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Diff for /mandoc/mdoc.7 between version 1.243 and 1.272

version 1.243, 2014/11/28 18:09:01 version 1.272, 2018/12/23 15:32:31
Line 1 
Line 1 
 .\"     $Id$  .\"     $Id$
 .\"  .\"
 .\" Copyright (c) 2009, 2010, 2011 Kristaps Dzonsons <kristaps@bsd.lv>  .\" Copyright (c) 2009, 2010, 2011 Kristaps Dzonsons <kristaps@bsd.lv>
 .\" Copyright (c) 2010, 2011, 2013 Ingo Schwarze <schwarze@openbsd.org>  .\" Copyright (c) 2010, 2011, 2013-2018 Ingo Schwarze <schwarze@openbsd.org>
 .\"  .\"
 .\" Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any  .\" Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any
 .\" purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above  .\" purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
Line 304  Print verbose information.
Line 304  Print verbose information.
 \&.El  \&.El
 .Ed  .Ed
 .Pp  .Pp
   List the options in alphabetical order,
   uppercase before lowercase for each letter and
   with no regard to whether an option takes an argument.
   Put digits in ascending order before all letter options.
   .Pp
 Manuals not documenting a command won't include the above fragment.  Manuals not documenting a command won't include the above fragment.
 .Pp  .Pp
 Since the  Since the
Line 433  in the alphabetical
Line 438  in the alphabetical
 .Ss Document preamble and NAME section macros  .Ss Document preamble and NAME section macros
 .Bl -column "Brq, Bro, Brc" description  .Bl -column "Brq, Bro, Brc" description
 .It Sx \&Dd Ta document date: Cm $\&Mdocdate$ | Ar month day , year  .It Sx \&Dd Ta document date: Cm $\&Mdocdate$ | Ar month day , year
 .It Sx \&Dt Ta document title: Ar TITLE section Op Ar volume | arch  .It Sx \&Dt Ta document title: Ar TITLE section Op Ar arch
 .It Sx \&Os Ta operating system version: Op Ar system Op Ar version  .It Sx \&Os Ta operating system version: Op Ar system Op Ar version
 .It Sx \&Nm Ta document name (one argument)  .It Sx \&Nm Ta document name (one argument)
 .It Sx \&Nd Ta document description (one line)  .It Sx \&Nd Ta document description (one line)
Line 444  in the alphabetical
Line 449  in the alphabetical
 .It Sx \&Ss Ta subsection header (one line)  .It Sx \&Ss Ta subsection header (one line)
 .It Sx \&Sx Ta internal cross reference to a section or subsection  .It Sx \&Sx Ta internal cross reference to a section or subsection
 .It Sx \&Xr Ta cross reference to another manual page: Ar name section  .It Sx \&Xr Ta cross reference to another manual page: Ar name section
 .It Sx \&Pp , \&Lp Ta start a text paragraph (no arguments)  .It Sx \&Pp Ta start a text paragraph (no arguments)
 .El  .El
 .Ss Displays and lists  .Ss Displays and lists
 .Bl -column "Brq, Bro, Brc" description  .Bl -column "Brq, Bro, Brc" description
Line 454  in the alphabetical
Line 459  in the alphabetical
 .Op Fl compact  .Op Fl compact
 .It Sx \&D1 Ta indented display (one line)  .It Sx \&D1 Ta indented display (one line)
 .It Sx \&Dl Ta indented literal display (one line)  .It Sx \&Dl Ta indented literal display (one line)
   .It Sx \&Ql Ta in-line literal display: Ql text
 .It Sx \&Bl , \&El Ta list block:  .It Sx \&Bl , \&El Ta list block:
 .Fl Ar type  .Fl Ar type
 .Op Fl width Ar val  .Op Fl width Ar val
Line 470  in the alphabetical
Line 476  in the alphabetical
 .It Sx \&Ap Ta apostrophe without surrounding whitespace (no arguments)  .It Sx \&Ap Ta apostrophe without surrounding whitespace (no arguments)
 .It Sx \&Sm Ta switch horizontal spacing mode: Op Cm on | off  .It Sx \&Sm Ta switch horizontal spacing mode: Op Cm on | off
 .It Sx \&Bk , \&Ek Ta keep block: Fl words  .It Sx \&Bk , \&Ek Ta keep block: Fl words
 .It Sx \&br Ta force output line break in text mode (no arguments)  
 .It Sx \&sp Ta force vertical space: Op Ar height  
 .El  .El
 .Ss Semantic markup for command line utilities:  .Ss Semantic markup for command line utilities
