version 1.251, 2015/02/15 17:57:45 |
version 1.272, 2018/12/23 15:32:31 |
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.\" $Id$ |
.\" $Id$ |
.\" |
.\" |
.\" Copyright (c) 2009, 2010, 2011 Kristaps Dzonsons <kristaps@bsd.lv> |
.\" Copyright (c) 2009, 2010, 2011 Kristaps Dzonsons <kristaps@bsd.lv> |
.\" Copyright (c) 2010, 2011, 2013 Ingo Schwarze <schwarze@openbsd.org> |
.\" Copyright (c) 2010, 2011, 2013-2018 Ingo Schwarze <schwarze@openbsd.org> |
.\" |
.\" |
.\" Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any |
.\" Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any |
.\" purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above |
.\" purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above |
Line 304 Print verbose information. |
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Line 304 Print verbose information. |
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\&.El |
\&.El |
.Ed |
.Ed |
.Pp |
.Pp |
|
List the options in alphabetical order, |
|
uppercase before lowercase for each letter and |
|
with no regard to whether an option takes an argument. |
|
Put digits in ascending order before all letter options. |
|
.Pp |
Manuals not documenting a command won't include the above fragment. |
Manuals not documenting a command won't include the above fragment. |
.Pp |
.Pp |
Since the |
Since the |
Line 444 in the alphabetical |
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Line 449 in the alphabetical |
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.It Sx \&Ss Ta subsection header (one line) |
.It Sx \&Ss Ta subsection header (one line) |
.It Sx \&Sx Ta internal cross reference to a section or subsection |
.It Sx \&Sx Ta internal cross reference to a section or subsection |
.It Sx \&Xr Ta cross reference to another manual page: Ar name section |
.It Sx \&Xr Ta cross reference to another manual page: Ar name section |
.It Sx \&Pp , \&Lp Ta start a text paragraph (no arguments) |
.It Sx \&Pp Ta start a text paragraph (no arguments) |
.El |
.El |
.Ss Displays and lists |
.Ss Displays and lists |
.Bl -column "Brq, Bro, Brc" description |
.Bl -column "Brq, Bro, Brc" description |
Line 471 in the alphabetical |
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Line 476 in the alphabetical |
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.It Sx \&Ap Ta apostrophe without surrounding whitespace (no arguments) |
.It Sx \&Ap Ta apostrophe without surrounding whitespace (no arguments) |
.It Sx \&Sm Ta switch horizontal spacing mode: Op Cm on | off |
.It Sx \&Sm Ta switch horizontal spacing mode: Op Cm on | off |
.It Sx \&Bk , \&Ek Ta keep block: Fl words |
.It Sx \&Bk , \&Ek Ta keep block: Fl words |
.It Sx \&br Ta force output line break in text mode (no arguments) |
|
.It Sx \&sp Ta force vertical space: Op Ar height |
|
.El |
.El |
.Ss Semantic markup for command line utilities: |
.Ss Semantic markup for command line utilities |
.Bl -column "Brq, Bro, Brc" description |
.Bl -column "Brq, Bro, Brc" description |
.It Sx \&Nm Ta start a SYNOPSIS block with the name of a utility |
.It Sx \&Nm Ta start a SYNOPSIS block with the name of a utility |
.It Sx \&Fl Ta command line options (flags) (>=0 arguments) |
.It Sx \&Fl Ta command line options (flags) (>=0 arguments) |
Line 485 in the alphabetical |
|
Line 488 in the alphabetical |
|
.It Sx \&Ev Ta environmental variable (>0 arguments) |
.It Sx \&Ev Ta environmental variable (>0 arguments) |
.It Sx \&Pa Ta file system path (>=0 arguments) |
.It Sx \&Pa Ta file system path (>=0 arguments) |
