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Diff for /mandoc/mdoc.7 between version 1.194 and 1.199

version 1.194, 2011/08/01 07:45:11 version 1.199, 2011/08/16 23:44:58
Line 65  A macro line with only a control character and comment
Line 65  A macro line with only a control character and comment
 is also ignored.  is also ignored.
 Macro lines with only a control character and optional whitespace are  Macro lines with only a control character and optional whitespace are
 stripped from input.  stripped from input.
 .Ss Reserved Terms  
 Within a macro line, the following terms are reserved:  
 .Pp  
 .Bl -tag -width Ds -offset indent -compact  
 .It \&.  
 .Pq period  
 .It \e.  
 .Pq escaped period  
 .It \&,  
 .Pq comma  
 .It \&:  
 .Pq colon  
 .It \&;  
 .Pq semicolon  
 .It \&(  
 .Pq left-parenthesis  
 .It \&)  
 .Pq right-parenthesis  
 .It \&[  
 .Pq left-bracket  
 .It \&]  
 .Pq right-bracket  
 .It \&?  
 .Pq question  
 .It \&!  
 .Pq exclamation  
 .It \&|  
 .Pq vertical bar  
 .It \e*(Ba  
 .Pq reserved-word vertical bar  
 .El  
 .Pp  
 For general use in macro lines, these can be escaped with a non-breaking  
 space  
 .Pq Sq \e& .  
 In text lines, these may be used as normal punctuation.  
 .Ss Special Characters  .Ss Special Characters
 Special characters may occur in both macro and text lines.  Special characters may occur in both macro and text lines.
 Sequences begin with the escape character  Sequences begin with the escape character
Line 507  Print verbose information.
Line 471  Print verbose information.
 .Ed  .Ed
 .Pp  .Pp
 Manuals not documenting a command won't include the above fragment.  Manuals not documenting a command won't include the above fragment.
   .Pp
   Since the
   .Em DESCRIPTION
   section usually contains most of the text of a manual, longer manuals
   often use the
   .Sx \&Ss
   macro to form subsections.
   In very long manuals, the
   .Em DESCRIPTION
   may be split into multiple sections, each started by an
   .Sx \&Sh
   macro followed by a non-standard section name, and each having
   several subsections, like in the present
   .Nm
   manual.
 .It Em IMPLEMENTATION NOTES  .It Em IMPLEMENTATION NOTES
 Implementation-specific notes should be kept here.  Implementation-specific notes should be kept here.
 This is useful when implementing standard functions that may have side  This is useful when implementing standard functions that may have side
Line 568  This section should exist for most manuals.
Line 547  This section should exist for most manuals.
 Cross-references should conventionally be ordered first by section, then  Cross-references should conventionally be ordered first by section, then
 alphabetically.  alphabetically.
 .Pp  .Pp
   References to other documentation concerning the topic of the manual page,
   for example authoritative books or journal articles, may also be
   provided in this section.
   .Pp
 See  See
   .Sx \&Rs
   and
 .Sx \&Xr .  .Sx \&Xr .
 .It Em STANDARDS  .It Em STANDARDS
 References any standards implemented or used.  References any standards implemented or used.
Line 579  section should be used instead.
Line 564  section should be used instead.
 See  See
 .Sx \&St .  .Sx \&St .
 .It Em HISTORY  .It Em HISTORY
 A brief history of the subject, including where support first appeared.  A brief history of the subject, including where it was first implemented,
   and when it was ported to or reimplemented for the operating system at hand.
 .It Em AUTHORS  .It Em AUTHORS
 Credits to the person or persons who wrote the code and/or documentation.  Credits to the person or persons who wrote the code and/or documentation.
 Authors should generally be noted by both name and email address.  Authors should generally be noted by both name and email address.
Line 628  For example,
Line 614  For example,
 produces  produces
 .Sq Op Fl O Ar file .  .Sq Op Fl O Ar file .
 To prevent a macro call and render the macro name literally,  To prevent a macro call and render the macro name literally,
 escape it by prepending a non-breaking space,  escape it by prepending a zero-width space,
 .Sq \e& .  .Sq \e& .
 For example,  For example,
 .Sq \&Op \e&Fl O  .Sq \&Op \e&Fl O
Line 700  has multiple heads.
Line 686  has multiple heads.