 .Bl -column "Brq, Bro, Brc" description  .Bl -column "Brq, Bro, Brc" description
 .It Sx \&Nm Ta start a SYNOPSIS block with the name of a utility  .It Sx \&Nm Ta start a SYNOPSIS block with the name of a utility
 .It Sx \&Fl Ta command line options (flags) (>=0 arguments)  .It Sx \&Fl Ta command line options (flags) (>=0 arguments)
Line 484  in the alphabetical
Line 488  in the alphabetical
 .It Sx \&Ev Ta environmental variable (>0 arguments)  .It Sx \&Ev Ta environmental variable (>0 arguments)
 .It Sx \&Pa Ta file system path (>=0 arguments)  .It Sx \&Pa Ta file system path (>=0 arguments)
 .El  .El
 .Ss Semantic markup for function libraries:  .Ss Semantic markup for function libraries
 .Bl -column "Brq, Bro, Brc" description  .Bl -column "Brq, Bro, Brc" description
 .It Sx \&Lb Ta function library (one argument)  .It Sx \&Lb Ta function library (one argument)
 .It Sx \&In Ta include file (one argument)  .It Sx \&In Ta include file (one argument)
Line 505  in the alphabetical
Line 509  in the alphabetical
 .It Sx \&Er Ta error constant (>0 arguments)  .It Sx \&Er Ta error constant (>0 arguments)
 .It Sx \&Ev Ta environmental variable (>0 arguments)  .It Sx \&Ev Ta environmental variable (>0 arguments)
 .El  .El
 .Ss Various semantic markup:  .Ss Various semantic markup
 .Bl -column "Brq, Bro, Brc" description  .Bl -column "Brq, Bro, Brc" description
 .It Sx \&An Ta author name (>0 arguments)  .It Sx \&An Ta author name (>0 arguments)
 .It Sx \&Lk Ta hyperlink: Ar uri Op Ar name  .It Sx \&Lk Ta hyperlink: Ar uri Op Ar name
Line 528  in the alphabetical
Line 532  in the alphabetical
 .It Sx \&Dq , \&Do , \&Dc Ta enclose in typographic double quotes: Dq text  .It Sx \&Dq , \&Do , \&Dc Ta enclose in typographic double quotes: Dq text
 .It Sx \&Qq , \&Qo , \&Qc Ta enclose in typewriter double quotes: Qq text  .It Sx \&Qq , \&Qo , \&Qc Ta enclose in typewriter double quotes: Qq text
 .It Sx \&Sq , \&So , \&Sc Ta enclose in single quotes: Sq text  .It Sx \&Sq , \&So , \&Sc Ta enclose in single quotes: Sq text
 .It Sx \&Ql Ta single-quoted literal text: Ql text  
 .It Sx \&Pq , \&Po , \&Pc Ta enclose in parentheses: Pq text  .It Sx \&Pq , \&Po , \&Pc Ta enclose in parentheses: Pq text
 .It Sx \&Bq , \&Bo , \&Bc Ta enclose in square brackets: Bq text  .It Sx \&Bq , \&Bo , \&Bc Ta enclose in square brackets: Bq text
 .It Sx \&Brq , \&Bro , \&Brc Ta enclose in curly braces: Brq text  .It Sx \&Brq , \&Bro , \&Brc Ta enclose in curly braces: Brq text
Line 671  Examples:
Line 674  Examples:
 .Ss \&Ao  .Ss \&Ao
 Begin a block enclosed by angle brackets.  Begin a block enclosed by angle brackets.
 Does not have any head arguments.  Does not have any head arguments.
 .Pp  This macro is almost never useful.
 Examples:  See
 .Dl \&.Fl -key= \&Ns \&Ao \&Ar val \&Ac  .Sx \&Aq
 .Pp  for more details.
 See also  
 .Sx \&Aq .  
 .Ss \&Ap  .Ss \&Ap
 Inserts an apostrophe without any surrounding whitespace.  Inserts an apostrophe without any surrounding whitespace.
 This is generally used as a grammatical device when referring to the verb  This is generally used as a grammatical device when referring to the verb
Line 686  Examples:
Line 687  Examples:
 .Dl \&.Fn execve \&Ap d  .Dl \&.Fn execve \&Ap d
 .Ss \&Aq  .Ss \&Aq
 Encloses its arguments in angle brackets.  Encloses its arguments in angle brackets.
   The only important use case is for email addresses.
   See
   .Sx \&Mt
   for an example.
 .Pp  .Pp
 Examples:  Occasionally, it is used for names of characters and keys, for example:
 .Dl \&.Fl -key= \&Ns \&Aq \&Ar val  .Bd -literal -offset indent
   Press the
   \&.Aq escape
   key to ...
   .Ed
 .Pp  .Pp
 .Em Remarks :  For URIs, use
 this macro is often abused for rendering URIs, which should instead use  
 .Sx \&Lk  .Sx \&Lk
   instead, and
   .Sx \&In
   for
   .Dq #include
   directives.
