version 1.114, 2010/06/03 14:29:52 |
version 1.136, 2010/07/19 09:19:22 |
|
|
.\" $Id$ |
.\" $Id$ |
.\" |
.\" |
.\" Copyright (c) 2009 Kristaps Dzonsons <kristaps@bsd.lv> |
.\" Copyright (c) 2009, 2010 Kristaps Dzonsons <kristaps@bsd.lv> |
|
.\" Copyright (c) 2010 Ingo Schwarze <schwarze@openbsd.org> |
.\" |
.\" |
.\" Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any |
.\" Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any |
.\" purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above |
.\" purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above |
Line 33 section describes compatibility with other troff \-mdo |
|
Line 34 section describes compatibility with other troff \-mdo |
|
.Pp |
.Pp |
An |
An |
.Nm |
.Nm |
document follows simple rules: lines beginning with the control |
document follows simple rules: lines beginning with the control |
character |
character |
.Sq \. |
.Sq \. |
are parsed for macros. Other lines are interpreted within the scope of |
are parsed for macros. Other lines are interpreted within the scope of |
Line 51 manuals must have |
|
Line 52 manuals must have |
|
line terminators. |
line terminators. |
.Ss Comments |
.Ss Comments |
Text following a |
Text following a |
.Sq \e" , |
.Sq \e\*q , |
whether in a macro or free-form text line, is ignored to the end of |
whether in a macro or free-form text line, is ignored to the end of |
line. A macro line with only a control character and comment escape, |
line. A macro line with only a control character and comment escape, |
.Sq \&.\e" , |
.Sq \&.\e\*q , |
is also ignored. Macro lines with only a control charater and optionally |
is also ignored. Macro lines with only a control character and optionally |
whitespace are stripped from input. |
whitespace are stripped from input. |
.Ss Reserved Characters |
.Ss Reserved Characters |
Within a macro line, the following characters are reserved: |
Within a macro line, the following characters are reserved: |
Line 122 escape followed by an indicator: B (bold), I, (italic) |
|
Line 123 escape followed by an indicator: B (bold), I, (italic) |
|
A numerical representation 3, 2, or 1 (bold, italic, and Roman, |
A numerical representation 3, 2, or 1 (bold, italic, and Roman, |
respectively) may be used instead. |
respectively) may be used instead. |
A text decoration is valid within |
A text decoration is valid within |
the current font scope only: if a macro opens a font scope alongside |
the current font scope only: if a macro opens a font scope alongside |
its own scope, such as |
its own scope, such as |
.Sx \&Bf |
.Sx \&Bf |
.Cm \&Sy , |
.Cm \&Sy , |
|
|
is specified outside of any font scope, such as in unenclosed, free-form |
is specified outside of any font scope, such as in unenclosed, free-form |
text, it will affect the remainder of the document. |
text, it will affect the remainder of the document. |
.Pp |
.Pp |
Text may also be sized with the |
Note this form is |
.Sq \es |
|
escape, whose syntax is one of |
|
.Sq \es+-n |
|
for one-digit numerals; |
|
.Sq \es(+-nn |
|
or |
|
.Sq \es+-(nn |
|
for two-digit numerals; and |
|
.Sq \es[+-N] , |
|
.Sq \es+-[N] , |
|
.Sq \es'+-N' , |
|
or |
|
.Sq \es+-'N' |
|
for arbitrary-digit numerals: |
|
.Pp |
|
.D1 \es+1bigger\es-1 |
|
.D1 \es[+10]much bigger\es[-10] |
|
.D1 \es+(10much bigger\es-(10 |
|
.D1 \es+'100'much much bigger\es-'100' |
|
.Pp |
|
Note these forms are |
|
.Em not |
.Em not |
recommended for |
recommended for |
.Nm , |
.Nm , |
Line 167 also defined a set of package-specific |
|
Line 147 also defined a set of package-specific |
|
.Dq predefined strings , |
.Dq predefined strings , |
which, like |
which, like |
.Sx Special Characters , |
.Sx Special Characters , |
demark special output characters and strings by way of input codes. |
mark special output characters and strings by way of input codes. |
Predefined strings are escaped with the slash-asterisk, |
Predefined strings are escaped with the slash-asterisk, |
.Sq \e* : |
.Sq \e* : |
single-character |
single-character |
Line 333 must be the NAME section, consisting of at least one |