.El |
.El |
.Ss Semantic markup for function libraries: |
.Ss Semantic markup for function libraries |
.Bl -column "Brq, Bro, Brc" description |
.Bl -column "Brq, Bro, Brc" description |
.It Sx \&Lb Ta function library (one argument) |
.It Sx \&Lb Ta function library (one argument) |
.It Sx \&In Ta include file (one argument) |
.It Sx \&In Ta include file (one argument) |
Line 506 in the alphabetical |
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Line 509 in the alphabetical |
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.It Sx \&Er Ta error constant (>0 arguments) |
.It Sx \&Er Ta error constant (>0 arguments) |
.It Sx \&Ev Ta environmental variable (>0 arguments) |
.It Sx \&Ev Ta environmental variable (>0 arguments) |
.El |
.El |
.Ss Various semantic markup: |
.Ss Various semantic markup |
.Bl -column "Brq, Bro, Brc" description |
.Bl -column "Brq, Bro, Brc" description |
.It Sx \&An Ta author name (>0 arguments) |
.It Sx \&An Ta author name (>0 arguments) |
.It Sx \&Lk Ta hyperlink: Ar uri Op Ar name |
.It Sx \&Lk Ta hyperlink: Ar uri Op Ar name |
|
|
.Ss \&Ao |
.Ss \&Ao |
Begin a block enclosed by angle brackets. |
Begin a block enclosed by angle brackets. |
Does not have any head arguments. |
Does not have any head arguments. |
.Pp |
This macro is almost never useful. |
Examples: |
See |
.Dl \&.Fl -key= \&Ns \&Ao \&Ar val \&Ac |
.Sx \&Aq |
.Pp |
for more details. |
See also |
|
.Sx \&Aq . |
|
.Ss \&Ap |
.Ss \&Ap |
Inserts an apostrophe without any surrounding whitespace. |
Inserts an apostrophe without any surrounding whitespace. |
This is generally used as a grammatical device when referring to the verb |
This is generally used as a grammatical device when referring to the verb |
|
|
.Dl \&.Fn execve \&Ap d |
.Dl \&.Fn execve \&Ap d |
.Ss \&Aq |
.Ss \&Aq |
Encloses its arguments in angle brackets. |
Encloses its arguments in angle brackets. |
|
The only important use case is for email addresses. |
|
See |
|
.Sx \&Mt |
|
for an example. |
.Pp |
.Pp |
Examples: |
Occasionally, it is used for names of characters and keys, for example: |
.Dl \&.Fl -key= \&Ns \&Aq \&Ar val |
.Bd -literal -offset indent |
|
Press the |
|
\&.Aq escape |
|
key to ... |
|
.Ed |
.Pp |
.Pp |
.Em Remarks : |
For URIs, use |
this macro is often abused for rendering URIs, which should instead use |
|
.Sx \&Lk |
.Sx \&Lk |
|
instead, and |
|
.Sx \&In |
|
for |
|
.Dq #include |
|
directives. |
|
Never wrap |
|
.Sx \&Ar |
|
in |
|
.Sx \&Aq . |
|
.Pp |
|
Since |
|
.Sx \&Aq |
|
usually renders with non-ASCII characters in non-ASCII output modes, |
|
do not use it where the ASCII characters |
|
.Sq < |
|
and |
|
.Sq > |
|
are required as syntax elements. |
|
Instead, use these characters directly in such cases, combining them |
|
with the macros |
|
.Sx \&Pf , |
|
.Sx \&Ns , |
or |
or |
.Sx \&Mt , |
.Sx \&Eo |
or to note pre-processor |
as needed. |
.Dq Li #include |
|
statements, which should use |
|
.Sx \&In . |
|
.Pp |
.Pp |
See also |
See also |
.Sx \&Ao . |
.Sx \&Ao . |
|
|
.At . |
.At . |
.It Cm III |
.It Cm III |
.At III . |
.At III . |
.It Cm V[.[1-4]]? |
.It Cm V | V.[1-4] |
A version of |
A version of |
.At V . |
.At V . |
.El |
.El |
|
|
A columnated list. |
A columnated list. |
The |
The |
.Fl width |
.Fl width |
argument has no effect; instead, each argument specifies the width |
argument has no effect; instead, the string length of each argument |
of one column, using either the scaling width syntax described in |
specifies the width of one column. |
.Xr roff 7 |
