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Diff for /mandoc/mdoc.7 between version 1.223 and 1.233

version 1.223, 2013/12/25 14:09:32 version 1.233, 2014/08/08 01:52:40
Line 125  file for a utility
Line 125  file for a utility
 \&.Nm progname  \&.Nm progname
 \&.Nd one line about what it does  \&.Nd one line about what it does
 \&.\e\(dq .Sh LIBRARY  \&.\e\(dq .Sh LIBRARY
 \&.\e\(dq For sections 2, 3, & 9 only.  \&.\e\(dq For sections 2, 3, and 9 only.
 \&.\e\(dq Not used in OpenBSD.  \&.\e\(dq Not used in OpenBSD.
 \&.Sh SYNOPSIS  \&.Sh SYNOPSIS
 \&.Nm progname  \&.Nm progname
Line 135  file for a utility
Line 135  file for a utility
 The  The
 \&.Nm  \&.Nm
 utility processes files ...  utility processes files ...
   \&.\e\(dq .Sh CONTEXT
   \&.\e\(dq For section 9 functions only.
 \&.\e\(dq .Sh IMPLEMENTATION NOTES  \&.\e\(dq .Sh IMPLEMENTATION NOTES
 \&.\e\(dq Not used in OpenBSD.  \&.\e\(dq Not used in OpenBSD.
 \&.\e\(dq .Sh RETURN VALUES  \&.\e\(dq .Sh RETURN VALUES
 \&.\e\(dq For sections 2, 3, & 9 only.  \&.\e\(dq For sections 2, 3, and 9 function return values only.
 \&.\e\(dq .Sh ENVIRONMENT  \&.\e\(dq .Sh ENVIRONMENT
 \&.\e\(dq For sections 1, 6, 7, & 8 only.  \&.\e\(dq For sections 1, 6, 7, and 8 only.
 \&.\e\(dq .Sh FILES  \&.\e\(dq .Sh FILES
 \&.\e\(dq .Sh EXIT STATUS  \&.\e\(dq .Sh EXIT STATUS
 \&.\e\(dq For sections 1, 6, & 8 only.  \&.\e\(dq For sections 1, 6, and 8 only.
 \&.\e\(dq .Sh EXAMPLES  \&.\e\(dq .Sh EXAMPLES
 \&.\e\(dq .Sh DIAGNOSTICS  \&.\e\(dq .Sh DIAGNOSTICS
 \&.\e\(dq For sections 1, 4, 6, 7, & 8 only.  \&.\e\(dq For sections 1, 4, 6, 7, 8, and 9 printf/stderr messages only.
 \&.\e\(dq .Sh ERRORS  \&.\e\(dq .Sh ERRORS
 \&.\e\(dq For sections 2, 3, & 9 only.  \&.\e\(dq For sections 2, 3, 4, and 9 errno settings only.
 \&.\e\(dq .Sh SEE ALSO  \&.\e\(dq .Sh SEE ALSO
 \&.\e\(dq .Xr foobar 1  \&.\e\(dq .Xr foobar 1
 \&.\e\(dq .Sh STANDARDS  \&.\e\(dq .Sh STANDARDS
Line 318  macro followed by a non-standard section name, and eac
Line 320  macro followed by a non-standard section name, and eac
 several subsections, like in the present  several subsections, like in the present
 .Nm  .Nm
 manual.  manual.
   .It Em CONTEXT
   This section lists the contexts in which functions can be called in section 9.
   The contexts are autoconf, process, or interrupt.
 .It Em IMPLEMENTATION NOTES  .It Em IMPLEMENTATION NOTES
 Implementation-specific notes should be kept here.  Implementation-specific notes should be kept here.
 This is useful when implementing standard functions that may have side  This is useful when implementing standard functions that may have side
Line 358  Example usages.
Line 363  Example usages.
 This often contains snippets of well-formed, well-tested invocations.  This often contains snippets of well-formed, well-tested invocations.
 Make sure that examples work properly!  Make sure that examples work properly!
 .It Em DIAGNOSTICS  .It Em DIAGNOSTICS
 Documents error conditions.  Documents error messages.
 This is most useful in section 4 manuals.  In section 4 and 9 manuals, these are usually messages printed by the
   kernel to the console and to the kernel log.
   In section 1, 6, 7, and 8, these are usually messages printed by
   userland programs to the standard error output.
   .Pp
 Historically, this section was used in place of  Historically, this section was used in place of
 .Em EXIT STATUS  .Em EXIT STATUS
 for manuals in sections 1, 6, and 8; however, this practise is  for manuals in sections 1, 6, and 8; however, this practise is
Line 369  See
Line 378  See
 .Sx \&Bl  .Sx \&Bl
 .Fl diag .  .Fl diag .
 .It Em ERRORS  .It Em ERRORS
 Documents error handling in sections 2, 3, and 9.  Documents
   .Xr errno 2
   settings in sections 2, 3, 4, and 9.
 .Pp  .Pp
 See  See
 .Sx \&Er .  .Sx \&Er .