|
Line 313 must be the NAME section, consisting of at least one |
|
followed by |
followed by |
.Sx \&Nd . |
.Sx \&Nd . |
.Pp |
.Pp |
Following that, convention dictates specifying at least the SYNOPSIS and |
Following that, convention dictates specifying at least the |
DESCRIPTION sections, although this varies between manual sections. |
.Em SYNOPSIS |
|
and |
|
.Em DESCRIPTION |
|
sections, although this varies between manual sections. |
.Pp |
.Pp |
The following is a well-formed skeleton |
The following is a well-formed skeleton |
.Nm |
.Nm |
Line 450 And for the third, configurations (section 4): |
|
Line 433 And for the third, configurations (section 4): |
|
Manuals not in these sections generally don't need a |
Manuals not in these sections generally don't need a |
.Em SYNOPSIS . |
.Em SYNOPSIS . |
.Pp |
.Pp |
See |
Some macros are displayed differently in the |
.Sx \&Op , |
.Em SYNOPSIS |
|
section, particularly |
|
.Sx \&Nm , |
.Sx \&Cd , |
.Sx \&Cd , |
|
.Sx \&Fd , |
.Sx \&Fn , |
.Sx \&Fn , |
.Sx \&Ft , |
.Sx \&Fo , |
|
.Sx \&In , |
|
.Sx \&Vt , |
and |
and |
.Sx \&Vt . |
.Sx \&Ft . |
|
All of these macros are output on their own line. If two such |
|
dissimilar macros are pair-wise invoked (except for |
|
.Sx \&Ft |
|
before |
|
.Sx \&Fo |
|
or |
|
.Sx \&Fn ) , |
|
they are separated by a vertical space, unless in the case of |
|
.Sx \&Fo , |
|
.Sx \&Fn , |
|
and |
|
.Sx \&Ft , |
|
which are always separated by vertical space. |
|
.Pp |
|
When text and macros following an |
|
.Sx \&Nm |
|
macro starting an input line span multiple output lines, |
|
all output lines but the first will be indented to align |
|
with the text immediately following the |
|
.Sx \&Nm |
|
macro, up to the next |
|
.Sx \&Nm , |
|
.Sx \&Sx , |
|
or |
|
.Sx \&Ss |
|
macro or the end of an enclosing block, whichever comes first. |
.It Em DESCRIPTION |
.It Em DESCRIPTION |
This expands upon the brief, one-line description in |
This expands upon the brief, one-line description in |
.Em NAME . |
.Em NAME . |
Line 651 has multiple heads. |
|
Line 665 has multiple heads. |
|
.It Em Macro Ta Em Callable Ta Em Parsable Ta Em Scope |
.It Em Macro Ta Em Callable Ta Em Parsable Ta Em Scope |
.It Sx \&It Ta \&No Ta Yes Ta closed by Sx \&It , Sx \&El |
.It Sx \&It Ta \&No Ta Yes Ta closed by Sx \&It , Sx \&El |
.It Sx \&Nd Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta closed by Sx \&Sh |
.It Sx \&Nd Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta closed by Sx \&Sh |
|
.It Sx \&Nm Ta \&No Ta Yes Ta closed by Sx \&Nm , Sx \&Sh , Sx \&Ss |
.It Sx \&Sh Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta closed by Sx \&Sh |
.It Sx \&Sh Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta closed by Sx \&Sh |
.It Sx \&Ss Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta closed by Sx \&Sh , Sx \&Ss |
.It Sx \&Ss Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta closed by Sx \&Sh , Sx \&Ss |
.El |
.El |
|
.Pp |
|
Note that the |
|
.Sx \&Nm |
|
macro is a |
|
.Sx Block full-implicit |
|
macro only when invoked as the first macro |
|
in a |
|
.Em SYNOPSIS |
|
section line, else it is |
|
.Sx In-line . |
.Ss Block partial-explicit |
.Ss Block partial-explicit |
Like block full-explicit, but also with single-line scope. |
Like block full-explicit, but also with single-line scope. |
Each has at least a body and, in limited circumstances, a head |
Each has at least a body and, in limited circumstances, a head |
|
|
.Sx \&Aq . |
.Sx \&Aq . |
.Ss \&Ap |
.Ss \&Ap |
Inserts an apostrophe without any surrounding white-space. |
Inserts an apostrophe without any surrounding white-space. |
This is generally used as a grammatic device when referring to the verb |
This is generally used as a grammatical device when referring to the verb |
form of a function: |
form of a function: |
.Bd -literal -offset indent |
.Bd -literal -offset indent |
\&.Fn execve Ap d |
\&.Fn execve Ap d |
|
|
block. Does not have any tail arguments. |
block. Does not have any tail arguments. |
.Ss \&Bd |
.Ss \&Bd |
Begins a display block. |
Begins a display block. |
