| version 1.5, 2009/06/10 20:18:43 |
version 1.64, 2017/02/05 21:41:21 |
|
|
| .\" $Id$ |
.\" $Id$ |
| .\" |
.\" |
| .\" Copyright (c) 2009 Kristaps Dzonsons <kristaps@kth.se> |
.\" Copyright (c) 2003 Jason McIntyre <jmc@openbsd.org> |
| |
.\" Copyright (c) 2009, 2010, 2011 Kristaps Dzonsons <kristaps@bsd.lv> |
| |
.\" Copyright (c) 2011, 2013, 2015 Ingo Schwarze <schwarze@openbsd.org> |
| .\" |
.\" |
| .\" Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any |
.\" Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any |
| .\" purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above |
.\" purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above |
|
|
| .\" WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN |
.\" WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN |
| .\" ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF |
.\" ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF |
| .\" OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE. |
.\" OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE. |
| .\" |
.\" |
| .Dd $Mdocdate$ |
.Dd $Mdocdate$ |
| .Dt MANDOC_CHAR 7 |
.Dt MANDOC_CHAR 7 |
| .Os |
.Os |
| .\" SECTION |
|
| .Sh NAME |
.Sh NAME |
| .Nm mandoc_char |
.Nm mandoc_char |
| .Nd mandoc special characters |
.Nd mandoc special characters |
| .\" SECTION |
|
| .Sh DESCRIPTION |
.Sh DESCRIPTION |
| This documents the special characters accepted by |
This page documents the |
| |
.Xr roff 7 |
| |
escape sequences accepted by |
| .Xr mandoc 1 |
.Xr mandoc 1 |
| to format |
to represent special characters in |
| .Xr mdoc 7 |
.Xr mdoc 7 |
| and |
and |
| .Xr man 7 |
.Xr man 7 |
| documents. Specific output devices of |
documents. |
| |
.Pp |
| |
The rendering depends on the |
| |
.Xr mandoc 1 |
| |
output mode; in ASCII output, most characters are completely |
| |
unintelligible. |
| |
For that reason, using any of the special characters documented here, |
| |
except those discussed in the |
| |
.Sx DESCRIPTION , |
| |
is strongly discouraged; they are supported merely for backwards |
| |
compatibility with existing documents. |
| |
.Pp |
| |
In particular, in English manual pages, do not use special-character |
| |
escape sequences to represent national language characters in author |
| |
names; instead, provide ASCII transcriptions of the names. |
| |
.Ss Dashes and Hyphens |
| |
In typography there are different types of dashes of various width: |
| |
the hyphen (-), |
| |
the minus sign (\(mi), |
| |
the en-dash (\(en), |
| |
and the em-dash (\(em). |
| |
.Pp |
| |
Hyphens are used for adjectives; |
| |
to separate the two parts of a compound word; |
| |
or to separate a word across two successive lines of text. |
| |
The hyphen does not need to be escaped: |
| |
.Bd -unfilled -offset indent |
| |
blue-eyed |
| |
lorry-driver |
| |
.Ed |
| |
.Pp |
| |
If a word on a text input line contains a hyphen, a formatter may decide |
| |
to insert an output line break after the hyphen if that helps filling |
| |
the current output line, but the whole word would overflow the line. |
| |
If it is important that the word is not broken across lines in this |
| |
way, a zero-width space |
| |
.Pq Sq \e& |
| |
can be inserted before or after the hyphen. |
| |
While |
| |
.Xr mandoc 1 |
| |
never breaks the output line after hyphens adjacent to a zero-width |
| |
space, after any of the other dash- or hyphen-like characters |
| |
represented by escape sequences, or after hyphens inside words in |
| |
macro arguments, other software may not respect these rules and may |
| |
break the line even in such cases. |
| |
.Pp |
| |
Some |
| |
.Xr roff 7 |
| |
implementations contains dictionaries allowing to break the line |
| |
at syllable boundaries even inside words that contain no hyphens. |
| |
Such automatic hyphenation is not supported by |
| .Xr mandoc 1 , |
.Xr mandoc 1 , |
| dictated by the |
which only breaks the line at whitespace, and inside words only |
| .Fl T Ns Ar output |
after existing hyphens. |
| argument, will properly render these sequences. |
|
| .Pp |
.Pp |
| Both |
The mathematical minus sign is used for negative numbers or subtraction. |
| .Xr mdoc 7 |
It should be written as |
| |
.Sq \e(mi : |
| |
.Bd -unfilled -offset indent |
| |
a = 3 \e(mi 1; |
| |
b = \e(mi2; |
| |
.Ed |
| |
.Pp |
| |
The en-dash is used to separate the two elements of a range, |
| |
or can be used the same way as an em-dash. |
| |
It should be written as |
| |
.Sq \e(en : |
| |
.Bd -unfilled -offset indent |
| |
pp. 95\e(en97. |
| |
Go away \e(en or else! |
| |
.Ed |
| |
.Pp |
| |
The em-dash can be used to show an interruption |
| |
or can be used the same way as colons, semi-colons, or parentheses. |
| |
It should be written as |