Line 502  in the alphabetical
Line 513  in the alphabetical
 .It Sx \&Cd Ta kernel configuration declaration (>0 arguments)  .It Sx \&Cd Ta kernel configuration declaration (>0 arguments)
 .It Sx \&Ad Ta memory address (>0 arguments)  .It Sx \&Ad Ta memory address (>0 arguments)
 .It Sx \&Ms Ta mathematical symbol (>0 arguments)  .It Sx \&Ms Ta mathematical symbol (>0 arguments)
 .It Sx \&Tn Ta tradename (>0 arguments)  
 .El  .El
 .Ss Physical markup  .Ss Physical markup
 .Bl -column "Brq, Bro, Brc" description  .Bl -column "Brq, Bro, Brc" description
Line 530  in the alphabetical
Line 540  in the alphabetical
 .It Sx \&Ex Fl std Ta standard command exit values: Op Ar utility ...  .It Sx \&Ex Fl std Ta standard command exit values: Op Ar utility ...
 .It Sx \&Rv Fl std Ta standard function return values: Op Ar function ...  .It Sx \&Rv Fl std Ta standard function return values: Op Ar function ...
 .It Sx \&St Ta reference to a standards document (one argument)  .It Sx \&St Ta reference to a standards document (one argument)
 .It Sx \&Ux Ta Ux  
 .It Sx \&At Ta At  .It Sx \&At Ta At
 .It Sx \&Bx Ta Bx  .It Sx \&Bx Ta Bx
 .It Sx \&Bsx Ta Bsx  .It Sx \&Bsx Ta Bsx
Line 741  See also
Line 750  See also
 .Sx \&Dx ,  .Sx \&Dx ,
 .Sx \&Fx ,  .Sx \&Fx ,
 .Sx \&Nx ,  .Sx \&Nx ,
 .Sx \&Ox ,  
 and  and
 .Sx \&Ux .  .Sx \&Ox .
 .Ss \&Bc  .Ss \&Bc
 Close a  Close a
 .Sx \&Bo  .Sx \&Bo
Line 1107  See also
Line 1115  See also
 .Sx \&Dx ,  .Sx \&Dx ,
 .Sx \&Fx ,  .Sx \&Fx ,
 .Sx \&Nx ,  .Sx \&Nx ,
 .Sx \&Ox ,  
 and  and
 .Sx \&Ux .  .Sx \&Ox .
 .Ss \&Bt  .Ss \&Bt
   Supported only for compatibility, do not use this in new manuals.
 Prints  Prints
 .Dq is currently in beta test.  .Dq is currently in beta test.
 .Ss \&Bx  .Ss \&Bx
Line 1130  See also
Line 1138  See also
 .Sx \&Dx ,  .Sx \&Dx ,
 .Sx \&Fx ,  .Sx \&Fx ,
 .Sx \&Nx ,  .Sx \&Nx ,
 .Sx \&Ox ,  
 and  and
 .Sx \&Ux .  .Sx \&Ox .
 .Ss \&Cd  .Ss \&Cd
 Kernel configuration declaration.  Kernel configuration declaration.
 This denotes strings accepted by  This denotes strings accepted by
Line 1188  Close a
Line 1195  Close a
 block.  block.
 Does not have any tail arguments.  Does not have any tail arguments.
 .Ss \&Dd  .Ss \&Dd
 Document date.  Document date for display in the page footer.
 This is the mandatory first macro of any  This is the mandatory first macro of any
 .Nm  .Nm
 manual.  manual.
Line 1217  the special string
Line 1224  the special string
 .Dq $\&Mdocdate$  .Dq $\&Mdocdate$
 can be given as an argument.  can be given as an argument.
 .It  .It
 A few alternative date formats are accepted as well  The traditional, purely numeric
 and converted to the standard form.  .Xr man 7
   format
   .Ar year Ns \(en Ns Ar month Ns \(en Ns Ar day
   is accepted, too.
 .It  .It
 If a date string cannot be parsed, it is used verbatim.  If a date string cannot be parsed, it is used verbatim.
 .It  .It
Line 1278  See also
Line 1288  See also
 and  and
 .Sx \&Do .  .Sx \&Do .
 .Ss \&Dt  .Ss \&Dt
 Document title.  Document title for display in the page header.
 This is the mandatory second macro of any  This is the mandatory second macro of any
 .Nm  .Nm
 file.  file.
 Its syntax is as follows:  Its syntax is as follows:
 .Bd -ragged -offset indent  .Bd -ragged -offset indent
 .Pf \. Sx \&Dt  .Pf \. Sx \&Dt
 .Oo  .Ar TITLE
 .Ar title  
 .Oo  
 .Ar section  .Ar section
 .Op Ar volume  .Op Ar volume | arch
 .Op Ar arch  
 .Oc  
 .Oc  
 .Ed  .Ed
 .Pp  .Pp
 Its arguments are as follows:  Its arguments are as follows:
 .Bl -tag -width Ds -offset Ds  .Bl -tag -width section -offset 2n
 .It Ar title  .It Ar TITLE
 The document's title (name), defaulting to  The document's title (name), defaulting to
 .Dq UNKNOWN  .Dq UNTITLED
 if unspecified.  if unspecified.