 .Pp  .Pp
 .Bl -column -compact -offset indent "MacroX" "CallableX" "ParsedX" "closed by XXXXXXXXXXX"  .Bl -column -compact -offset indent "MacroX" "CallableX" "ParsedX" "closed by XXXXXXXXXXX"
 .It Em Macro Ta Em Callable Ta Em Parsed Ta Em Scope  .It Em Macro Ta Em Callable Ta Em Parsed Ta Em Scope
 .It Sx \&It  Ta    \&No     Ta    Yes      Ta    closed by Sx \&It , Sx \&El  .It Sx \&It Ta \&No Ta Yes  Ta closed by Sx \&It , Sx \&El
 .It Sx \&Nd  Ta    \&No     Ta    \&No     Ta    closed by Sx \&Sh  .It Sx \&Nd Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta closed by Sx \&Sh
 .It Sx \&Nm  Ta    \&No     Ta  Yes Ta closed by Sx \&Nm , Sx \&Sh , Sx \&Ss  .It Sx \&Nm Ta \&No Ta Yes  Ta closed by Sx \&Nm , Sx \&Sh , Sx \&Ss
 .It Sx \&Sh  Ta    \&No     Ta    \&No     Ta    closed by Sx \&Sh  .It Sx \&Sh Ta \&No Ta Yes  Ta closed by Sx \&Sh
 .It Sx \&Ss  Ta    \&No     Ta    \&No     Ta    closed by Sx \&Sh , Sx \&Ss  .It Sx \&Ss Ta \&No Ta Yes  Ta closed by Sx \&Sh , Sx \&Ss
 .El  .El
 .Pp  .Pp
 Note that the  Note that the
Line 762  and/or tail
Line 748  and/or tail
 .It Sx \&Xo  Ta    Yes      Ta    Yes      Ta    closed by Sx \&Xc  .It Sx \&Xo  Ta    Yes      Ta    Yes      Ta    closed by Sx \&Xc
 .El  .El
 .Ss Block partial-implicit  .Ss Block partial-implicit
 Like block full-implicit, but with single-line scope closed by  Like block full-implicit, but with single-line scope closed by the
 .Sx Reserved Terms  end of the line.
 or end of line.  
 .Bd -literal -offset indent  .Bd -literal -offset indent
 \&.Yo \(lB\-arg \(lBval...\(rB\(rB \(lBbody...\(rB \(lBres...\(rB  \&.Yo \(lB\-arg \(lBval...\(rB\(rB \(lBbody...\(rB \(lBres...\(rB
 .Ed  .Ed
Line 810  these blocks have bodies, but no heads.
Line 795  these blocks have bodies, but no heads.
 .It Sx \&Ta  Ta    Yes      Ta    Yes    Ta closed by Sx \&Ta , Sx \&It  .It Sx \&Ta  Ta    Yes      Ta    Yes    Ta closed by Sx \&Ta , Sx \&It
 .El  .El
 .Ss In-line  .Ss In-line
 Closed by  Closed by the end of the line, fixed argument lengths,
 .Sx Reserved Terms ,  and/or subsequent macros.
 end of line, fixed argument lengths, and/or subsequent macros.  
 In-line macros have only text children.  In-line macros have only text children.
 If a number (or inequality) of arguments is  If a number (or inequality) of arguments is
 .Pq n ,  .Pq n ,
Line 902  then the macro accepts an arbitrary number of argument
Line 886  then the macro accepts an arbitrary number of argument
 .It Sx \&br  Ta    \&No     Ta    \&No     Ta    0  .It Sx \&br  Ta    \&No     Ta    \&No     Ta    0
 .It Sx \&sp  Ta    \&No     Ta    \&No     Ta    1  .It Sx \&sp  Ta    \&No     Ta    \&No     Ta    1
 .El  .El
   .Ss Delimiters
   When a macro argument consists of one single input character
   considered as a delimiter, the argument gets special handling.
   This does not apply when delimiters appear in arguments containing
   more than one character.
   Consequently, to prevent special handling and just handle it
   like any other argument, a delimiter can be escaped by prepending
   a zero-width space
   .Pq Sq \e& .
   In text lines, delimiters never need escaping, but may be used
   as normal punctuation.
   .Pp
   For many macros, when the leading arguments are opening delimiters,
   these delimiters are put before the macro scope,
   and when the trailing arguments are closing delimiters,
   these delimiters are put after the macro scope.
   For example,
   .Pp
   .D1 Pf \. \&Aq "( [ word ] ) ."
   .Pp
   renders as:
   .Pp
   .D1 Aq ( [ word ] ) .
   .Pp
   Opening delimiters are:
   .Pp
   .Bl -tag -width Ds -offset indent -compact
   .It \&(
   left parenthesis
   .It \&[
   left bracket
   .El
   .Pp
   Closing delimiters are:
   .Pp
   .Bl -tag -width Ds -offset indent -compact
   .It \&.
   period
   .It \&,
   comma
   .It \&:
   colon
   .It \&;
   semicolon
   .It \&)
   right parenthesis
   .It \&]
   right bracket
   .It \&?
   question mark
   .It \&!
   exclamation mark
   .El
   .Pp
   Note that even a period preceded by a backslash
   .Pq Sq \e.\&
   gets this special handling; use
   .Sq \e&.
   to prevent that.