| |
.Sq \e(em : |
| |
.Bd -unfilled -offset indent |
| |
Three things \e(em apples, oranges, and bananas. |
| |
This is not that \e(em rather, this is that. |
| |
.Ed |
| |
.Pp |
| |
Note: |
| |
hyphens, minus signs, and en-dashes look identical under normal ASCII output. |
| |
Other formats, such as PostScript, render them correctly, |
| |
with differing widths. |
| |
.Ss Spaces |
| |
To separate words in normal text, for indenting and alignment |
| |
in literal context, and when none of the following special cases apply, |
| |
just use the normal space character |
| |
.Pq Sq \ . |
| |
.Pp |
| |
When filling text, output lines may be broken between words, i.e. at space |
| |
characters. |
| |
To prevent a line break between two particular words, |
| |
use the unpaddable non-breaking space escape sequence |
| |
.Pq Sq \e\ \& |
| |
instead of the normal space character. |
| |
For example, the input string |
| |
.Dq number\e\ 1 |
| |
will be kept together as |
| |
.Dq number\ 1 |
| |
on the same output line. |
| |
.Pp |
| |
On request and macro lines, the normal space character serves as an |
| |
argument delimiter. |
| |
To include whitespace into arguments, quoting is usually the best choice; |
| |
see the MACRO SYNTAX section in |
| |
.Xr roff 7 . |
| |
In some cases, using the non-breaking space escape sequence |
| |
.Pq Sq \e\ \& |
| |
may be preferable. |
| |
.Pp |
| |
To escape macro names and to protect whitespace at the end |
| |
of input lines, the zero-width space |
| |
.Pq Sq \e& |
| |
is often useful. |
| |
For example, in |
| |
.Xr mdoc 7 , |
| |
a normal space character can be displayed in single quotes in either |
| |
of the following ways: |
| |
.Pp |
| |
.Dl .Sq \(dq \(dq |
| |
.Dl .Sq \e \e& |
| |
.Ss Quotes |
| |
On request and macro lines, the double-quote character |
| |
.Pq Sq \(dq |
| |
is handled specially to allow quoting. |
| |
One way to prevent this special handling is by using the |
| |
.Sq \e(dq |
| |
escape sequence. |
| |
.Pp |
| |
Note that on text lines, literal double-quote characters can be used |
| |
verbatim. |
| |
All other quote-like characters can be used verbatim as well, |
| |
even on request and macro lines. |
| |
.Ss Accents |
| |
In output modes supporting such special output characters, for example |
| |
.Fl T Cm pdf , |
| |
some |
| |
.Xr roff 7 |
| |
formatters convert the following ASCII input characters to the |
| |
following Unicode special output characters: |
| |
.Bl -column x(ga U+2018 -offset indent |
| |
.It \(ga Ta U+2018 Ta left single quotation mark |
| |
.It \(aq Ta U+2019 Ta right single quotation mark |
| |
.It \(ti Ta U+02DC Ta small tilde |
| |
.El |
| |
.Pp |
| |
In prose, this automatic substitution is often desirable; |
| |
but when these characters have to be displayed as plain ASCII |
| |
characters, for example in source code samples, they require |
| |
escaping to render as follows: |
| |
.Bl -column x(ga U+2018 -offset indent |
| |
.It \e(ga Ta U+0060 Ta grave accent |
| |
.It \e(aq Ta U+0027 Ta apostrophe |
| |
.It \e(ti Ta U+007E Ta tilde |
| |
.El |
| |
.Ss Periods |
| |
The period |
| |
.Pq Sq \&. |
| |
is handled specially at the beginning of an input line, |
| |
where it introduces a |
| |
.Xr roff 7 |
| |
request or a macro, and when appearing alone as a macro argument in |
| |
.Xr mdoc 7 . |
| |
In such situations, prepend a zero-width space |
| |
.Pq Sq \e&. |
| |
to make it behave like normal text. |
| |
.Pp |
| |
Do not use the |
| |
.Sq \e. |
| |
escape sequence. |
| |
It does not prevent special handling of the period. |
| |
.Ss Backslashes |
| |
To include a literal backslash |
| |
.Pq Sq \e |
| |
into the output, use the |
| |
.Pq Sq \ee |
| |
escape sequence. |
| |
.Pp |
| |
Note that doubling it |
| |
.Pq Sq \e\e |
| |
is not the right way to output a backslash. |
| |
Because |
| |
.Xr mandoc 1 |
| |
does not implement full |
| |
.Xr roff 7 |
| |
functionality, it may work with |
| |
.Xr mandoc 1 , |
| |
but it may have weird effects on complete |
| |
.Xr roff 7 |
| |
implementations. |
| |
.Sh SPECIAL CHARACTERS |
| |
Special characters are encoded as |
| |
.Sq \eX |
| |
.Pq for a one-character escape , |
| |
.Sq \e(XX |
| |
.Pq two-character , |
| and |
and |
| .Xr man 7 |
.Sq \e[N] |
| encode special characters with slightly different semantics; consult the |
.Pq N-character . |
| respective manuals for these escapes. |
For details, see the |
| |
.Em Special Characters |
| |
subsection of the |
| |
.Xr roff 7 |
| |
manual. |
| .Pp |
.Pp |
| Grammatic: |
Spacing: |
| .Bl -tag -width 12n -offset "XXXX" -compact |
.Bl -column "Input" "Description" -offset indent -compact |
| .It \e(em |
.It Em Input Ta Em Description |
| .Pq em-dash |