|
Its syntax is as follows: |
|
.Bd -ragged -offset indent |
|
.Pf \. Sx \&Bd |
|
.Fl type |
|
.Op Fl offset Ar width |
|
.Op Fl compact |
|
.Ed |
|
.Pp |
A display is collection of macros or text which may be collectively |
A display is collection of macros or text which may be collectively |
offset or justified in a manner different from that |
offset or justified in a manner different from that |
of the enclosing context. |
of the enclosing context. |
Line 1042 Centre-justify each line. |
|
Line 1075 Centre-justify each line. |
|
The type must be provided first. |
The type must be provided first. |
Secondary arguments are as follows: |
Secondary arguments are as follows: |
.Bl -tag -width 12n -offset indent |
.Bl -tag -width 12n -offset indent |
.It Fl offset Ar width |
.It Fl offset Ar val |
Offset by the value of |
Offset by the value of |
.Ar width , |
.Ar val , |
which is interpreted as one of the following, specified in order: |
which is interpreted as one of the following, specified in order: |
.Bl -item |
.Bl -item |
.It |
.It |
Line 1055 the width of standard indentation; |
|
Line 1088 the width of standard indentation; |
|
twice |
twice |
.Ar indent ; |
.Ar indent ; |
.Ar left , |
.Ar left , |
which has no effect ; |
which has no effect; |
.Ar right , |
.Ar right , |
which justifies to the right margin; and |
which justifies to the right margin; and |
.Ar center , |
.Ar center , |
Line 1073 As a scaling unit following the syntax described in |
|
Line 1106 As a scaling unit following the syntax described in |
|
As the calculated string length of the opaque string. |
As the calculated string length of the opaque string. |
.El |
.El |
.Pp |
.Pp |
If unset, it will revert to the value of |
If not provided an argument, it will be ignored. |
.Ar 8n |
|
as described in |
|
.Sx Scaling Widths . |
|
.It Fl compact |
.It Fl compact |
Do not assert a vertical space before the block. |
Do not assert a vertical space before the block. |
.It Fl file Ar file |
|
Prepend the file |
|
.Ar file |
|
before any text or macros within the block. |
|
.El |
.El |
.Pp |
.Pp |
Examples: |
Examples: |
|
|
and |
and |
.Sx \&Dl . |
.Sx \&Dl . |
.Ss \&Bf |
.Ss \&Bf |
|
Change the font mode for a scoped block of text. |
|
Its syntax is as follows: |
|
.Bd -ragged -offset indent |
|
.Pf \. Sx \&Bf |
|
.Oo |
|
.Fl emphasis | literal | symbolic | |
|
.Cm \&Em | \&Li | \&Sy |
|
.Oc |
|
.Ed |
|
.Pp |
|
The |
|
.Fl emphasis |
|
and |
|
.Cm \&Em |
|
argument are equivalent, as are |
|
.Fl symbolic |
|
and |
|
.Cm \&Sy, |
|
and |
|
.Fl literal |
|
and |
|
.Cm \&Li . |
|
Without an argument, this macro does nothing. |
|
The font mode continues until broken by a new font mode in a nested |
|
scope or |
|
.Sx \&Ef |
|
is encountered. |
|
.Pp |
|
See also |
|
.Sx \&Li , |
|
.Sx \&Ef , |
|
and |
|
.Sx \&Sy . |
.Ss \&Bk |
.Ss \&Bk |
|
Begins a collection of macros or text not breaking the line. |
|
Its syntax is as follows: |
|
.Pp |
|
.D1 Pf \. Sx \&Bk Fl words |
|
.Pp |
|
Subsequent arguments are ignored. |
|
The |
|
.Fl words |
|
argument is required. |
|
.Pp |
|
Each line within a keep block is kept intact, so the following example |
|
will not break within each |
|
.Sx \&Op |
|
macro line: |
|
.Bd -literal -offset indent |
|
\&.Bk \-words |
|
\&.Op Fl f Ar flags |
|
\&.Op Fl o Ar output |
|
\&.Ek |
|
.Ed |
|
.Pp |
|
Be careful in using over-long lines within a keep block! |
|
Doing so will clobber the right margin. |
.Ss \&Bl |
.Ss \&Bl |
Begins a list composed of one or more list entries. |
Begins a list composed of one or more list entries. |
|
Its syntax is as follows: |
|
.Bd -ragged -offset indent |
|
.Pf \. Sx \&Bl |
|
.Fl type |
|
.Op Fl width Ar val |
|
.Op Fl offset Ar val |
|
.Op Fl compact |
|
.Op HEAD ... |
|
.Ed |
|
.Pp |
A list is associated with a type, which is a required argument. |
A list is associated with a type, which is a required argument. |
Other arguments are |
Other arguments are |
.Fl width , |
.Fl width , |
|
|
and |
and |
.Sx \&Dl . |
.Sx \&Dl . |
.Ss \&Db |
.Ss \&Db |
|
Start a debugging context. |
|