   Never wrap
   .Sx \&Ar
   in
   .Sx \&Aq .
   .Pp
   Since
   .Sx \&Aq
   usually renders with non-ASCII characters in non-ASCII output modes,
   do not use it where the ASCII characters
   .Sq <
   and
   .Sq >
   are required as syntax elements.
   Instead, use these characters directly in such cases, combining them
   with the macros
   .Sx \&Pf ,
   .Sx \&Ns ,
 or  or
 .Sx \&Mt ,  .Sx \&Eo
 or to note pre-processor  as needed.
 .Dq Li #include  
 statements, which should use  
 .Sx \&In .  
 .Pp  .Pp
 See also  See also
 .Sx \&Ao .  .Sx \&Ao .
Line 732  A version of
Line 759  A version of
 .At .  .At .
 .It Cm III  .It Cm III
 .At III .  .At III .
 .It Cm V[.[1-4]]?  .It Cm V | V.[1-4]
 A version of  A version of
 .At V .  .At V .
 .El  .El
Line 777  The
Line 804  The
 must be one of the following:  must be one of the following:
 .Bl -tag -width 13n -offset indent  .Bl -tag -width 13n -offset indent
 .It Fl centered  .It Fl centered
 Produce one output line from each input line, and centre-justify each line.  Produce one output line from each input line, and center-justify each line.
 Using this display type is not recommended; many  Using this display type is not recommended; many
 .Nm  .Nm
 implementations render it poorly.  implementations render it poorly.
Line 822  which has no effect;
Line 849  which has no effect;
 .Cm right ,  .Cm right ,
 which justifies to the right margin; or  which justifies to the right margin; or
 .Cm center ,  .Cm center ,
 which aligns around an imagined centre axis.  which aligns around an imagined center axis.
 .It  .It
 A macro invocation, which selects a predefined width  A macro invocation, which selects a predefined width
 associated with that macro.  associated with that macro.
Line 969  argument.
Line 996  argument.
 A columnated list.  A columnated list.
 The  The
 .Fl width  .Fl width
 argument has no effect; instead, each argument specifies the width  argument has no effect; instead, the string length of each argument
 of one column, using either the scaling width syntax described in  specifies the width of one column.
 .Xr roff 7  
 or the string length of the argument.  
 If the first line of the body of a  If the first line of the body of a
 .Fl column  .Fl column
 list is not an  list is not an
Line 1209  The
Line 1234  The
 .Ar month  .Ar month
 is the full English month name, the  is the full English month name, the
 .Ar day  .Ar day
 is an optionally zero-padded numeral, and the  is an integer number, and the
 .Ar year  .Ar year
 is the full four-digit year.  is the full four-digit year.
 .Pp  .Pp
Line 1239  If no date string is given, the current date is used.
Line 1264  If no date string is given, the current date is used.
 .Pp  .Pp
 Examples:  Examples:
 .Dl \&.Dd $\&Mdocdate$  .Dl \&.Dd $\&Mdocdate$
 .Dl \&.Dd $\&Mdocdate: July 21 2007$  .Dl \&.Dd $\&Mdocdate: July 2 2018$
 .Dl \&.Dd July 21, 2007  .Dl \&.Dd July 2, 2018
 .Pp  .Pp
 See also  See also
 .Sx \&Dt  .Sx \&Dt
Line 1256  Examples:
Line 1281  Examples:
 .Dl \&.Dl % mandoc mdoc.7 \e(ba less  .Dl \&.Dl % mandoc mdoc.7 \e(ba less
 .Pp  .Pp
 See also  See also
   .Sx \&Ql ,
 .Sx \&Bd  .Sx \&Bd
   .Fl literal ,
 and  and
 .Sx \&D1 .  .Sx \&D1 .
 .Ss \&Do  .Ss \&Do
Line 1299  Its syntax is as follows:
Line 1326  Its syntax is as follows:
 .Pf \. Sx \&Dt  .Pf \. Sx \&Dt
 .Ar TITLE  .Ar TITLE
 .Ar section  .Ar section
 .Op Ar volume | arch  .Op Ar arch
 .Ed  .Ed
 .Pp  .Pp
 Its arguments are as follows:  Its arguments are as follows:
Line 1314  it should by convention be all caps.
Line 1341  it should by convention be all caps.
 The manual section.  The manual section.