.It Sq \e\ \& Ta unpaddable non-breaking space |
| .It \e(en |
.It \e\(ti Ta paddable non-breaking space |
| .Pq en-dash |
.It \e0 Ta unpaddable, breaking digit-width space |
| .It \e- |
.It \e| Ta one-sixth \e(em narrow space, zero width in nroff mode |
| .Pq hyphen |
.It \e^ Ta one-twelfth \e(em half-narrow space, zero width in nroff |
| .It \e\e |
.It \e& Ta zero-width space |
| .Pq back-slash |
.It \e% Ta zero-width space allowing hyphenation |
| .It \e' |
|
| .Pq apostrophe |
|
| .It \e` |
|
| .Pq back-tick |
|
| .It \e |
|
| .Pq space |
|
| .It \e. |
|
| .Pq period |
|
| .It \e(r! |
|
| .Pq upside-down exclamation |
|
| .It \e(r? |
|
| .Pq upside-down question |
|
| .El |
.El |
| .\" PARAGRAPH |
|
| .Pp |
.Pp |
| Enclosures: |
Lines: |
| .Bl -tag -width 12n -offset "XXXX" -compact |
.Bl -column "Input" "Rendered" "Description" -offset indent -compact |
| .It \e(lh |
.It Em Input Ta Em Rendered Ta Em Description |
| .Pq left hand |
.It \e(ba Ta \(ba Ta bar |
| .It \e(rh |
.It \e(br Ta \(br Ta box rule |
| .Pq right hand |
.It \e(ul Ta \(ul Ta underscore |
| .It \e(Fo |
.It \e(rn Ta \(rn Ta overline |
| .Pq left guillemet |
.It \e(bb Ta \(bb Ta broken bar |
| .It \e(Fc |
.It \e(sl Ta \(sl Ta forward slash |
| .Pq right guillemet |
.It \e(rs Ta \(rs Ta backward slash |
| .It \e(fo |
|
| .Pq left guilsing |
|
| .It \e(fc |
|
| .Pq right guilsing |
|
| .It \e(rC |
|
| .Pq right brace |
|
| .It \e(lC |
|
| .Pq left brace |
|
| .It \e(ra |
|
| .Pq right angle |
|
| .It \e(la |
|
| .Pq left angle |
|
| .It \e(rB |
|
| .Pq right bracket |
|
| .It \e(lB |
|
| .Pq left bracket |
|
| .It \eq |
|
| .Pq double-quote |
|
| .It \e(lq |
|
| .Pq left double-quote |
|
| .It \e(Lq |
|
| .Pq left double-quote, deprecated |
|
| .It \e(rq |
|
| .Pq right double-quote |
|
| .It \e(Rq |
|
| .Pq right double-quote, deprecated |
|
| .It \e(oq |
|
| .Pq left single-quote |
|
| .It \e(aq |
|
| .Pq right single-quote |
|
| .It \e(Bq |
|
| .Pq right low double-quote |
|
| .It \e(bq |
|
| .Pq right low single-quote |
|
| .El |
.El |
| .\" PARAGRAPH |
|
| .Pp |
.Pp |
| Indicatives: |
Text markers: |
| .Bl -tag -width 12n -offset "XXXX" -compact |
.Bl -column "Input" "Rendered" "Description" -offset indent -compact |
| .It \e(<- |
.It Em Input Ta Em Rendered Ta Em Description |
| .Pq left arrow |
.It \e(ci Ta \(ci Ta circle |
| .It \e(-> |
.It \e(bu Ta \(bu Ta bullet |
| .Pq right arrow |
.It \e(dd Ta \(dd Ta double dagger |
| .It \e(ua |
.It \e(dg Ta \(dg Ta dagger |
| .Pq up arrow |
.It \e(lz Ta \(lz Ta lozenge |
| .It \e(da |
.It \e(sq Ta \(sq Ta white square |
| .Pq down arrow |
.It \e(ps Ta \(ps Ta paragraph |
| .It \e(<> |
.It \e(sc Ta \(sc Ta section |
| .Pq left-right arrow |
.It \e(lh Ta \(lh Ta left hand |
| .It \e(lA |
.It \e(rh Ta \(rh Ta right hand |
| .Pq left double-arrow |
.It \e(at Ta \(at Ta at |
| .It \e(rA |
.It \e(sh Ta \(sh Ta hash (pound) |
| .Pq right double-arrow |
.It \e(CR Ta \(CR Ta carriage return |
| .It \e(uA |
.It \e(OK Ta \(OK Ta check mark |
| .Pq up double-arrow |
|
| .It \e(dA |
|
| .Pq down double-arrow |
|
| .It \e(hA |
|
| .Pq left-right double-arrow |
|
| .El |
.El |
| .\" PARAGRAPH |
|
| .Pp |
.Pp |
| |
Legal symbols: |
| |
.Bl -column "Input" "Rendered" "Description" -offset indent -compact |
| |
.It Em Input Ta Em Rendered Ta Em Description |
| |
.It \e(co Ta \(co Ta copyright |
| |
.It \e(rg Ta \(rg Ta registered |
| |
.It \e(tm Ta \(tm Ta trademarked |
| |
.El |
| |
.Pp |
| |
Punctuation: |
| |
.Bl -column "Input" "Rendered" "Description" -offset indent -compact |
| |
.It Em Input Ta Em Rendered Ta Em Description |
| |
.It \e(em Ta \(em Ta em-dash |
| |
.It \e(en Ta \(en Ta en-dash |
| |
.It \e(hy Ta \(hy Ta hyphen |
| |
.It \ee Ta \e Ta back-slash |
| |
.It \e. Ta \. Ta period |
| |
.It \e(r! Ta \(r! Ta upside-down exclamation |
| |
.It \e(r? Ta \(r? Ta upside-down question |
| |
.El |
| |
.Pp |
| |
Quotes: |
| |
.Bl -column "Input" "Rendered" "Description" -offset indent -compact |
| |
.It Em Input Ta Em Rendered Ta Em Description |
| |
.It \e(Bq Ta \(Bq Ta right low double-quote |
| |
.It \e(bq Ta \(bq Ta right low single-quote |
| |
.It \e(lq Ta \(lq Ta left double-quote |
| |
.It \e(rq Ta \(rq Ta right double-quote |
| |
.It \e(oq Ta \(oq Ta left single-quote |
| |
.It \e(cq Ta \(cq Ta right single-quote |
| |
.It \e(aq Ta \(aq Ta apostrophe quote (text) |
| |
.It \e(dq Ta \(dq Ta double quote (text) |
| |
.It \e(Fo Ta \(Fo Ta left guillemet |
| |
.It \e(Fc Ta \(Fc Ta right guillemet |
| |
.It \e(fo Ta \(fo Ta left single guillemet |
| |
.It \e(fc Ta \(fc Ta right single guillemet |
| |
.El |
| |
.Pp |
| |
Brackets: |
| |
.Bl -column "xxbracketrightbtx" Rendered Description -offset indent -compact |
| |
.It Em Input Ta Em Rendered Ta Em Description |
