===================================================================
RCS file: /cvs/mandoc/mdoc.7,v
retrieving revision 1.192
retrieving revision 1.197
diff -u -p -r1.192 -r1.197
--- mandoc/mdoc.7	2011/07/31 17:30:33	1.192
+++ mandoc/mdoc.7	2011/08/10 14:07:23	1.197
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-.\"	$Id: mdoc.7,v 1.192 2011/07/31 17:30:33 schwarze Exp $
+.\"	$Id: mdoc.7,v 1.197 2011/08/10 14:07:23 kristaps Exp $
 .\"
 .\" Copyright (c) 2009, 2010, 2011 Kristaps Dzonsons <kristaps@bsd.lv>
 .\" Copyright (c) 2010 Ingo Schwarze <schwarze@openbsd.org>
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
 .\" ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF
 .\" OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
 .\"
-.Dd $Mdocdate: July 31 2011 $
+.Dd $Mdocdate: August 10 2011 $
 .Dt MDOC 7
 .Os
 .Sh NAME
@@ -65,42 +65,6 @@ A macro line with only a control character and comment
 is also ignored.
 Macro lines with only a control character and optional whitespace are
 stripped from input.
-.Ss Reserved Terms
-Within a macro line, the following terms are reserved:
-.Pp
-.Bl -tag -width Ds -offset indent -compact
-.It \&.
-.Pq period
-.It \e.
-.Pq escaped period
-.It \&,
-.Pq comma
-.It \&:
-.Pq colon
-.It \&;
-.Pq semicolon
-.It \&(
-.Pq left-parenthesis
-.It \&)
-.Pq right-parenthesis
-.It \&[
-.Pq left-bracket
-.It \&]
-.Pq right-bracket
-.It \&?
-.Pq question
-.It \&!
-.Pq exclamation
-.It \&|
-.Pq vertical bar
-.It \e*(Ba
-.Pq reserved-word vertical bar
-.El
-.Pp
-For general use in macro lines, these can be escaped with a non-breaking
-space
-.Pq Sq \e& .
-In text lines, these may be used as normal punctuation.
 .Ss Special Characters
 Special characters may occur in both macro and text lines.
 Sequences begin with the escape character
@@ -178,15 +142,38 @@ trailing spaces are stripped from input (unless in a l
 Blank text lines, which may include whitespace, are only permitted
 within literal contexts.
 .Pp
+In general, trailing whitespace on input lines is discouraged
+for reasons of clarity and portability.
+In the rare case that a blank character is needed at the end of an
+input line, it may be forced by
+.Sq \e\ \e& .
+.Pp
 In macro lines, whitespace delimits arguments and is discarded.
-If arguments are quoted, whitespace within the quotes is retained.
 .Ss Quotation
-Macro arguments may be quoted with double-quotes to group
-space-delimited terms or to retain blocks of whitespace.
+Macro arguments may be quoted with double-quotes; in this case,
+whitespace within the quotes is retained as part of the argument.
+For example,
+.Pp
+.D1 Pf \. \&Fn strlen "\(dqconst char *s\(dq"
+.Pp
+renders as
+.Sq Fn strlen "const char *s" ,
+while
+.Pp
+.D1 Pf \. \&Fn strlen "const char *s"
+.Pp
+would produce
+.Sq Fn strlen const char *s .
+.Pp
 A quoted argument begins with a double-quote preceded by whitespace.
 The next double-quote not pairwise adjacent to another double-quote
 terminates the literal, regardless of surrounding whitespace.
 .Pp
+In unquoted arguments, space characters can alternatively be included
+by preceding them with a backslash
+.Pq Sq \e\~ ,
+but quoting is usually better for clarity.
+.Pp
 Note that any quoted text, even if it would cause a macro invocation
 when unquoted, is considered literal text.
 Thus, the following produces
@@ -304,7 +291,7 @@ file for a utility
 \&.Os
 \&.Sh NAME
 \&.Nm progname
-\&.Nd a description goes here
+\&.Nd one line about what it does
 \&.\e\*q .Sh LIBRARY
 \&.\e\*q For sections 2, 3, & 9 only.