This macro is parsed, but generally ignored. |
|
Its syntax is as follows: |
|
.Pp |
|
.D1 Pf \. Sx \&Db Cm on | off |
.Ss \&Dc |
.Ss \&Dc |
Closes a |
Closes a |
.Sx \&Do |
.Sx \&Do |
|
|
This is the mandatory first macro of any |
This is the mandatory first macro of any |
.Nm |
.Nm |
manual. |
manual. |
Its calling syntax is as follows: |
Its syntax is as follows: |
.Pp |
.Pp |
.D1 \. Ns Sx \&Dd Cm date |
.D1 Pf \. Sx \&Dd Cm date |
.Pp |
.Pp |
The |
The |
.Cm date |
.Cm date |
Line 1402 Document title. |
|
Line 1499 Document title. |
|
This is the mandatory second macro of any |
This is the mandatory second macro of any |
.Nm |
.Nm |
file. |
file. |
Its calling syntax is as follows: |
Its syntax is as follows: |
|
.Bd -ragged -offset indent |
|
.Pf \. Sx \&Dt |
|
.Oo |
|
.Cm title |
|
.Oo |
|
.Cm section |
|
.Op Cm volume | arch |
|
.Oc |
|
.Oc |
|
.Ed |
.Pp |
.Pp |
.D1 \. Ns Sx \&Dt Op Cm title Op Cm section Op Cm volume | arch |
|
.Pp |
|
Its arguments are as follows: |
Its arguments are as follows: |
.Bl -tag -width Ds -offset Ds |
.Bl -tag -width Ds -offset Ds |
.It Cm title |
.It Cm title |
|
|
and |
and |
.Sx \&Ux . |
.Sx \&Ux . |
.Ss \&Ec |
.Ss \&Ec |
|
Close a scope started by |
|
.Sx \&Eo . |
|
Its syntax is as follows: |
|
.Pp |
|
.D1 Pf \. Sx \&Ec Op Cm TERM |
|
.Pp |
|
The |
|
.Cm TERM |
|
argument is used as the enclosure tail, for example, specifying \e(rq |
|
will emulate |
|
.Sx \&Dc . |
.Ss \&Ed |
.Ss \&Ed |
|
End a display context started by |
|
.Sx \&Bd . |
.Ss \&Ef |
.Ss \&Ef |
|
Ends a font mode context started by |
|
.Sx \&Bf . |
.Ss \&Ek |
.Ss \&Ek |
|
Ends a keep context started by |
|
.Sx \&Bk . |
.Ss \&El |
.Ss \&El |
|
Ends a list context started by |
|
.Sx \&Bl . |
|
.Pp |
|
See also |
|
.Sx \&Bl |
|
and |
|
.Sx \&It . |
.Ss \&Em |
.Ss \&Em |
Denotes text that should be emphasised. |
Denotes text that should be emphasised. |
Note that this is a presentation term and should not be used for |
Note that this is a presentation term and should not be used for |
|
|
.D1 \&.Em Warnings! |
.D1 \&.Em Warnings! |
.D1 \&.Em Remarks : |
.D1 \&.Em Remarks : |
.Ss \&En |
.Ss \&En |
|
This macro is obsolete and not implemented. |
.Ss \&Eo |
.Ss \&Eo |
|
An arbitrary enclosure. |
|
Its syntax is as follows: |
|
.Pp |
|
.D1 Pf \. Sx \&Eo Op Cm TERM |
|
.Pp |
|
The |
|
.Cm TERM |
|
argument is used as the enclosure head, for example, specifying \e(lq |
|
will emulate |
|
.Sx \&Do . |
.Ss \&Er |
.Ss \&Er |
Display error constants. |
Display error constants. |
.Pp |
.Pp |
|
|
See also |
See also |
.Sx \&Dv . |
.Sx \&Dv . |
.Ss \&Es |
.Ss \&Es |
|
This macro is obsolete and not implemented. |
.Ss \&Ev |
.Ss \&Ev |
Environmental variables such as those specified in |
Environmental variables such as those specified in |
.Xr environ 7 . |
.Xr environ 7 . |
Line 1598 is not provided, the document's name as stipulated in |
|
Line 1739 is not provided, the document's name as stipulated in |
|
.Sx \&Nm |
.Sx \&Nm |
is provided. |
is provided. |
.Ss \&Fa |
.Ss \&Fa |
|
Function argument. |
|
Its syntax is as follows: |
|
.Bd -ragged -offset indent |
|
.Pf \. Sx \&Fa |
|
.Op Cm argtype |
|
.Cm argname |
|
.Ed |
|
.Pp |
|
This may be invoked for names with or without the corresponding type. |
|
It is also used to specify the field name of a structure. |
|
Most often, the |
|
.Sx \&Fa |
|
macro is used in the |
|
.Em SYNOPSIS |
|
within |
|
.Sx \&Fo |
|
section when documenting multi-line function prototypes. |
|
If invoked with multiple arguments, the arguments are separated by a |
|
comma. |
|
Furthermore, if the following macro is another |
|
.Sx \&Fa , |
|
the last argument will also have a trailing comma. |
|
.Pp |
|
Examples: |
|
.D1 \&.Fa \(dqconst char *p\(dq |
|
.D1 \&.Fa \(dqint a\(dq \(dqint b\(dq \(dqint c\(dq |
|
.D1 \&.Fa foo |
|
.Pp |
|
See also |
|
.Sx \&Fo . |
.Ss \&Fc |
.Ss \&Fc |
|
Ends a function context started by |
|
.Sx \&Fo . |
.Ss \&Fd |
.Ss \&Fd |
|
Historically used to document include files. |
|
This usage has been deprecated in favour of |
|
.Sx \&In . |
|
Do not use this macro. |
|
.Pp |
|
See also |
|
.Sx MANUAL STRUCTURE |