| |
.It \e(lB Ta \(lB Ta left bracket |
| |
.It \e(rB Ta \(rB Ta right bracket |
| |
.It \e(lC Ta \(lC Ta left brace |
| |
.It \e(rC Ta \(rC Ta right brace |
| |
.It \e(la Ta \(la Ta left angle |
| |
.It \e(ra Ta \(ra Ta right angle |
| |
.It \e(bv Ta \(bv Ta brace extension |
| |
.It \e[braceex] Ta \[braceex] Ta brace extension |
| |
.It \e[bracketlefttp] Ta \[bracketlefttp] Ta top-left hooked bracket |
| |
.It \e[bracketleftbt] Ta \[bracketleftbt] Ta bottom-left hooked bracket |
| |
.It \e[bracketleftex] Ta \[bracketleftex] Ta left hooked bracket extension |
| |
.It \e[bracketrighttp] Ta \[bracketrighttp] Ta top-right hooked bracket |
| |
.It \e[bracketrightbt] Ta \[bracketrightbt] Ta bottom-right hooked bracket |
| |
.It \e[bracketrightex] Ta \[bracketrightex] Ta right hooked bracket extension |
| |
.It \e(lt Ta \(lt Ta top-left hooked brace |
| |
.It \e[bracelefttp] Ta \[bracelefttp] Ta top-left hooked brace |
| |
.It \e(lk Ta \(lk Ta mid-left hooked brace |
| |
.It \e[braceleftmid] Ta \[braceleftmid] Ta mid-left hooked brace |
| |
.It \e(lb Ta \(lb Ta bottom-left hooked brace |
| |
.It \e[braceleftbt] Ta \[braceleftbt] Ta bottom-left hooked brace |
| |
.It \e[braceleftex] Ta \[braceleftex] Ta left hooked brace extension |
| |
.It \e(rt Ta \(rt Ta top-left hooked brace |
| |
.It \e[bracerighttp] Ta \[bracerighttp] Ta top-right hooked brace |
| |
.It \e(rk Ta \(rk Ta mid-right hooked brace |
| |
.It \e[bracerightmid] Ta \[bracerightmid] Ta mid-right hooked brace |
| |
.It \e(rb Ta \(rb Ta bottom-right hooked brace |
| |
.It \e[bracerightbt] Ta \[bracerightbt] Ta bottom-right hooked brace |
| |
.It \e[bracerightex] Ta \[bracerightex] Ta right hooked brace extension |
| |
.It \e[parenlefttp] Ta \[parenlefttp] Ta top-left hooked parenthesis |
| |
.It \e[parenleftbt] Ta \[parenleftbt] Ta bottom-left hooked parenthesis |
| |
.It \e[parenleftex] Ta \[parenleftex] Ta left hooked parenthesis extension |
| |
.It \e[parenrighttp] Ta \[parenrighttp] Ta top-right hooked parenthesis |
| |
.It \e[parenrightbt] Ta \[parenrightbt] Ta bottom-right hooked parenthesis |
| |
.It \e[parenrightex] Ta \[parenrightex] Ta right hooked parenthesis extension |
| |
.El |
| |
.Pp |
| |
Arrows: |
| |
.Bl -column "Input" "Rendered" "Description" -offset indent -compact |
| |
.It Em Input Ta Em Rendered Ta Em Description |
| |
.It \e(<- Ta \(<- Ta left arrow |
| |
.It \e(-> Ta \(-> Ta right arrow |
| |
.It \e(<> Ta \(<> Ta left-right arrow |
| |
.It \e(da Ta \(da Ta down arrow |
| |
.It \e(ua Ta \(ua Ta up arrow |
| |
.It \e(va Ta \(va Ta up-down arrow |
| |
.It \e(lA Ta \(lA Ta left double-arrow |
| |
.It \e(rA Ta \(rA Ta right double-arrow |
| |
.It \e(hA Ta \(hA Ta left-right double-arrow |
| |
.It \e(uA Ta \(uA Ta up double-arrow |
| |
.It \e(dA Ta \(dA Ta down double-arrow |
| |
.It \e(vA Ta \(vA Ta up-down double-arrow |
| |
.El |
| |
.Pp |
| |
Logical: |
| |
.Bl -column "Input" "Rendered" "Description" -offset indent -compact |
| |
.It Em Input Ta Em Rendered Ta Em Description |
| |
.It \e(AN Ta \(AN Ta logical and |
| |
.It \e(OR Ta \(OR Ta logical or |
| |
.It \e(no Ta \(no Ta logical not |
| |
.It \e[tno] Ta \[tno] Ta logical not (text) |
| |
.It \e(te Ta \(te Ta existential quantifier |
| |
.It \e(fa Ta \(fa Ta universal quantifier |
| |
.It \e(st Ta \(st Ta such that |
| |
.It \e(tf Ta \(tf Ta therefore |
| |
.It \e(3d Ta \(3d Ta therefore |
| |
.It \e(or Ta \(or Ta bitwise or |
| |
.El |
| |
.Pp |
| Mathematical: |
Mathematical: |
| .Bl -tag -width 12n -offset "XXXX" -compact |
.Bl -column "xxcoproductxx" "Rendered" "Description" -offset indent -compact |
| .It \e(es |
.It Em Input Ta Em Rendered Ta Em Description |
| .Pq empty set |
.It \e(pl Ta \(pl Ta plus |
| .It \e(ca |
.It \e(mi Ta \(mi Ta minus |
| .Pq intersection |
.It \e- Ta \- Ta minus (text) |
| .It \e(cu |
.It \e(-+ Ta \(-+ Ta minus-plus |
| .Pq union |
.It \e(+- Ta \(+- Ta plus-minus |
| .It \e(gr |
.It \e[t+-] Ta \[t+-] Ta plus-minus (text) |
| .Pq gradient |
.It \e(pc Ta \(pc Ta center-dot |
| .It \e(pd |
.It \e(mu Ta \(mu Ta multiply |
| .Pq partial differential |
.It \e[tmu] Ta \[tmu] Ta multiply (text) |
| .It \e(ap |
.It \e(c* Ta \(c* Ta circle-multiply |
| .Pq similarity |
.It \e(c+ Ta \(c+ Ta circle-plus |
| .It \e(=) |
.It \e(di Ta \(di Ta divide |
| .Pq proper superset |
.It \e[tdi] Ta \[tdi] Ta divide (text) |
| .It \e((= |
.It \e(f/ Ta \(f/ Ta fraction |
| .Pq proper subset |
.It \e(** Ta \(** Ta asterisk |
| .It \e(eq |
.It \e(<= Ta \(<= Ta less-than-equal |
| .Pq equals |
.It \e(>= Ta \(>= Ta greater-than-equal |
| .It \e(di |
.It \e(<< Ta \(<< Ta much less |
| .Pq division |
.It \e(>> Ta \(>> Ta much greater |
| .It \e(mu |
.It \e(eq Ta \(eq Ta equal |
| .Pq multiplication |