   .Pp
   Many in-line macros interrupt their scope when they encounter
   delimiters, and resume their scope when more arguments follow that
   are not delimiters.
   For example,
   .Pp
   .D1 Pf \. \&Fl "a ( b | c \e*(Ba d ) e"
   .Pp
   renders as:
   .Pp
   .D1 Fl a ( b | c \*(Ba d ) e
   .Pp
   This applies to both opening and closing delimiters,
   and also to the middle delimiter:
   .Pp
   .Bl -tag -width Ds -offset indent -compact
   .It \&|
   vertical bar
   .El
   .Pp
   As a special case, the predefined string \e*(Ba is handled and rendered
   in the same way as a plain
   .Sq \&|
   character.
   Using this predefined string is not recommended in new manuals.
 .Sh REFERENCE  .Sh REFERENCE
 This section is a canonical reference of all macros, arranged  This section is a canonical reference of all macros, arranged
 alphabetically.  alphabetically.
Line 991  Examples:
Line 1059  Examples:
 .Dl \&.Ad 0x00000000  .Dl \&.Ad 0x00000000
 .Ss \&An  .Ss \&An
 Author name.  Author name.
   Can be used both for the authors of the program, function, or driver
   documented in the manual, or for the authors of the manual itself.
 Requires either the name of an author or one of the following arguments:  Requires either the name of an author or one of the following arguments:
 .Pp  .Pp
 .Bl -tag -width "-nosplitX" -offset indent -compact  .Bl -tag -width "-nosplitX" -offset indent -compact
Line 1061  If an argument is not provided, the string
Line 1131  If an argument is not provided, the string
 is used as a default.  is used as a default.
 .Pp  .Pp
 Examples:  Examples:
 .Dl \&.Fl o \&Ns \&Ar file1  .Dl ".Fl o Ar file"
 .Dl \&.Ar  .Dl ".Ar"
 .Dl \&.Ar arg1 , arg2 .  .Dl ".Ar arg1 , arg2 ."
   .Pp
   The arguments to the
   .Sx \&Ar
   macro are names and placeholders for command arguments;
   for fixed strings to be passed verbatim as arguments, use
   .Sx \&Fl
   or
   .Sx \&Cm .
 .Ss \&At  .Ss \&At
 Formats an AT&T version.  Formats an AT&T version.
 Accepts one optional argument:  Accepts one optional argument:
Line 1120  The
Line 1198  The
 must be one of the following:  must be one of the following:
 .Bl -tag -width 13n -offset indent  .Bl -tag -width 13n -offset indent
 .It Fl centered  .It Fl centered
 Centre-justify each line.  Produce one output line from each input line, and centre-justify each line.
 Using this display type is not recommended; many  Using this display type is not recommended; many
 .Nm  .Nm
 implementations render it poorly.  implementations render it poorly.
 .It Fl filled  .It Fl filled
 Left- and right-justify the block.  Change the positions of line breaks to fill each line, and left- and
   right-justify the resulting block.
 .It Fl literal  .It Fl literal
 Do not justify the block at all.  Produce one output line from each input line,
   and do not justify the block at all.
 Preserve white space as it appears in the input.  Preserve white space as it appears in the input.
   Always use a constant-width font.
   Use this for displaying source code.
 .It Fl ragged  .It Fl ragged
 Only left-justify the block.  Change the positions of line breaks to fill each line, and left-justify
   the resulting block.
 .It Fl unfilled  .It Fl unfilled
 An alias for  The same as
 .Fl literal .  .Fl literal ,
   but using the same font as for normal text, which is a variable width font
   if supported by the output device.
 .El  .El
 .Pp  .Pp
 The  The
Line 1149  which may be one of the following:
Line 1234  which may be one of the following:
 .It  .It
 One of the pre-defined strings  One of the pre-defined strings
 .Cm indent ,  .Cm indent ,
 the width of standard indentation;  the width of a standard indentation (six constant width characters);
 .Cm indent-two ,  .Cm indent-two ,
 twice  twice
 .Cm indent ;  .Cm indent ;
Line 1326  except that dashes are used in place of bullets.
Line 1411  except that dashes are used in place of bullets.
 Like  Like
 .Fl inset ,  .Fl inset ,
 except that item heads are not parsed for macro invocations.  except that item heads are not parsed for macro invocations.
 .\" but with additional formatting to the head.  Most often used in the
   .Em DIAGNOSTICS
   section with error constants in the item heads.
 .It Fl enum  .It Fl enum
 A numbered list.  A numbered list.
   No item heads can be specified.
 Formatted like  Formatted like
 .Fl bullet ,  .Fl bullet ,
 except that cardinal numbers are used in place of bullets,  except that cardinal numbers are used in place of bullets,
Line 1368  this head on the same output line.
Line 1456  this head on the same output line.
