version 1.259, 2016/12/28 17:34:18 |
version 1.272, 2018/12/23 15:32:31 |
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.\" $Id$ |
.\" $Id$ |
.\" |
.\" |
.\" Copyright (c) 2009, 2010, 2011 Kristaps Dzonsons <kristaps@bsd.lv> |
.\" Copyright (c) 2009, 2010, 2011 Kristaps Dzonsons <kristaps@bsd.lv> |
.\" Copyright (c) 2010, 2011, 2013 Ingo Schwarze <schwarze@openbsd.org> |
.\" Copyright (c) 2010, 2011, 2013-2018 Ingo Schwarze <schwarze@openbsd.org> |
.\" |
.\" |
.\" Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any |
.\" Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any |
.\" purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above |
.\" purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above |
Line 449 in the alphabetical |
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Line 449 in the alphabetical |
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.It Sx \&Ss Ta subsection header (one line) |
.It Sx \&Ss Ta subsection header (one line) |
.It Sx \&Sx Ta internal cross reference to a section or subsection |
.It Sx \&Sx Ta internal cross reference to a section or subsection |
.It Sx \&Xr Ta cross reference to another manual page: Ar name section |
.It Sx \&Xr Ta cross reference to another manual page: Ar name section |
.It Sx \&Pp , \&Lp Ta start a text paragraph (no arguments) |
.It Sx \&Pp Ta start a text paragraph (no arguments) |
.El |
.El |
.Ss Displays and lists |
.Ss Displays and lists |
.Bl -column "Brq, Bro, Brc" description |
.Bl -column "Brq, Bro, Brc" description |
Line 476 in the alphabetical |
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Line 476 in the alphabetical |
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.It Sx \&Ap Ta apostrophe without surrounding whitespace (no arguments) |
.It Sx \&Ap Ta apostrophe without surrounding whitespace (no arguments) |
.It Sx \&Sm Ta switch horizontal spacing mode: Op Cm on | off |
.It Sx \&Sm Ta switch horizontal spacing mode: Op Cm on | off |
.It Sx \&Bk , \&Ek Ta keep block: Fl words |
.It Sx \&Bk , \&Ek Ta keep block: Fl words |
.It Sx \&br Ta force output line break in text mode (no arguments) |
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.It Sx \&sp Ta force vertical space: Op Ar height |
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.El |
.El |
.Ss Semantic markup for command line utilities: |
.Ss Semantic markup for command line utilities |
.Bl -column "Brq, Bro, Brc" description |
.Bl -column "Brq, Bro, Brc" description |
.It Sx \&Nm Ta start a SYNOPSIS block with the name of a utility |
.It Sx \&Nm Ta start a SYNOPSIS block with the name of a utility |
.It Sx \&Fl Ta command line options (flags) (>=0 arguments) |
.It Sx \&Fl Ta command line options (flags) (>=0 arguments) |
Line 490 in the alphabetical |
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Line 488 in the alphabetical |
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.It Sx \&Ev Ta environmental variable (>0 arguments) |
.It Sx \&Ev Ta environmental variable (>0 arguments) |
.It Sx \&Pa Ta file system path (>=0 arguments) |
.It Sx \&Pa Ta file system path (>=0 arguments) |
.El |
.El |
.Ss Semantic markup for function libraries: |
.Ss Semantic markup for function libraries |
.Bl -column "Brq, Bro, Brc" description |
.Bl -column "Brq, Bro, Brc" description |
.It Sx \&Lb Ta function library (one argument) |
.It Sx \&Lb Ta function library (one argument) |
.It Sx \&In Ta include file (one argument) |
.It Sx \&In Ta include file (one argument) |
Line 511 in the alphabetical |
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Line 509 in the alphabetical |
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.It Sx \&Er Ta error constant (>0 arguments) |
.It Sx \&Er Ta error constant (>0 arguments) |
.It Sx \&Ev Ta environmental variable (>0 arguments) |
.It Sx \&Ev Ta environmental variable (>0 arguments) |
.El |
.El |
.Ss Various semantic markup: |
.Ss Various semantic markup |
.Bl -column "Brq, Bro, Brc" description |
.Bl -column "Brq, Bro, Brc" description |
.It Sx \&An Ta author name (>0 arguments) |
.It Sx \&An Ta author name (>0 arguments) |
.It Sx \&Lk Ta hyperlink: Ar uri Op Ar name |
.It Sx \&Lk Ta hyperlink: Ar uri Op Ar name |
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.Ss \&Ao |
.Ss \&Ao |
Begin a block enclosed by angle brackets. |
Begin a block enclosed by angle brackets. |
Does not have any head arguments. |
Does not have any head arguments. |
.Pp |
This macro is almost never useful. |
Examples: |
See |
.Dl \&.Fl -key= \&Ns \&Ao \&Ar val \&Ac |
.Sx \&Aq |
.Pp |
for more details. |
See also |
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.Sx \&Aq . |
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.Ss \&Ap |
.Ss \&Ap |
Inserts an apostrophe without any surrounding whitespace. |
