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Diff for /mandoc/mdoc.7 between version 1.143 and 1.144

version 1.143, 2010/08/06 17:07:11 version 1.144, 2010/08/06 17:09:58
Line 28  language is used to format
Line 28  language is used to format
 .Bx  .Bx
 .Ux  .Ux
 manuals.  manuals.
 In this reference document, we describe its syntax, structure, and  This reference document describes its syntax, structure, and
 usage.  usage.
 Our reference implementation is mandoc; the  The reference implementation is
   .Xr mandoc 1 ;
   the
 .Sx COMPATIBILITY  .Sx COMPATIBILITY
 section describes compatibility with other troff \-mdoc implementations.  section describes compatibility with other troff \-mdoc implementations.
 .Pp  .Pp
Line 61  line.
Line 63  line.
 A macro line with only a control character and comment escape,  A macro line with only a control character and comment escape,
 .Sq \&.\e\*q ,  .Sq \&.\e\*q ,
 is also ignored.  is also ignored.
 Macro lines with only a control character and optionally whitespace are  Macro lines with only a control character and optional whitespace are
 stripped from input.  stripped from input.
 .Ss Reserved Characters  .Ss Reserved Characters
 Within a macro line, the following characters are reserved:  Within a macro line, the following characters are reserved:
Line 107  for two-character sequences; an open-bracket
Line 109  for two-character sequences; an open-bracket
 .Sq \&[  .Sq \&[
 for n-character sequences (terminated at a close-bracket  for n-character sequences (terminated at a close-bracket
 .Sq \&] ) ;  .Sq \&] ) ;
 or a single one-character sequence.  or a single one character sequence.
 See  See
 .Xr mandoc_char 7  .Xr mandoc_char 7
 for a complete list.  for a complete list.
Line 120  and
Line 122  and
 .Ss Text Decoration  .Ss Text Decoration
 Terms may be text-decorated using the  Terms may be text-decorated using the
 .Sq \ef  .Sq \ef
 escape followed by an indicator: B (bold), I, (italic), R (Roman), or P  escape followed by an indicator: B (bold), I (italic), R (Roman), or P
 (revert to previous mode):  (revert to previous mode):
 .Pp  .Pp
 .D1 \efBbold\efR \efIitalic\efP  .D1 \efBbold\efR \efIitalic\efP
Line 172  and
Line 174  and
 .Pq vertical bar .  .Pq vertical bar .
 .Ss Whitespace  .Ss Whitespace
 Whitespace consists of the space character.  Whitespace consists of the space character.
 In free-form lines, whitespace is preserved within a line; un-escaped  In free-form lines, whitespace is preserved within a line; unescaped
 trailing spaces are stripped from input (unless in a literal context).  trailing spaces are stripped from input (unless in a literal context).
 Blank free-form lines, which may include whitespace, are only permitted  Blank free-form lines, which may include whitespace, are only permitted
 within literal contexts.  within literal contexts.
Line 183  If arguments are quoted, whitespace within the quotes 
Line 185  If arguments are quoted, whitespace within the quotes 
 Macro arguments may be quoted with double-quotes to group  Macro arguments may be quoted with double-quotes to group
 space-delimited terms or to retain blocks of whitespace.  space-delimited terms or to retain blocks of whitespace.
 A quoted argument begins with a double-quote preceded by whitespace.  A quoted argument begins with a double-quote preceded by whitespace.
 The next double-quote not pair-wise adjacent to another double-quote  The next double-quote not pairwise adjacent to another double-quote
 terminates the literal, regardless of surrounding whitespace.  terminates the literal, regardless of surrounding whitespace.
 .Pp  .Pp
 Note that any quoted text, even if it would cause a macro invocation  Note that any quoted text, even if it would cause a macro invocation
Line 276  is necessarily non-portable across output media.
Line 278  is necessarily non-portable across output media.
 See  See
 .Sx COMPATIBILITY .  .Sx COMPATIBILITY .
 .Ss Sentence Spacing  .Ss Sentence Spacing
 When composing a manual, make sure that your sentences end at the end of  When composing a manual, make sure that sentences end at the end of
 a line.  a line.
 By doing so, front-ends will be able to apply the proper amount of  By doing so, front-ends will be able to apply the proper amount of
 spacing after the end of sentence (unescaped) period, exclamation mark,  spacing after the end of sentence (unescaped) period, exclamation mark,
Line 288  delimiters (
Line 290  delimiters (
 .Sq \&" ) .  .Sq \&" ) .