 \&.\e\*q Not used in OpenBSD.
@@ -600,6 +587,17 @@ The
 .Em Callable
 column indicates that the macro may also be called by passing its name
 as an argument to another macro.
+For example,
+.Sq \&.Op \&Fl O \&Ar file
+produces
+.Sq Op Fl O Ar file .
+To prevent a macro call and render the macro name literally,
+escape it by prepending a zero-width space,
+.Sq \e& .
+For example,
+.Sq \&Op \e&Fl O
+produces
+.Sq Op \&Fl O .
 If a macro is not callable but its name appears as an argument
 to another macro, it is interpreted as opaque text.
 For example,
@@ -666,11 +664,11 @@ has multiple heads.
 .Pp
 .Bl -column -compact -offset indent "MacroX" "CallableX" "ParsedX" "closed by XXXXXXXXXXX"
 .It Em Macro Ta Em Callable Ta Em Parsed Ta Em Scope
-.It Sx \&It  Ta    \&No     Ta    Yes      Ta    closed by Sx \&It , Sx \&El
-.It Sx \&Nd  Ta    \&No     Ta    \&No     Ta    closed by Sx \&Sh
-.It Sx \&Nm  Ta    \&No     Ta  Yes Ta closed by Sx \&Nm , Sx \&Sh , Sx \&Ss
-.It Sx \&Sh  Ta    \&No     Ta    \&No     Ta    closed by Sx \&Sh
-.It Sx \&Ss  Ta    \&No     Ta    \&No     Ta    closed by Sx \&Sh , Sx \&Ss
+.It Sx \&It Ta \&No Ta Yes  Ta closed by Sx \&It , Sx \&El
+.It Sx \&Nd Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta closed by Sx \&Sh
+.It Sx \&Nm Ta \&No Ta Yes  Ta closed by Sx \&Nm , Sx \&Sh , Sx \&Ss
+.It Sx \&Sh Ta \&No Ta Yes  Ta closed by Sx \&Sh
+.It Sx \&Ss Ta \&No Ta Yes  Ta closed by Sx \&Sh , Sx \&Ss
 .El
 .Pp
 Note that the
@@ -728,9 +726,8 @@ and/or tail
 .It Sx \&Xo  Ta    Yes      Ta    Yes      Ta    closed by Sx \&Xc
 .El
 .Ss Block partial-implicit
-Like block full-implicit, but with single-line scope closed by
-.Sx Reserved Terms
-or end of line.
+Like block full-implicit, but with single-line scope closed by the
+end of the line.
 .Bd -literal -offset indent
 \&.Yo \(lB\-arg \(lBval...\(rB\(rB \(lBbody...\(rB \(lBres...\(rB
 .Ed
@@ -776,9 +773,8 @@ these blocks have bodies, but no heads.
 .It Sx \&Ta  Ta    Yes      Ta    Yes    Ta closed by Sx \&Ta , Sx \&It
 .El
 .Ss In-line
-Closed by
-.Sx Reserved Terms ,
-end of line, fixed argument lengths, and/or subsequent macros.
+Closed by the end of the line, fixed argument lengths,
+and/or subsequent macros.
 In-line macros have only text children.
 If a number (or inequality) of arguments is
 .Pq n ,
@@ -868,6 +864,90 @@ then the macro accepts an arbitrary number of argument
 .It Sx \&br  Ta    \&No     Ta    \&No     Ta    0
 .It Sx \&sp  Ta    \&No     Ta    \&No     Ta    1
 .El
+.Ss Delimiters
+When a macro argument consists of one single input character
+considered as a delimiter, the argument gets special handling.
+This does not apply when delimiters appear in arguments containing
+more than one character.
+Consequently, to prevent special handling and just handle it
+like any other argument, a delimiter can be escaped by prepending
+a zero-width space
+.Pq Sq \e& .
+In text lines, delimiters never need escaping, but may be used
+as normal punctuation.
+.Pp
+For many macros, when the leading arguments are opening delimiters,
+these delimiters are put before the macro scope,
+and when the trailing arguments are closing delimiters,
+these delimiters are put after the macro scope.