 It should be capitalised.  To achieve a uniform appearance of page header lines,
   it should by convention be all caps.
 .It Ar section  .It Ar section
 The manual section.  The manual section.
 This may be one of  This may be one of
 .Ar 1  .Cm 1
 .Pq utilities ,  .Pq utilities ,
 .Ar 2  .Cm 2
 .Pq system calls ,  .Pq system calls ,
 .Ar 3  .Cm 3
 .Pq libraries ,  .Pq libraries ,
 .Ar 3p  .Cm 3p
 .Pq Perl libraries ,  .Pq Perl libraries ,
 .Ar 4  .Cm 4
 .Pq devices ,  .Pq devices ,
 .Ar 5  .Cm 5
 .Pq file formats ,  .Pq file formats ,
 .Ar 6  .Cm 6
 .Pq games ,  .Pq games ,
 .Ar 7  .Cm 7
 .Pq miscellaneous ,  .Pq miscellaneous ,
 .Ar 8  .Cm 8
 .Pq system utilities ,  .Pq system utilities ,
 .Ar 9  .Cm 9
 .Pq kernel functions ,  .Pq kernel functions ,
 .Ar X11  .Cm X11
 .Pq X Window System ,  .Pq X Window System ,
 .Ar X11R6  .Cm X11R6
 .Pq X Window System ,  .Pq X Window System ,
 .Ar unass  .Cm unass
 .Pq unassociated ,  .Pq unassociated ,
 .Ar local  .Cm local
 .Pq local system ,  .Pq local system ,
 .Ar draft  .Cm draft
 .Pq draft manual ,  .Pq draft manual ,
 or  or
 .Ar paper  .Cm paper
 .Pq paper .  .Pq paper .
 It should correspond to the manual's filename suffix and defaults to  It should correspond to the manual's filename suffix and defaults to
 .Dq 1  the empty string if unspecified.
 if unspecified.  
 .It Ar volume  .It Ar volume
 This overrides the volume inferred from  This overrides the volume inferred from
 .Ar section .  .Ar section .
 This field is optional, and if specified, must be one of  This field is optional, and if specified, must be one of
 .Ar USD  .Cm USD
 .Pq users' supplementary documents ,  .Pq users' supplementary documents ,
 .Ar PS1  .Cm PS1
 .Pq programmers' supplementary documents ,  .Pq programmers' supplementary documents ,
 .Ar AMD  .Cm AMD
 .Pq administrators' supplementary documents ,  .Pq administrators' supplementary documents ,
 .Ar SMM  .Cm SMM
 .Pq system managers' manuals ,  .Pq system managers' manuals ,
 .Ar URM  .Cm URM
 .Pq users' reference manuals ,  .Pq users' reference manuals ,
 .Ar PRM  .Cm PRM
 .Pq programmers' reference manuals ,  .Pq programmers' reference manuals ,
 .Ar KM  .Cm KM
 .Pq kernel manuals ,  .Pq kernel manuals ,
 .Ar IND  .Cm IND
 .Pq master index ,  .Pq master index ,
 .Ar MMI  .Cm MMI
 .Pq master index ,  .Pq master index ,
 .Ar LOCAL  .Cm LOCAL
 .Pq local manuals ,  .Pq local manuals ,
 .Ar LOC  .Cm LOC
 .Pq local manuals ,  .Pq local manuals ,
 or  or
 .Ar CON  .Cm CON
 .Pq contributed manuals .  .Pq contributed manuals .
 .It Ar arch  .It Ar arch
 This specifies the machine architecture a manual page applies to,  This specifies the machine architecture a manual page applies to,
Line 1430  See also
Line 1435  See also
 .Sx \&Bx ,  .Sx \&Bx ,
 .Sx \&Fx ,  .Sx \&Fx ,
 .Sx \&Nx ,  .Sx \&Nx ,
 .Sx \&Ox ,  
 and  and
 .Sx \&Ux .  .Sx \&Ox .
 .Ss \&Ec  .Ss \&Ec
 Close a scope started by  Close a scope started by
 .Sx \&Eo .  .Sx \&Eo .
Line 1481  See also
Line 1485  See also
 and  and
 .Sx \&Sy .  .Sx \&Sy .
 .Ss \&En  .Ss \&En
 This macro is obsolete and not implemented in  This macro is obsolete.
 .Xr mandoc 1 .  Use
   .Sx \&Eo
   or any of the other enclosure macros.
   .Pp
   It encloses its argument in the delimiters specified by the last
   .Sx \&Es
   macro.
 .Ss \&Eo  .Ss \&Eo
 An arbitrary enclosure.  An arbitrary enclosure.
 Its syntax is as follows:  Its syntax is as follows:
Line 1508  See also
Line 1518  See also
 .Sx \&Dv  .Sx \&Dv
 for general constants.  for general constants.
 .Ss \&Es  .Ss \&Es
 This macro is obsolete and not implemented.  This macro is obsolete.
   Use
   .Sx \&Eo
   or any of the other enclosure macros.
   .Pp
   It takes two arguments, defining the delimiters to be used by subsequent
   .Sx \&En
   macros.