|
and |
|
.Sx \&In . |
.Ss \&Fl |
.Ss \&Fl |
Command-line flag. |
Command-line flag. |
Used when listing arguments to command-line utilities. |
Used when listing arguments to command-line utilities. |
|
|
See also |
See also |
.Sx \&Cm . |
.Sx \&Cm . |
.Ss \&Fn |
.Ss \&Fn |
|
A function name. |
|
Its syntax is as follows: |
|
.Bd -ragged -offset indent |
|
.Pf \. Ns Sx \&Fn |
|
.Op Cm functype |
|
.Cm funcname |
|
.Op Oo Cm argtype Oc Cm argname |
|
.Ed |
|
.Pp |
|
Function arguments are surrounded in parenthesis and |
|
are delimited by commas. |
|
If no arguments are specified, blank parenthesis are output. |
|
.Pp |
|
Examples: |
|
.D1 \&.Fn "int funcname" "int arg0" "int arg1" |
|
.D1 \&.Fn funcname "int arg0" |
|
.D1 \&.Fn funcname arg0 |
|
.Bd -literal -offset indent -compact |
|
\&.Ft functype |
|
\&.Fn funcname |
|
.Ed |
|
.Pp |
|
See also |
|
.Sx MANUAL STRUCTURE |
|
and |
|
.Sx \&Ft . |
.Ss \&Fo |
.Ss \&Fo |
.Ss \&Fr |
Begin a function block. |
|
This is a multi-line version of |
|
.Sx \&Fn . |
|
Its syntax is as follows: |
|
.Pp |
|
.D1 Pf \. Sx \&Fo Cm funcname |
|
.Pp |
|
Invocations usually occur in the following context: |
|
.Bd -ragged -offset indent |
|
.Pf \. Sx \&Ft Cm functype |
|
.br |
|
.Pf \. Sx \&Fo Cm funcname |
|
.br |
|
.Pf \. Sx \&Fa Oo Cm argtype Oc Cm argname |
|
.br |
|
\.\.\. |
|
.br |
|
.Pf \. Sx \&Fc |
|
.Ed |
|
.Pp |
|
A |
|
.Sx \&Fo |
|
scope is closed by |
|
.Pp |
|
See also |
|
.Sx MANUAL STRUCTURE , |
|
.Sx \&Fa , |
|
.Sx \&Fc , |
|
and |
.Ss \&Ft |
.Ss \&Ft |
|
A function type. |
|
Its syntax is as follows: |
|
.Pp |
|
.D1 Pf \. Sx \&Ft Cm functype |
|
.Pp |
|
Examples: |
|
.D1 \&.Ft int |
|
.Bd -literal -offset indent -compact |
|
\&.Ft functype |
|
\&.Fn funcname |
|
.Ed |
|
.Pp |
|
See also |
|
.Sx MANUAL STRUCTURE , |
|
.Sx \&Fn , |
|
and |
|
.Sx \&Fo . |
.Ss \&Fx |
.Ss \&Fx |
Format the FreeBSD version provided as an argument, or a default value |
Format the FreeBSD version provided as an argument, or a default value |
if no argument is provided. |
if no argument is provided. |
|
|
and |
and |
.Sx \&Ux . |
.Sx \&Ux . |
.Ss \&Hf |
.Ss \&Hf |
|
This macro is obsolete and not implemented. |
.Ss \&Ic |
.Ss \&Ic |
|
Designate an internal or interactive command. |
|
This is similar to |
|
.Sx \&Cm |
|
but used for instructions rather than values. |
|
.Pp |
|
Examples: |
|
.D1 \&.Ic hash |
|
.D1 \&.Ic alias |
|
.Pp |
|
Note that using |
|
.Sx \&Bd No Fl literal |
|
or |
|
.Sx \&D1 |
|
is preferred for displaying code; the |
|
.Sx \&Ic |
|
macro is used when referring to specific instructions. |
.Ss \&In |
.Ss \&In |
|
An |
|
.Qq include |
|
file. |
|
In the |
|
.Em SYNOPSIS |
|
section (only if invoked as the line macro), the first argument is |
|
preceded by |
|
.Qq #include , |
|
the arguments is enclosed in angled braces. |
|
.Pp |
|
Examples: |
|
.D1 \&.In sys/types |
|
.Pp |
|
See also |
|
.Sx MANUAL STRUCTURE . |
.Ss \&It |
.Ss \&It |
A list item. The syntax of this macro depends on the list type. |
A list item. |
|
The syntax of this macro depends on the list type. |
.Pp |
.Pp |
Lists |
Lists |
of type |
of type |
|
|
.Fl inset , |
.Fl inset , |
and |
and |
.Fl diag |
.Fl diag |
have the following calling syntax: |
have the following syntax: |
.Pp |
.Pp |
.D1 \. Ns Sx \&It Cm args |
.D1 Pf \. Sx \&It Cm args |
.Pp |
.Pp |
Lists of type |
Lists of type |
.Fl bullet , |
.Fl bullet , |
|
|
.Fl hyphen |
.Fl hyphen |
and |
and |
.Fl item |
.Fl item |
have the following calling syntax: |
have the following syntax: |
.Pp |
.Pp |
.D1 \. Ns Sx \&It |
.D1 Pf \. Sx \&It |
.Pp |
.Pp |
with subsequent lines interpreted within the scope of the |
with subsequent lines interpreted within the scope of the |
.Sx \&It |
.Sx \&It |
|
|
.Pp |
.Pp |
The |
The |
.Fl tag |
.Fl tag |
list has syntax |
list has the following syntax: |
.Pp |
.Pp |
.D1 \. Ns Sx \&It Op Cm args |
.D1 Pf \. Sx \&It Op Cm args |
.Pp |
.Pp |
with subsequent lines interpreted as with |
Subsequent lines are interpreted as with |
.Fl bullet |
.Fl bullet |
and family. |
and family. |
The line arguments correspond to the list's left-hand side; body |