+For example,
+.Pp
+.D1 Pf \. \&Aq "( [ word ] ) ."
+.Pp
+renders as:
+.Pp
+.D1 Aq ( [ word ] ) .
+.Pp
+Opening delimiters are:
+.Pp
+.Bl -tag -width Ds -offset indent -compact
+.It \&(
+left parenthesis
+.It \&[
+left bracket
+.El
+.Pp
+Closing delimiters are:
+.Pp
+.Bl -tag -width Ds -offset indent -compact
+.It \&.
+period
+.It \&,
+comma
+.It \&:
+colon
+.It \&;
+semicolon
+.It \&)
+right parenthesis
+.It \&]
+right bracket
+.It \&?
+question mark
+.It \&!
+exclamation mark
+.El
+.Pp
+Note that even a period preceded by a backslash
+.Pq Sq \e.\&
+gets this special handling; use
+.Sq \e&.
+to prevent that.
+.Pp
+Many in-line macros interrupt their scope when they encounter
+delimiters, and resume their scope when more arguments follow that
+are not delimiters.
+For example,
+.Pp
+.D1 Pf \. \&Fl "a ( b | c \e*(Ba d ) e"
+.Pp
+renders as:
+.Pp
+.D1 Fl a ( b | c \*(Ba d ) e
+.Pp
+This applies to both opening and closing delimiters,
+and also to the middle delimiter:
+.Pp
+.Bl -tag -width Ds -offset indent -compact
+.It \&|
+vertical bar
+.El
+.Pp
+As a special case, the predefined string \e*(Ba is handled and rendered
+in the same way as a plain
+.Sq \&|
+character.
+Using this predefined string is not recommended in new manuals.
 .Sh REFERENCE
 This section is a canonical reference of all macros, arranged
 alphabetically.
@@ -957,6 +1037,8 @@ Examples:
 .Dl \&.Ad 0x00000000
 .Ss \&An
 Author name.
+Can be used both for the authors of the program, function, or driver
+documented in the manual, or for the authors of the manual itself.
 Requires either the name of an author or one of the following arguments:
 .Pp
 .Bl -tag -width "-nosplitX" -offset indent -compact
@@ -1027,9 +1109,17 @@ If an argument is not provided, the string
 is used as a default.
 .Pp
 Examples:
-.Dl \&.Fl o \&Ns \&Ar file1
-.Dl \&.Ar
-.Dl \&.Ar arg1 , arg2 .
+.Dl ".Fl o Ar file"
+.Dl ".Ar"
+.Dl ".Ar arg1 , arg2 ."
+.Pp
+The arguments to the
+.Sx \&Ar
+macro are names and placeholders for command arguments;
+for fixed strings to be passed verbatim as arguments, use
+.Sx \&Fl
+or
+.Sx \&Cm .
 .Ss \&At
 Formats an AT&T version.
 Accepts one optional argument:
@@ -1432,6 +1522,7 @@ and
 Kernel configuration declaration.
 This denotes strings accepted by
 .Xr config 8 .
+It is most often used in section 4 manual pages.
 .Pp
 Examples:
 .Dl \&.Cd device le0 at scode?
@@ -1444,14 +1535,17 @@ declarations.
 This practise is discouraged.
 .Ss \&Cm
 Command modifiers.
-Useful when specifying configuration options or keys.
+Typically used for fixed strings passed as arguments, unless
+.Sx \&Fl
+is more appropriate.
+Also useful when specifying configuration options or keys.
 .Pp
 Examples:
-.Dl \&.Cm ControlPath
-.Dl \&.Cm ControlMaster
-.Pp
-See also
-.Sx \&Fl .
+.Dl ".Nm mt Fl f Ar device Cm rewind"
+.Dl ".Nm ps Fl o Cm pid , Ns Cm command"
+.Dl ".Nm dd Cm if= Ns Ar file1 Cm of= Ns Ar file2"
+.Dl ".Cm IdentityFile Pa ~/.ssh/id_rsa"
+.Dl ".Cm LogLevel Dv DEBUG"
 .Ss \&D1
 One-line indented display.
