=================================================================== RCS file: /cvs/mandoc/mdoc.7,v retrieving revision 1.93 retrieving revision 1.94 diff -u -p -r1.93 -r1.94 --- mandoc/mdoc.7 2010/04/07 19:37:54 1.93 +++ mandoc/mdoc.7 2010/04/13 05:26:49 1.94 @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ -.\" $Id: mdoc.7,v 1.93 2010/04/07 19:37:54 kristaps Exp $ +.\" $Id: mdoc.7,v 1.94 2010/04/13 05:26:49 kristaps Exp $ .\" -.\" Copyright (c) 2009 Kristaps Dzonsons +.\" Copyright (c) 2009 Kristaps Dzonsons .\" .\" Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any .\" purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above @@ -14,16 +14,12 @@ .\" ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF .\" OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE. .\" -.Dd $Mdocdate: April 7 2010 $ +.Dd $Mdocdate: April 13 2010 $ .Dt MDOC 7 .Os -. -. .Sh NAME .Nm mdoc .Nd mdoc language reference -. -. .Sh DESCRIPTION The .Nm mdoc @@ -34,7 +30,6 @@ manuals. In this reference document, we describe its and usage. Our reference implementation is mandoc; the .Sx COMPATIBILITY section describes compatibility with other troff \-mdoc implementations. -. .Pp An .Nm @@ -47,8 +42,6 @@ prior macros: \&.Sh Macro lines change control state. Other lines are interpreted within the current state. .Ed -. -. .Sh LANGUAGE SYNTAX .Nm documents may contain only graphable 7-bit ASCII characters, the space @@ -56,8 +49,6 @@ character, and, in certain circumstances, the tab char manuals must have .Ux line terminators. -. -. .Ss Comments Text following a .Sq \e" , @@ -66,8 +57,6 @@ line. A macro line with only a control character and .Sq \&.\e" , is also ignored. Macro lines with only a control charater and optionally whitespace are stripped from input. -. -. .Ss Reserved Characters Within a macro line, the following characters are reserved: .Pp @@ -95,7 +84,6 @@ Within a macro line, the following characters are rese .It \&| .Pq vertical bar .El -. .Pp Use of reserved characters is described in .Sx MACRO SYNTAX . @@ -103,8 +91,6 @@ For general use in macro lines, these characters must with a non-breaking space .Pq Sq \e& or, if applicable, an appropriate escape sequence used. -. -. .Ss Special Characters Special characters may occur in both macro and free-form lines. Sequences begin with the escape character @@ -123,8 +109,6 @@ for a complete list. Examples include and .Sq \ee .Pq back-slash . -. -. .Ss Text Decoration Terms may be text-decorated using the .Sq \ef @@ -172,8 +156,6 @@ Note these forms are recommended for .Nm , which encourages semantic annotation. -. -. .Ss Predefined Strings Historically, .Xr groff 1 @@ -198,8 +180,6 @@ for a complete list. Examples include and .Sq \e*(Ba .Pq vertical bar . -. -. .Ss Whitespace In non-literal free-form lines, consecutive blocks of whitespace are pruned from input and added later in the output filter, if applicable: @@ -209,26 +189,21 @@ These spaces are pruned from input. These are not. \&.Ed .Ed -. .Pp In macro lines, whitespace delimits arguments and is discarded. If arguments are quoted, whitespace within the quotes is retained. -. .Pp Blank lines are only permitted within literal contexts, as are lines containing only whitespace. Tab characters are only acceptable when delimiting .Sq \&Bl \-column or when in a literal context. -. -. .Ss Quotation Macro arguments may be quoted with a double-quote to group space-delimited terms or to retain blocks of whitespace. A quoted argument begins with a double-quote preceded by whitespace. The next double-quote not pair-wise adjacent to another double-quote terminates the literal, regardless