Inserts an apostrophe without any surrounding whitespace. |
This is generally used as a grammatical device when referring to the verb |
This is generally used as a grammatical device when referring to the verb |
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.Dl \&.Fn execve \&Ap d |
.Dl \&.Fn execve \&Ap d |
.Ss \&Aq |
.Ss \&Aq |
Encloses its arguments in angle brackets. |
Encloses its arguments in angle brackets. |
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The only important use case is for email addresses. |
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See |
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.Sx \&Mt |
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for an example. |
.Pp |
.Pp |
Examples: |
Occasionally, it is used for names of characters and keys, for example: |
.Dl \&.Fl -key= \&Ns \&Aq \&Ar val |
.Bd -literal -offset indent |
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Press the |
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\&.Aq escape |
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key to ... |
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.Ed |
.Pp |
.Pp |
.Em Remarks : |
For URIs, use |
this macro is often abused for rendering URIs, which should instead use |
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.Sx \&Lk |
.Sx \&Lk |
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instead, and |
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.Sx \&In |
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for |
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.Dq #include |
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directives. |
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Never wrap |
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.Sx \&Ar |
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in |
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.Sx \&Aq . |
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.Pp |
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Since |
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.Sx \&Aq |
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usually renders with non-ASCII characters in non-ASCII output modes, |
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do not use it where the ASCII characters |
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.Sq < |
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and |
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.Sq > |
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are required as syntax elements. |
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Instead, use these characters directly in such cases, combining them |
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with the macros |
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.Sx \&Pf , |
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.Sx \&Ns , |
or |
or |
.Sx \&Mt , |
.Sx \&Eo |
or to note pre-processor |
as needed. |
.Dq Li #include |
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statements, which should use |
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.Sx \&In . |
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.Pp |
.Pp |
See also |
See also |
.Sx \&Ao . |
.Sx \&Ao . |
|
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.At . |
.At . |
.It Cm III |
.It Cm III |
.At III . |
.At III . |
.It Cm V[.[1-4]]? |
.It Cm V | V.[1-4] |
A version of |
A version of |
.At V . |
.At V . |
.El |
.El |
|
|
A columnated list. |
A columnated list. |
The |
The |
.Fl width |
.Fl width |
argument has no effect; instead, each argument specifies the width |
argument has no effect; instead, the string length of each argument |
of one column, using either the scaling width syntax described in |
specifies the width of one column. |
.Xr roff 7 |
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or the string length of the argument. |
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If the first line of the body of a |
If the first line of the body of a |
.Fl column |
.Fl column |
list is not an |
list is not an |
|
|
.Ar month |
.Ar month |
is the full English month name, the |
is the full English month name, the |
.Ar day |
.Ar day |
is an optionally zero-padded numeral, and the |
is an integer number, and the |
.Ar year |
.Ar year |
is the full four-digit year. |
is the full four-digit year. |
.Pp |
.Pp |
Line 1244 If no date string is given, the current date is used. |
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Line 1264 If no date string is given, the current date is used. |
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.Pp |
.Pp |
Examples: |
Examples: |
.Dl \&.Dd $\&Mdocdate$ |
.Dl \&.Dd $\&Mdocdate$ |
.Dl \&.Dd $\&Mdocdate: July 21 2007$ |
.Dl \&.Dd $\&Mdocdate: July 2 2018$ |