 This is formatted by the default rules and is useful for simple indented
@@ -1802,6 +1896,7 @@ will emulate
 Error constants for definitions of the
 .Va errno
 libc global variable.
+This is most often used in section 2 and 3 manual pages.
 .Pp
 Examples:
 .Dl \&.Er EPERM
@@ -1826,9 +1921,10 @@ for general constants.
 .Ss \&Ex
 Insert a standard sentence regarding command exit values of 0 on success
 and >0 on failure.
+This is most often used in section 1, 6, and 8 manual pages.
 Its syntax is as follows:
 .Pp
-.D1 Pf \. Sx \&Ex Fl std Op Ar utility...
+.D1 Pf \. Sx \&Ex Fl std Op Ar utility ...
 .Pp
 If
 .Ar utility
@@ -1886,7 +1982,7 @@ See also
 and
 .Sx \&In .
 .Ss \&Fl
-Command-line flag.
+Command-line flag or option.
 Used when listing arguments to command-line utilities.
 Prints a fixed-width hyphen
 .Sq \-
@@ -1896,10 +1992,11 @@ If the argument is a macro, a hyphen is prefixed to th
 output.
 .Pp
 Examples:
-.Dl \&.Fl a b c
-.Dl \&.Fl \&Pf a b
-.Dl \&.Fl
-.Dl \&.Op \&Fl o \&Ns \&Ar file
+.Dl ".Nm cat Fl v No considered harmful"
+.Dl ".Nm cp Fl pR Ar source ... directory"
+.Dl ".Nm find Ar dir Fl type Cm d Fl name Pa CVS
+.Dl ".Nm kill Fl Ar signal_number pid"
+.Dl ".Nm su Fl"
 .Pp
 See also
 .Sx \&Cm .
@@ -1916,11 +2013,16 @@ Its syntax is as follows:
 Function arguments are surrounded in parenthesis and
 are delimited by commas.
 If no arguments are specified, blank parenthesis are output.
+In the
+.Em SYNOPSIS
+section, this macro starts a new output line,
+and a blank line is automatically inserted between function definitions.
 .Pp
 Examples:
 .Dl \&.Fn \*qint funcname\*q \*qint arg0\*q \*qint arg1\*q
 .Dl \&.Fn funcname \*qint arg0\*q
 .Dl \&.Fn funcname arg0
+.Pp
 .Bd -literal -offset indent -compact
 \&.Ft functype
 \&.Fn funcname
@@ -1930,7 +2032,8 @@ When referring to a function documented in another man
 .Sx \&Xr
 instead.
 See also
-.Sx MANUAL STRUCTURE
+.Sx MANUAL STRUCTURE ,
+.Sx \&Fo ,
 and
 .Sx \&Ft .
 .Ss \&Fo
@@ -1957,6 +2060,7 @@ Invocations usually occur in the following context:
 A
 .Sx \&Fo
 scope is closed by
+.Sx \&Fc .
 .Pp
 See also
 .Sx MANUAL STRUCTURE ,
@@ -1972,6 +2076,10 @@ Its syntax is as follows:
 .Pp
 .D1 Pf \. Sx \&Ft Ar functype
 .Pp
+In the
+.Em SYNOPSIS
+section, a new output line is started after this macro.
+.Pp
 Examples:
 .Dl \&.Ft int
 .Bd -literal -offset indent -compact
@@ -2012,6 +2120,7 @@ This is similar to
 but used for instructions rather than values.
 .Pp
 Examples:
+.Dl \&.Ic :wq
 .Dl \&.Ic hash
 .Dl \&.Ic alias
 .Pp
@@ -2026,15 +2135,17 @@ macro is used when referring to specific instructions.
 An
 .Dq include
 file.
-In the
+When invoked as the first macro on an input line in the
 .Em SYNOPSIS
-section (only if invoked as the line macro), the first argument is
-preceded by
+section, the argument is displayed in angle brackets
+and preceded by
 .Dq #include ,
-the arguments is enclosed in angle brackets.
+and a blank line is inserted in front if there is a preceding
+function declaration.
+This is most often used in section 2, 3, and 9 manual pages.