 This may be one of  This may be one of
 .Cm 1  .Cm 1
 .Pq utilities ,  .Pq General Commands ,
 .Cm 2  .Cm 2
 .Pq system calls ,  .Pq System Calls ,
 .Cm 3  .Cm 3
 .Pq libraries ,  .Pq Library Functions ,
 .Cm 3p  .Cm 3p
 .Pq Perl libraries ,  .Pq Perl Library ,
 .Cm 4  .Cm 4
 .Pq devices ,  .Pq Device Drivers ,
 .Cm 5  .Cm 5
 .Pq file formats ,  .Pq File Formats ,
 .Cm 6  .Cm 6
 .Pq games ,  .Pq Games ,
 .Cm 7  .Cm 7
 .Pq miscellaneous ,  .Pq Miscellaneous Information ,
 .Cm 8  .Cm 8
 .Pq system utilities ,  .Pq System Manager's Manual ,
 .Cm 9  
 .Pq kernel functions ,  
 .Cm X11  
 .Pq X Window System ,  
 .Cm X11R6  
 .Pq X Window System ,  
 .Cm unass  
 .Pq unassociated ,  
 .Cm local  
 .Pq local system ,  
 .Cm draft  
 .Pq draft manual ,  
 or  or
 .Cm paper  .Cm 9
 .Pq paper .  .Pq Kernel Developer's Manual .
 It should correspond to the manual's filename suffix and defaults to  It should correspond to the manual's filename suffix and defaults to
 the empty string if unspecified.  the empty string if unspecified.
 .It Ar volume  
 This overrides the volume inferred from  
 .Ar section .  
 This field is optional, and if specified, must be one of  
 .Cm USD  
 .Pq users' supplementary documents ,  
 .Cm PS1  
 .Pq programmers' supplementary documents ,  
 .Cm AMD  
 .Pq administrators' supplementary documents ,  
 .Cm SMM  
 .Pq system managers' manuals ,  
 .Cm URM  
 .Pq users' reference manuals ,  
 .Cm PRM  
 .Pq programmers' reference manuals ,  
 .Cm KM  
 .Pq kernel manuals ,  
 .Cm IND  
 .Pq master index ,  
 .Cm MMI  
 .Pq master index ,  
 .Cm LOCAL  
 .Pq local manuals ,  
 .Cm LOC  
 .Pq local manuals ,  
 or  
 .Cm CON  
 .Pq contributed manuals .  
 .It Ar arch  .It Ar arch
 This specifies the machine architecture a manual page applies to,  This specifies the machine architecture a manual page applies to,
 where relevant, for example  where relevant, for example
Line 1390  The list of valid architectures varies by operating sy
Line 1376  The list of valid architectures varies by operating sy
 .Pp  .Pp
 Examples:  Examples:
 .Dl \&.Dt FOO 1  .Dl \&.Dt FOO 1
 .Dl \&.Dt FOO 4 KM  
 .Dl \&.Dt FOO 9 i386  .Dl \&.Dt FOO 9 i386
 .Pp  .Pp
 See also  See also
Line 1662  See also
Line 1647  See also
 A function name.  A function name.
 Its syntax is as follows:  Its syntax is as follows:
 .Bd -ragged -offset indent  .Bd -ragged -offset indent
 .Pf \. Ns Sx \&Fn  .Pf . Sx \&Fn
 .Op Ar functype  .Op Ar functype
 .Ar funcname  .Ar funcname
 .Op Oo Ar argtype Oc Ar argname  .Op Oo Ar argtype Oc Ar argname
Line 1798  is preferred for displaying code; the
Line 1783  is preferred for displaying code; the
 .Sx \&Ic  .Sx \&Ic
 macro is used when referring to specific instructions.  macro is used when referring to specific instructions.
 .Ss \&In  .Ss \&In
 An  The name of an include file.
 .Dq include  This macro is most often used in section 2, 3, and 9 manual pages.
 file.  .Pp
 When invoked as the first macro on an input line in the  When invoked as the first macro on an input line in the
 .Em SYNOPSIS  .Em SYNOPSIS
 section, the argument is displayed in angle brackets  section, the argument is displayed in angle brackets
 and preceded by  and preceded by
 .Dq #include ,  .Qq #include ,
 and a blank line is inserted in front if there is a preceding  and a blank line is inserted in front if there is a preceding
 function declaration.  function declaration.
 This is most often used in section 2, 3, and 9 manual pages.  In other sections, it only encloses its argument in angle brackets
   and causes no line break.
 .Pp  .Pp
 Examples:  Examples:
 .Dl \&.In sys/types.h  .Dl \&.In sys/types.h
Line 1865  The
Line 1851  The
 list is the most complicated.  list is the most complicated.
 Its syntax is as follows:  Its syntax is as follows:
 .Pp  .Pp
 .D1 Pf \. Sx \&It Ar cell Op <TAB> Ar cell ...  
 .D1 Pf \. Sx \&It Ar cell Op Sx \&Ta Ar cell ...  .D1 Pf \. Sx \&It Ar cell Op Sx \&Ta Ar cell ...