 Otherwise, the body starts on the output line following the head.  Otherwise, the body starts on the output line following the head.
 .El  .El
 .Pp  .Pp
   Lists may be nested within lists and displays.
   Nesting of
   .Fl column
   and
   .Fl enum
   lists may not be portable.
   .Pp
 See also  See also
 .Sx \&El  .Sx \&El
 and  and
Line 1444  and
Line 1539  and
 .Sx \&Ux .  .Sx \&Ux .
 .Ss \&Bt  .Ss \&Bt
 Prints  Prints
 .Dq is currently in beta test .  .Dq is currently in beta test.
 .Ss \&Bx  .Ss \&Bx
 Format the BSD version provided as an argument, or a default value if no  Format the BSD version provided as an argument, or a default value if no
 argument is provided.  argument is provided.
 .Pp  .Pp
 Examples:  Examples:
   .Dl \&.Bx 4.3 Tahoe
 .Dl \&.Bx 4.4  .Dl \&.Bx 4.4
 .Dl \&.Bx  .Dl \&.Bx
 .Pp  .Pp
Line 1466  and
Line 1562  and
 Kernel configuration declaration.  Kernel configuration declaration.
 This denotes strings accepted by  This denotes strings accepted by
 .Xr config 8 .  .Xr config 8 .
   It is most often used in section 4 manual pages.
 .Pp  .Pp
 Examples:  Examples:
 .Dl \&.Cd device le0 at scode?  .Dl \&.Cd device le0 at scode?
Line 1478  declarations.
Line 1575  declarations.
 This practise is discouraged.  This practise is discouraged.
 .Ss \&Cm  .Ss \&Cm
 Command modifiers.  Command modifiers.
 Useful when specifying configuration options or keys.  Typically used for fixed strings passed as arguments, unless
   .Sx \&Fl
   is more appropriate.
   Also useful when specifying configuration options or keys.
 .Pp  .Pp
 Examples:  Examples:
 .Dl \&.Cm ControlPath  .Dl ".Nm mt Fl f Ar device Cm rewind"
 .Dl \&.Cm ControlMaster  .Dl ".Nm ps Fl o Cm pid , Ns Cm command"
 .Pp  .Dl ".Nm dd Cm if= Ns Ar file1 Cm of= Ns Ar file2"
 See also  .Dl ".Cm IdentityFile Pa ~/.ssh/id_rsa"
 .Sx \&Fl .  .Dl ".Cm LogLevel Dv DEBUG"
 .Ss \&D1  .Ss \&D1
 One-line indented display.  One-line indented display.
 This is formatted by the default rules and is useful for simple indented  This is formatted by the default rules and is useful for simple indented
Line 1805  See also
Line 1905  See also
 and  and
 .Sx \&It .  .Sx \&It .
 .Ss \&Em  .Ss \&Em
 Denotes text that should be emphasised.  Denotes text that should be
   .Em emphasised .
 Note that this is a presentation term and should not be used for  Note that this is a presentation term and should not be used for
 stylistically decorating technical terms.  stylistically decorating technical terms.
   Depending on the output device, this is usually represented
   using an italic font or underlined characters.
 .Pp  .Pp
 Examples:  Examples:
 .Dl \&.Em Warnings!  .Dl \&.Em Warnings!
Line 1815  Examples:
Line 1918  Examples:
 .Pp  .Pp
 See also  See also
 .Sx \&Bf ,  .Sx \&Bf ,
 .Sx \&Sy ,  .Sx \&Li ,
   .Sx \&No ,
 and  and
 .Sx \&Li .  .Sx \&Sy .
 .Ss \&En  .Ss \&En
 This macro is obsolete and not implemented in  This macro is obsolete and not implemented in
 .Xr mandoc 1 .  .Xr mandoc 1 .
Line 1836  will emulate
Line 1940  will emulate
 Error constants for definitions of the  Error constants for definitions of the
 .Va errno  .Va errno
 libc global variable.  libc global variable.
   This is most often used in section 2 and 3 manual pages.
 .Pp  .Pp
 Examples:  Examples:
 .Dl \&.Er EPERM  .Dl \&.Er EPERM
Line 1860  for general constants.
Line 1965  for general constants.
 .Ss \&Ex  .Ss \&Ex
 Insert a standard sentence regarding command exit values of 0 on success  Insert a standard sentence regarding command exit values of 0 on success
 and >0 on failure.  and >0 on failure.
   This is most often used in section 1, 6, and 8 manual pages.
 Its syntax is as follows:  Its syntax is as follows:
 .Pp  .Pp
 .D1 Pf \. Sx \&Ex Fl std Op Ar utility ...  .D1 Pf \. Sx \&Ex Fl std Op Ar utility ...
Line 1920  See also
Line 2026  See also
 and  and
 .Sx \&In .  .Sx \&In .
