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version 1.4, 2011/04/19 16:30:00 version 1.42, 2018/08/23 19:33:27
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 .\"     $Id$  .\"     $Id$
 .\"  .\"
 .\" Copyright (c) 2009, 2010, 2011 Kristaps Dzonsons <kristaps@bsd.lv>  .\" Copyright (c) 2009, 2010, 2011 Kristaps Dzonsons <kristaps@bsd.lv>
 .\" Copyright (c) 2010 Ingo Schwarze <schwarze@openbsd.org>  .\" Copyright (c) 2010-2017 Ingo Schwarze <schwarze@openbsd.org>
 .\"  .\"
 .\" Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any  .\" Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any
 .\" purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above  .\" purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
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 .Os  .Os
 .Sh NAME  .Sh NAME
 .Nm mandoc ,  .Nm mandoc ,
 .Nm mandoc_escape ,  .Nm deroff ,
 .Nm man_meta ,  .Nm mandocmsg ,
 .Nm man_node ,  .Nm man_validate ,
 .Nm mdoc_meta ,  .Nm mdoc_validate ,
 .Nm mdoc_node ,  
 .Nm mparse_alloc ,  .Nm mparse_alloc ,
   .Nm mparse_copy ,
 .Nm mparse_free ,  .Nm mparse_free ,
   .Nm mparse_open ,
 .Nm mparse_readfd ,  .Nm mparse_readfd ,
 .Nm mparse_reset ,  .Nm mparse_reset ,
 .Nm mparse_result ,  .Nm mparse_result ,
 .Nm mparse_strerror ,  .Nm mparse_strerror ,
 .Nm mparse_strlevel  .Nm mparse_strlevel ,
   .Nm mparse_updaterc
 .Nd mandoc macro compiler library  .Nd mandoc macro compiler library
 .Sh SYNOPSIS  .Sh SYNOPSIS
 .In man.h  .In sys/types.h
 .In mdoc.h  
 .In mandoc.h  .In mandoc.h
 .Ft "enum mandoc_esc"  .Pp
 .Fo mandoc_escape  .Fd "#define ASCII_NBRSP"
 .Fa "const char **in"  .Fd "#define ASCII_HYPH"
 .Fa "const char **seq"  .Fd "#define ASCII_BREAK"
 .Fa "int *len"  .Ft struct mparse *
   .Fo mparse_alloc
   .Fa "int options"
   .Fa "enum mandocerr mmin"
   .Fa "mandocmsg mmsg"
   .Fa "enum mandoc_os oe_e"
   .Fa "char *os_s"
 .Fc  .Fc
 .Ft "const struct man_meta *"  
 .Fo man_meta  
 .Fa "const struct man *man"  
 .Fc  
 .Ft "const struct man_node *"  
 .Fo man_node  
 .Fa "const struct man *man"  
 .Fc  
 .Ft "const struct mdoc_meta *"  
 .Fo mdoc_meta  
 .Fa "const struct mdoc *mdoc"  
 .Fc  
 .Ft "const struct mdoc_node *"  
 .Fo mdoc_node  
 .Fa "const struct mdoc *mdoc"  
 .Fc  
 .Ft void  .Ft void
 .Fo mparse_alloc  .Fo (*mandocmsg)
 .Fa "enum mparset type"  .Fa "enum mandocerr errtype"
 .Fa "enum mandoclevel wlevel"  .Fa "enum mandoclevel level"
 .Fa "mandocmsg msg"  .Fa "const char *file"
 .Fa "void *msgarg"  .Fa "int line"
   .Fa "int col"
   .Fa "const char *msg"
 .Fc  .Fc
 .Ft void  .Ft void
 .Fo mparse_free  .Fo mparse_free
 .Fa "struct mparse *parse"  .Fa "struct mparse *parse"
 .Fc  .Fc
   .Ft void
   .Fo mparse_copy
   .Fa "const struct mparse *parse"
   .Fc
   .Ft int
   .Fo mparse_open
   .Fa "struct mparse *parse"
   .Fa "const char *fname"
   .Fc
 .Ft "enum mandoclevel"  .Ft "enum mandoclevel"
 .Fo mparse_readfd  .Fo mparse_readfd
 .Fa "struct mparse *parse"  .Fa "struct mparse *parse"
Line 83 
Line 85 
 .Ft void  .Ft void
 .Fo mparse_result  .Fo mparse_result
 .Fa "struct mparse *parse"  .Fa "struct mparse *parse"