   .D1 Pf \. Sx \&It Ar cell Op <TAB> Ar cell ...
 .Pp  .Pp
 The arguments consist of one or more lines of text and macros  The arguments consist of one or more lines of text and macros
 representing a complete table line.  representing a complete table line.
 Cells within the line are delimited by tabs or by the special  Cells within the line are delimited by the special
 .Sx \&Ta  .Sx \&Ta
 block macro.  block macro or by literal tab characters.
   .Pp
   Using literal tabs is strongly discouraged because they are very
   hard to use correctly and
   .Nm
   code using them is very hard to read.
   In particular, a blank character is syntactically significant
   before and after the literal tab character.
   If a word precedes or follows the tab without an intervening blank,
   that word is never interpreted as a macro call, but always output
   literally.
   .Pp
 The tab cell delimiter may only be used within the  The tab cell delimiter may only be used within the
 .Sx \&It  .Sx \&It
 line itself; on following lines, only the  line itself; on following lines, only the
 .Sx \&Ta  .Sx \&Ta
 macro can be used to delimit cells, and  macro can be used to delimit cells, and portability requires that
 .Sx \&Ta  .Sx \&Ta
 is only recognised as a macro when called by other macros,  is called by other macros: some parsers do not recognize it when
 not as the first macro on a line.  it appears as the first macro on a line.
 .Pp  .Pp
 Note that quoted strings may span tab-delimited cells on an  Note that quoted strings may span tab-delimited cells on an
 .Sx \&It  .Sx \&It
 line.  line.
 For example,  For example,
 .Pp  .Pp
 .Dl .It \(dqcol1 ; <TAB> col2 ;\(dq \&;  .Dl .It \(dqcol1 ,\& <TAB> col2 ,\(dq \&;
 .Pp  .Pp
 will preserve the semicolon whitespace except for the last.  will preserve the whitespace before both commas,
   but not the whitespace before the semicolon.
 .Pp  .Pp
 See also  See also
 .Sx \&Bl .  .Sx \&Bl .
Line 1945  Examples:
Line 1943  Examples:
 See also  See also
 .Sx \&Mt .  .Sx \&Mt .
 .Ss \&Lp  .Ss \&Lp
 Synonym for  Deprecated synonym for
 .Sx \&Pp .  .Sx \&Pp .
 .Ss \&Ms  .Ss \&Ms
 Display a mathematical symbol.  Display a mathematical symbol.
Line 1969  Examples:
Line 1967  Examples:
 .Dl \&.An Kristaps Dzonsons \&Aq \&Mt kristaps@bsd.lv  .Dl \&.An Kristaps Dzonsons \&Aq \&Mt kristaps@bsd.lv
 .Ss \&Nd  .Ss \&Nd
 A one line description of the manual's content.  A one line description of the manual's content.
 This may only be invoked in the  This is the mandatory last macro of the
 .Em SYNOPSIS  .Em NAME
 section subsequent the  section and not appropriate for other sections.
 .Sx \&Nm  
 macro.  
 .Pp  .Pp
 Examples:  Examples:
 .Dl Pf . Sx \&Nd mdoc language reference  .Dl Pf . Sx \&Nd mdoc language reference
Line 2130  Its syntax is as follows:
Line 2126  Its syntax is as follows:
 The optional  The optional
 .Ar system  .Ar system
 parameter specifies the relevant operating system or environment.  parameter specifies the relevant operating system or environment.
 Left unspecified, it defaults to the local operating system version.  It is suggested to leave it unspecified, in which case
 This is the suggested form.  .Xr mandoc 1
   uses its
   .Fl Ios
   argument or, if that isn't specified either,
   .Fa sysname
   and
   .Fa release
   as returned by
   .Xr uname 3 .
 .Pp  .Pp
 Examples:  Examples:
 .Dl \&.Os  .Dl \&.Os
Line 2188  See also
Line 2192  See also
 Close parenthesised context opened by  Close parenthesised context opened by
 .Sx \&Po .  .Sx \&Po .
 .Ss \&Pf  .Ss \&Pf
 Removes the space between its argument  Removes the space between its argument and the following macro.
 .Pq Dq prefix  
 and the following macro.  
 Its syntax is as follows:  Its syntax is as follows:
 .Pp  .Pp
 .D1 .Pf Ar prefix macro arguments ...  .D1 .Pf Ar prefix macro arguments ...
 .Pp  .Pp
 This is equivalent to:  This is equivalent to:
 .Pp  .Pp
 .D1 .No Ar prefix No \&Ns Ar macro arguments ...  .D1 .No \e& Ns Ar prefix No \&Ns Ar macro arguments ...
 .Pp  .Pp
   The
   .Ar prefix
   argument is not parsed for macro names or delimiters,
   but used verbatim as if it were escaped.