 .Ss \&Fl  .Ss \&Fl
 Command-line flag.  Command-line flag or option.
 Used when listing arguments to command-line utilities.  Used when listing arguments to command-line utilities.
 Prints a fixed-width hyphen  Prints a fixed-width hyphen
 .Sq \-  .Sq \-
Line 1930  If the argument is a macro, a hyphen is prefixed to th
Line 2036  If the argument is a macro, a hyphen is prefixed to th
 output.  output.
 .Pp  .Pp
 Examples:  Examples:
 .Dl \&.Fl a b c  .Dl ".Fl R Op Fl H | L | P"
 .Dl \&.Fl \&Pf a b  .Dl ".Op Fl 1AaCcdFfgHhikLlmnopqRrSsTtux"
 .Dl \&.Fl  .Dl ".Fl type Cm d Fl name Pa CVS"
 .Dl \&.Op \&Fl o \&Ns \&Ar file  .Dl ".Fl Ar signal_number"
   .Dl ".Fl o Fl"
 .Pp  .Pp
 See also  See also
 .Sx \&Cm .  .Sx \&Cm .
Line 1950  Its syntax is as follows:
Line 2057  Its syntax is as follows:
 Function arguments are surrounded in parenthesis and  Function arguments are surrounded in parenthesis and
 are delimited by commas.  are delimited by commas.
 If no arguments are specified, blank parenthesis are output.  If no arguments are specified, blank parenthesis are output.
   In the
   .Em SYNOPSIS
   section, this macro starts a new output line,
   and a blank line is automatically inserted between function definitions.
 .Pp  .Pp
 Examples:  Examples:
 .Dl \&.Fn \*qint funcname\*q \*qint arg0\*q \*qint arg1\*q  .Dl \&.Fn \*qint funcname\*q \*qint arg0\*q \*qint arg1\*q
 .Dl \&.Fn funcname \*qint arg0\*q  .Dl \&.Fn funcname \*qint arg0\*q
 .Dl \&.Fn funcname arg0  .Dl \&.Fn funcname arg0
   .Pp
 .Bd -literal -offset indent -compact  .Bd -literal -offset indent -compact
 \&.Ft functype  \&.Ft functype
 \&.Fn funcname  \&.Fn funcname
Line 1964  When referring to a function documented in another man
Line 2076  When referring to a function documented in another man
 .Sx \&Xr  .Sx \&Xr
 instead.  instead.
 See also  See also
 .Sx MANUAL STRUCTURE  .Sx MANUAL STRUCTURE ,
   .Sx \&Fo ,
 and  and
 .Sx \&Ft .  .Sx \&Ft .
 .Ss \&Fo  .Ss \&Fo
Line 1991  Invocations usually occur in the following context:
Line 2104  Invocations usually occur in the following context:
 A  A
 .Sx \&Fo  .Sx \&Fo
 scope is closed by  scope is closed by
   .Sx \&Fc .
 .Pp  .Pp
 See also  See also
 .Sx MANUAL STRUCTURE ,  .Sx MANUAL STRUCTURE ,
Line 1999  See also
Line 2113  See also
 and  and
 .Sx \&Ft .  .Sx \&Ft .
 .Ss \&Fr  .Ss \&Fr
 This macro is obsolete and not implemented.  This macro is obsolete and not implemented in
   .Xr mandoc 1 .
   .Pp
   It was used to show function return values.
   The syntax was:
   .Pp
   .Dl Pf . Sx \&Fr Ar value
 .Ss \&Ft  .Ss \&Ft
 A function type.  A function type.
 Its syntax is as follows:  Its syntax is as follows:
 .Pp  .Pp
 .D1 Pf \. Sx \&Ft Ar functype  .D1 Pf \. Sx \&Ft Ar functype
 .Pp  .Pp
   In the
   .Em SYNOPSIS
   section, a new output line is started after this macro.
   .Pp
 Examples:  Examples:
 .Dl \&.Ft int  .Dl \&.Ft int
 .Bd -literal -offset indent -compact  .Bd -literal -offset indent -compact
Line 2038  See also
Line 2162  See also
 and  and
 .Sx \&Ux .  .Sx \&Ux .
 .Ss \&Hf  .Ss \&Hf
 This macro is obsolete and not implemented.  This macro is not implemented in
   .Xr mandoc 1 .
   .Pp
   It was used to include the contents of a (header) file literally.
   The syntax was:
   .Pp
   .Dl Pf . Sx \&Hf Ar filename
 .Ss \&Ic  .Ss \&Ic
 Designate an internal or interactive command.  Designate an internal or interactive command.
 This is similar to  This is similar to
Line 2046  This is similar to
Line 2176  This is similar to
 but used for instructions rather than values.  but used for instructions rather than values.
