Annotation of mandoc/mdoc.7, Revision 1.126
1.126 ! kristaps 1: .\" $Id: mdoc.7,v 1.125 2010/06/12 10:09:19 kristaps Exp $
1.1 kristaps 2: .\"
1.94 kristaps 3: .\" Copyright (c) 2009 Kristaps Dzonsons <kristaps@bsd.lv>
1.1 kristaps 4: .\"
5: .\" Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any
1.22 kristaps 6: .\" purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
7: .\" copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.
1.1 kristaps 8: .\"
1.22 kristaps 9: .\" THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES
10: .\" WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
11: .\" MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR
12: .\" ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES
13: .\" WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN
14: .\" ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF
15: .\" OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
1.50 kristaps 16: .\"
1.126 ! kristaps 17: .Dd $Mdocdate: June 12 2010 $
1.20 kristaps 18: .Dt MDOC 7
1.1 kristaps 19: .Os
20: .Sh NAME
1.57 kristaps 21: .Nm mdoc
22: .Nd mdoc language reference
1.1 kristaps 23: .Sh DESCRIPTION
24: The
1.57 kristaps 25: .Nm mdoc
1.50 kristaps 26: language is used to format
1.57 kristaps 27: .Bx
28: .Ux
1.43 kristaps 29: manuals. In this reference document, we describe its syntax, structure,
1.93 kristaps 30: and usage. Our reference implementation is mandoc; the
1.57 kristaps 31: .Sx COMPATIBILITY
1.93 kristaps 32: section describes compatibility with other troff \-mdoc implementations.
1.57 kristaps 33: .Pp
1.13 kristaps 34: An
1.57 kristaps 35: .Nm
1.118 kristaps 36: document follows simple rules: lines beginning with the control
1.50 kristaps 37: character
1.57 kristaps 38: .Sq \.
1.1 kristaps 39: are parsed for macros. Other lines are interpreted within the scope of
1.13 kristaps 40: prior macros:
1.57 kristaps 41: .Bd -literal -offset indent
1.13 kristaps 42: \&.Sh Macro lines change control state.
43: Other lines are interpreted within the current state.
1.57 kristaps 44: .Ed
1.46 kristaps 45: .Sh LANGUAGE SYNTAX
1.57 kristaps 46: .Nm
1.13 kristaps 47: documents may contain only graphable 7-bit ASCII characters, the space
1.43 kristaps 48: character, and, in certain circumstances, the tab character. All
49: manuals must have
1.57 kristaps 50: .Ux
1.50 kristaps 51: line terminators.
1.57 kristaps 52: .Ss Comments
1.43 kristaps 53: Text following a
1.57 kristaps 54: .Sq \e" ,
1.43 kristaps 55: whether in a macro or free-form text line, is ignored to the end of
56: line. A macro line with only a control character and comment escape,
1.57 kristaps 57: .Sq \&.\e" ,
1.124 kristaps 58: is also ignored. Macro lines with only a control character and optionally
1.58 kristaps 59: whitespace are stripped from input.
1.57 kristaps 60: .Ss Reserved Characters
1.2 kristaps 61: Within a macro line, the following characters are reserved:
1.61 kristaps 62: .Pp
1.57 kristaps 63: .Bl -tag -width Ds -offset indent -compact
64: .It \&.
65: .Pq period
66: .It \&,
67: .Pq comma
68: .It \&:
69: .Pq colon
70: .It \&;
71: .Pq semicolon
72: .It \&(
73: .Pq left-parenthesis
74: .It \&)
75: .Pq right-parenthesis
76: .It \&[
77: .Pq left-bracket
78: .It \&]
79: .Pq right-bracket
80: .It \&?
81: .Pq question
82: .It \&!
83: .Pq exclamation
84: .It \&|
85: .Pq vertical bar
86: .El
87: .Pp
1.5 kristaps 88: Use of reserved characters is described in
1.57 kristaps 89: .Sx MACRO SYNTAX .
1.43 kristaps 90: For general use in macro lines, these characters must either be escaped
91: with a non-breaking space
1.57 kristaps 92: .Pq Sq \e&
1.50 kristaps 93: or, if applicable, an appropriate escape sequence used.
1.57 kristaps 94: .Ss Special Characters
1.43 kristaps 95: Special characters may occur in both macro and free-form lines.
96: Sequences begin with the escape character
1.57 kristaps 97: .Sq \e
1.50 kristaps 98: followed by either an open-parenthesis
1.57 kristaps 99: .Sq \&(
1.1 kristaps 100: for two-character sequences; an open-bracket
1.57 kristaps 101: .Sq \&[
1.1 kristaps 102: for n-character sequences (terminated at a close-bracket
1.57 kristaps 103: .Sq \&] ) ;
1.100 kristaps 104: or a single one-character sequence.
105: See
1.57 kristaps 106: .Xr mandoc_char 7
1.100 kristaps 107: for a complete list.
108: Examples include
1.57 kristaps 109: .Sq \e(em
110: .Pq em-dash
1.50 kristaps 111: and
1.57 kristaps 112: .Sq \ee
113: .Pq back-slash .