 .Ss \&Ev  .Ss \&Ev
 Environmental variables such as those specified in  Environmental variables such as those specified in
 .Xr environ 7 .  .Xr environ 7 .
Line 1544  Function argument.
Line 1561  Function argument.
 Its syntax is as follows:  Its syntax is as follows:
 .Bd -ragged -offset indent  .Bd -ragged -offset indent
 .Pf \. Sx \&Fa  .Pf \. Sx \&Fa
 .Op Cm argtype  .Qo
 .Cm argname  .Op Ar argtype
   .Op Ar argname
   .Qc Ar \&...
 .Ed  .Ed
 .Pp  .Pp
 This may be invoked for names with or without the corresponding type.  Each argument may be a name and a type (recommended for the
 It is also used to specify the field name of a structure.  .Em SYNOPSIS
   section), a name alone (for function invocations),
   or a type alone (for function prototypes).
   If both a type and a name are given or if the type consists of multiple
   words, all words belonging to the same function argument have to be
   given in a single argument to the
   .Sx \&Fa
   macro.
   .Pp
   This macro is also used to specify the field name of a structure.
   .Pp
 Most often, the  Most often, the
 .Sx \&Fa  .Sx \&Fa
 macro is used in the  macro is used in the
 .Em SYNOPSIS  .Em SYNOPSIS
 within  within
 .Sx \&Fo  .Sx \&Fo
 section when documenting multi-line function prototypes.  blocks when documenting multi-line function prototypes.
 If invoked with multiple arguments, the arguments are separated by a  If invoked with multiple arguments, the arguments are separated by a
 comma.  comma.
 Furthermore, if the following macro is another  Furthermore, if the following macro is another
Line 1566  the last argument will also have a trailing comma.
Line 1595  the last argument will also have a trailing comma.
 Examples:  Examples:
 .Dl \&.Fa \(dqconst char *p\(dq  .Dl \&.Fa \(dqconst char *p\(dq
 .Dl \&.Fa \(dqint a\(dq \(dqint b\(dq \(dqint c\(dq  .Dl \&.Fa \(dqint a\(dq \(dqint b\(dq \(dqint c\(dq
 .Dl \&.Fa foo  .Dl \&.Fa \(dqchar *\(dq size_t
 .Pp  .Pp
 See also  See also
 .Sx \&Fo .  .Sx \&Fo .
Line 1669  Invocations usually occur in the following context:
Line 1698  Invocations usually occur in the following context:
 .br  .br
 .Pf \. Sx \&Fo Ar funcname  .Pf \. Sx \&Fo Ar funcname
 .br  .br
 .Pf \. Sx \&Fa Oo Ar argtype Oc Ar argname  .Pf \. Sx \&Fa Qq Ar argtype Ar argname
 .br  .br
 \&.\.\.  \&.\.\.
 .br  .br
Line 1688  See also
Line 1717  See also
 and  and
 .Sx \&Ft .  .Sx \&Ft .
 .Ss \&Fr  .Ss \&Fr
 This macro is obsolete and not implemented in  This macro is obsolete.
 .Xr mandoc 1 .  No replacement markup is needed.
 .Pp  .Pp
 It was used to show function return values.  It was used to show numerical function return values in an italic font.
 The syntax was:  
 .Pp  
 .Dl Pf . Sx \&Fr Ar value  
 .Ss \&Ft  .Ss \&Ft
 A function type.  A function type.
 Its syntax is as follows:  Its syntax is as follows:
Line 1733  See also
Line 1759  See also
 .Sx \&Bx ,  .Sx \&Bx ,
 .Sx \&Dx ,  .Sx \&Dx ,
 .Sx \&Nx ,  .Sx \&Nx ,
 .Sx \&Ox ,  
 and  and
 .Sx \&Ux .  .Sx \&Ox .
 .Ss \&Hf  .Ss \&Hf
 This macro is not implemented in  This macro is not implemented in
 .Xr mandoc 1 .  .Xr mandoc 1 .
Line 2053  See also
Line 2078  See also
 .Sx \&Bx ,  .Sx \&Bx ,
 .Sx \&Dx ,  .Sx \&Dx ,
 .Sx \&Fx ,  .Sx \&Fx ,
 .Sx \&Ox ,  
 and  and
 .Sx \&Ux .  .Sx \&Ox .
 .Ss \&Oc  .Ss \&Oc
 Close multi-line  Close multi-line
 .Sx \&Oo  .Sx \&Oo
Line 2084  Examples:
Line 2108  Examples:
 See also  See also
 .Sx \&Oo .  .Sx \&Oo .
 .Ss \&Os  .Ss \&Os
 Document operating system version.  Operating system version for display in the page footer.
 This is the mandatory third macro of  This is the mandatory third macro of
 any  any
 .Nm  .Nm
Line 2109  See also
Line 2133  See also
 and  and
 .Sx \&Dt .  .Sx \&Dt .
 .Ss \&Ot  .Ss \&Ot
 This macro is obsolete and not implemented in  This macro is obsolete.
 .Xr mandoc 1 .  Use
   .Sx \&Ft
   instead; with
   .Xr mandoc 1 ,
   both have the same effect.