The line arguments correspond to the list's left-hand side; body |
Line 1689 arguments correspond to the list's contents. |
|
Line 1975 arguments correspond to the list's contents. |
|
The |
The |
.Fl column |
.Fl column |
list is the most complicated. |
list is the most complicated. |
Its syntax is |
Its syntax is as follows: |
.Pp |
.Pp |
.D1 \. Ns Sx \&It Op Cm args |
.D1 Pf \. Sx \&It Op Cm args |
.Pp |
.Pp |
where |
The |
.Cm args |
.Cm args |
are phrases, a mix of macros and text corresponding to a line column, |
are phrases, a mix of macros and text corresponding to a line column, |
delimited by tabs or the special |
delimited by tabs or the special |
|
|
Subsequent this, only the |
Subsequent this, only the |
.Sq \&Ta |
.Sq \&Ta |
pseudo-macro may be used to delimit phrases. |
pseudo-macro may be used to delimit phrases. |
Furthermore, note that quoted sections propogate over tab-delimited |
Furthermore, note that quoted sections propagate over tab-delimited |
phrases on an |
phrases on an |
.Sx \&It , |
.Sx \&It , |
for example, |
for example, |
.Pp |
.Pp |
.D1 .It \(dqcol1 ; <TAB> col2 ;\(dq ; |
.D1 .It \(dqcol1 ; <TAB> col2 ;\(dq \&; |
.Pp |
.Pp |
will preserve the semicolon whitespace except for the last. |
will preserve the semicolon whitespace except for the last. |
.Pp |
.Pp |
|
|
.Sx \&Bl . |
.Sx \&Bl . |
.Ss \&Lb |
.Ss \&Lb |
Specify a library. |
Specify a library. |
The calling syntax is as follows: |
The syntax is as follows: |
.Pp |
.Pp |
.D1 \. Ns Sx \&Lb Cm library |
.D1 Pf \. Sx \&Lb Cm library |
.Pp |
.Pp |
The |
The |
.Cm library |
.Cm library |
|
|
.D1 \&.Lb libz |
.D1 \&.Lb libz |
.D1 \&.Lb mdoc |
.D1 \&.Lb mdoc |
.Ss \&Li |
.Ss \&Li |
|
Denotes text that should be in a literal font mode. |
|
Note that this is a presentation term and should not be used for |
|
stylistically decorating technical terms. |
.Ss \&Lk |
.Ss \&Lk |
Format a hyperlink. |
Format a hyperlink. |
The calling syntax is as follows: |
Its syntax is as follows: |
.Pp |
.Pp |
.D1 \. Ns Sx \&Lk Cm uri Op Cm name |
.D1 Pf \. Sx \&Lk Cm uri Op Cm name |
.Pp |
.Pp |
Examples: |
Examples: |
.D1 \&.Lk http://bsd.lv "The BSD.lv Project" |
.D1 \&.Lk http://bsd.lv "The BSD.lv Project" |
|
|
See also |
See also |
.Sx \&Mt . |
.Sx \&Mt . |
.Ss \&Lp |
.Ss \&Lp |
|
Synonym for |
|
.Sx \&Pp . |
.Ss \&Ms |
.Ss \&Ms |
.Ss \&Mt |
.Ss \&Mt |
|
Format a |
|
.Qq mailto: |
|
hyperlink. |
|
Its syntax is as follows: |
|
.Pp |
|
.D1 Pf \. Sx \&Mt Cm address |
|
.Pp |
|
Examples: |
|
.D1 \&.Mt discuss@manpages.bsd.lv |
.Ss \&Nd |
.Ss \&Nd |
|
A one-line description of the manual's content. |
|
This may only be invoked in the |
|
.Em SYNOPSIS |
|
section subsequent the |
|
.Sx \&Nm |
|
macro. |
|
.Pp |
|
Examples: |
|
.D1 \&.Sx \&Nd mdoc language reference |
|
.D1 \&.Sx \&Nd format and display UNIX manuals |
|
.Pp |
|
The |
|
.Sx \&Nd |
|
macro technically accepts child macros and terminates with a subsequent |
|
.Sx \&Sh |
|
invocation. |
|
Do not assume this behaviour: some |
|
.Xr whatis 1 |
|
database generators are not smart enough to parse more than the line |
|
arguments and will display macros verbatim. |
|
.Pp |
|
See also |
|
.Sx \&Nm . |
.Ss \&Nm |
.Ss \&Nm |
|
The name of the manual page, or \(em in particular in section 1, 6, |
|
and 8 pages \(em of an additional command or feature documented in |
|
the manual page. |
|
When first invoked, the |
|
.Sx \&Nm |
|
macro expects a single argument, the name of the manual page. |
|
Usually, the first invocation happens in the |
|
.Em NAME |
|
section of the page. |
|
The specified name will be remembered and used whenever the macro is |
|
called again without arguments later in the page. |
|
The |
|
.Sx \&Nm |
|
macro uses |
|
.Sx Block full-implicit |
|
semantics when invoked as the first macro on an input line in the |
|
.Em SYNOPSIS |
|
section; otherwise, it uses ordinary |
|
.Sx In-line |
|
semantics. |
|
.Pp |
|
Examples: |
|
.Bd -literal -offset indent |
|
\&.Sh SYNOPSIS |
|
\&.Nm cat |
|
\&.Op Fl benstuv |
|
\&.Op Ar |
|
.Ed |
|
.Pp |
|
In the |
|
.Em SYNOPSIS |