.It \e(!= Ta \(!= Ta not equal |
| .It \e(pl |
.It \e(== Ta \(== Ta equivalent |
| .Pq addition |
.It \e(ne Ta \(ne Ta not equivalent |
| .It \e(nm |
.It \e(ap Ta \(ap Ta tilde operator |
| .Pq not element |
.It \e(|= Ta \(|= Ta asymptotically equal |
| .It \e(mo |
.It \e(=\(ti Ta \(=~ Ta approximately equal |
| .Pq element |
.It \e(\(ti\(ti Ta \(~~ Ta almost equal |
| .It \e(Im |
.It \e(\(ti= Ta \(~= Ta almost equal |
| .Pq imaginary |
.It \e(pt Ta \(pt Ta proportionate |
| .It \e(Re |
.It \e(es Ta \(es Ta empty set |
| .Pq real |
.It \e(mo Ta \(mo Ta element |
| .It \e(Ah |
.It \e(nm Ta \(nm Ta not element |
| .Pq aleph |
.It \e(sb Ta \(sb Ta proper subset |
| .It \e(te |
.It \e(nb Ta \(nb Ta not subset |
| .Pq existential quantifier |
.It \e(sp Ta \(sp Ta proper superset |
| .It \e(fa |
.It \e(nc Ta \(nc Ta not superset |
| .Pq universal quantifier |
.It \e(ib Ta \(ib Ta reflexive subset |
| .It \e(AN |
.It \e(ip Ta \(ip Ta reflexive superset |
| .Pq logical AND |
.It \e(ca Ta \(ca Ta intersection |
| .It \e(OR |
.It \e(cu Ta \(cu Ta union |
| .Pq logical OR |
.It \e(/_ Ta \(/_ Ta angle |
| .It \e(no |
.It \e(pp Ta \(pp Ta perpendicular |
| .Pq logical NOT |
.It \e(is Ta \(is Ta integral |
| .It \e(st |
.It \e[integral] Ta \[integral] Ta integral |
| .Pq such that |
.It \e[sum] Ta \[sum] Ta summation |
| .It \e(tf |
.It \e[product] Ta \[product] Ta product |
| .Pq therefore |
.It \e[coproduct] Ta \[coproduct] Ta coproduct |
| .It \e(~~ |
.It \e(gr Ta \(gr Ta gradient |
| .Pq approximate |
.It \e(sr Ta \(sr Ta square root |
| .It \e(~= |
.It \e[sqrt] Ta \[sqrt] Ta square root |
| .Pq approximately equals |
.It \e(lc Ta \(lc Ta left-ceiling |
| .It \e(=~ |
.It \e(rc Ta \(rc Ta right-ceiling |
| .Pq congruent |
.It \e(lf Ta \(lf Ta left-floor |
| .It \e(Gt |
.It \e(rf Ta \(rf Ta right-floor |
| .Pq greater-than, deprecated |
.It \e(if Ta \(if Ta infinity |
| .It \e(Lt |
.It \e(Ah Ta \(Ah Ta aleph |
| .Pq less-than, deprecated |
.It \e(Im Ta \(Im Ta imaginary |
| .It \e(<= |
.It \e(Re Ta \(Re Ta real |
| .Pq less-than-equal |
.It \e(pd Ta \(pd Ta partial differential |
| .It \e(Le |
.It \e(-h Ta \(-h Ta Planck constant over 2\(*p |
| .Pq less-than-equal, deprecated |
.It \e[12] Ta \[12] Ta one-half |
| .It \e(>= |
.It \e[14] Ta \[14] Ta one-fourth |
| .Pq greater-than-equal |
.It \e[34] Ta \[34] Ta three-fourths |
| .It \e(Ge |
|
| .Pq greater-than-equal |
|
| .It \e(== |
|
| .Pq equal |
|
| .It \e(!= |
|
| .Pq not equal |
|
| .It \e(Ne |
|
| .Pq not equal, deprecated |
|
| .It \e(if |
|
| .Pq infinity |
|
| .It \e(If |
|
| .Pq infinity, deprecated |
|
| .It \e(na |
|
| .Pq NaN , an extension |
|
| .It \e(Na |
|
| .Pq NaN, deprecated |
|
| .It \e(+- |
|
| .Pq plus-minus |
|
| .It \e(Pm |
|
| .Pq plus-minus, deprecated |
|
| .It \e(** |
|
| .Pq asterisk |
|
| .El |
.El |
| .\" PARAGRAPH |
|
| .Pp |
.Pp |
| Ligatures: |
Ligatures: |
| .Bl -tag -width 12n -offset "XXXX" -compact |
.Bl -column "Input" "Rendered" "Description" -offset indent -compact |
| .It \e(ss |
.It Em Input Ta Em Rendered Ta Em Description |
| .Pq German eszett |
.It \e(ff Ta \(ff Ta ff ligature |
| .It \e(AE |
.It \e(fi Ta \(fi Ta fi ligature |
| .Pq upper-case AE |
.It \e(fl Ta \(fl Ta fl ligature |
| .It \e(ae |
.It \e(Fi Ta \(Fi Ta ffi ligature |
| .Pq lower-case AE |
.It \e(Fl Ta \(Fl Ta ffl ligature |
| .It \e(OE |
.It \e(AE Ta \(AE Ta AE |
| .Pq upper-case OE |
.It \e(ae Ta \(ae Ta ae |
| .It \e(oe |
.It \e(OE Ta \(OE Ta OE |
| .Pq lower-case OE |
.It \e(oe Ta \(oe Ta oe |
| .It \e(ff |
.It \e(ss Ta \(ss Ta German eszett |
| .Pq ff ligature |
.It \e(IJ Ta \(IJ Ta IJ ligature |
| .It \e(fi |
.It \e(ij Ta \(ij Ta ij ligature |
| .Pq fi ligature |
|
| .It \e(fl |
|
| .Pq fl ligature |
|
| .It \e(Fi |
|
| .Pq ffi ligature |
|
| .It \e(Fl |
|
| .Pq ffl ligature |
|
| .El |
.El |
| .\" PARAGRAPH |
|
| .Pp |
.Pp |
| Diacritics and letters: |
Accents: |
| .Bl -tag -width 12n -offset "XXXX" -compact |
.Bl -column "Input" "Rendered" "Description" -offset indent -compact |
| .It \e(ga |
.It Em Input Ta Em Rendered Ta Em Description |
| .Pq grave accent |
.It \e(a" Ta \(a" Ta Hungarian umlaut |
| .It \e(aa |
.It \e(a- Ta \(a- Ta macron |
| .Pq accute accent |
.It \e(a. Ta \(a. Ta dotted |
| .It \e(a" |
.It \e(a^ Ta \(a^ Ta circumflex |
| .Pq umlaut accent |
.It \e(aa Ta \(aa Ta acute |
| .It \e(ad |
.It \e\(aq Ta \' Ta acute |
| .Pq dieresis accent |
.It \e(ga Ta \(ga Ta grave |
| .It \e(a~ |
.It \e\(ga Ta \` Ta grave |
| .Pq tilde accent |
.It \e(ab Ta \(ab Ta breve |
| .It \e(a^ |
.It \e(ac Ta \(ac Ta cedilla |
| .Pq circumflex accent |
.It \e(ad Ta \(ad Ta dieresis |
| .It \e(ac |
.It \e(ah Ta \(ah Ta caron |
| .Pq cedilla accent |
.It \e(ao Ta \(ao Ta ring |
| .It \e(ad |
.It \e(a\(ti Ta \(a~ Ta tilde |