   .Pp
 Examples:  Examples:
 .Dl ".Pf $ Ar variable_name"  .Dl ".Pf $ Ar variable_name"
   .Dl ".Pf . Ar macro_name"
 .Dl ".Pf 0x Ar hex_digits"  .Dl ".Pf 0x Ar hex_digits"
 .Pp  .Pp
 See also  See also
Line 2235  See also
Line 2243  See also
 Close quoted context opened by  Close quoted context opened by
 .Sx \&Qo .  .Sx \&Qo .
 .Ss \&Ql  .Ss \&Ql
 Format a single-quoted literal.  In-line literal display.
   This can for example be used for complete command invocations and
   for multi-word code fragments when more specific markup is not
   appropriate and an indented display is not desired.
   While
   .Xr mandoc 1
   always encloses the arguments in single quotes, other formatters
   usually omit the quotes on non-terminal output devices when the
   arguments have three or more characters.
   .Pp
 See also  See also
 .Sx \&Qq  .Sx \&Dl
 and  and
 .Sx \&Sq .  .Sx \&Bd
   .Fl literal .
 .Ss \&Qo  .Ss \&Qo
 Multi-line version of  Multi-line version of
 .Sx \&Qq .  .Sx \&Qq .
Line 2290  Examples:
Line 2308  Examples:
 \&.%A J. D. Ullman  \&.%A J. D. Ullman
 \&.%B Introduction to Automata Theory, Languages, and Computation  \&.%B Introduction to Automata Theory, Languages, and Computation
 \&.%I Addison-Wesley  \&.%I Addison-Wesley
 \&.%C Reading, Massachusettes  \&.%C Reading, Massachusetts
 \&.%D 1979  \&.%D 1979
 \&.Re  \&.Re
 .Ed  .Ed
Line 2426  The original C standard.
Line 2444  The original C standard.
 .Pp  .Pp
 .It \-isoC-99  .It \-isoC-99
 .St -isoC-99  .St -isoC-99
 .It \-ansiC-99  
 .St -ansiC-99  
 .br  .br
 The second major version of the C language standard.  The second major version of the C language standard.
 .Pp  .Pp
Line 2527  The following three refer to parts of it.
Line 2543  The following three refer to parts of it.
 .br  .br
 Networking APIs, including sockets.  Networking APIs, including sockets.
 .Pp  .Pp
 .It \-xpg4.3  
 .St -xpg4.3  
 .Pp  
 .It \-svid4  .It \-svid4
 .St -svid4 ,  .St -svid4 ,
 .br  .br
Line 2559  The following refer to parts of it.
Line 2572  The following refer to parts of it.
 .It \-xns5.2  .It \-xns5.2
 .St -xns5.2  .St -xns5.2
 .El  .El
 .It Single UNIX Specification version 3 and related standards  .It Single UNIX Specification version 3
 .Pp  .Pp
 .Bl -tag -width "-p1003.1g-2000X" -compact  .Bl -tag -width "-p1003.1-2001" -compact
 .It \-p1003.1d-99  
 .St -p1003.1d-99  
 .br  
 Additional real-time extensions.  
 .Pp  
 .It \-p1003.1-2001  .It \-p1003.1-2001
 .St -p1003.1-2001  .St -p1003.1-2001
 .It \-susv3  .It \-susv3
Line 2591  The second and last Technical Corrigendum.
Line 2599  The second and last Technical Corrigendum.
 .br  .br
 This standard is also called  This standard is also called
 X/Open Portability Guide version 7.  X/Open Portability Guide version 7.
 .Pp  
 .It \-p1003.1-2013  
 .St -p1003.1-2013  
 .br  
 This is the first Technical Corrigendum.  
 .El  .El
 .It Other standards  .It Other standards
 .Pp  .Pp
Line 2738  Link to another manual
Line 2741  Link to another manual
 .Pq Qq cross-reference .  .Pq Qq cross-reference .
 Its syntax is as follows:  Its syntax is as follows:
 .Pp  .Pp
 .D1 Pf \. Sx \&Xr Ar name Op section  .D1 Pf \. Sx \&Xr Ar name section
 .Pp  .Pp
 Cross reference the  Cross reference the
 .Ar name  .Ar name
 and  and
 .Ar section  .Ar section
 number of another man page;  number of another man page.
 omitting the section number is rarely useful.  
 .Pp  .Pp
 Examples:  Examples:
 .Dl \&.Xr mandoc 1  .Dl \&.Xr mandoc 1
 .Dl \&.Xr mandoc 1 \&;  .Dl \&.Xr mandoc 1 \&;
 .Dl \&.Xr mandoc 1 \&Ns s behaviour  .Dl \&.Xr mandoc 1 \&Ns s behaviour
 .Ss \&br  
 Emits a line-break.  