|
of section 2, 3 and 9 manual pages, use the |
|
.Sx \&Fn |
|
macro rather than |
|
.Sx \&Nm |
|
to mark up the name of the manual page. |
.Ss \&No |
.Ss \&No |
|
A |
|
.Qq noop |
|
macro used to terminate prior macro contexts. |
|
.Pp |
|
Examples: |
|
.D1 \&.Sx \&Fl ab \&No cd \&Fl ef |
.Ss \&Ns |
.Ss \&Ns |
.Ss \&Nx |
.Ss \&Nx |
Format the NetBSD version provided as an argument, or a default value if |
Format the NetBSD version provided as an argument, or a default value if |
|
|
and |
and |
.Sx \&Ux . |
.Sx \&Ux . |
.Ss \&Oc |
.Ss \&Oc |
|
Closes multi-line |
|
.Sx \&Oo |
|
context. |
.Ss \&Oo |
.Ss \&Oo |
|
Multi-line version of |
|
.Sx \&Op . |
|
.Pp |
|
Examples: |
|
.Bd -literal -offset indent |
|
\&.Oo |
|
\&.Op Fl flag Ns Ar value |
|
\&.Oc |
|
.Ed |
.Ss \&Op |
.Ss \&Op |
|
Command-line option. |
|
Used when listing options to command-line utilities. |
|
Prints the argument(s) in brackets. |
|
.Pp |
|
Examples: |
|
.D1 \&.Op \&Fl a \&Ar b |
|
.D1 \&.Op \&Ar a | b |
|
.Pp |
|
See also |
|
.Sx \&Oo . |
.Ss \&Os |
.Ss \&Os |
Document operating system version. |
Document operating system version. |
This is the mandatory third macro of |
This is the mandatory third macro of |
any |
any |
.Nm |
.Nm |
file. Its calling syntax is as follows: |
file. |
|
Its syntax is as follows: |
.Pp |
.Pp |
.D1 \. Ns Sx \&Os Op Cm system |
.D1 Pf \. Sx \&Os Op Cm system |
.Pp |
.Pp |
The optional |
The optional |
.Cm system |
.Cm system |
|
|
and |
and |
.Sx \&Ux . |
.Sx \&Ux . |
.Ss \&Pa |
.Ss \&Pa |
|
A file-system path. |
|
.Pp |
|
Examples: |
|
.D1 \&.Pa /usr/bin/mandoc |
|
.D1 \&.Pa /usr/share/man/man7/mdoc.7 |
|
.Pp |
|
See also |
|
.Sx \&Lk . |
.Ss \&Pc |
.Ss \&Pc |
|
Close parenthesised context opened by |
|
.Sx \&Po . |
.Ss \&Pf |
.Ss \&Pf |
|
Removes the space |
|
.Pq Qq prefix |
|
between its arguments. |
|
Its syntax is as follows: |
|
.Pp |
|
.D1 Pf \. \&Pf Cm prefix suffix |
|
.Pp |
|
The |
|
.Cm suffix |
|
argument may be a macro. |
|
.Pp |
|
Examples: |
|
.D1 \&.Pf \e. \&Sx \&Pf \&Cm prefix suffix |
.Ss \&Po |
.Ss \&Po |
|
Multi-line version of |
|
.Sx \&Pq . |
.Ss \&Pp |
.Ss \&Pp |
|
Break a paragraph. |
|
This will assert vertical space between prior and subsequent macros |
|
and/or text. |
.Ss \&Pq |
.Ss \&Pq |
|
Parenthesised enclosure. |
|
.Pp |
|
See also |
|
.Sx \&Po . |
.Ss \&Qc |
.Ss \&Qc |
.Ss \&Ql |
.Ss \&Ql |
.Ss \&Qo |
.Ss \&Qo |
Line 1865 The block macro may only contain |
|
Line 2285 The block macro may only contain |
|
.Sx \&%Q , |
.Sx \&%Q , |
.Sx \&%R , |
.Sx \&%R , |
.Sx \&%T , |
.Sx \&%T , |
|
.Sx \&%U , |
and |
and |
.Sx \&%V |
.Sx \&%V |
child macros (at least one must be specified). |
child macros (at least one must be specified). |
|
|
.Ss \&Sc |
.Ss \&Sc |
.Ss \&Sh |
.Ss \&Sh |
.Ss \&Sm |
.Ss \&Sm |
|
Switches the spacing mode for output generated from macros. |
|
Its syntax is as follows: |
|
.Pp |
|
.D1 Pf \. Sx \&Sm Cm on | off |
|
.Pp |
|
By default, spacing is |
|
.Cm on . |
|
When switched |
|
.Cm off , |
|
no white space is inserted between macro arguments and between the |
|
output generated from adjacent macros, but free-form text lines |
|
still get normal spacing between words and sentences. |
.Ss \&So |
.Ss \&So |
.Ss \&Sq |
.Ss \&Sq |
.Ss \&Ss |
.Ss \&Ss |
|
|
and |
and |
.Sx \&Ox . |
.Sx \&Ox . |
.Ss \&Va |
.Ss \&Va |
|
A variable name. |
|
.Pp |
|
Examples: |
|
.D1 \&.Va foo |
|
.D1 \&.Va const char *bar ; |
.Ss \&Vt |
.Ss \&Vt |
A variable type. |
A variable type. |
This is also used for indicating global variables in the SYNOPSIS |
This is also used for indicating global variables in the |
|
.Em SYNOPSIS |
section, in which case a variable name is also specified. |
section, in which case a variable name is also specified. |
Note that it accepts |
Note that it accepts |
.Sx Block partial-implicit |
.Sx Block partial-implicit |
syntax when invoked as the first macro in the SYNOPSIS section, else it |
syntax when invoked as the first macro in the |
accepts ordinary |
.Em SYNOPSIS |
|
section, else it accepts ordinary |
.Sx In-line |
.Sx In-line |
syntax. |
syntax. |
.Pp |
.Pp |