 .Fa "struct mdoc **mdoc"  .Fa "struct roff_man **man"
 .Fa "struct man **man"  .Fa "char **sodest"
 .Fc  .Fc
 .Ft "const char *"  .Ft "const char *"
 .Fo mparse_strerror  .Fo mparse_strerror
Line 94 
Line 96 
 .Fo mparse_strlevel  .Fo mparse_strlevel
 .Fa "enum mandoclevel"  .Fa "enum mandoclevel"
 .Fc  .Fc
 .Vt extern const char * const * man_macronames;  .Ft void
   .Fo mparse_updaterc
   .Fa "struct mparse *parse"
   .Fa "enum mandoclevel *rc"
   .Fc
   .In roff.h
   .Ft void
   .Fo deroff
   .Fa "char **dest"
   .Fa "const struct roff_node *node"
   .Fc
   .In sys/types.h
   .In mandoc.h
   .In mdoc.h
 .Vt extern const char * const * mdoc_argnames;  .Vt extern const char * const * mdoc_argnames;
 .Vt extern const char * const * mdoc_macronames;  .Vt extern const char * const * mdoc_macronames;
 .Fd "#define ASCII_NBRSP"  .Ft void
 .Fd "#define ASCII_HYPH"  .Fo mdoc_validate
   .Fa "struct roff_man *mdoc"
   .Fc
   .In sys/types.h
   .In mandoc.h
   .In man.h
   .Vt extern const char * const * man_macronames;
   .Ft void
   .Fo man_validate
   .Fa "struct roff_man *man"
   .Fc
 .Sh DESCRIPTION  .Sh DESCRIPTION
 The  The
 .Nm mandoc  .Nm mandoc
Line 121  The following describes a general parse sequence:
Line 146  The following describes a general parse sequence:
 .Bl -enum  .Bl -enum
 .It  .It
 initiate a parsing sequence with  initiate a parsing sequence with
   .Xr mchars_alloc 3
   and
 .Fn mparse_alloc ;  .Fn mparse_alloc ;
 .It  .It
 parse files or file descriptors with  open a file with
   .Xr open 2
   or
   .Fn mparse_open ;
   .It
   parse it with
 .Fn mparse_readfd ;  .Fn mparse_readfd ;
 .It  .It
 retrieve a parsed syntax tree, if the parse was successful, with  close it with
   .Xr close 2 ;
   .It
   retrieve the syntax tree with
 .Fn mparse_result ;  .Fn mparse_result ;
 .It  .It
 iterate over parse nodes with  depending on whether the
 .Fn mdoc_node  .Fa macroset
   member of the returned
   .Vt struct roff_man
   is
   .Dv MACROSET_MDOC
 or  or
 .Fn man_node ;  .Dv MACROSET_MAN ,
   validate it with
   .Fn mdoc_validate
   or
   .Fn man_validate ,
   respectively;
 .It  .It
   if information about the validity of the input is needed, fetch it with
   .Fn mparse_updaterc ;
   .It
   iterate over parse nodes with starting from the
   .Fa first
   member of the returned
   .Vt struct roff_man ;
   .It
 free all allocated memory with  free all allocated memory with
 .Fn mparse_free ,  .Fn mparse_free
   and
   .Xr mchars_free 3 ,
 or invoke  or invoke
 .Fn mparse_reset  .Fn mparse_reset
 and parse new files.  and go back to step 2 to parse new files.
 .El  .El
 .Sh REFERENCE  .Sh REFERENCE
 This section documents the functions, types, and variables available  This section documents the functions, types, and variables available
 via  via
 .In mandoc.h .  .In mandoc.h ,
   with the exception of those documented in
   .Xr mandoc_escape 3
   and
   .Xr mchars_alloc 3 .
 .Ss Types  .Ss Types
 .Bl -ohang  .Bl -ohang
 .It Vt "enum mandoc_esc"  
 .It Vt "enum mandocerr"  .It Vt "enum mandocerr"
   An error or warning message during parsing.