 .Pp  .Pp
 Examples:  Examples:
   .Dl \&.Ic :wq
 .Dl \&.Ic hash  .Dl \&.Ic hash
 .Dl \&.Ic alias  .Dl \&.Ic alias
 .Pp  .Pp
Line 2060  macro is used when referring to specific instructions.
Line 2191  macro is used when referring to specific instructions.
 An  An
 .Dq include  .Dq include
 file.  file.
 In the  When invoked as the first macro on an input line in the
 .Em SYNOPSIS  .Em SYNOPSIS
 section (only if invoked as the line macro), the first argument is  section, the argument is displayed in angle brackets
 preceded by  and preceded by
 .Dq #include ,  .Dq #include ,
 the arguments is enclosed in angle brackets.  and a blank line is inserted in front if there is a preceding
   function declaration.
   This is most often used in section 2, 3, and 9 manual pages.
 .Pp  .Pp
 Examples:  Examples:
 .Dl \&.In sys/types  .Dl \&.In sys/types.h
 .Pp  .Pp
 See also  See also
 .Sx MANUAL STRUCTURE .  .Sx MANUAL STRUCTURE .
Line 2174  Examples:
Line 2307  Examples:
 .Dl \&.Lb libz  .Dl \&.Lb libz
 .Dl \&.Lb mdoc  .Dl \&.Lb mdoc
 .Ss \&Li  .Ss \&Li
 Denotes text that should be in a literal font mode.  Denotes text that should be in a
   .Li literal
   font mode.
 Note that this is a presentation term and should not be used for  Note that this is a presentation term and should not be used for
 stylistically decorating technical terms.  stylistically decorating technical terms.
 .Pp  .Pp
   On terminal output devices, this is often indistinguishable from
   normal text.
   .Pp
 See also  See also
 .Sx \&Bf ,  .Sx \&Bf ,
 .Sx \&Sy ,  .Sx \&Em ,
   .Sx \&No ,
 and  and
 .Sx \&Em .  .Sx \&Sy .
 .Ss \&Lk  .Ss \&Lk
 Format a hyperlink.  Format a hyperlink.
 Its syntax is as follows:  Its syntax is as follows:
Line 2226  section subsequent the
Line 2365  section subsequent the
 macro.  macro.
 .Pp  .Pp
 Examples:  Examples:
 .Dl \&.Sx \&Nd mdoc language reference  .Dl Pf . Sx \&Nd mdoc language reference
 .Dl \&.Sx \&Nd format and display UNIX manuals  .Dl Pf . Sx \&Nd format and display UNIX manuals
 .Pp  .Pp
 The  The
 .Sx \&Nd  .Sx \&Nd
Line 2279  macro rather than
Line 2418  macro rather than
 .Sx \&Nm  .Sx \&Nm
 to mark up the name of the manual page.  to mark up the name of the manual page.
 .Ss \&No  .Ss \&No
 A  Normal text.
 .Dq noop  Closes the scope of any preceding in-line macro.
 macro used to terminate prior macro contexts.  When used after physical formatting macros like
   .Sx \&Em
   or
   .Sx \&Sy ,
   switches back to the standard font face and weight.
   Can also be used to embed plain text strings in macro lines
   using semantic annotation macros.
 .Pp  .Pp
 Examples:  Examples:
 .Dl \&.Sx \&Fl ab \&No cd \&Fl ef  .Dl ".Em italic , Sy bold , No and roman"
   .Pp
   .Bd -literal -offset indent -compact
   \&.Sm off
   \&.Cm :C No / Ar pattern No / Ar replacement No /
   \&.Sm on
   .Ed
   .Pp
   See also
   .Sx \&Em ,
   .Sx \&Li ,
   and
   .Sx \&Sy .
 .Ss \&Ns  .Ss \&Ns
 Suppress a space.  Suppress a space between the output of the preceding macro
 Following invocation, text is interpreted as free-form text until a  and the following text or macro.
 macro is encountered.  Following invocation, input is interpreted as normal text
   just like after an
   .Sx \&No
   macro.
 .Pp  .Pp
 This has no effect when invoked at the start of a macro line.  This has no effect when invoked at the start of a macro line.
 .Pp  .Pp
 Examples:  Examples:
 .Dl \&.Fl o \&Ns \&Ar output  .Dl ".Ar name Ns = Ns Ar value"
   .Dl ".Cm :M Ns Ar pattern"
   .Dl ".Fl o Ns Ar output"
 .Pp  .Pp
 See also  See also
 .Sx \&No  .Sx \&No
Line 2333  Examples:
Line 2495  Examples:
 \&.Oc  \&.Oc
 .Ed  .Ed
 .Ss \&Op  .Ss \&Op
 Command-line option.  Optional part of a command line.
 Used when listing options to command-line utilities.  
 Prints the argument(s) in brackets.  Prints the argument(s) in brackets.