of surrounding whitespace. -. .Pp This produces tokens .Sq a" , @@ -242,10 +217,8 @@ considered literal text. Thus, the following produces .Bd -literal -offset indent \&.Em "Em a" .Ed -. .Pp In free-form mode, quotes are regarded as opaque text. -. .Ss Dates There are several macros in .Nm @@ -272,14 +245,12 @@ Some examples of valid dates follow: .D1 "May, 2009" Pq reduced form .D1 "2009" Pq reduced form .D1 "May 20, 2009" Pq canonical form -. .Ss Scaling Widths Many macros support scaled widths for their arguments, such as stipulating a two-inch list indentation with the following: .Bd -literal -offset indent \&.Bl -tag -width 2i .Ed -. .Pp The syntax for scaled widths is .Sq Li [+-]?[0-9]*.[0-9]*[:unit:] , @@ -325,8 +296,6 @@ or .Sq v is necessarily non-portable across output media. See .Sx COMPATIBILITY . -. -. .Sh MANUAL STRUCTURE A well-formed .Nm @@ -421,7 +390,6 @@ See .Sx \&Nm and .Sx \&Nd . -. .It Em LIBRARY The name of the library containing the documented material, which is assumed to be a function in a section 2 or 3 manual. The syntax for @@ -432,7 +400,6 @@ this is as follows: .Pp See .Sx \&Lb . -. .It Em SYNOPSIS Documents the utility invocation syntax, function call syntax, or device configuration. @@ -476,7 +443,6 @@ See .Sx \&Ft , and .Sx \&Vt . -. .It Em DESCRIPTION This expands upon the brief, one-line description in .Em NAME . @@ -491,12 +457,10 @@ Print verbose information. .Ed .Pp Manuals not documenting a command won't include the above fragment. -. .It Em IMPLEMENTATION NOTES Implementation-specific notes should be kept here. This is useful when implementing standard functions that may have side effects or notable algorithmic implications. -. .It Em EXIT STATUS Command exit status for section 1, 6, and 8 manuals. This section is the dual of @@ -508,7 +472,6 @@ a practise that is now discouraged. .Pp See .Sx \&Ex . -. .It Em RETURN VALUES This section is the dual of .Em EXIT STATUS , @@ -517,26 +480,22 @@ in sections 2, 3, and 9. .Pp See .Sx \&Rv . -. .It Em ENVIRONMENT Documents any usages of environment variables, e.g., .Xr environ 7 . .Pp See .Sx \&Ev . -. .It Em FILES Documents files used. It's helpful to document both the file and a short description of how the file is used (created, modified, etc.). .Pp See .Sx \&Pa . -. .It Em EXAMPLES Example usages. This often contains snippets of well-formed, well-tested invocations. Make doubly sure that your examples work properly! -. .It Em DIAGNOSTICS Documents error conditions. This is most useful in section 4 manuals. Historically, this section was used in place of @@ -547,13 +506,11 @@ discouraged. See .Sx \&Bl .Fl diag . -. .It Em ERRORS Documents error handling in sections 2, 3, and 9. .Pp See .Sx \&Er . -. .It Em SEE ALSO References other manuals with related topics. This section should exist for most manuals. Cross-references should conventionally be ordered @@ -561,7 +518,6 @@ first by section, then alphabetically. .Pp See .Sx \&Xr . -. .It Em STANDARDS References any standards implemented or used. If not adhering to any standards, the @@ -570,32 +526,24 @@ section should be used instead. .Pp See .Sx \&St . -. .It Em HISTORY The history of any manual without a .Em STANDARDS section should be described in this section. -. .It Em AUTHORS Credits to authors, if applicable, should appear in this section. Authors should generally be noted by both name and an e-mail address. .Pp See .Sx \&An . -. .It Em CAVEATS Explanations of common misuses and misunderstandings should be explained in this section. -. .It Em BUGS Extant bugs should be described in this section. -. .It Em SECURITY CONSIDERATIONS Documents any security precautions that operators should consider. -. .El -. -. .Sh MACRO SYNTAX Macros are one to three three characters in length and begin with a control character , @@ -607,7 +555,6 @@ following are equivalent: \&.Pp \&.