 .It Vt "enum mandoclevel"  .It Vt "enum mandoclevel"
 .It Vt "enum mparset"  A classification of an
   .Vt "enum mandocerr"
   as regards system operation.
   See the DIAGNOSTICS section in
   .Xr mandoc 1
   regarding the meanings of the levels.
 .It Vt "struct mparse"  .It Vt "struct mparse"
   An opaque pointer to a running parse sequence.
   Created with
   .Fn mparse_alloc
   and freed with
   .Fn mparse_free .
   This may be used across parsed input if
   .Fn mparse_reset
   is called between parses.
 .It Vt "mandocmsg"  .It Vt "mandocmsg"
   A prototype for a function to handle error and warning
   messages emitted by the parser.
 .El  .El
 .Ss Functions  .Ss Functions
 .Bl -ohang  .Bl -ohang
 .It Fn mandoc_escape  .It Fn deroff
 Scan an escape sequence, i.e., a character string beginning with  Obtain a text-only representation of a
 .Sq \e .  .Vt struct roff_node ,
 Pass a pointer to this string as  including text contained in its child nodes.
 .Va end ;  To be used on children of the
 it will be set to the supremum of the parsed escape sequence unless  .Fa first
 returning ESCAPE_ERROR, in which case the string is bogus and should be  member of
 thrown away.  .Vt struct roff_man .
 If not ESCAPE_ERROR or ESCAPE_IGNORE,  When it is no longer needed, the pointer returned from
 .Va start  .Fn deroff
 is set to the first relevant character of the substring (font, glyph,  can be passed to
 whatever) of length  .Xr free 3 .
 .Va sz .  .It Fn man_validate
 Both  Validate the
 .Va start  .Dv MACROSET_MAN
 and  parse tree obtained with
 .Va sz  
 may be NULL.  
 .It Fn man_meta  
 Obtain the meta-data of a successful parse.  
 This may only be used on a pointer returned by  
 .Fn mparse_result .  .Fn mparse_result .
 .It Fn man_node  Declared in
 Obtain the root node of a successful parse.  .In man.h ,
 This may only be used on a pointer returned by  implemented in
   .Pa man.c .
   .It Fn mdoc_validate
   Validate the
   .Dv MACROSET_MDOC
   parse tree obtained with
 .Fn mparse_result .  .Fn mparse_result .
 .It Fn mdoc_meta  Declared in
 Obtain the meta-data of a successful parse.  .In mdoc.h ,
 This may only be used on a pointer returned by  implemented in
 .Fn mparse_result .  .Pa mdoc.c .
 .It Fn mdoc_node  
 Obtain the root node of a successful parse.  
 This may only be used on a pointer returned by  
 .Fn mparse_result .  
 .It Fn mparse_alloc  .It Fn mparse_alloc
 Allocate a parser.  Allocate a parser.
   The arguments have the following effect:
   .Bl -tag -offset 5n -width inttype
   .It Ar options
   When the
   .Dv MPARSE_MDOC
   or
   .Dv MPARSE_MAN
   bit is set, only that parser is used.
   Otherwise, the document type is automatically detected.
   .Pp
   When the
   .Dv MPARSE_SO
   bit is set,
   .Xr roff 7
   .Ic \&so
   file inclusion requests are always honoured.
   Otherwise, if the request is the only content in an input file,
   only the file name is remembered, to be returned in the
   .Fa sodest
   argument of
   .Fn mparse_result .
   .Pp
   When the
   .Dv MPARSE_QUICK
   bit is set, parsing is aborted after the NAME section.
   This is for example useful in
   .Xr makewhatis 8
   .Fl Q
   to quickly build minimal databases.
   .It Ar mmin
   Can be set to
   .Dv MANDOCERR_BASE ,
   .Dv MANDOCERR_STYLE ,
   .Dv MANDOCERR_WARNING ,
   .Dv MANDOCERR_ERROR ,
   .Dv MANDOCERR_UNSUPP ,
   or
   .Dv MANDOCERR_MAX .
   Messages below the selected level will be suppressed.
   .It Ar mmsg
   A callback function to handle errors and warnings.
   See
   .Pa main.c
   for an example.
   If printing of error messages is not desired,
   .Dv NULL
   may be passed.