Line 1934 which is used for function return types. |
|
Line 2374 which is used for function return types. |
|
.Pp |
.Pp |
Examples: |
Examples: |
.D1 \&.Vt unsigned char |
.D1 \&.Vt unsigned char |
.D1 \&.Vt extern const char * const sys_signame[] ; |
.D1 \&.Vt extern const char * const sys_signame[] \&; |
.Pp |
.Pp |
See also |
See also |
.Sx \&Ft |
.Sx MANUAL STRUCTURE |
and |
and |
.Sx \&Va . |
.Sx \&Va . |
.Ss \&Xc |
.Ss \&Xc |
Line 1950 since this limit has been lifted, the macro has been d |
|
Line 2390 since this limit has been lifted, the macro has been d |
|
.Ss \&Xr |
.Ss \&Xr |
Link to another manual |
Link to another manual |
.Pq Qq cross-reference . |
.Pq Qq cross-reference . |
Its calling syntax is |
Its syntax is as follows: |
.Pp |
.Pp |
.D1 \. Ns Sx \&Xr Cm name section |
.D1 Pf \. Sx \&Xr Cm name section |
.Pp |
.Pp |
The |
The |
.Cm name |
.Cm name |
Line 1969 This behaviour is for compatibility with |
|
Line 2409 This behaviour is for compatibility with |
|
.Pp |
.Pp |
Examples: |
Examples: |
.D1 \&.Xr mandoc 1 |
.D1 \&.Xr mandoc 1 |
.D1 \&.Xr mandoc 1 ; |
.D1 \&.Xr mandoc 1 \&; |
.D1 \&.Xr mandoc 1 \&Ns s behaviour |
.D1 \&.Xr mandoc 1 \&Ns s behaviour |
.Ss \&br |
.Ss \&br |
.Ss \&sp |
.Ss \&sp |
Line 1989 Heirloom troff, the other significant troff implementa |
|
Line 2429 Heirloom troff, the other significant troff implementa |
|
.Pp |
.Pp |
.Bl -dash -compact |
.Bl -dash -compact |
.It |
.It |
|
Old groff fails to assert a newline before |
|
.Sx \&Bd Fl ragged compact . |
|
.It |
|
groff behaves inconsistently when encountering |
|
.Pf non- Sx \&Fa |
|
children of |
|
.Sx \&Fo |
|
regarding spacing between arguments. |
|
In mandoc, this is not the case: each argument is consistently followed |
|
by a single space and the trailing |
|
.Sq \&) |
|
suppresses prior spacing. |
|
.It |
|
groff behaves inconsistently when encountering |
|
.Sx \&Ft |
|
and |
|
.Sx \&Fn |
|
in the |
|
.Em SYNOPSIS : |
|
at times newline(s) are suppressed depending on whether a prior |
|
.Sx \&Fn |
|
has been invoked. |
|
In mandoc, this is not the case. |
|
See |
|
.Sx \&Ft |
|
and |
|
.Sx \&Fn |
|
for the normalised behaviour. |
|
.It |
|
Historic groff does not break before an |
|
.Sx \&Fn |
|
when not invoked as the line macro in the |
|
.Em SYNOPSIS |
|
section. |
|
.It |
|
Historic groff formats the |
|
.Sx \&In |
|
badly: trailing arguments are trashed and |
|
.Em SYNOPSIS |
|
is not specially treated. |
|
.It |
|
groff does not accept the |
|
.Sq \&Ta |
|
pseudo-macro as a line macro. |
|
mandoc does. |
|
.It |
The comment syntax |
The comment syntax |
.Sq \e." |
.Sq \e." |
is no longer accepted. |
is no longer accepted. |
Line 2020 In quoted literals, groff allowed pair-wise double-quo |
|
Line 2506 In quoted literals, groff allowed pair-wise double-quo |
|
standalone double-quote in formatted output. |
standalone double-quote in formatted output. |
This idiosyncratic behaviour is not applicable in mandoc. |
This idiosyncratic behaviour is not applicable in mandoc. |
.It |
.It |
Display types |
Display offsets |
.Sx \&Bd |
.Sx \&Bd |
.Fl center |
.Fl offset Ar center |
and |
and |
.Fl right |
.Fl offset Ar right |
are aliases for |
are disregarded in mandoc. |
.Fl left |
Furthermore, troff specifies a |
in manodc. Furthermore, the |
|
.Fl file Ar file |
.Fl file Ar file |
argument is ignored. |
argument that is not supported in mandoc. |
Lastly, since text is not right-justified in mandoc (or even groff), |
Lastly, since text is not right-justified in mandoc (or even groff), |
.Fl ragged |
.Fl ragged |
and |
and |
Line 2059 Some manuals use |
|
Line 2544 Some manuals use |
|
incorrectly by following it with a reserved character and expecting the |
incorrectly by following it with a reserved character and expecting the |
delimiter to render. |
delimiter to render. |
This is not supported in mandoc. |
This is not supported in mandoc. |
.It |
|
In groff, the |
|
.Sx \&Fo |
|
macro only produces the first parameter. |
|
This is not the case in mandoc. |
|
.It |
.It |
In groff, the |
In groff, the |
.Sx \&Cd , |
.Sx \&Cd , |