 This macro should not be used; it is implemented for compatibility with  
 historical manuals.  
 .Pp  
 Consider using  
 .Sx \&Pp  
 in the event of natural paragraph breaks.  
 .Ss \&sp  
 Emits vertical space.  
 This macro should not be used; it is implemented for compatibility with  
 historical manuals.  
 Its syntax is as follows:  
 .Pp  
 .D1 Pf \. Sx \&sp Op Ar height  
 .Pp  
 The  
 .Ar height  
 argument is a scaling width as described in  
 .Xr roff 7 .  
 If unspecified,  
 .Sx \&sp  
 asserts a single vertical space.  
 .Sh MACRO SYNTAX  .Sh MACRO SYNTAX
 The syntax of a macro depends on its classification.  The syntax of a macro depends on its classification.
 In this section,  In this section,
Line 3057  then the macro accepts an arbitrary number of argument
Line 3036  then the macro accepts an arbitrary number of argument
 .It Sx \&Ux  Ta    Yes      Ta    Yes      Ta    n  .It Sx \&Ux  Ta    Yes      Ta    Yes      Ta    n
 .It Sx \&Va  Ta    Yes      Ta    Yes      Ta    n  .It Sx \&Va  Ta    Yes      Ta    Yes      Ta    n
 .It Sx \&Vt  Ta    Yes      Ta    Yes      Ta    >0  .It Sx \&Vt  Ta    Yes      Ta    Yes      Ta    >0
 .It Sx \&Xr  Ta    Yes      Ta    Yes      Ta    >0  .It Sx \&Xr  Ta    Yes      Ta    Yes      Ta    2
 .It Sx \&br  Ta    \&No     Ta    \&No     Ta    0  
 .It Sx \&sp  Ta    \&No     Ta    \&No     Ta    1  
 .El  .El
 .Ss Delimiters  .Ss Delimiters
 When a macro argument consists of one single input character  When a macro argument consists of one single input character
Line 3077  For many macros, when the leading arguments are openin
Line 3054  For many macros, when the leading arguments are openin
 these delimiters are put before the macro scope,  these delimiters are put before the macro scope,
 and when the trailing arguments are closing delimiters,  and when the trailing arguments are closing delimiters,
 these delimiters are put after the macro scope.  these delimiters are put after the macro scope.
   Spacing is suppressed after opening delimiters
   and before closing delimiters.
 For example,  For example,
 .Pp  .Pp
 .D1 Pf \. \&Aq "( [ word ] ) ."  .D1 Pf \. \&Aq "( [ word ] ) ."
Line 3133  renders as:
Line 3112  renders as:
 .D1 Fl a ( b | c \*(Ba d ) e  .D1 Fl a ( b | c \*(Ba d ) e
 .Pp  .Pp
 This applies to both opening and closing delimiters,  This applies to both opening and closing delimiters,
 and also to the middle delimiter:  and also to the middle delimiter, which does not suppress spacing:
 .Pp  .Pp
 .Bl -tag -width Ds -offset indent -compact  .Bl -tag -width Ds -offset indent -compact
 .It \&|  .It \&|
Line 3165  Manually switching the font using the
Line 3144  Manually switching the font using the
 font escape sequences is never required.  font escape sequences is never required.
 .Sh COMPATIBILITY  .Sh COMPATIBILITY
 This section provides an incomplete list of compatibility issues  This section provides an incomplete list of compatibility issues
 between mandoc and other troff implementations, at this time limited  between mandoc and GNU troff
 to GNU troff  
 .Pq Qq groff .  .Pq Qq groff .
 The term  
 .Qq historic groff  
 refers to groff versions before 1.17,  
 which featured a significant update of the  
 .Pa doc.tmac  
 file.  
 .Pp  .Pp
 Heirloom troff, the other significant troff implementation accepting  
 \-mdoc, is similar to historic groff.  
 .Pp  
 The following problematic behaviour is found in groff:  The following problematic behaviour is found in groff:
 .ds hist (Historic groff only.)  
 .Pp  .Pp
 .Bl -dash -compact  .Bl -dash -compact
 .It  .It
 Display macros  
 .Po  
 .Sx \&Bd ,  
 .Sx \&Dl ,  
 and  
 .Sx \&D1  
 .Pc  
 may not be nested.  
 \*[hist]  
 .It  
 .Sx \&At  
 with unknown arguments produces no output at all.  
 \*[hist]  
 Newer groff and mandoc print  
 .Qq AT&T UNIX  
 and the arguments.  
 .It  
 .Sx \&Bl Fl column  
 does not recognise trailing punctuation characters when they immediately  
 precede tabulator characters, but treats them as normal text and  
 outputs a space before them.  
