mparse_open
   If the
   .Fa fname
   ends in
   .Pa .gz ,
   open with
   .Xr gunzip 1 ;
   otherwise, with
   .Xr open 2 .
 If  If
 .Va fd  .Xr open 2
 is -1,  fails, append
 .Va fname  .Pa .gz
 is opened for reading.  and try with
 Otherwise,  .Xr gunzip 1 .
 .Va fname  Return a file descriptor open for reading in
 is assumed to be the name associated with  .Fa fd ,
 .Va fd .  or -1 on failure.
 This may be called multiple times with different parameters; however,  It can be passed to
   .Fn mparse_readfd
   or used directly.
   Declared in
   .In mandoc.h ,
   implemented in
   .Pa read.c .
   .It Fn mparse_readfd
   Parse a file descriptor opened with
   .Xr open 2
   or
   .Fn mparse_open .
   Pass the associated filename in
   .Va fname .
   Calls
   .Fn mparse_wait
   before returning.
   This function may be called multiple times with different parameters; however,
 .Fn mparse_reset  .Fn mparse_reset
 should be invoked between parses.  should be invoked between parses.
   Declared in
   .In mandoc.h ,
   implemented in
   .Pa read.c .
 .It Fn mparse_reset  .It Fn mparse_reset
 Reset a parser so that  Reset a parser so that
 .Fn mparse_readfd  .Fn mparse_readfd
 may be used again.  may be used again.
   Declared in
   .In mandoc.h ,
   implemented in
   .Pa read.c .
 .It Fn mparse_result  .It Fn mparse_result
 Obtain the result of a parse.  Obtain the result of a parse.
 Only successful parses  Only successful parses
Line 346  i.e., those where
Line 447  i.e., those where
 .Fn mparse_readfd  .Fn mparse_readfd
 returned less than MANDOCLEVEL_FATAL  returned less than MANDOCLEVEL_FATAL
 .Pc  .Pc
 should invoke this function, in which case one of the two pointers will  should invoke this function, in which case one of the three pointers will
 be filled in.  be filled in.
   Declared in
   .In mandoc.h ,
   implemented in
   .Pa read.c .
 .It Fn mparse_strerror  .It Fn mparse_strerror
 Return a statically-allocated string representation of an error code.  Return a statically-allocated string representation of an error code.
   Declared in
   .In mandoc.h ,
   implemented in
   .Pa read.c .
 .It Fn mparse_strlevel  .It Fn mparse_strlevel
 Return a statically-allocated string representation of a level code.  Return a statically-allocated string representation of a level code.
   Declared in
   .In mandoc.h ,
   implemented in
   .Pa read.c .
   .It Fn mparse_wait
   Bury a
   .Xr gunzip 1
   child process that was spawned with
   .Fn mparse_open .
   To be called after the parse sequence is complete.
   Not needed after
   .Fn mparse_readfd ,
   but does no harm in that case, either.
   Returns
   .Dv MANDOCLEVEL_OK
   on success and
   .Dv MANDOCLEVEL_SYSERR
   on failure, that is, when
   .Xr wait 2
   fails, or when
   .Xr gunzip 1
   died from a signal or exited with non-zero status.
   Declared in
   .In mandoc.h ,
   implemented in
   .Pa read.c .
 .El  .El
 .Ss Variables  .Ss Variables
 .Bl -ohang  .Bl -ohang
Line 388  The following non-printing characters may be embedded 
Line 523  The following non-printing characters may be embedded 
 A non-breaking space character.  A non-breaking space character.
 .It Dv ASCII_HYPH  .It Dv ASCII_HYPH
 A soft hyphen.  A soft hyphen.
   .It Dv ASCII_BREAK
   A breakable zero-width space.
 .El  .El
 .Pp  .Pp
 Escape characters are also passed verbatim into text strings.  Escape characters are also passed verbatim into text strings.
Line 395  An escape character is a sequence of characters beginn
Line 532  An escape character is a sequence of characters beginn
 backslash  backslash
 .Pq Sq \e .  .Pq Sq \e .
 To construct human-readable text, these should be intercepted with  To construct human-readable text, these should be intercepted with
 .Fn mandoc_escape  .Xr mandoc_escape 3
 and converted with one of  and converted with one the functions described in
 .Fn mchars_num2char ,  .Xr mchars_alloc 3 .
 .Fn mchars_spec2str ,  
 and so on.  
 .Ss Man Abstract Syntax Tree  .Ss Man Abstract Syntax Tree
 This AST is governed by the ontological rules dictated in  This AST is governed by the ontological rules dictated in
 .Xr man 7  .Xr man 7
Line 444  where capitalised non-terminals represent nodes.
Line 579  where capitalised non-terminals represent nodes.
 .El  .El
 .Pp  .Pp
 The only elements capable of nesting other elements are those with  The only elements capable of nesting other elements are those with
 next-lint scope as documented in  next-line scope as documented in
 .Xr man 7 .  .Xr man 7 .
 .Ss Mdoc Abstract Syntax Tree  .Ss Mdoc Abstract Syntax Tree
 This AST is governed by the ontological  This AST is governed by the ontological
Line 580  front-ends to
Line 715  front-ends to
 .Xr mandoc 1  .Xr mandoc 1
 are unable to render them in any meaningful way.  are unable to render them in any meaningful way.
 Furthermore, behaviour when encountering badly-nested blocks is not  Furthermore, behaviour when encountering badly-nested blocks is not
 consistent across troff implementations, especially when using  multiple  consistent across troff implementations, especially when using multiple
 levels of badly-nested blocks.  levels of badly-nested blocks.
 .Sh SEE ALSO  .Sh SEE ALSO
 .Xr mandoc 1 ,  .Xr mandoc 1 ,
   .Xr mandoc_escape 3 ,
   .Xr mandoc_malloc 3 ,
   .Xr mchars_alloc 3 ,
 .Xr eqn 7 ,  .Xr eqn 7 ,
 .Xr man 7 ,  .Xr man 7 ,
 .Xr mandoc_char 7 ,  .Xr mandoc_char 7 ,
Line 594  levels of badly-nested blocks.
Line 732  levels of badly-nested blocks.
 The  The
 .Nm  .Nm
 library was written by  library was written by
 .An Kristaps Dzonsons ,  .An Kristaps Dzonsons Aq Mt kristaps@bsd.lv .
 .Mt kristaps@bsd.lv .  

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