| .Pq dieresis accent |
.It \e(ho Ta \(ho Ta ogonek |
| .It \e(ah |
.It \e(ha Ta \(ha Ta hat (text) |
| .Pq caron accent |
.It \e(ti Ta \(ti Ta tilde (text) |
| .It \e(ao |
|
| .Pq ring accent |
|
| .It \e(ho |
|
| .Pq hook accent |
|
| .It \e(ab |
|
| .Pq breve accent |
|
| .It \e(a- |
|
| .Pq macron accent |
|
| .It \e(-D |
|
| .Pq upper-case eth |
|
| .It \e(Sd |
|
| .Pq lower-case eth |
|
| .It \e(TP |
|
| .Pq upper-case thorn |
|
| .It \e(Tp |
|
| .Pq lower-case thorn |
|
| .It \e('A |
|
| .Pq upper-case acute A |
|
| .It \e('E |
|
| .Pq upper-case acute E |
|
| .It \e('I |
|
| .Pq upper-case acute I |
|
| .It \e('O |
|
| .Pq upper-case acute O |
|
| .It \e('U |
|
| .Pq upper-case acute U |
|
| .It \e('a |
|
| .Pq lower-case acute a |
|
| .It \e('e |
|
| .Pq lower-case acute e |
|
| .It \e('i |
|
| .Pq lower-case acute i |
|
| .It \e('o |
|
| .Pq lower-case acute o |
|
| .It \e('u |
|
| .Pq lower-case acute u |
|
| .It \e(`A |
|
| .Pq upper-case grave A |
|
| .It \e(`E |
|
| .Pq upper-case grave E |
|
| .It \e(`I |
|
| .Pq upper-case grave I |
|
| .It \e(`O |
|
| .Pq upper-case grave O |
|
| .It \e(`U |
|
| .Pq upper-case grave U |
|
| .It \e(`a |
|
| .Pq lower-case grave a |
|
| .It \e(`e |
|
| .Pq lower-case grave e |
|
| .It \e(`i |
|
| .Pq lower-case grave i |
|
| .It \e(`o |
|
| .Pq lower-case grave o |
|
| .It \e(`u |
|
| .Pq lower-case grave u |
|
| .It \e(~A |
|
| .Pq upper-case tilde A |
|
| .It \e(~N |
|
| .Pq upper-case tilde N |
|
| .It \e(~O |
|
| .Pq upper-case tilde O |
|
| .It \e(~a |
|
| .Pq lower-case tilde a |
|
| .It \e(~n |
|
| .Pq lower-case tilde n |
|
| .It \e(~o |
|
| .Pq lower-case tilde o |
|
| .It \e(:A |
|
| .Pq upper-case dieresis A |
|
| .It \e(:E |
|
| .Pq upper-case dieresis E |
|
| .It \e(:I |
|
| .Pq upper-case dieresis I |
|
| .It \e(:O |
|
| .Pq upper-case dieresis O |
|
| .It \e(:U |
|
| .Pq upper-case dieresis U |
|
| .It \e(:a |
|
| .Pq lower-case dieresis a |
|
| .It \e(:e |
|
| .Pq lower-case dieresis e |
|
| .It \e(:i |
|
| .Pq lower-case dieresis i |
|
| .It \e(:o |
|
| .Pq lower-case dieresis o |
|
| .It \e(:u |
|
| .Pq lower-case dieresis u |
|
| .It \e(:y |
|
| .Pq lower-case dieresis y |
|
| .It \e(^A |
|
| .Pq upper-case circumflex A |
|
| .It \e(^E |
|
| .Pq upper-case circumflex E |
|
| .It \e(^I |
|
| .Pq upper-case circumflex I |
|
| .It \e(^O |
|
| .Pq upper-case circumflex O |
|
| .It \e(^U |
|
| .Pq upper-case circumflex U |
|
| .It \e(^a |
|
| .Pq lower-case circumflex a |
|
| .It \e(^e |
|
| .Pq lower-case circumflex e |
|
| .It \e(^i |
|
| .Pq lower-case circumflex i |
|
| .It \e(^o |
|
| .Pq lower-case circumflex o |
|
| .It \e(^u |
|
| .Pq lower-case circumflex u |
|
| .It \e(,C |
|
| .Pq upper-case cedilla C |
|
| .It \e(,c |
|
| .Pq lower-case cedilla c |
|
| .It \e(/L |
|
| .Pq upper-case stroke L |
|
| .It \e(/l |
|
| .Pq lower-case stroke l |
|
| .It \e(/O |
|
| .Pq upper-case stroke O |
|
| .It \e(/o |
|
| .Pq lower-case stroke o |
|
| .It \e(oA |
|
| .Pq upper-case ring A |
|
| .It \e(oa |
|
| .Pq lower-case ring a |
|
| .El |
.El |
| .\" PARAGRAPH |
|
| .Pp |
.Pp |
| Monetary: |
Accented letters: |
| .Bl -tag -width 12n -offset "XXXX" -compact |
.Bl -column "Input" "Rendered" "Description" -offset indent -compact |
| .It \e(Cs |
.It Em Input Ta Em Rendered Ta Em Description |
| .Pq Scandinavian |
.It \e(\(aqA Ta \('A Ta acute A |
| .It \e(Do |
.It \e(\(aqE Ta \('E Ta acute E |
| .Pq dollar |
.It \e(\(aqI Ta \('I Ta acute I |
| .It \e(Po |
.It \e(\(aqO Ta \('O Ta acute O |
| .Pq pound |
.It \e(\(aqU Ta \('U Ta acute U |
| .It \e(Ye |
.It \e(\(aqa Ta \('a Ta acute a |
| .Pq yen |
.It \e(\(aqe Ta \('e Ta acute e |
| .It \e(Fn |
.It \e(\(aqi Ta \('i Ta acute i |
| .Pq florin |
.It \e(\(aqo Ta \('o Ta acute o |
| .It \e(ct |
.It \e(\(aqu Ta \('u Ta acute u |
| .Pq cent |
.It \e(\(gaA Ta \(`A Ta grave A |
| |
.It \e(\(gaE Ta \(`E Ta grave E |
| |
.It \e(\(gaI Ta \(`I Ta grave I |
| |
.It \e(\(gaO Ta \(`O Ta grave O |
| |
.It \e(\(gaU Ta \(`U Ta grave U |
| |
.It \e(\(gaa Ta \(`a Ta grave a |
| |
.It \e(\(gae Ta \(`e Ta grave e |
| |
.It \e(\(gai Ta \(`i Ta grave i |
| |
.It \e(\(gao Ta \(`i Ta grave o |
| |
.It \e(\(gau Ta \(`u Ta grave u |
| |
.It \e(\(tiA Ta \(~A Ta tilde A |
| |
.It \e(\(tiN Ta \(~N Ta tilde N |
| |
.It \e(\(tiO Ta \(~O Ta tilde O |
| |
.It \e(\(tia Ta \(~a Ta tilde a |
| |
.It \e(\(tin Ta \(~n Ta tilde n |
| |
.It \e(\(tio Ta \(~o Ta tilde o |
| |
.It \e(:A Ta \(:A Ta dieresis A |
| |
.It \e(:E Ta \(:E Ta dieresis E |
| |
.It \e(:I Ta \(:I Ta dieresis I |
| |
.It \e(:O Ta \(:O Ta dieresis O |
| |
.It \e(:U Ta \(:U Ta dieresis U |
| |
.It \e(:a Ta \(:a Ta dieresis a |
| |
.It \e(:e Ta \(:e Ta dieresis e |
| |
.It \e(:i Ta \(:i Ta dieresis i |
| |