\ \ \ \&Pp .Ed -. .Pp The syntax of a macro depends on its classification. In this section, .Sq \-arg @@ -618,7 +565,6 @@ parameters; opens the scope of a macro; and if specified, .Sq \&Yc closes it out. -. .Pp The .Em Callable @@ -628,20 +574,16 @@ initial line macro is interpreted as opaque text, such .Sq \&.Fl \&Sh produces .Sq Fl \&Sh . -. .Pp The .Em Parsable column indicates whether the macro may be followed by further (ostensibly callable) macros. If a macro is not parsable, subsequent macro invocations on the line will be interpreted as opaque text. -. .Pp The .Em Scope column, if applicable, describes closure rules. -. -. .Ss Block full-explicit Multi-line scope closed by an explicit closing macro. All macros contains bodies; only @@ -652,7 +594,6 @@ contains a head. \(lBbody...\(rB \&.Yc .Ed -. .Pp .Bl -column -compact -offset indent "MacroX" "CallableX" "ParsableX" "closed by XXX" .It Em Macro Ta Em Callable Ta Em Parsable Ta Em Scope @@ -665,8 +606,6 @@ contains a head. .It Sx \&Ek Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta opened by Sx \&Bk .It Sx \&El Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta opened by Sx \&Bl .El -. -. .Ss Block full-implicit Multi-line scope closed by end-of-file or implicitly by another macro. All macros have bodies; some @@ -686,7 +625,6 @@ has multiple heads. \&.Yo \(lB\-arg \(lBparm...\(rB\(rB \(lBhead... \(lBTa head...\(rB\(rB \(lBbody...\(rB .Ed -. .Pp .Bl -column -compact -offset indent "MacroX" "CallableX" "ParsableX" "closed by XXXXXXXXXXX" .It Em Macro Ta Em Callable Ta Em Parsable Ta Em Scope @@ -695,8 +633,6 @@ has multiple heads. .It Sx \&Sh Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta closed by Sx \&Sh .It Sx \&Ss Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta closed by Sx \&Sh , Sx \&Ss .El -. -. .Ss Block partial-explicit Like block full-explicit, but also with single-line scope. Each has at least a body and, in limited circumstances, a head @@ -714,7 +650,6 @@ and/or tail \&.Yo \(lB\-arg \(lBparm...\(rB\(rB \(lBhead...\(rB \ \(lBbody...\(rB \&Yc \(lBtail...\(rB .Ed -. .Pp .Bl -column "MacroX" "CallableX" "ParsableX" "closed by XXXX" -compact -offset indent .It Em Macro Ta Em Callable Ta Em Parsable Ta Em Scope @@ -743,8 +678,6 @@ and/or tail .It Sx \&Xc Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta opened by Sx \&Xo .It Sx \&Xo Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta closed by Sx \&Xc .El -. -. .Ss Block partial-implicit Like block full-implicit, but with single-line scope closed by .Sx Reserved Characters @@ -752,7 +685,6 @@ or end of line. .Bd -literal -offset indent \&.Yo \(lB\-arg \(lBval...\(rB\(rB \(lBbody...\(rB \(lBres...\(rB .Ed -. .Pp .Bl -column "MacroX" "CallableX" "ParsableX" -compact -offset indent .It Em Macro Ta Em Callable Ta Em Parsable @@ -777,8 +709,6 @@ macro is a only when invoked as the first macro in a SYNOPSIS section line, else it is .Sx In-line . -. -. .Ss In-line Closed by .Sx Reserved Characters , @@ -794,7 +724,6 @@ then the macro accepts an arbitrary number of argument \&.Yo \(lB\-arg \(lBval...