   .It Ar os_e
   Operating system to check base system conventions for.
   If
   .Dv MANDOC_OS_OTHER ,
   the system is automatically detected from
   .Ic \&Os ,
   .Fl Ios ,
   or
   .Xr uname 3 .
   .It Ar os_s
   A default string for the
   .Xr mdoc 7
   .Ic \&Os
   macro, overriding the
   .Dv OSNAME
   preprocessor definition and the results of
   .Xr uname 3 .
   Passing
   .Dv NULL
   sets no default.
   .El
   .Pp
 The same parser may be used for multiple files so long as  The same parser may be used for multiple files so long as
 .Fn mparse_reset  .Fn mparse_reset
 is called between parses.  is called between parses.
 .Fn mparse_free  .Fn mparse_free
 must be called to free the memory allocated by this function.  must be called to free the memory allocated by this function.
   Declared in
   .In mandoc.h ,
   implemented in
   .Pa read.c .
 .It Fn mparse_free  .It Fn mparse_free
 Free all memory allocated by  Free all memory allocated by
 .Fn mparse_alloc .  .Fn mparse_alloc .
   Declared in
   .In mandoc.h ,
   implemented in
   .Pa read.c .
   .It Fn mparse_copy
   Dump a copy of the input to the standard output; used for
   .Fl man T Ns Cm man .
   Declared in
   .In mandoc.h ,
   implemented in
   .Pa read.c .
   .It Fn mparse_open
   Open the file for reading.
   If that fails and
   .Fa fname
   does not already end in
   .Ql .gz ,
   try again after appending
   .Ql .gz .
   Save the information whether the file is zipped or not.
   Return a file descriptor open for reading or -1 on failure.
   It can be passed to
   .Fn mparse_readfd
   or used directly.
   Declared in
   .In mandoc.h ,
   implemented in
   .Pa read.c .
 .It Fn mparse_readfd  .It Fn mparse_readfd
 Parse a file or file descriptor.  Parse a file descriptor opened with
 If  .Xr open 2
 .Va fd  or
 is -1,  .Fn mparse_open .
 .Va fname  Pass the associated filename in
 is opened for reading.  .Va fname .
 Otherwise,  This function may be called multiple times with different parameters; however,
 .Va fname  .Xr close 2
 is assumed to be the name associated with  and
 .Va fd .  
 This may be called multiple times with different parameters; however,  
 .Fn mparse_reset  .Fn mparse_reset
 should be invoked between parses.  should be invoked between parses.
   Declared in
   .In mandoc.h ,
   implemented in
   .Pa read.c .
 .It Fn mparse_reset  .It Fn mparse_reset
 Reset a parser so that  Reset a parser so that
 .Fn mparse_readfd  .Fn mparse_readfd
 may be used again.  may be used again.
   Declared in
   .In mandoc.h ,
   implemented in
   .Pa read.c .
 .It Fn mparse_result  .It Fn mparse_result
 Obtain the result of a parse.  Obtain the result of a parse.
 Only successful parses  One of the two pointers will be filled in.
 .Po  Declared in
 i.e., those where  .In mandoc.h ,
 .Fn mparse_readfd  implemented in
 returned less than MANDOCLEVEL_FATAL  .Pa read.c .
 .Pc  
 should invoke this function, in which case one of the two pointers will  
 be filled in.  
 .It Fn mparse_strerror  .It Fn mparse_strerror
 Return a statically-allocated string representation of an error code.  Return a statically-allocated string representation of an error code.
   Declared in
   .In mandoc.h ,
   implemented in
   .Pa read.c .
 .It Fn mparse_strlevel  .It Fn mparse_strlevel
 Return a statically-allocated string representation of a level code.  Return a statically-allocated string representation of a level code.
   Declared in
   .In mandoc.h ,
   implemented in
   .Pa read.c .
   .It Fn mparse_updaterc
   If the highest warning or error level that occurred during the current
   .Fa parse
   is higher than
   .Pf * Fa rc ,
   update
   .Pf * Fa rc
   accordingly.
   This is useful after calling
   .Fn mdoc_validate
   or
   .Fn man_validate .
   Declared in
   .In mandoc.h ,
   implemented in
   .Pa read.c .