.Dl \&.Dd July 21, 2007 |
.Dl \&.Dd July 2, 2018 |
.Pp |
.Pp |
See also |
See also |
.Sx \&Dt |
.Sx \&Dt |
|
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list is the most complicated. |
list is the most complicated. |
Its syntax is as follows: |
Its syntax is as follows: |
.Pp |
.Pp |
.D1 Pf \. Sx \&It Ar cell Op <TAB> Ar cell ... |
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.D1 Pf \. Sx \&It Ar cell Op Sx \&Ta Ar cell ... |
.D1 Pf \. Sx \&It Ar cell Op Sx \&Ta Ar cell ... |
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.D1 Pf \. Sx \&It Ar cell Op <TAB> Ar cell ... |
.Pp |
.Pp |
The arguments consist of one or more lines of text and macros |
The arguments consist of one or more lines of text and macros |
representing a complete table line. |
representing a complete table line. |
Cells within the line are delimited by tabs or by the special |
Cells within the line are delimited by the special |
.Sx \&Ta |
.Sx \&Ta |
block macro. |
block macro or by literal tab characters. |
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.Pp |
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Using literal tabs is strongly discouraged because they are very |
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hard to use correctly and |
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.Nm |
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code using them is very hard to read. |
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In particular, a blank character is syntactically significant |
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before and after the literal tab character. |
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If a word precedes or follows the tab without an intervening blank, |
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that word is never interpreted as a macro call, but always output |
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literally. |
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.Pp |
The tab cell delimiter may only be used within the |
The tab cell delimiter may only be used within the |
.Sx \&It |
.Sx \&It |
line itself; on following lines, only the |
line itself; on following lines, only the |
.Sx \&Ta |
.Sx \&Ta |
macro can be used to delimit cells, and |
macro can be used to delimit cells, and portability requires that |
.Sx \&Ta |
.Sx \&Ta |
is only recognised as a macro when called by other macros, |
is called by other macros: some parsers do not recognize it when |
not as the first macro on a line. |
it appears as the first macro on a line. |
.Pp |
.Pp |
Note that quoted strings may span tab-delimited cells on an |
Note that quoted strings may span tab-delimited cells on an |
.Sx \&It |
.Sx \&It |
line. |
line. |
For example, |
For example, |
.Pp |
.Pp |
.Dl .It \(dqcol1 ; <TAB> col2 ;\(dq \&; |
.Dl .It \(dqcol1 ,\& <TAB> col2 ,\(dq \&; |
.Pp |
.Pp |
will preserve the semicolon whitespace except for the last. |
will preserve the whitespace before both commas, |
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but not the whitespace before the semicolon. |
.Pp |
.Pp |
See also |
See also |
.Sx \&Bl . |
.Sx \&Bl . |
|
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See also |
See also |
.Sx \&Mt . |
.Sx \&Mt . |
.Ss \&Lp |
.Ss \&Lp |
Synonym for |
Deprecated synonym for |
.Sx \&Pp . |
.Sx \&Pp . |
.Ss \&Ms |
.Ss \&Ms |
Display a mathematical symbol. |
Display a mathematical symbol. |
Line 2567 The second and last Technical Corrigendum. |
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Line 2599 The second and last Technical Corrigendum. |
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.br |
.br |
This standard is also called |
This standard is also called |
X/Open Portability Guide version 7. |
X/Open Portability Guide version 7. |
.Pp |
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.It \-p1003.1-2013 |
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.St -p1003.1-2013 |
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.br |
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This is the first Technical Corrigendum. |
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.El |
.El |
.It Other standards |
.It Other standards |
.Pp |
.Pp |
|
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.Dl \&.Xr mandoc 1 |
.Dl \&.Xr mandoc 1 |
.Dl \&.Xr mandoc 1 \&; |
.Dl \&.Xr mandoc 1 \&; |
.Dl \&.Xr mandoc 1 \&Ns s behaviour |
.Dl \&.Xr mandoc 1 \&Ns s behaviour |
.Ss \&br |
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Emits a line-break. |
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This macro should not be used; it is implemented for compatibility with |
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historical manuals. |
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.Pp |