 .Pp
 Examples:
-.Dl \&.In sys/types
+.Dl \&.In sys/types.h
 .Pp
 See also
 .Sx MANUAL STRUCTURE .
@@ -2125,9 +2236,9 @@ The syntax is as follows:
 The
 .Ar library
 parameter may be a system library, such as
-.Ar libz
+.Cm libz
 or
-.Ar libpam ,
+.Cm libpam ,
 in which case a small library description is printed next to the linker
 invocation; or a custom library, in which case the library name is
 printed in quotes.
@@ -2299,9 +2410,11 @@ Examples:
 \&.Oc
 .Ed
 .Ss \&Op
-Command-line option.
-Used when listing options to command-line utilities.
+Optional part of a command line.
 Prints the argument(s) in brackets.
+This is most often used in the
+.Em SYNOPSIS
+section of section 1 and 8 manual pages.
 .Pp
 Examples:
 .Dl \&.Op \&Fl a \&Ar b
@@ -2359,9 +2472,9 @@ See also
 and
 .Sx \&Ux .
 .Ss \&Pa
-A file-system path.
-If an argument is not provided, the string
-.Dq \(ti
+An absolute or relative file system path, or a file or directory name.
+If an argument is not provided, the character
+.Sq \(ti
 is used as a default.
 .Pp
 Examples:
@@ -2469,13 +2582,13 @@ block is used within a SEE ALSO section, a vertical sp
 before the rendered output, else the block continues on the current
 line.
 .Ss \&Rv
-Insert a standard sentence regarding a system call's return value of 0
+Insert a standard sentence regarding a function call's return value of 0
 on success and \-1 on error, with the
 .Va errno
 libc global variable set on error.
 Its syntax is as follows:
 .Pp
-.D1 Pf \. Sx \&Rv Fl std Op Ar function...
+.D1 Pf \. Sx \&Rv Fl std Op Ar function ...
 .Pp
 If
 .Ar function
@@ -2500,6 +2613,9 @@ custom sections be used.
 .Pp
 Section names should be unique so that they may be keyed by
 .Sx \&Sx .
+Although this macro is parsed, it should not consist of child node or it
+may not be linked with
+.Sx \&Sx .
 .Pp
 See also
 .Sx \&Pp ,
@@ -2513,9 +2629,9 @@ Its syntax is as follows:
 .D1 Pf \. Sx \&Sm Cm on | off
 .Pp
 By default, spacing is
-.Ar on .
+.Cm on .
 When switched
-.Ar off ,
+.Cm off ,
 no white space is inserted between macro arguments and between the
 output generated from adjacent macros, but text lines
 still get normal spacing between words and sentences.
@@ -2543,6 +2659,9 @@ rarely have sub-sections.
 .Pp
 Sub-section names should be unique so that they may be keyed by
 .Sx \&Sx .
+Although this macro is parsed, it should not consist of child node or it
+may not be linked with
+.Sx \&Sx .
 .Pp
 See also
 .Sx \&Pp ,
@@ -2624,6 +2743,7 @@ The following standards are recognised:
 .St -xpg4
 .It \-xpg4.2
 .St -xpg4.2
+.It \-xpg4.3
 .St -xpg4.3
 .It \-xbd5
 .St -xbd5
@@ -2711,11 +2831,14 @@ This is also used for indicating global variables in t
 section, in which case a variable name is also specified.
 Note that it accepts
 .Sx Block partial-implicit
-syntax when invoked as the first macro in the
+syntax when invoked as the first macro on an input line in the
 .Em SYNOPSIS
 section, else it accepts ordinary
 .Sx In-line
 syntax.
+In the former case, this macro starts a new output line,
+and a blank line is inserted in front if there is a preceding
+function definition or include directive.
 .Pp
 Note that this should not be confused with
 .Sx \&Ft ,
@@ -2883,7 +3006,7 @@ In new groff and mandoc, any list may be nested by def
 lists will restart the sequence only for the sub-list.
 .It
 .Sx \&Li
-followed by a reserved character is incorrectly used in some manuals
+followed by a delimiter is incorrectly used in some manuals
 instead of properly quoting that character, which sometimes works with
 historic groff.
 .It