 .Pp  .Pp
 The proper spacing is also intelligently preserved if a sentence ends at  The proper spacing is also intelligently preserved if a sentence ends at
 the boundary of a macro line, e.g.,  the boundary of a macro line.
   For example:
 .Pp  .Pp
 .D1 \&Xr mandoc 1 \.  .D1 \&Xr mandoc 1 \.
 .D1 \&Fl T \&Ns \&Cm ascii \.  .D1 \&Fl T \&Ns \&Cm ascii \.
Line 361  utility processes files ...
Line 364  utility processes files ...
 \&.\e\*q .Sh SECURITY CONSIDERATIONS  \&.\e\*q .Sh SECURITY CONSIDERATIONS
 .Ed  .Ed
 .Pp  .Pp
 The sections in a  The sections in an
 .Nm  .Nm
 document are conventionally ordered as they appear above.  document are conventionally ordered as they appear above.
 Sections should be composed as follows:  Sections should be composed as follows:
 .Bl -ohang -offset Ds  .Bl -ohang -offset Ds
 .It Em NAME  .It Em NAME
 The name(s) and a one-line description of the documented material.  The name(s) and a one line description of the documented material.
 The syntax for this as follows:  The syntax for this as follows:
 .Bd -literal -offset indent  .Bd -literal -offset indent
 \&.Nm name0  \&.Nm name0 ,
 \&.Nm name1  \&.Nm name1 ,
 \&.Nm name2  \&.Nm name2
 \&.Nd a one-line description  \&.Nd a one line description
 .Ed  .Ed
 .Pp  .Pp
 The  The
Line 445  section, particularly
Line 448  section, particularly
 and  and
 .Sx \&Ft .  .Sx \&Ft .
 All of these macros are output on their own line.  All of these macros are output on their own line.
 If two such dissimilar macros are pair-wise invoked (except for  If two such dissimilar macros are pairwise invoked (except for
 .Sx \&Ft  .Sx \&Ft
 before  before
 .Sx \&Fo  .Sx \&Fo
Line 471  or
Line 474  or
 .Sx \&Ss  .Sx \&Ss
 macro or the end of an enclosing block, whichever comes first.  macro or the end of an enclosing block, whichever comes first.
 .It Em DESCRIPTION  .It Em DESCRIPTION
 This expands upon the brief, one-line description in  This expands upon the brief, one line description in
 .Em NAME .  .Em NAME .
 It usually contains a break-down of the options (if documenting a  It usually contains a breakdown of the options (if documenting a
 command), such as:  command), such as:
 .Bd -literal -offset indent  .Bd -literal -offset indent
 The arguments are as follows:  The arguments are as follows:
Line 489  Implementation-specific notes should be kept here.
Line 492  Implementation-specific notes should be kept here.
 This is useful when implementing standard functions that may have side  This is useful when implementing standard functions that may have side
 effects or notable algorithmic implications.  effects or notable algorithmic implications.
 .It Em RETURN VALUES  .It Em RETURN VALUES
 This section is the dual of  This section documents the
 .Em EXIT STATUS ,  return values of functions in sections 2, 3, and 9.
 which is used for commands.  
 It documents the return values of functions in sections 2, 3, and 9.  
 .Pp  .Pp
 See  See
 .Sx \&Rv .  .Sx \&Rv .
Line 513  the file is used (created, modified, etc.).
Line 514  the file is used (created, modified, etc.).
 See  See
 .Sx \&Pa .  .Sx \&Pa .
 .It Em EXIT STATUS  .It Em EXIT STATUS
 Command exit status for section 1, 6, and 8 manuals.  This section documents the
 This section is the dual of  command exit status for section 1, 6, and 8 utilities.
 .Em RETURN VALUES ,  
 which is used for functions.  
 Historically, this information was described in  Historically, this information was described in
 .Em DIAGNOSTICS ,  .Em DIAGNOSTICS ,
 a practise that is now discouraged.  a practise that is now discouraged.
Line 526  See
Line 525  See
 .It Em EXAMPLES  .It Em EXAMPLES
 Example usages.  Example usages.
 This often contains snippets of well-formed, well-tested invocations.  This often contains snippets of well-formed, well-tested invocations.
 Make doubly sure that your examples work properly!  Make sure that examples work properly!
 .It Em DIAGNOSTICS  .It Em DIAGNOSTICS
 Documents error conditions.  Documents error conditions.
 This is most useful in section 4 manuals.  This is most useful in section 4 manuals.