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Consider using |
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.Sx \&Pp |
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in the event of natural paragraph breaks. |
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.Ss \&sp |
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Emits vertical space. |
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This macro should not be used; it is implemented for compatibility with |
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historical manuals. |
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Its syntax is as follows: |
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.Pp |
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.D1 Pf \. Sx \&sp Op Ar height |
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.Pp |
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The |
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.Ar height |
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argument is a scaling width as described in |
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.Xr roff 7 . |
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If unspecified, |
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.Sx \&sp |
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asserts a single vertical space. |
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.Sh MACRO SYNTAX |
.Sh MACRO SYNTAX |
The syntax of a macro depends on its classification. |
The syntax of a macro depends on its classification. |
In this section, |
In this section, |
Line 3033 then the macro accepts an arbitrary number of argument |
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Line 3037 then the macro accepts an arbitrary number of argument |
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.It Sx \&Va Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta n |
.It Sx \&Va Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta n |
.It Sx \&Vt Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta >0 |
.It Sx \&Vt Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta >0 |
.It Sx \&Xr Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta 2 |
.It Sx \&Xr Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta 2 |
.It Sx \&br Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta 0 |
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.It Sx \&sp Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta 1 |
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.El |
.El |
.Ss Delimiters |
.Ss Delimiters |
When a macro argument consists of one single input character |
When a macro argument consists of one single input character |
Line 3052 For many macros, when the leading arguments are openin |
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Line 3054 For many macros, when the leading arguments are openin |
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these delimiters are put before the macro scope, |
these delimiters are put before the macro scope, |
and when the trailing arguments are closing delimiters, |
and when the trailing arguments are closing delimiters, |
these delimiters are put after the macro scope. |
these delimiters are put after the macro scope. |
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Spacing is suppressed after opening delimiters |
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and before closing delimiters. |
For example, |
For example, |
.Pp |
.Pp |
.D1 Pf \. \&Aq "( [ word ] ) ." |
.D1 Pf \. \&Aq "( [ word ] ) ." |
|
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.D1 Fl a ( b | c \*(Ba d ) e |
.D1 Fl a ( b | c \*(Ba d ) e |
.Pp |
.Pp |
This applies to both opening and closing delimiters, |
This applies to both opening and closing delimiters, |
and also to the middle delimiter: |
and also to the middle delimiter, which does not suppress spacing: |
.Pp |
.Pp |
.Bl -tag -width Ds -offset indent -compact |
.Bl -tag -width Ds -offset indent -compact |
.It \&| |
.It \&| |
Line 3218 but produces large indentations. |
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Line 3222 but produces large indentations. |
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.Xr tbl 7 |
.Xr tbl 7 |
.Pp |
.Pp |
The web page |
The web page |
.Lk http://mdocml.bsd.lv/mdoc/ "extended documentation for the mdoc language" |
.Lk http://mandoc.bsd.lv/mdoc/ "extended documentation for the mdoc language" |
provides a few tutorial-style pages for beginners, an extensive style |
provides a few tutorial-style pages for beginners, an extensive style |
guide for advanced authors, and an alphabetic index helping to choose |
guide for advanced authors, and an alphabetic index helping to choose |
the best macros for various kinds of content. |
the best macros for various kinds of content. |