 .Pp  .Pp
 Historical  Historical
 .Nm  .Nm
Line 2132  See also
Line 2160  See also
 .Sx \&Bx ,  .Sx \&Bx ,
 .Sx \&Dx ,  .Sx \&Dx ,
 .Sx \&Fx ,  .Sx \&Fx ,
 .Sx \&Nx ,  
 and  and
 .Sx \&Ux .  .Sx \&Nx .
 .Ss \&Pa  .Ss \&Pa
 An absolute or relative file system path, or a file or directory name.  An absolute or relative file system path, or a file or directory name.
 If an argument is not provided, the character  If an argument is not provided, the character
Line 2354  and
Line 2381  and
 .Sx \&Sx .  .Sx \&Sx .
 .Ss \&St  .Ss \&St
 Replace an abbreviation for a standard with the full form.  Replace an abbreviation for a standard with the full form.
 The following standards are recognised:  The following standards are recognised.
   Where multiple lines are given without a blank line in between,
   they all refer to the same standard, and using the first form
   is recommended.
   .Bl -tag -width 1n
   .It C language standards
 .Pp  .Pp
 .Bl -tag -width "-p1003.1g-2000X" -compact  .Bl -tag -width "-p1003.1g-2000" -compact
 .It \-p1003.1-88  .It \-ansiC
 .St -p1003.1-88  .St -ansiC
 .It \-p1003.1-90  .It \-ansiC-89
 .St -p1003.1-90  .St -ansiC-89
 .It \-p1003.1-96  
 .St -p1003.1-96  
 .It \-p1003.1-2001  
 .St -p1003.1-2001  
 .It \-p1003.1-2004  
 .St -p1003.1-2004  
 .It \-p1003.1-2008  
 .St -p1003.1-2008  
 .It \-p1003.1  
 .St -p1003.1  
 .It \-p1003.1b  
 .St -p1003.1b  
 .It \-p1003.1b-93  
 .St -p1003.1b-93  
 .It \-p1003.1c-95  
 .St -p1003.1c-95  
 .It \-p1003.1d-99  
 .St -p1003.1d-99  
 .It \-p1003.1g-2000  
 .St -p1003.1g-2000  
 .It \-p1003.1i-95  
 .St -p1003.1i-95  
 .It \-p1003.1j-2000  
 .St -p1003.1j-2000  
 .It \-p1003.1q-2000  
 .St -p1003.1q-2000  
 .It \-p1003.2  
 .St -p1003.2  
 .It \-p1003.2-92  
 .St -p1003.2-92  
 .It \-p1003.2a-92  
 .St -p1003.2a-92  
 .It \-p1387.2  
 .St -p1387.2  
 .It \-p1387.2-95  
 .St -p1387.2-95  
 .It \-isoC  .It \-isoC
 .St -isoC  .St -isoC
 .It \-isoC-90  .It \-isoC-90
 .St -isoC-90  .St -isoC-90
   .br
   The original C standard.
   .Pp
 .It \-isoC-amd1  .It \-isoC-amd1
 .St -isoC-amd1  .St -isoC-amd1
   .Pp
 .It \-isoC-tcor1  .It \-isoC-tcor1
 .St -isoC-tcor1  .St -isoC-tcor1
   .Pp
 .It \-isoC-tcor2  .It \-isoC-tcor2
 .St -isoC-tcor2  .St -isoC-tcor2
   .Pp
 .It \-isoC-99  .It \-isoC-99
 .St -isoC-99  .St -isoC-99
   .It \-ansiC-99
   .St -ansiC-99
   .br
   The second major version of the C language standard.
   .Pp
 .It \-isoC-2011  .It \-isoC-2011
 .St -isoC-2011  .St -isoC-2011
   .br
   The third major version of the C language standard.
   .El
   .It POSIX.1 before the Single UNIX Specification
   .Pp
   .Bl -tag -width "-p1003.1g-2000" -compact
   .It \-p1003.1-88
   .St -p1003.1-88
   .It \-p1003.1
   .St -p1003.1
   .br
   The original POSIX standard, based on ANSI C.
   .Pp
   .It \-p1003.1-90
   .St -p1003.1-90
 .It \-iso9945-1-90  .It \-iso9945-1-90
 .St -iso9945-1-90  .St -iso9945-1-90
   .br
   The first update of POSIX.1.
   .Pp
   .It \-p1003.1b-93
   .St -p1003.1b-93
   .It \-p1003.1b
   .St -p1003.1b
   .br
   Real-time extensions.
   .Pp
   .It \-p1003.1c-95
   .St -p1003.1c-95
   .br
   POSIX thread interfaces.
   .Pp
   .It \-p1003.1i-95
   .St -p1003.1i-95
   .br
   Technical Corrigendum.
   .Pp
   .It \-p1003.1-96
   .St -p1003.1-96
 .It \-iso9945-1-96  .It \-iso9945-1-96
 .St -iso9945-1-96  .St -iso9945-1-96
 .It \-iso9945-2-93  .br
 .St -iso9945-2-93  Includes POSIX.1-1990, 1b, 1c, and 1i.