 .El  .El
 .Ss Variables  .Ss Variables
 .Bl -ohang  .Bl -ohang
 .It Va man_macronames  .It Va man_macronames
 The string representation of a man macro as indexed by  The string representation of a
   .Xr man 7
   macro as indexed by
 .Vt "enum mant" .  .Vt "enum mant" .
 .It Va mdoc_argnames  .It Va mdoc_argnames
 The string representation of a mdoc macro argument as indexed by  The string representation of an
   .Xr mdoc 7
   macro argument as indexed by
 .Vt "enum mdocargt" .  .Vt "enum mdocargt" .
 .It Va mdoc_macronames  .It Va mdoc_macronames
 The string representation of a mdoc macro as indexed by  The string representation of an
   .Xr mdoc 7
   macro as indexed by
 .Vt "enum mdoct" .  .Vt "enum mdoct" .
 .El  .El
 .Sh IMPLEMENTATION NOTES  .Sh IMPLEMENTATION NOTES
Line 249  This section consists of structural documentation for
Line 452  This section consists of structural documentation for
 .Xr mdoc 7  .Xr mdoc 7
 and  and
 .Xr man 7  .Xr man 7
 syntax trees.  syntax trees and strings.
   .Ss Man and Mdoc Strings
   Strings may be extracted from mdoc and man meta-data, or from text
   nodes (MDOC_TEXT and MAN_TEXT, respectively).
   These strings have special non-printing formatting cues embedded in the
   text itself, as well as
   .Xr roff 7
   escapes preserved from input.
   Implementing systems will need to handle both situations to produce
   human-readable text.
   In general, strings may be assumed to consist of 7-bit ASCII characters.
   .Pp
   The following non-printing characters may be embedded in text strings:
   .Bl -tag -width Ds
   .It Dv ASCII_NBRSP
   A non-breaking space character.
   .It Dv ASCII_HYPH
   A soft hyphen.
   .It Dv ASCII_BREAK
   A breakable zero-width space.
   .El
   .Pp
   Escape characters are also passed verbatim into text strings.
   An escape character is a sequence of characters beginning with the
   backslash
   .Pq Sq \e .
   To construct human-readable text, these should be intercepted with
   .Xr mandoc_escape 3
   and converted with one the functions described in
   .Xr mchars_alloc 3 .
 .Ss Man Abstract Syntax Tree  .Ss Man Abstract Syntax Tree
 This AST is governed by the ontological rules dictated in  This AST is governed by the ontological rules dictated in
 .Xr man 7  .Xr man 7
 and derives its terminology accordingly.  and derives its terminology accordingly.
 .Pp  .Pp
 The AST is composed of  The AST is composed of
 .Vt struct man_node  .Vt struct roff_node
 nodes with element, root and text types as declared by the  nodes with element, root and text types as declared by the
 .Va type  .Va type
 field.  field.
 Each node also provides its parse point (the  Each node also provides its parse point (the
 .Va line ,  .Va line ,
 .Va sec ,  .Va pos ,
 and  and
 .Va pos  .Va sec
 fields), its position in the tree (the  fields), its position in the tree (the
 .Va parent ,  .Va parent ,
 .Va child ,  .Va child ,
Line 290  where capitalised non-terminals represent nodes.
Line 522  where capitalised non-terminals represent nodes.
 .It ELEMENT  .It ELEMENT
 \(<- ELEMENT | TEXT*  \(<- ELEMENT | TEXT*
 .It TEXT  .It TEXT
 \(<- [[:alpha:]]*  \(<- [[:ascii:]]*
 .El  .El
 .Pp  .Pp
 The only elements capable of nesting other elements are those with  The only elements capable of nesting other elements are those with
 next-lint scope as documented in  next-line scope as documented in
 .Xr man 7 .  .Xr man 7 .
 .Ss Mdoc Abstract Syntax Tree  .Ss Mdoc Abstract Syntax Tree
 This AST is governed by the ontological  This AST is governed by the ontological
Line 308  are described simply as
Line 540  are described simply as
 .Qq elements .  .Qq elements .
 .Pp  .Pp
 The AST is composed of  The AST is composed of
 .Vt struct mdoc_node  .Vt struct roff_node
 nodes with block, head, body, element, root and text types as declared  nodes with block, head, body, element, root and text types as declared
 by the  by the
 .Va type  .Va type
 field.  field.