|
or the string length of the argument. |
|
If the first line of the body of a |
If the first line of the body of a |
.Fl column |
.Fl column |
list is not an |
list is not an |
|
|
.Ar month |
.Ar month |
is the full English month name, the |
is the full English month name, the |
.Ar day |
.Ar day |
is an optionally zero-padded numeral, and the |
is an integer number, and the |
.Ar year |
.Ar year |
is the full four-digit year. |
is the full four-digit year. |
.Pp |
.Pp |
Line 1239 If no date string is given, the current date is used. |
|
Line 1264 If no date string is given, the current date is used. |
|
.Pp |
.Pp |
Examples: |
Examples: |
.Dl \&.Dd $\&Mdocdate$ |
.Dl \&.Dd $\&Mdocdate$ |
.Dl \&.Dd $\&Mdocdate: July 21 2007$ |
.Dl \&.Dd $\&Mdocdate: July 2 2018$ |
.Dl \&.Dd July 21, 2007 |
.Dl \&.Dd July 2, 2018 |
.Pp |
.Pp |
See also |
See also |
.Sx \&Dt |
.Sx \&Dt |
|
|
A function name. |
A function name. |
Its syntax is as follows: |
Its syntax is as follows: |
.Bd -ragged -offset indent |
.Bd -ragged -offset indent |
.Pf \. Ns Sx \&Fn |
.Pf . Sx \&Fn |
.Op Ar functype |
.Op Ar functype |
.Ar funcname |
.Ar funcname |
.Op Oo Ar argtype Oc Ar argname |
.Op Oo Ar argtype Oc Ar argname |
|
|
list is the most complicated. |
list is the most complicated. |
Its syntax is as follows: |
Its syntax is as follows: |
.Pp |
.Pp |
.D1 Pf \. Sx \&It Ar cell Op <TAB> Ar cell ... |
|
.D1 Pf \. Sx \&It Ar cell Op Sx \&Ta Ar cell ... |
.D1 Pf \. Sx \&It Ar cell Op Sx \&Ta Ar cell ... |
|
.D1 Pf \. Sx \&It Ar cell Op <TAB> Ar cell ... |
.Pp |
.Pp |
The arguments consist of one or more lines of text and macros |
The arguments consist of one or more lines of text and macros |
representing a complete table line. |
representing a complete table line. |
Cells within the line are delimited by tabs or by the special |
Cells within the line are delimited by the special |
.Sx \&Ta |
.Sx \&Ta |
block macro. |
block macro or by literal tab characters. |
|
.Pp |
|
Using literal tabs is strongly discouraged because they are very |
|
hard to use correctly and |
|
.Nm |
|
code using them is very hard to read. |
|
In particular, a blank character is syntactically significant |
|
before and after the literal tab character. |
|
If a word precedes or follows the tab without an intervening blank, |
|
that word is never interpreted as a macro call, but always output |
|
literally. |
|
.Pp |
The tab cell delimiter may only be used within the |
The tab cell delimiter may only be used within the |
.Sx \&It |
.Sx \&It |
line itself; on following lines, only the |
line itself; on following lines, only the |
.Sx \&Ta |
.Sx \&Ta |
macro can be used to delimit cells, and |
macro can be used to delimit cells, and portability requires that |
.Sx \&Ta |
.Sx \&Ta |
is only recognised as a macro when called by other macros, |
is called by other macros: some parsers do not recognize it when |
not as the first macro on a line. |
it appears as the first macro on a line. |
.Pp |
.Pp |
Note that quoted strings may span tab-delimited cells on an |
Note that quoted strings may span tab-delimited cells on an |
.Sx \&It |
.Sx \&It |
line. |
line. |
For example, |
For example, |
.Pp |
.Pp |
.Dl .It \(dqcol1 ; <TAB> col2 ;\(dq \&; |
.Dl .It \(dqcol1 ,\& <TAB> col2 ,\(dq \&; |
.Pp |
.Pp |
will preserve the semicolon whitespace except for the last. |
will preserve the whitespace before both commas, |
|
but not the whitespace before the semicolon. |
.Pp |
.Pp |
See also |
See also |
.Sx \&Bl . |
.Sx \&Bl . |
|
|
See also |
See also |