.It \e(:o Ta \(:o Ta dieresis o |
| |
.It \e(:u Ta \(:u Ta dieresis u |
| |
.It \e(:y Ta \(:y Ta dieresis y |
| |
.It \e(^A Ta \(^A Ta circumflex A |
| |
.It \e(^E Ta \(^E Ta circumflex E |
| |
.It \e(^I Ta \(^I Ta circumflex I |
| |
.It \e(^O Ta \(^O Ta circumflex O |
| |
.It \e(^U Ta \(^U Ta circumflex U |
| |
.It \e(^a Ta \(^a Ta circumflex a |
| |
.It \e(^e Ta \(^e Ta circumflex e |
| |
.It \e(^i Ta \(^i Ta circumflex i |
| |
.It \e(^o Ta \(^o Ta circumflex o |
| |
.It \e(^u Ta \(^u Ta circumflex u |
| |
.It \e(,C Ta \(,C Ta cedilla C |
| |
.It \e(,c Ta \(,c Ta cedilla c |
| |
.It \e(/L Ta \(/L Ta stroke L |
| |
.It \e(/l Ta \(/l Ta stroke l |
| |
.It \e(/O Ta \(/O Ta stroke O |
| |
.It \e(/o Ta \(/o Ta stroke o |
| |
.It \e(oA Ta \(oA Ta ring A |
| |
.It \e(oa Ta \(oa Ta ring a |
| .El |
.El |
| .\" PARAGRAPH |
|
| .Pp |
.Pp |
| Special symbols: |
Special letters: |
| .Bl -tag -width 12n -offset "XXXX" -compact |
.Bl -column "Input" "Rendered" "Description" -offset indent -compact |
| .It \e0 |
.It Em Input Ta Em Rendered Ta Em Description |
| .Pq white-space |
.It \e(-D Ta \(-D Ta Eth |
| .It \e(de |
.It \e(Sd Ta \(Sd Ta eth |
| .Pq degree |
.It \e(TP Ta \(TP Ta Thorn |
| .It \e(ps |
.It \e(Tp Ta \(Tp Ta thorn |
| .Pq paragraph |
.It \e(.i Ta \(.i Ta dotless i |
| .It \e(sc |
.It \e(.j Ta \(.j Ta dotless j |
| .Pq section |
.El |
| .It \e(dg |
.Pp |
| .Pq dagger |
Currency: |
| .It \e(dd |
.Bl -column "Input" "Rendered" "Description" -offset indent -compact |
| .Pq double dagger |
.It Em Input Ta Em Rendered Ta Em Description |
| .It \e(ci |
.It \e(Do Ta \(Do Ta dollar |
| .Pq circle |
.It \e(ct Ta \(ct Ta cent |
| .It \e(ba |
.It \e(Eu Ta \(Eu Ta Euro symbol |
| .Pq bar |
.It \e(eu Ta \(eu Ta Euro symbol |
| .It \e(bb |
.It \e(Ye Ta \(Ye Ta yen |
| .Pq broken bar |
.It \e(Po Ta \(Po Ta pound |
| .It \e(Ba |
.It \e(Cs Ta \(Cs Ta Scandinavian |
| .Pq bar, deprecated |
.It \e(Fn Ta \(Fn Ta florin |
| .It \e(co |
.El |
| .Pq copyright |
.Pp |
| .It \e(rg |
Units: |
| .Pq registered |
.Bl -column "Input" "Rendered" "Description" -offset indent -compact |
| .It \e(tm |
.It Em Input Ta Em Rendered Ta Em Description |
| .Pq trademarked |
.It \e(de Ta \(de Ta degree |
| .It \e& |
.It \e(%0 Ta \(%0 Ta per-thousand |
| .Pq non-breaking space |
.It \e(fm Ta \(fm Ta minute |
| .It \ee |
.It \e(sd Ta \(sd Ta second |
| .Pq escape |
.It \e(mc Ta \(mc Ta micro |
| .It \e(Am |
.El |
| .Pq ampersand, deprecated |
.Pp |
| .El |
Greek letters: |
| .\" SECTION |
.Bl -column "Input" "Rendered" "Description" -offset indent -compact |
| |
.It Em Input Ta Em Rendered Ta Em Description |
| |
.It \e(*A Ta \(*A Ta Alpha |
| |
.It \e(*B Ta \(*B Ta Beta |
| |
.It \e(*G Ta \(*G Ta Gamma |
| |
.It \e(*D Ta \(*D Ta Delta |
| |
.It \e(*E Ta \(*E Ta Epsilon |
| |
.It \e(*Z Ta \(*Z Ta Zeta |
| |
.It \e(*Y Ta \(*Y Ta Eta |
| |
.It \e(*H Ta \(*H Ta Theta |
| |
.It \e(*I Ta \(*I Ta Iota |
| |
.It \e(*K Ta \(*K Ta Kappa |
| |
.It \e(*L Ta \(*L Ta Lambda |
| |
.It \e(*M Ta \(*M Ta Mu |
| |
.It \e(*N Ta \(*N Ta Nu |
| |
.It \e(*C Ta \(*C Ta Xi |
| |
.It \e(*O Ta \(*O Ta Omicron |
| |
.It \e(*P Ta \(*P Ta Pi |
| |
.It \e(*R Ta \(*R Ta Rho |
| |
.It \e(*S Ta \(*S Ta Sigma |
| |
.It \e(*T Ta \(*T Ta Tau |
| |
.It \e(*U Ta \(*U Ta Upsilon |
| |
.It \e(*F Ta \(*F Ta Phi |
| |
.It \e(*X Ta \(*X Ta Chi |
| |
.It \e(*Q Ta \(*Q Ta Psi |
| |
.It \e(*W Ta \(*W Ta Omega |
| |
.It \e(*a Ta \(*a Ta alpha |
| |
.It \e(*b Ta \(*b Ta beta |
| |
.It \e(*g Ta \(*g Ta gamma |
| |
.It \e(*d Ta \(*d Ta delta |
| |
.It \e(*e Ta \(*e Ta epsilon |
| |
.It \e(*z Ta \(*z Ta zeta |
| |
.It \e(*y Ta \(*y Ta eta |
| |
.It \e(*h Ta \(*h Ta theta |
| |
.It \e(*i Ta \(*i Ta iota |
| |
.It \e(*k Ta \(*k Ta kappa |
| |
.It \e(*l Ta \(*l Ta lambda |
| |
.It \e(*m Ta \(*m Ta mu |
| |
.It \e(*n Ta \(*n Ta nu |
| |
.It \e(*c Ta \(*c Ta xi |
| |
.It \e(*o Ta \(*o Ta omicron |
| |
.It \e(*p Ta \(*p Ta pi |
| |
.It \e(*r Ta \(*r Ta rho |
| |
.It \e(*s Ta \(*s Ta sigma |
| |
.It \e(*t Ta \(*t Ta tau |
| |
.It \e(*u Ta \(*u Ta upsilon |
| |
.It \e(*f Ta \(*f Ta phi |
| |
.It \e(*x Ta \(*x Ta chi |
| |
.It \e(*q Ta \(*q Ta psi |
| |
.It \e(*w Ta \(*w Ta omega |
| |
.It \e(+h Ta \(+h Ta theta variant |
| |
.It \e(+f Ta \(+f Ta phi variant |
| |
.It \e(+p Ta \(+p Ta pi variant |
| |
.It \e(+e Ta \(+e Ta epsilon variant |
| |
.It \e(ts Ta \(ts Ta sigma terminal |
| |
.El |
| |
.Sh PREDEFINED STRINGS |
| |
Predefined strings are inherited from the macro packages of historical |
| |
troff implementations. |
| |
They are |
| |
.Em not recommended |
| |
for use, as they differ across implementations. |
| |
Manuals using these predefined strings are almost certainly not |
| |
portable. |
| |
.Pp |
| |
Their syntax is similar to special characters, using |