 .It \-ansiC  .El
 .St -ansiC  .It X/Open Portability Guide version 4 and related standards
 .It \-ansiC-89  .Pp
 .St -ansiC-89  .Bl -tag -width "-p1003.1g-2000" -compact
 .It \-ansiC-99  
 .St -ansiC-99  
 .It \-ieee754  
 .St -ieee754  
 .It \-iso8802-3  
 .St -iso8802-3  
 .It \-iso8601  
 .St -iso8601  
 .It \-ieee1275-94  
 .St -ieee1275-94  
 .It \-xpg3  .It \-xpg3
 .St -xpg3  .St -xpg3
   .br
   An XPG4 precursor, published in 1989.
   .Pp
   .It \-p1003.2
   .St -p1003.2
   .It \-p1003.2-92
   .St -p1003.2-92
   .It \-iso9945-2-93
   .St -iso9945-2-93
   .br
   An XCU4 precursor.
   .Pp
   .It \-p1003.2a-92
   .St -p1003.2a-92
   .br
   Updates to POSIX.2.
   .Pp
 .It \-xpg4  .It \-xpg4
 .St -xpg4  .St -xpg4
   .br
   Based on POSIX.1 and POSIX.2, published in 1992.
   .El
   .It Single UNIX Specification version 1 and related standards
   .Pp
   .Bl -tag -width "-p1003.1g-2000" -compact
 .It \-xpg4.2  .It \-xpg4.2
 .St -xpg4.2  .St -xpg4.2
   .br
   This standard was published in 1994 and is also called SUSv1.
   It was used as the basis for UNIX 95 certification.
   The following three refer to parts of it.
   .Pp
   .It \-xsh4.2
   .St -xsh4.2
   .Pp
   .It \-xcurses4.2
   .St -xcurses4.2
   .Pp
   .It \-p1003.1g-2000
   .St -p1003.1g-2000
   .br
   Networking APIs, including sockets.
   .Pp
 .It \-xpg4.3  .It \-xpg4.3
 .St -xpg4.3  .St -xpg4.3
   .Pp
   .It \-svid4
   .St -svid4 ,
   .br
   Published in 1995.
   .El
   .It Single UNIX Specification version 2 and related standards
   .Pp
   .Bl -tag -width "-p1003.1g-2000" -compact
   .It \-susv2
   .St -susv2
   This Standard was published in 1997
   and is also called X/Open Portability Guide version 5.
   It was used as the basis for UNIX 98 certification.
   The following refer to parts of it.
   .Pp
 .It \-xbd5  .It \-xbd5
 .St -xbd5  .St -xbd5
 .It \-xcu5  .Pp
 .St -xcu5  
 .It \-xsh4.2  
 .St -xsh4.2  
 .It \-xsh5  .It \-xsh5
 .St -xsh5  .St -xsh5
   .Pp
   .It \-xcu5
   .St -xcu5
   .Pp
 .It \-xns5  .It \-xns5
 .St -xns5  .St -xns5
 .It \-xns5.2  
 .St -xns5.2  
 .It \-xns5.2d2.0  .It \-xns5.2d2.0
 .St -xns5.2d2.0  .St -xns5.2d2.0
 .It \-xcurses4.2  .It \-xns5.2
 .St -xcurses4.2  .St -xns5.2
 .It \-susv2  .Pp
 .St -susv2  .It \-p1387.2
   .St -p1387.2
   .It \-p1387.2-95
   .St -p1387.2-95
   .br
   POSIX software administration.
   .El
   .It Single UNIX Specification version 3 and related standards
   .Pp
   .Bl -tag -width "-p1003.1g-2000X" -compact
   .It \-p1003.1d-99
   .St -p1003.1d-99
   .br
   Additional real-time extensions.
   .Pp
   .It \-p1003.1j-2000
   .St -p1003.1j-2000
   .br
   Advanced real-time extensions.
   .Pp
   .It \-p1003.1q-2000
   .St -p1003.1q-2000
   .br
   Amendment 7: Tracing [C Language].
   .Pp
   .It \-p1003.1-2001
   .St -p1003.1-2001
 .It \-susv3  .It \-susv3
 .St -susv3  .St -susv3
 .It \-svid4  .br
 .St -svid4  This standard is based on C99, SUSv2, POSIX.1-1996, 1d, and 1j.
   It is also called X/Open Portability Guide version 6.
   It is used as the basis for UNIX 03 certification.
   .Pp
   .It \-p1003.1-2004
   .St -p1003.1-2004
   .br
   The second and last Technical Corrigendum.
 .El  .El
   .It Single UNIX Specification version 4
   .Pp
   .Bl -tag -width "-p1003.1g-2000" -compact
   .It \-p1003.1-2008
   .St -p1003.1-2008
   .br
   This standard is also called SUSv4 and
   X/Open Portability Guide version 7.
   .Pp
   .It \-p1003.1-2013
   .St -p1003.1-2013
   .br
   This is the first Technical Corrigendum.
   .El
   .It Other standards
   .Pp
   .Bl -tag -width "-p1003.1g-2000" -compact
   .It \-ieee754
   .St -ieee754
   .br
   Floating-point arithmetic.