.Sx \&Mt . |
.Sx \&Mt . |
.Ss \&Lp |
.Ss \&Lp |
Synonym for |
Deprecated synonym for |
.Sx \&Pp . |
.Sx \&Pp . |
.Ss \&Ms |
.Ss \&Ms |
Display a mathematical symbol. |
Display a mathematical symbol. |
|
|
.Dl \&.An Kristaps Dzonsons \&Aq \&Mt kristaps@bsd.lv |
.Dl \&.An Kristaps Dzonsons \&Aq \&Mt kristaps@bsd.lv |
.Ss \&Nd |
.Ss \&Nd |
A one line description of the manual's content. |
A one line description of the manual's content. |
This may only be invoked in the |
This is the mandatory last macro of the |
.Em SYNOPSIS |
.Em NAME |
section subsequent the |
section and not appropriate for other sections. |
.Sx \&Nm |
|
macro. |
|
.Pp |
.Pp |
Examples: |
Examples: |
.Dl Pf . Sx \&Nd mdoc language reference |
.Dl Pf . Sx \&Nd mdoc language reference |
Line 2095 It is suggested to leave it unspecified, in which case |
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Line 2130 It is suggested to leave it unspecified, in which case |
|
.Xr mandoc 1 |
.Xr mandoc 1 |
uses its |
uses its |
.Fl Ios |
.Fl Ios |
argument, or, if that isn't specified either, |
argument or, if that isn't specified either, |
.Fa sysname |
.Fa sysname |
and |
and |
.Fa release |
.Fa release |
|
|
Close parenthesised context opened by |
Close parenthesised context opened by |
.Sx \&Po . |
.Sx \&Po . |
.Ss \&Pf |
.Ss \&Pf |
Removes the space between its argument |
Removes the space between its argument and the following macro. |
.Pq Dq prefix |
|
and the following macro. |
|
Its syntax is as follows: |
Its syntax is as follows: |
.Pp |
.Pp |
.D1 .Pf Ar prefix macro arguments ... |
.D1 .Pf Ar prefix macro arguments ... |
.Pp |
.Pp |
This is equivalent to: |
This is equivalent to: |
.Pp |
.Pp |
.D1 .No Ar prefix No \&Ns Ar macro arguments ... |
.D1 .No \e& Ns Ar prefix No \&Ns Ar macro arguments ... |
.Pp |
.Pp |
|
The |
|
.Ar prefix |
|
argument is not parsed for macro names or delimiters, |
|
but used verbatim as if it were escaped. |
|
.Pp |
Examples: |
Examples: |
.Dl ".Pf $ Ar variable_name" |
.Dl ".Pf $ Ar variable_name" |
|
.Dl ".Pf . Ar macro_name" |
.Dl ".Pf 0x Ar hex_digits" |
.Dl ".Pf 0x Ar hex_digits" |
.Pp |
.Pp |
See also |
See also |
|
|
\&.%A J. D. Ullman |
\&.%A J. D. Ullman |
\&.%B Introduction to Automata Theory, Languages, and Computation |
\&.%B Introduction to Automata Theory, Languages, and Computation |
\&.%I Addison-Wesley |
\&.%I Addison-Wesley |
\&.%C Reading, Massachusettes |
\&.%C Reading, Massachusetts |
\&.%D 1979 |
\&.%D 1979 |
\&.Re |
\&.Re |
.Ed |
.Ed |
Line 2560 The second and last Technical Corrigendum. |
|
Line 2599 The second and last Technical Corrigendum. |
|
.br |
.br |
This standard is also called |
This standard is also called |
X/Open Portability Guide version 7. |
X/Open Portability Guide version 7. |
.Pp |
|
.It \-p1003.1-2013 |
|
.St -p1003.1-2013 |
|
.br |
|
This is the first Technical Corrigendum. |
|
.El |
.El |
.It Other standards |
.It Other standards |
.Pp |
.Pp |
Line 2707 Link to another manual |
|
Line 2741 Link to another manual |
|
.Pq Qq cross-reference . |
.Pq Qq cross-reference . |
Its syntax is as follows: |
Its syntax is as follows: |
.Pp |
.Pp |
.D1 Pf \. Sx \&Xr Ar name Op section |
.D1 Pf \. Sx \&Xr Ar name section |
.Pp |
.Pp |
Cross reference the |
Cross reference the |
.Ar name |
.Ar name |
and |
and |
.Ar section |
.Ar section |
number of another man page; |
number of another man page. |
omitting the section number is rarely useful. |
|
.Pp |
.Pp |
Examples: |
Examples: |
.Dl \&.Xr mandoc 1 |
.Dl \&.Xr mandoc 1 |
.Dl \&.Xr mandoc 1 \&; |