   This is most often used in the
   .Em SYNOPSIS
   section of section 1 and 8 manual pages.
 .Pp  .Pp
 Examples:  Examples:
 .Dl \&.Op \&Fl a \&Ar b  .Dl \&.Op \&Fl a \&Ar b
Line 2369  See also
Line 2533  See also
 and  and
 .Sx \&Dt .  .Sx \&Dt .
 .Ss \&Ot  .Ss \&Ot
 Unknown usage.  This macro is obsolete and not implemented in
   .Xr mandoc 1 .
 .Pp  .Pp
 .Em Remarks :  Historical
 this macro has been deprecated.  .Xr mdoc 7
   packages described it as
   .Dq "old function type (FORTRAN)" .
 .Ss \&Ox  .Ss \&Ox
 Format the  Format the
 .Ox  .Ox
Line 2393  See also
Line 2560  See also
 and  and
 .Sx \&Ux .  .Sx \&Ux .
 .Ss \&Pa  .Ss \&Pa
 A file-system path.  An absolute or relative file system path, or a file or directory name.
 If an argument is not provided, the string  If an argument is not provided, the character
 .Dq \(ti  .Sq \(ti
 is used as a default.  is used as a default.
 .Pp  .Pp
 Examples:  Examples:
Line 2408  See also
Line 2575  See also
 Close parenthesised context opened by  Close parenthesised context opened by
 .Sx \&Po .  .Sx \&Po .
 .Ss \&Pf  .Ss \&Pf
 Removes the space  Removes the space between its argument
 .Pq Dq prefix  .Pq Dq prefix
 between its arguments.  and the following macro.
 Its syntax is as follows:  Its syntax is as follows:
 .Pp  .Pp
 .D1 Pf \. \&Pf Ar prefix suffix  .D1 .Pf Ar prefix macro arguments ...
 .Pp  .Pp
 The  This is equivalent to:
 .Ar suffix  
 argument may be a macro.  
 .Pp  .Pp
   .D1 .No Ar prefix No \&Ns Ar macro arguments ...
   .Pp
 Examples:  Examples:
 .Dl \&.Pf \e. \&Sx \&Pf \&Ar prefix suffix  .Dl ".Pf $ Ar variable_name"
   .Dl ".Pf 0x Ar hex_digits"
   .Pp
   See also
   .Sx \&Ns
   and
   .Sx \&Sm .
 .Ss \&Po  .Ss \&Po
 Multi-line version of  Multi-line version of
 .Sx \&Pq .  .Sx \&Pq .
Line 2428  Multi-line version of
Line 2601  Multi-line version of
 Break a paragraph.  Break a paragraph.
 This will assert vertical space between prior and subsequent macros  This will assert vertical space between prior and subsequent macros
 and/or text.  and/or text.
   .Pp
   Paragraph breaks are not needed before or after
   .Sx \&Sh
   or
   .Sx \&Ss
   macros or before displays
   .Pq Sx \&Bd
   or lists
   .Pq Sx \&Bl
   unless the
   .Fl compact
   flag is given.
 .Ss \&Pq  .Ss \&Pq
 Parenthesised enclosure.  Parenthesised enclosure.
 .Pp  .Pp
Line 2447  Multi-line version of
Line 2632  Multi-line version of
 .Sx \&Qq .  .Sx \&Qq .
 .Ss \&Qq  .Ss \&Qq
 Encloses its arguments in  Encloses its arguments in
 .Dq typewriter  .Qq typewriter
 double-quotes.  double-quotes.
 Consider using  Consider using
 .Sx \&Dq .  .Sx \&Dq .
Line 2534  custom sections be used.
Line 2719  custom sections be used.
 .Pp  .Pp
 Section names should be unique so that they may be keyed by  Section names should be unique so that they may be keyed by
 .Sx \&Sx .  .Sx \&Sx .
   Although this macro is parsed, it should not consist of child node or it
   may not be linked with
   .Sx \&Sx .
 .Pp  .Pp
 See also  See also
 .Sx \&Pp ,  .Sx \&Pp ,
Line 2558  Multi-line version of
Line 2746  Multi-line version of
 .Sx \&Sq .  .Sx \&Sq .
 .Ss \&Sq  .Ss \&Sq
 Encloses its arguments in  Encloses its arguments in
 .Dq typewriter  .Sq typewriter
 single-quotes.  single-quotes.
 .Pp  .Pp
 See also  See also
Line 2567  See also
Line 2755  See also
 and  and
 .Sx \&So .  .Sx \&So .
 .Ss \&Ss  .Ss \&Ss
 Begin a new sub-section.  Begin a new subsection.
 Unlike with  Unlike with
 .Sx \&Sh ,  .Sx \&Sh ,
 there's no convention for sub-sections.  there is no convention for the naming of subsections.