\(rB\(rB arg0 arg1 argN .Ed -. .Pp .Bl -column "MacroX" "CallableX" "ParsableX" "Arguments" -compact -offset indent .It Em Macro Ta Em Callable Ta Em Parsable Ta Em Arguments @@ -873,13 +802,10 @@ then the macro accepts an arbitrary number of argument .It Sx \&br Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta 0 .It Sx \&sp Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta 1 .El -. -. .Sh REFERENCE This section is a canonical reference of all macros, arranged alphabetically. For the scoping of individual macros, see .Sx MACRO SYNTAX . -. .Ss \&%A Author name of an .Sx \&Rs @@ -887,13 +813,11 @@ block. Multiple authors should each be accorded their .Sx \%%A line. Author names should be ordered with full or abbreviated forename(s) first, then full surname. -. .Ss \&%B Book title of an .Sx \&Rs block. This macro may also be used in a non-bibliographic context when referring to book titles. -. .Ss \&%C Publication city or location of an .Sx \&Rs @@ -902,70 +826,57 @@ block. .Em Remarks : this macro is not implemented in .Xr groff 1 . -. .Ss \&%D Publication date of an .Sx \&Rs block. This should follow the reduced or canonical form syntax described in .Sx Dates . -. .Ss \&%I Publisher or issuer name of an .Sx \&Rs block. -. .Ss \&%J Journal name of an .Sx \&Rs block. -. .Ss \&%N Issue number (usually for journals) of an .Sx \&Rs block. -. .Ss \&%O Optional information of an .Sx \&Rs block. -. .Ss \&%P Book or journal page number of an .Sx \&Rs block. -. .Ss \&%Q Institutional author (school, government, etc.) of an .Sx \&Rs block. Multiple institutional authors should each be accorded their own .Sx \&%Q line. -. .Ss \&%R Technical report name of an .Sx \&Rs block. -. .Ss \&%T Article title of an .Sx \&Rs block. This macro may also be used in a non-bibliographical context when referring to article titles. -. .Ss \&%U URI of reference document. -. .Ss \&%V Volume number of an .Sx \&Rs block. -. .Ss \&Ac Closes an .Sx \&Ao block. Does not have any tail arguments. -. .Ss \&Ad Address construct: usually in the context of an computational address in memory, not a physical (post) address. @@ -973,7 +884,6 @@ memory, not a physical (post) address. Examples: .D1 \&.Ad [0,$] .D1 \&.Ad 0x00000000 -. .Ss \&An Author name. This macro may alternatively accepts the following arguments, although these may not be specified along with a parameter: @@ -1005,7 +915,6 @@ are re-set when entering the AUTHORS section, so if on .Sx \&An Fl nosplit in the general document body, it must be re-specified in the AUTHORS section. -. .Ss \&Ao Begins a block enclosed by angled brackets. Does not have any head arguments. @@ -1015,7 +924,6 @@ Examples: .Pp See also .Sx \&Aq . -. .Ss \&Ap Inserts an apostrophe without any surrounding white-space. This is generally used as a grammatic device when referring to the verb form of @@ -1023,7 +931,6 @@ a function: .Bd -literal -offset indent \&.Fn execve Ap d .Ed -. .Ss \&Aq Encloses its arguments in angled brackets. .Pp @@ -1042,7 +949,6 @@ statements, which should use .Pp See also .Sx \&Ao . -. .Ss \&Ar Command arguments. If an argument is not provided, the string .Dq file ... @@ -1052,7 +958,6 @@ Examples: .D1 \&.Fl o \&Ns \&Ar file1 .D1 \&.Ar .D1 \&.Ar arg1 , arg2 . -. .Ss \&At Formats an AT&T version. Accepts at most one parameter: .Bl -tag -width 12n -offset indent @@ -1079,12 +984,10 @@ See also .Sx \&Ox , and .Sx \&Ux . -. .Ss \&Bc Closes a .Sx \&Bo block. Does not have any tail arguments. -. .Ss \&Bd Begins a display block. A display is collection of macros or text which may be collectively offset or justified in a manner different from that @@ -1163,7 +1066,6 @@ See also .Sx \&D1 and .Sx \&Dl . -. .Ss \&Bf .Ss \&Bk .Ss \&Bl @@ -1233,7 +1135,6 @@ Examples: .Pp See also .Sx \&Bq . -. .Ss \&Bq Encloses its arguments in square brackets. .Pp @@ -1250,12 +1151,10 @@ and .Pp See also .Sx \&Bo . -. .Ss \&Brc Closes a .Sx \&Bro block. Does