 Each node also provides its parse point (the  Each node also provides its parse point (the
 .Va line ,  .Va line ,
 .Va sec ,  .Va pos ,
 and  and
 .Va pos  .Va sec
 fields), its position in the tree (the  fields), its position in the tree (the
 .Va parent ,  .Va parent ,
 .Va child ,  .Va child ,
 .Va nchild ,  .Va last ,
 .Va next  .Va next
 and  and
 .Va prev  .Va prev
Line 349  where capitalised non-terminals represent nodes.
Line 581  where capitalised non-terminals represent nodes.
 .It TAIL  .It TAIL
 \(<- mnode*  \(<- mnode*
 .It TEXT  .It TEXT
 \(<- [[:printable:],0x1e]*  \(<- [[:ascii:]]*
 .El  .El
 .Pp  .Pp
 Of note are the TEXT nodes following the HEAD, BODY and TAIL nodes of  Of note are the TEXT nodes following the HEAD, BODY and TAIL nodes of
Line 364  where a new body introduces a new phrase.
Line 596  where a new body introduces a new phrase.
 .Pp  .Pp
 The  The
 .Xr mdoc 7  .Xr mdoc 7
 syntax tree accomodates for broken block structures as well.  syntax tree accommodates for broken block structures as well.
 The ENDBODY node is available to end the formatting associated  The ENDBODY node is available to end the formatting associated
 with a given block before the physical end of that block.  with a given block before the physical end of that block.
 It has a non-null  It has a non-null
Line 405  TEXT end
Line 637  TEXT end
 .Ed  .Ed
 .Pp  .Pp
 Here, the formatting of the  Here, the formatting of the
 .Sq \&Ao  .Ic \&Ao
 block extends from TEXT ao to TEXT ac,  block extends from TEXT ao to TEXT ac,
 while the formatting of the  while the formatting of the
 .Sq \&Bo  .Ic \&Bo
 block extends from TEXT bo to TEXT bc.  block extends from TEXT bo to TEXT bc.
 It renders as follows in  It renders as follows in
 .Fl T Ns Cm ascii  .Fl T Ns Cm ascii
Line 424  Using badly-nested blocks is
Line 656  Using badly-nested blocks is
 .Em strongly discouraged ;  .Em strongly discouraged ;
 for example, the  for example, the
 .Fl T Ns Cm html  .Fl T Ns Cm html
 and  front-end to
 .Fl T Ns Cm xhtml  
 front-ends to  
 .Xr mandoc 1  .Xr mandoc 1
 are unable to render them in any meaningful way.  is unable to render them in any meaningful way.
 Furthermore, behaviour when encountering badly-nested blocks is not  Furthermore, behaviour when encountering badly-nested blocks is not
 consistent across troff implementations, especially when using  multiple  consistent across troff implementations, especially when using multiple
 levels of badly-nested blocks.  levels of badly-nested blocks.
 .Sh SEE ALSO  .Sh SEE ALSO
 .Xr mandoc 1 ,  .Xr mandoc 1 ,
   .Xr man.cgi 3 ,
   .Xr mandoc_escape 3 ,
   .Xr mandoc_headers 3 ,
   .Xr mandoc_malloc 3 ,
   .Xr mansearch 3 ,
   .Xr mchars_alloc 3 ,
   .Xr tbl 3 ,
 .Xr eqn 7 ,  .Xr eqn 7 ,
 .Xr man 7 ,  .Xr man 7 ,
   .Xr mandoc_char 7 ,
 .Xr mdoc 7 ,  .Xr mdoc 7 ,
 .Xr roff 7 ,  .Xr roff 7 ,
 .Xr tbl 7  .Xr tbl 7
 .Sh AUTHORS  .Sh AUTHORS
   .An -nosplit
 The  The
 .Nm  .Nm
 library was written by  library was written by
 .An Kristaps Dzonsons Aq kristaps@bsd.lv .  .An Kristaps Dzonsons Aq Mt kristaps@bsd.lv
   and is maintained by
   .An Ingo Schwarze Aq Mt schwarze@openbsd.org .

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  Added in v.1.42

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