 Conventional sections, as described in  Except
 .Sx MANUAL STRUCTURE ,  .Em DESCRIPTION ,
 rarely have sub-sections.  the conventional sections described in
   .Sx MANUAL STRUCTURE
   rarely have subsections.
 .Pp  .Pp
 Sub-section names should be unique so that they may be keyed by  Sub-section names should be unique so that they may be keyed by
 .Sx \&Sx .  .Sx \&Sx .
   Although this macro is parsed, it should not consist of child node or it
   may not be linked with
   .Sx \&Sx .
 .Pp  .Pp
 See also  See also
 .Sx \&Pp ,  .Sx \&Pp ,
Line 2658  The following standards are recognised:
Line 2851  The following standards are recognised:
 .St -xpg4  .St -xpg4
 .It \-xpg4.2  .It \-xpg4.2
 .St -xpg4.2  .St -xpg4.2
   .It \-xpg4.3
 .St -xpg4.3  .St -xpg4.3
 .It \-xbd5  .It \-xbd5
 .St -xbd5  .St -xbd5
Line 2681  The following standards are recognised:
Line 2875  The following standards are recognised:
 .St -svid4  .St -svid4
 .El  .El
 .Ss \&Sx  .Ss \&Sx
 Reference a section or sub-section.  Reference a section or subsection in the same manual page.
 The referenced section or sub-section name must be identical to the  The referenced section or subsection name must be identical to the
 enclosed argument, including whitespace.  enclosed argument, including whitespace.
 .Pp  .Pp
 Examples:  Examples:
Line 2700  stylistically decorating technical terms.
Line 2894  stylistically decorating technical terms.
 .Pp  .Pp
 See also  See also
 .Sx \&Bf ,  .Sx \&Bf ,
   .Sx \&Em ,
 .Sx \&Li ,  .Sx \&Li ,
 and  and
 .Sx \&Em .  .Sx \&No .
 .Ss \&Ta  .Ss \&Ta
 Table cell separator in  Table cell separator in
 .Sx \&Bl Fl column  .Sx \&Bl Fl column
Line 2711  lists; can only be used below
Line 2906  lists; can only be used below
 .Ss \&Tn  .Ss \&Tn
 Format a tradename.  Format a tradename.
 .Pp  .Pp
   Since this macro is often implemented to use a small caps font,
   it has historically been used for acronyms (like ASCII) as well.
   Such usage is not recommended because it would use the same macro
   sometimes for semantical annotation, sometimes for physical formatting.
   .Pp
 Examples:  Examples:
 .Dl \&.Tn IBM  .Dl \&.Tn IBM
 .Ss \&Ud  .Ss \&Ud
 Prints out  Prints out
 .Dq currently under development .  .Dq currently under development.
 .Ss \&Ux  .Ss \&Ux
 Format the UNIX name.  Format the UNIX name.
 Accepts no argument.  Accepts no argument.
Line 2745  This is also used for indicating global variables in t
Line 2945  This is also used for indicating global variables in t
 section, in which case a variable name is also specified.  section, in which case a variable name is also specified.
 Note that it accepts  Note that it accepts
 .Sx Block partial-implicit  .Sx Block partial-implicit
 syntax when invoked as the first macro in the  syntax when invoked as the first macro on an input line in the
 .Em SYNOPSIS  .Em SYNOPSIS
 section, else it accepts ordinary  section, else it accepts ordinary
 .Sx In-line  .Sx In-line
 syntax.  syntax.
   In the former case, this macro starts a new output line,
   and a blank line is inserted in front if there is a preceding
   function definition or include directive.
 .Pp  .Pp
 Note that this should not be confused with  Note that this should not be confused with
 .Sx \&Ft ,  .Sx \&Ft ,
Line 2917  In new groff and mandoc, any list may be nested by def
Line 3120  In new groff and mandoc, any list may be nested by def
 lists will restart the sequence only for the sub-list.  lists will restart the sequence only for the sub-list.
 .It  .It
 .Sx \&Li  .Sx \&Li
 followed by a reserved character is incorrectly used in some manuals  followed by a delimiter is incorrectly used in some manuals
 instead of properly quoting that character, which sometimes works with  instead of properly quoting that character, which sometimes works with
 historic groff.  historic groff.
 .It  .It
Line 3008  This is not supported by mandoc.
Line 3211  This is not supported by mandoc.
 .Xr mandoc 1 ,  .Xr mandoc 1 ,
 .Xr eqn 7 ,  .Xr eqn 7 ,
 .Xr man 7 ,  .Xr man 7 ,
 .Xr mandoc_char 7  .Xr mandoc_char 7 ,
 .Xr roff 7 ,  .Xr roff 7 ,
 .Xr tbl 7  .Xr tbl 7
 .Sh HISTORY  .Sh HISTORY

Legend:
Removed from v.1.194  
changed lines
  Added in v.1.199

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