Line 769  If a number (or inequality) of arguments is
Line 768  If a number (or inequality) of arguments is
 .Pq n ,  .Pq n ,
 then the macro accepts an arbitrary number of arguments.  then the macro accepts an arbitrary number of arguments.
 .Bd -literal -offset indent  .Bd -literal -offset indent
 \&.Yo \(lB\-arg \(lBval...\(rB\(rB \(lBargs...\(rB \(lbres...\(rb  \&.Yo \(lB\-arg \(lBval...\(rB\(rB \(lBargs...\(rB \(lBres...\(rB
   
 \&.Yo \(lB\-arg \(lBval...\(rB\(rB \(lBargs...\(rB Yc...  \&.Yo \(lB\-arg \(lBval...\(rB\(rB \(lBargs...\(rB Yc...
   
Line 1159  and
Line 1158  and
 argument are equivalent, as are  argument are equivalent, as are
 .Fl symbolic  .Fl symbolic
 and  and
 .Cm \&Sy,  .Cm \&Sy ,
 and  and
 .Fl literal  .Fl literal
 and  and
Line 1393  and
Line 1392  and
 .Sx \&Ux .  .Sx \&Ux .
 .Ss \&Bt  .Ss \&Bt
 Prints  Prints
 .Dq is currently in beta test.  .Dq is currently in beta test .
 .Ss \&Bx  .Ss \&Bx
 Format the BSD version provided as an argument, or a default value if no  Format the BSD version provided as an argument, or a default value if no
 argument is provided.  argument is provided.
Line 1925  See also
Line 1924  See also
 and  and
 .Sx \&Fo .  .Sx \&Fo .
 .Ss \&Fx  .Ss \&Fx
 Format the FreeBSD version provided as an argument, or a default value  Format the
   .Fx
   version provided as an argument, or a default value
 if no argument is provided.  if no argument is provided.
 .Pp  .Pp
 Examples:  Examples:
Line 1954  Examples:
Line 1955  Examples:
 .D1 \&.Ic alias  .D1 \&.Ic alias
 .Pp  .Pp
 Note that using  Note that using
 .Sx \&Bd No Fl literal  .Sx \&Bd Fl literal
 or  or
 .Sx \&D1  .Sx \&D1
 is preferred for displaying code; the  is preferred for displaying code; the
Line 2126  Its syntax is as follows:
Line 2127  Its syntax is as follows:
 Examples:  Examples:
 .D1 \&.Mt discuss@manpages.bsd.lv  .D1 \&.Mt discuss@manpages.bsd.lv
 .Ss \&Nd  .Ss \&Nd
 A one-line description of the manual's content.  A one line description of the manual's content.
 This may only be invoked in the  This may only be invoked in the
 .Em SYNOPSIS  .Em SYNOPSIS
 section subsequent the  section subsequent the
Line 2206  See also
Line 2207  See also
 and  and
 .Sx \&Sm .  .Sx \&Sm .
 .Ss \&Nx  .Ss \&Nx
 Format the NetBSD version provided as an argument, or a default value if  Format the
   .Nx
   version provided as an argument, or a default value if
 no argument is provided.  no argument is provided.
 .Pp  .Pp
 Examples:  Examples:
Line 2278  Unknown usage.
Line 2281  Unknown usage.
 .Em Remarks :  .Em Remarks :
 this macro has been deprecated.  this macro has been deprecated.
 .Ss \&Ox  .Ss \&Ox
 Format the OpenBSD version provided as an argument, or a default value  Format the
   .Ox
   version provided as an argument, or a default value
 if no argument is provided.  if no argument is provided.
 .Pp  .Pp
 Examples:  Examples:
Line 2598  Examples:
Line 2603  Examples:
 .D1 \&.Tn IBM  .D1 \&.Tn IBM
 .Ss \&Ud  .Ss \&Ud
 Prints out  Prints out
 .Dq currently under development.  .Dq currently under development .
 .Ss \&Ux  .Ss \&Ux
 Format the UNIX name.  Format the UNIX name.
 Accepts no argument.  Accepts no argument.
Line 2798  Furthermore, the
Line 2803  Furthermore, the
 .Sq f  .Sq f
 scaling unit, while accepted, is rendered as the default unit.  scaling unit, while accepted, is rendered as the default unit.
 .It  .It
 In quoted literals, groff allowed pair-wise double-quotes to produce a  In quoted literals, groff allowed pairwise double-quotes to produce a
 standalone double-quote in formatted output.  standalone double-quote in formatted output.
 This idiosyncratic behaviour is not applicable in mandoc.  This idiosyncratic behaviour is not applicable in mandoc.
 .It  .It
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