 .It  
 .Sx \&Bd Fl ragged compact  
 does not start a new line.  
 \*[hist]  
 .It  
 .Sx \&Dd  .Sx \&Dd
 with non-standard arguments behaves very strangely.  with non-standard arguments behaves very strangely.
 When there are three arguments, they are printed verbatim.  When there are three arguments, they are printed verbatim.
Line 3217  but without any arguments the string
Line 3159  but without any arguments the string
 .Dq Epoch  .Dq Epoch
 is printed.  is printed.
 .It  .It
 .Sx \&Fl  
 does not print a dash for an empty argument.  
 \*[hist]  
 .It  
 .Sx \&Fn  
 does not start a new line unless invoked as the line macro in the  
 .Em SYNOPSIS  
 section.  
 \*[hist]  
 .It  
 .Sx \&Fo  
 with  
 .Pf non- Sx \&Fa  
 children causes inconsistent spacing between arguments.  
 In mandoc, a single space is always inserted between arguments.  
 .It  
 .Sx \&Ft  
 in the  
 .Em SYNOPSIS  
 causes inconsistent vertical spacing, depending on whether a prior  
 .Sx \&Fn  
 has been invoked.  
 See  
 .Sx \&Ft  
 and  
 .Sx \&Fn  
 for the normalised behaviour in mandoc.  
 .It  
 .Sx \&In  
 ignores additional arguments and is not treated specially in the  
 .Em SYNOPSIS .  
 \*[hist]  
 .It  
 .Sx \&It  
 sometimes requires a  
 .Fl nested  
 flag.  
 \*[hist]  
 In new groff and mandoc, any list may be nested by default and  
 .Fl enum  
 lists will restart the sequence only for the sub-list.  
 .It  
 .Sx \&Li  
 followed by a delimiter is incorrectly used in some manuals  
 instead of properly quoting that character, which sometimes works with  
 historic groff.  
 .It  
 .Sx \&Lk  .Sx \&Lk
 only accepts a single link-name argument; the remainder is misformatted.  only accepts a single link-name argument; the remainder is misformatted.
 .It  .It
Line 3277  can only be called by other macros, but not at the beg
Line 3172  can only be called by other macros, but not at the beg
 .Sx \&%C  .Sx \&%C
 is not implemented (up to and including groff-1.22.2).  is not implemented (up to and including groff-1.22.2).
 .It  .It
 Historic groff only allows up to eight or nine arguments per macro input  
 line, depending on the exact situation.  
 Providing more arguments causes garbled output.  
 The number of arguments on one input line is not limited with mandoc.  
 .It  
 Historic groff has many un-callable macros.  
 Most of these (excluding some block-level macros) are callable  
 in new groff and mandoc.  
 .It  
 .Sq \(ba  
 (vertical bar) is not fully supported as a delimiter.  
 \*[hist]  
 .It  
 .Sq \ef  .Sq \ef
 .Pq font face  .Pq font face
 and  and
Line 3307  The following features are unimplemented in mandoc:
Line 3189  The following features are unimplemented in mandoc:
 .Bl -dash -compact  .Bl -dash -compact
 .It  .It
 .Sx \&Bd  .Sx \&Bd
 .Fl file Ar file .  .Fl file Ar file
   is unsupported for security reasons.
 .It  .It
 .Sx \&Bd  .Sx \&Bd
   .Fl filled
   does not adjust the right margin, but is an alias for
   .Sx \&Bd
   .Fl ragged .
   .It
   .Sx \&Bd
   .Fl literal
   does not use a literal font, but is an alias for
   .Sx \&Bd
   .Fl unfilled .
   .It
   .Sx \&Bd
 .Fl offset Cm center  .Fl offset Cm center
 and  and
 .Fl offset Cm right .  .Fl offset Cm right
 Groff does not implement centred and flush-right rendering either,  don't work.
   Groff does not implement centered and flush-right rendering either,
 but produces large indentations.  but produces large indentations.
 .El  .El
 .Sh SEE ALSO  .Sh SEE ALSO
Line 3324  but produces large indentations.
Line 3220  but produces large indentations.
 .Xr mandoc_char 7 ,  .Xr mandoc_char 7 ,
 .Xr roff 7 ,  .Xr roff 7 ,
 .Xr tbl 7  .Xr tbl 7
   .Pp
   The web page
   .Lk http://mandoc.bsd.lv/mdoc/ "extended documentation for the mdoc language"
   provides a few tutorial-style pages for beginners, an extensive style
   guide for advanced authors, and an alphabetic index helping to choose
   the best macros for various kinds of content.
 .Sh HISTORY  .Sh HISTORY
 The  The
 .Nm  .Nm

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Removed from v.1.243  
changed lines
  Added in v.1.272

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