.Dl \&.Xr mandoc 1 \&; |
.Dl \&.Xr mandoc 1 \&Ns s behaviour |
.Dl \&.Xr mandoc 1 \&Ns s behaviour |
.Ss \&br |
|
Emits a line-break. |
|
This macro should not be used; it is implemented for compatibility with |
|
historical manuals. |
|
.Pp |
|
Consider using |
|
.Sx \&Pp |
|
in the event of natural paragraph breaks. |
|
.Ss \&sp |
|
Emits vertical space. |
|
This macro should not be used; it is implemented for compatibility with |
|
historical manuals. |
|
Its syntax is as follows: |
|
.Pp |
|
.D1 Pf \. Sx \&sp Op Ar height |
|
.Pp |
|
The |
|
.Ar height |
|
argument is a scaling width as described in |
|
.Xr roff 7 . |
|
If unspecified, |
|
.Sx \&sp |
|
asserts a single vertical space. |
|
.Sh MACRO SYNTAX |
.Sh MACRO SYNTAX |
The syntax of a macro depends on its classification. |
The syntax of a macro depends on its classification. |
In this section, |
In this section, |
Line 3026 then the macro accepts an arbitrary number of argument |
|
Line 3036 then the macro accepts an arbitrary number of argument |
|
.It Sx \&Ux Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta n |
.It Sx \&Ux Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta n |
.It Sx \&Va Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta n |
.It Sx \&Va Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta n |
.It Sx \&Vt Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta >0 |
.It Sx \&Vt Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta >0 |
.It Sx \&Xr Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta >0 |
.It Sx \&Xr Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta 2 |
.It Sx \&br Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta 0 |
|
.It Sx \&sp Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta 1 |
|
.El |
.El |
.Ss Delimiters |
.Ss Delimiters |
When a macro argument consists of one single input character |
When a macro argument consists of one single input character |
Line 3046 For many macros, when the leading arguments are openin |
|
Line 3054 For many macros, when the leading arguments are openin |
|
these delimiters are put before the macro scope, |
these delimiters are put before the macro scope, |
and when the trailing arguments are closing delimiters, |
and when the trailing arguments are closing delimiters, |
these delimiters are put after the macro scope. |
these delimiters are put after the macro scope. |
|
Spacing is suppressed after opening delimiters |
|
and before closing delimiters. |
For example, |
For example, |
.Pp |
.Pp |
.D1 Pf \. \&Aq "( [ word ] ) ." |
.D1 Pf \. \&Aq "( [ word ] ) ." |
|
|
.D1 Fl a ( b | c \*(Ba d ) e |
.D1 Fl a ( b | c \*(Ba d ) e |
.Pp |
.Pp |
This applies to both opening and closing delimiters, |
This applies to both opening and closing delimiters, |
and also to the middle delimiter: |
and also to the middle delimiter, which does not suppress spacing: |
.Pp |
.Pp |
.Bl -tag -width Ds -offset indent -compact |
.Bl -tag -width Ds -offset indent -compact |
.It \&| |
.It \&| |
Line 3210 but produces large indentations. |
|
Line 3220 but produces large indentations. |
|
.Xr mandoc_char 7 , |
.Xr mandoc_char 7 , |
.Xr roff 7 , |
.Xr roff 7 , |
.Xr tbl 7 |
.Xr tbl 7 |
|
.Pp |
|
The web page |
|
.Lk http://mandoc.bsd.lv/mdoc/ "extended documentation for the mdoc language" |
|
provides a few tutorial-style pages for beginners, an extensive style |
|
guide for advanced authors, and an alphabetic index helping to choose |
|
the best macros for various kinds of content. |
.Sh HISTORY |
.Sh HISTORY |
The |
The |
.Nm |
.Nm |