not have any tail arguments. -. .Ss \&Bro Begins a block enclosed by curly braces. Does not have any head arguments. @@ -1268,7 +1167,6 @@ Examples: .Pp See also .Sx \&Brq . -. .Ss \&Brq Encloses its arguments in curly braces. .Pp @@ -1277,7 +1175,6 @@ Examples: .Pp See also .Sx \&Bro . -. .Ss \&Bsx Format the BSD/OS version provided as an argument, or a default value if no argument is provided. @@ -1295,11 +1192,9 @@ See also .Sx \&Ox , and .Sx \&Ux . -. .Ss \&Bt Prints .Dq is currently in beta test. -. .Ss \&Bx Format the BSD version provided as an argument, or a default value if no argument is provided. @@ -1317,7 +1212,6 @@ See also .Sx \&Ox , and .Sx \&Ux . -. .Ss \&Cd Configuration declaration. This denotes strings accepted by .Xr config 8 . @@ -1330,7 +1224,6 @@ this macro is commonly abused by using quoted literals white-space and align consecutive .Sx \&Cd declarations. This practise is discouraged. -. .Ss \&Cm Command modifiers. Useful when specifying configuration options or keys. @@ -1341,7 +1234,6 @@ Examples: .Pp See also .Sx \&Fl . -. .Ss \&D1 One-line indented display. This is formatted by the default rules and is useful for simple indented statements. It is followed by a newline. @@ -1353,13 +1245,11 @@ See also .Sx \&Bd and .Sx \&Dl . -. .Ss \&Db .Ss \&Dc Closes a .Sx \&Do block. Does not have any tail arguments. -. .Ss \&Dd Document date. This is the mandatory first macro of any .Nm @@ -1386,7 +1276,6 @@ See also .Sx \&Dt and .Sx \&Os . -. .Ss \&Dl One-line intended display. This is formatted as literal text and is useful for commands and invocations. It is followed by a newline. @@ -1398,7 +1287,6 @@ See also .Sx \&Bd and .Sx \&D1 . -. .Ss \&Do Begins a block enclosed by double quotes. Does not have any head arguments. @@ -1408,7 +1296,6 @@ Examples: .Pp See also .Sx \&Dq . -. .Ss \&Dq Encloses its arguments in double quotes. .Pp @@ -1420,7 +1307,6 @@ Examples: .Pp See also .Sx \&Do . -. .Ss \&Dt Document title. This is the mandatory second macro of any .Nm @@ -1544,7 +1430,6 @@ See also .Sx \&Dd and .Sx \&Os . -. .Ss \&Dv Defined variables such as preprocessor constants. .Pp @@ -1554,7 +1439,6 @@ Examples: .Pp See also .Sx \&Er . -. .Ss \&Dx Format the DragonFly BSD version provided as an argument, or a default value if no argument is provided. @@ -1572,13 +1456,11 @@ See also .Sx \&Ox , and .Sx \&Ux . -. .Ss \&Ec .Ss \&Ed .Ss \&Ef .Ss \&Ek .Ss \&El -. .Ss \&Em Denotes text that should be emphasised. Note that this is a presentation term and should not be used for stylistically decorating @@ -1587,7 +1469,6 @@ technical terms. Examples: .D1 \&.Em Warnings! .D1 \&.Em Remarks : -. .Ss \&En .Ss \&Eo .Ss \&Er @@ -1599,9 +1480,7 @@ Examples: .Pp See also .Sx \&Dv . -. .Ss \&Es -. .Ss \&Ev Environmental variables such as those specified in .Xr environ 7 . @@ -1609,7 +1488,6 @@ Environmental variables such as those specified in Examples: .D1 \&.Ev DISPLAY .D1 \&.Ev PATH -. .Ss \&Ex Inserts text regarding a utility's exit values. This macro must have first the @@ -1640,7 +1518,6 @@ Examples: .Pp See also .Sx \&Cm . -. .Ss \&Fn .Ss \&Fo .Ss \&Fr @@ -1662,7 +1539,6 @@ See also .Sx \&Ox , and .Sx \&Ux . -. .Ss \&Hf .Ss \&Ic .Ss \&In @@ -1680,7 +1556,6 @@ Examples: .Pp See also .Sx \&Mt . -. .Ss \&Lp .Ss \&Ms .Ss \&Mt @@ -1705,7 +1580,6 @@ See also .Sx \&Ox , and .Sx \&Ux . -. .Ss \&Oc .Ss \&Oo .Ss \&Op @@ -1732,13 +1606,11 @@ See also .Sx \&Dd and .Sx \&Dt . -. .Ss \&Ot Unknown usage. .Pp .Em Remarks : this macro has been deprecated. -. .Ss \&Ox Format the OpenBSD version provided as an argument, or a default value if no argument is provided. @@ -1756,7 +1628,6 @@ See also .Sx \&Nx , and .Sx \&Ux . -. .Ss \&Pa .Ss \&Pc .Ss \&Pf @@ -1767,12 +1638,10 @@ and .Ss \&Ql .Ss \&Qo .Ss \&Qq -. .Ss \&Re Closes a .Sx \&Rs block. Does not have any tail arguments. -. .Ss \&Rs Begins a bibliographic .Pq Dq reference @@ -1811,7 +1680,6 @@ If an block is used within a SEE ALSO section, a vertical space is asserted before the rendered output, else the block continues on the current line. -. .Ss \&Rv .Ss \&Sc .Ss \&Sh @@ -1839,7 +1707,6 @@ See also .Sx \&Nx , and .Sx \&Ox . -. .Ss \&Va .Ss \&Vt A variable type. This is also used for indicating global variables in the @@ -1863,16 +1730,13 @@ See also .Sx \&Ft and .Sx \&Va . -. .Ss \&Xc Close a scope opened by .Sx \&Xo . -. .Ss \&Xo Open an extension scope. This macro originally existed to extend the 9-argument limit of troff; since this limit has been lifted, the macro has been deprecated. -. .Ss \&Xr Link to another manual .Pq Qq cross-reference . @@ -1896,11 +1760,8 @@ Examples: .D1 \&.Xr mandoc 1 .D1 \&.Xr mandoc 1 ; .D1 \&.Xr mandoc 1 \&Ns s behaviour -. .Ss \&br .Ss \&sp -. -. .Sh COMPATIBILITY This section documents compatibility between mandoc and other other troff implementations, at this time limited to GNU troff @@ -1911,24 +1772,20 @@ refers to groff versions before the .Pa doc.tmac file re-write .Pq somewhere between 1.15 and 1.19 . -. .Pp Heirloom troff, the other significant troff implementation accepting \-mdoc, is similar to historic groff. -. .Pp .Bl -dash -compact .It The comment syntax .Sq \e." is no longer accepted. -. .It In groff, the .Sx \&Pa macro does not format its arguments when used in the FILES section under certain list types. mandoc does. -. .It Historic groff does not print a dash for empty .Sx \&Fl @@ -1938,18 +1795,15 @@ groff behaves irregularly when specifying .Sq \ef .Sx Text Decoration within line-macro scopes. mandoc follows a consistent system. -. .It In mandoc, negative scaling units are truncated to zero; groff would move to prior lines. Furthermore, the .Sq f scaling unit, while accepted, is rendered as the default unit. -. .It In quoted literals, groff allowed pair-wise double-quotes to produce a standalone double-quote in formatted output. This idiosyncratic behaviour is not applicable in mandoc. -. .It Display types .Sx \&Bd @@ -1969,42 +1823,35 @@ are aliases, as are .Fl literal and .Fl unfilled . -. .It In mandoc, blocks of whitespace are stripped from both macro and free-form text lines (except when in literal mode); groff would retain whitespace in free-form text lines. -. .It Historic groff has many un-callable macros. Most of these (excluding some block-level macros) are now callable. -. .It The vertical bar .Sq \(ba made historic groff .Qq go orbital but has been a proper delimiter since then. -. .It .Sx \&It Fl nested is assumed for all lists (it wasn't in historic groff): any list may be nested and .Fl enum lists will restart the sequence only for the sub-list. -. .It Some manuals use .Sx \&Li incorrectly by following it with a reserved character and expecting the delimiter to render. This is not supported in mandoc. -. .It In groff, the .Sx \&Fo macro only produces the first parameter. This is not the case in mandoc. -. .It In groff, the .Sx \&Cd , @@ -2014,18 +1861,14 @@ and macros were stipulated only to occur in certain manual sections. mandoc does not have these restrictions. .El -. -. .Sh SEE ALSO .Xr mandoc 1 , .Xr mandoc_char 7 -. -. .Sh AUTHORS The .Nm reference was written by -.An Kristaps Dzonsons Aq kristaps@kth.se . +.An Kristaps Dzonsons Aq kristaps@bsd.lv . .\" .\" XXX: this really isn't the place for these caveats. .\" .