| |
.Sq \e*X |
| |
.Pq for a one-character escape , |
| |
.Sq \e*(XX |
| |
.Pq two-character , |
| |
and |
| |
.Sq \e*[N] |
| |
.Pq N-character . |
| |
For details, see the |
| |
.Em Predefined Strings |
| |
subsection of the |
| |
.Xr roff 7 |
| |
manual. |
| |
.Bl -column "Input" "Rendered" "Description" -offset indent |
| |
.It Em Input Ta Em Rendered Ta Em Description |
| |
.It \e*(Ba Ta \*(Ba Ta vertical bar |
| |
.It \e*(Ne Ta \*(Ne Ta not equal |
| |
.It \e*(Ge Ta \*(Ge Ta greater-than-equal |
| |
.It \e*(Le Ta \*(Le Ta less-than-equal |
| |
.It \e*(Gt Ta \*(Gt Ta greater-than |
| |
.It \e*(Lt Ta \*(Lt Ta less-than |
| |
.It \e*(Pm Ta \*(Pm Ta plus-minus |
| |
.It \e*(If Ta \*(If Ta infinity |
| |
.It \e*(Pi Ta \*(Pi Ta pi |
| |
.It \e*(Na Ta \*(Na Ta NaN |
| |
.It \e*(Am Ta \*(Am Ta ampersand |
| |
.It \e*R Ta \*R Ta restricted mark |
| |
.It \e*(Tm Ta \*(Tm Ta trade mark |
| |
.It \e*q Ta \*q Ta double-quote |
| |
.It \e*(Rq Ta \*(Rq Ta right-double-quote |
| |
.It \e*(Lq Ta \*(Lq Ta left-double-quote |
| |
.It \e*(lp Ta \*(lp Ta right-parenthesis |
| |
.It \e*(rp Ta \*(rp Ta left-parenthesis |
| |
.It \e*(lq Ta \*(lq Ta left double-quote |
| |
.It \e*(rq Ta \*(rq Ta right double-quote |
| |
.It \e*(ua Ta \*(ua Ta up arrow |
| |
.It \e*(va Ta \*(va Ta up-down arrow |
| |
.It \e*(<= Ta \*(<= Ta less-than-equal |
| |
.It \e*(>= Ta \*(>= Ta greater-than-equal |
| |
.It \e*(aa Ta \*(aa Ta acute |
| |
.It \e*(ga Ta \*(ga Ta grave |
| |
.It \e*(Px Ta \*(Px Ta POSIX standard name |
| |
.It \e*(Ai Ta \*(Ai Ta ANSI standard name |
| |
.El |
| |
.Sh UNICODE CHARACTERS |
| |
The escape sequences |
| |
.Pp |
| |
.Dl \e[uXXXX] and \eC\(aquXXXX\(aq |
| |
.Pp |
| |
are interpreted as Unicode codepoints. |
| |
The codepoint must be in the range above U+0080 and less than U+10FFFF. |
| |
For compatibility, the hexadecimal digits |
| |
.Sq A |
| |
to |
| |
.Sq F |
| |
must be given as uppercase characters, |
| |
and points must be zero-padded to four characters; if |
| |
greater than four characters, no zero padding is allowed. |
| |
Unicode surrogates are not allowed. |
| |
.Sh NUMBERED CHARACTERS |
| |
For backward compatibility with existing manuals, |
| |
.Xr mandoc 1 |
| |
also supports the |
| |
.Pp |
| |
.Dl \eN\(aq Ns Ar number Ns \(aq |
| |
.Pp |
| |
escape sequence, inserting the character |
| |
.Ar number |
| |
from the current character set into the output. |
| |
Of course, this is inherently non-portable and is already marked |
| |
as deprecated in the Heirloom roff manual. |
| |
For example, do not use \eN\(aq34\(aq, use \e(dq, or even the plain |
| |
.Sq \(dq |
| |
character where possible. |
| .Sh COMPATIBILITY |
.Sh COMPATIBILITY |
| This section documents compatibility of |
This section documents compatibility between mandoc and other |
| .Nm |
troff implementations, at this time limited to GNU troff |
| with older or existing versions of |
.Pq Qq groff . |
| .Xr groff 1 : |
|
| .Pp |
.Pp |
| .Bl -tag -width 12n -offset "XXXX" -compact |
.Bl -dash -compact |
| .It \e(ss |
.It |
| Renders differently in |
The \eN\(aq\(aq escape sequence is limited to printable characters; in |
| .Fl T Ns Ar ascii |
groff, it accepts arbitrary character numbers. |
| mode. |
.It |
| |
In |
| |
.Fl T Ns Cm ascii , |
| |
the |
| |
\e(ss, \e(nm, \e(nb, \e(nc, \e(ib, \e(ip, \e(pp, \e[sum], \e[product], |
| |
\e[coproduct], \e(gr, \e(-h, and \e(a. special characters render |
| |
differently between mandoc and groff. |
| |
.It |
| |
In |
| |
.Fl T Ns Cm html |
| |
and |
| |
.Fl T Ns Cm xhtml , |
| |
the \e(\(ti=, \e(nb, and \e(nc special characters render differently |
| |
between mandoc and groff. |
| |
.It |
| |
The |
| |
.Fl T Ns Cm ps |
| |
and |
| |
.Fl T Ns Cm pdf |
| |
modes format like |
| |
.Fl T Ns Cm ascii |
| |
instead of rendering glyphs as in groff. |
| |
.It |
| |
The \e[radicalex], \e[sqrtex], and \e(ru special characters have been omitted |
| |
from mandoc either because they are poorly documented or they have no |
| |
known representation. |
| .El |
.El |
| .\" SECTION |
|
| .Sh SEE ALSO |
.Sh SEE ALSO |
| .Xr mandoc 1 |
.Xr mandoc 1 , |
| .\" SECTION |
.Xr man 7 , |
| |
.Xr mdoc 7 , |
| |
.Xr roff 7 |
| .Sh AUTHORS |
.Sh AUTHORS |
| The |
The |
| .Nm |
.Nm |
| utility was written by |
manual page was written by |
| .An Kristaps Dzonsons Aq kristaps@openbsd.org . |
.An Kristaps Dzonsons Aq Mt kristaps@bsd.lv . |
| |
.Sh CAVEATS |
| |
The predefined string |
| |
.Sq \e*(Ba |
| |
mimics the behaviour of the |
| |
.Sq \&| |
| |
character in |
| |
.Xr mdoc 7 ; |
| |
thus, if you wish to render a vertical bar with no side effects, use |
| |
the |
| |
.Sq \e(ba |
| |
escape. |
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