   .Pp
   .It \-iso8601
   .St -iso8601
   .br
   Representation of dates and times, published in 1988.
   .Pp
   .It \-iso8802-3
   .St -iso8802-3
   .br
   Ethernet local area networks.
   .Pp
   .It \-ieee1275-94
   .St -ieee1275-94
   .El
   .El
 .Ss \&Sx  .Ss \&Sx
 Reference a section or subsection in the same manual page.  Reference a section or subsection in the same manual page.
 The referenced section or subsection name must be identical to the  The referenced section or subsection name must be identical to the
Line 2492  Table cell separator in
Line 2649  Table cell separator in
 lists; can only be used below  lists; can only be used below
 .Sx \&It .  .Sx \&It .
 .Ss \&Tn  .Ss \&Tn
 Format a tradename.  Supported only for compatibility, do not use this in new manuals.
 .Pp  Even though the macro name
 Since this macro is often implemented to use a small caps font,  .Pq Dq tradename
 it has historically been used for acronyms (like ASCII) as well.  suggests a semantic function, historic usage is inconsistent, mostly
 Such usage is not recommended because it would use the same macro  using it as a presentation-level macro to request a small caps font.
 sometimes for semantical annotation, sometimes for physical formatting.  
 .Pp  
 Examples:  
 .Dl \&.Tn IBM  
 .Ss \&Ud  .Ss \&Ud
   Supported only for compatibility, do not use this in new manuals.
 Prints out  Prints out
 .Dq currently under development.  .Dq currently under development.
 .Ss \&Ux  .Ss \&Ux
 Format the  Supported only for compatibility, do not use this in new manuals.
 .Ux  Prints out
 name.  .Dq Ux .
 Accepts no argument.  
 .Pp  
 Examples:  
 .Dl \&.Ux  
 .Pp  
 See also  
 .Sx \&At ,  
 .Sx \&Bsx ,  
 .Sx \&Bx ,  
 .Sx \&Dx ,  
 .Sx \&Fx ,  
 .Sx \&Nx ,  
 and  
 .Sx \&Ox .  
 .Ss \&Va  .Ss \&Va
 A variable name.  A variable name.
 .Pp  .Pp
Line 2773  end of the line.
Line 2913  end of the line.
 .It Sx \&D1  Ta    \&No     Ta    \&Yes  .It Sx \&D1  Ta    \&No     Ta    \&Yes
 .It Sx \&Dl  Ta    \&No     Ta    Yes  .It Sx \&Dl  Ta    \&No     Ta    Yes
 .It Sx \&Dq  Ta    Yes      Ta    Yes  .It Sx \&Dq  Ta    Yes      Ta    Yes
   .It Sx \&En  Ta    Yes      Ta    Yes
 .It Sx \&Op  Ta    Yes      Ta    Yes  .It Sx \&Op  Ta    Yes      Ta    Yes
 .It Sx \&Pq  Ta    Yes      Ta    Yes  .It Sx \&Pq  Ta    Yes      Ta    Yes
 .It Sx \&Ql  Ta    Yes      Ta    Yes  .It Sx \&Ql  Ta    Yes      Ta    Yes
Line 2850  then the macro accepts an arbitrary number of argument
Line 2991  then the macro accepts an arbitrary number of argument
 .It Sx \&Dv  Ta    Yes      Ta    Yes      Ta    >0  .It Sx \&Dv  Ta    Yes      Ta    Yes      Ta    >0
 .It Sx \&Dx  Ta    Yes      Ta    Yes      Ta    n  .It Sx \&Dx  Ta    Yes      Ta    Yes      Ta    n
 .It Sx \&Em  Ta    Yes      Ta    Yes      Ta    >0  .It Sx \&Em  Ta    Yes      Ta    Yes      Ta    >0
 .It Sx \&En  Ta    \&No     Ta    \&No     Ta    0  
 .It Sx \&Er  Ta    Yes      Ta    Yes      Ta    >0  .It Sx \&Er  Ta    Yes      Ta    Yes      Ta    >0
 .It Sx \&Es  Ta    \&No     Ta    \&No     Ta    0  .It Sx \&Es  Ta    Yes      Ta    Yes      Ta    2
 .It Sx \&Ev  Ta    Yes      Ta    Yes      Ta    >0  .It Sx \&Ev  Ta    Yes      Ta    Yes      Ta    >0
 .It Sx \&Ex  Ta    \&No     Ta    \&No     Ta    n  .It Sx \&Ex  Ta    \&No     Ta    \&No     Ta    n
 .It Sx \&Fa  Ta    Yes      Ta    Yes      Ta    >0  .It Sx \&Fa  Ta    Yes      Ta    Yes      Ta    >0
 .It Sx \&Fd  Ta    \&No     Ta    \&No     Ta    >0  .It Sx \&Fd  Ta    \&No     Ta    \&No     Ta    >0
 .It Sx \&Fl  Ta    Yes      Ta    Yes      Ta    n  .It Sx \&Fl  Ta    Yes      Ta    Yes      Ta    n
 .It Sx \&Fn  Ta    Yes      Ta    Yes      Ta    >0  .It Sx \&Fn  Ta    Yes      Ta    Yes      Ta    >0
 .It Sx \&Fr  Ta    \&No     Ta    \&No     Ta    n  .It Sx \&Fr  Ta    Yes      Ta    Yes      Ta    >0
 .It Sx \&Ft  Ta    Yes      Ta    Yes      Ta    >0  .It Sx \&Ft  Ta    Yes      Ta    Yes      Ta    >0
 .It Sx \&Fx  Ta    Yes      Ta    Yes      Ta    n  .It Sx \&Fx  Ta    Yes      Ta    Yes      Ta    n
 .It Sx \&Hf  Ta    \&No     Ta    \&No     Ta    n  .It Sx \&Hf  Ta    \&No     Ta    \&No     Ta    n
Line 2876  then the macro accepts an arbitrary number of argument
Line 3016  then the macro accepts an arbitrary number of argument
 .It Sx \&Ns  Ta    Yes      Ta    Yes      Ta    0  .It Sx \&Ns  Ta    Yes      Ta    Yes      Ta    0
 .It Sx \&Nx  Ta    Yes      Ta    Yes      Ta    n  .It Sx \&Nx  Ta    Yes      Ta    Yes      Ta    n
 .It Sx \&Os  Ta    \&No     Ta    \&No     Ta    n  .It Sx \&Os  Ta    \&No     Ta    \&No     Ta    n
 .It Sx \&Ot  Ta    \&No     Ta    \&No     Ta    n  .It Sx \&Ot  Ta    Yes      Ta    Yes      Ta    >0
 .It Sx \&Ox  Ta    Yes      Ta    Yes      Ta    n  .It Sx \&Ox  Ta    Yes      Ta    Yes      Ta    n
 .It Sx \&Pa  Ta    Yes      Ta    Yes      Ta    n  .It Sx \&Pa  Ta    Yes      Ta    Yes      Ta    n
 .It Sx \&Pf  Ta    Yes      Ta    Yes      Ta    1  .It Sx \&Pf  Ta    Yes      Ta    Yes      Ta    1
Line 2998  Manually switching the font using the
Line 3138  Manually switching the font using the
 .Ql \ef  .Ql \ef
 font escape sequences is never required.  font escape sequences is never required.
 .Sh COMPATIBILITY  .Sh COMPATIBILITY
 This section documents compatibility between mandoc and other  This section provides an incomplete list of compatibility issues
 troff implementations, at this time limited to GNU troff  between mandoc and other troff implementations, at this time limited
   to GNU troff
 .Pq Qq groff .  .Pq Qq groff .
 The term  The term
 .Qq historic groff  .Qq historic groff
Line 3108  certain list types.
Line 3249  certain list types.
 can only be called by other macros, but not at the beginning of a line.  can only be called by other macros, but not at the beginning of a line.
 .It  .It
 .Sx \&%C  .Sx \&%C
 is not implemented.  is not implemented (up to and including groff-1.22.2).
 .It  .It
 Historic groff only allows up to eight or nine arguments per macro input  Historic groff only allows up to eight or nine arguments per macro input
 line, depending on the exact situation.  line, depending on the exact situation.
Line 3126  in new groff and mandoc.
Line 3267  in new groff and mandoc.
 .Sq \ef  .Sq \ef
 .Pq font face  .Pq font face
 and  and
 .Sq \ef  .Sq \eF
 .Pq font family face  .Pq font family face
 .Sx Text Decoration  .Sx Text Decoration
 escapes behave irregularly when specified within line-macro scopes.  escapes behave irregularly when specified within line-macro scopes.
Line 3143  The following features are unimplemented in mandoc:
Line 3284  The following features are unimplemented in mandoc:
 .Fl file Ar file .  .Fl file Ar file .
 .It  .It
 .Sx \&Bd  .Sx \&Bd
 .Fl offset Ar center  .Fl offset Cm center
 and  and
 .Fl offset Ar right .  .Fl offset Cm right .
 Groff does not implement centred and flush-right rendering either,  Groff does not implement centred and flush-right rendering either,
 but produces large indentations.  but produces large indentations.
 .It  
 The  
 .Sq \eh  
 .Pq horizontal position ,  
 .Sq \ev  
 .Pq vertical position ,  
 .Sq \em  
 .Pq text colour ,  
 .Sq \eM  
 .Pq text filling colour ,  
 .Sq \ez  
 .Pq zero-length character ,  
 .Sq \ew  
 .Pq string length ,  
 .Sq \ek  
 .Pq horizontal position marker ,  
 .Sq \eo  
 .Pq text overstrike ,  
 and  
 .Sq \es  
 .Pq text size  
 escape sequences are all discarded in mandoc.  
 .It  
 The  
 .Sq \ef  
 scaling unit is accepted by mandoc, but rendered as the default unit.  
 .It  
 In quoted literals, groff allows pairwise double-quotes to produce a  
 standalone double-quote in formatted output.  
 This is not supported by mandoc.  
 .El  .El
 .Sh SEE ALSO  .Sh SEE ALSO
 .Xr man 1 ,  .Xr man 1 ,
Legend:
Removed from v.1.223  
changed lines
  Added in v.1.233
CVSweb