114: .Ss Text Decoration
1.54 kristaps 115: Terms may be text-decorated using the
1.57 kristaps 116: .Sq \ef
1.74 kristaps 117: escape followed by an indicator: B (bold), I, (italic), R (Roman), or P
1.82 kristaps 118: (revert to previous mode):
1.75 kristaps 119: .Pp
1.76 kristaps 120: .D1 \efBbold\efR \efIitalic\efP
121: .Pp
122: A numerical representation 3, 2, or 1 (bold, italic, and Roman,
1.100 kristaps 123: respectively) may be used instead.
124: A text decoration is valid within
1.118 kristaps 125: the current font scope only: if a macro opens a font scope alongside
1.77 kristaps 126: its own scope, such as
1.78 kristaps 127: .Sx \&Bf
1.77 kristaps 128: .Cm \&Sy ,
129: in-scope invocations of
130: .Sq \ef
1.100 kristaps 131: are only valid within the font scope of the macro.
132: If
1.77 kristaps 133: .Sq \ef
134: is specified outside of any font scope, such as in unenclosed, free-form
135: text, it will affect the remainder of the document.
1.76 kristaps 136: .Pp
137: Text may also be sized with the
138: .Sq \es
139: escape, whose syntax is one of
140: .Sq \es+-n
141: for one-digit numerals;
142: .Sq \es(+-nn
143: or
144: .Sq \es+-(nn
145: for two-digit numerals; and
146: .Sq \es[+-N] ,
147: .Sq \es+-[N] ,
148: .Sq \es'+-N' ,
149: or
150: .Sq \es+-'N'
151: for arbitrary-digit numerals:
152: .Pp
153: .D1 \es+1bigger\es-1
154: .D1 \es[+10]much bigger\es[-10]
155: .D1 \es+(10much bigger\es-(10
156: .D1 \es+'100'much much bigger\es-'100'
157: .Pp
1.82 kristaps 158: Note these forms are
1.76 kristaps 159: .Em not
1.82 kristaps 160: recommended for
1.57 kristaps 161: .Nm ,
1.74 kristaps 162: which encourages semantic annotation.
1.57 kristaps 163: .Ss Predefined Strings
1.82 kristaps 164: Historically,
1.57 kristaps 165: .Xr groff 1
1.82 kristaps 166: also defined a set of package-specific
1.57 kristaps 167: .Dq predefined strings ,
1.82 kristaps 168: which, like
1.57 kristaps 169: .Sx Special Characters ,
1.124 kristaps 170: mark special output characters and strings by way of input codes.
1.54 kristaps 171: Predefined strings are escaped with the slash-asterisk,
1.57 kristaps 172: .Sq \e* :
1.54 kristaps 173: single-character
1.57 kristaps 174: .Sq \e*X ,
1.54 kristaps 175: two-character
1.57 kristaps 176: .Sq \e*(XX ,
1.54 kristaps 177: and N-character
1.57 kristaps 178: .Sq \e*[N] .
1.54 kristaps 179: See
1.57 kristaps 180: .Xr mandoc_char 7
1.100 kristaps 181: for a complete list.
182: Examples include
1.57 kristaps 183: .Sq \e*(Am
184: .Pq ampersand
1.54 kristaps 185: and
1.57 kristaps 186: .Sq \e*(Ba
187: .Pq vertical bar .
188: .Ss Whitespace
1.98 kristaps 189: Whitespace consists of the space character.
1.96 kristaps 190: In free-form lines, whitespace is preserved within a line; un-escaped
191: trailing spaces are stripped from input (unless in a literal context).
1.97 kristaps 192: Blank free-form lines, which may include whitespace, are only permitted
1.96 kristaps 193: within literal contexts.
1.57 kristaps 194: .Pp
1.100 kristaps 195: In macro lines, whitespace delimits arguments and is discarded.
196: If arguments are quoted, whitespace within the quotes is retained.
1.57 kristaps 197: .Ss Quotation
1.46 kristaps 198: Macro arguments may be quoted with a double-quote to group
1.100 kristaps 199: space-delimited terms or to retain blocks of whitespace.
200: A quoted argument begins with a double-quote preceded by whitespace.
201: The next double-quote not pair-wise adjacent to another double-quote
202: terminates the literal, regardless of surrounding whitespace.
1.57 kristaps 203: .Pp
1.50 kristaps 204: This produces tokens
1.57 kristaps 205: .Sq a" ,
206: .Sq b c ,
207: .Sq de ,
1.47 kristaps 208: and
1.57 kristaps 209: .Sq fg" .
1.47 kristaps 210: Note that any quoted term, be it argument or macro, is indiscriminately
1.100 kristaps 211: considered literal text.
212: Thus, the following produces
1.57 kristaps 213: .Sq \&Em a :
214: .Bd -literal -offset indent
1.47 kristaps 215: \&.Em "Em a"
1.57 kristaps 216: .Ed
217: .Pp
1.46 kristaps 218: In free-form mode, quotes are regarded as opaque text.
1.63 kristaps 219: .Ss Dates
1.66 kristaps 220: There are several macros in
221: .Nm
1.100 kristaps 222: that require a date argument.
223: The canonical form for dates is the American format:
1.66 kristaps 224: .Pp
225: .D1 Cm Month Day , Year
226: .Pp
227: The
228: .Cm Day
1.100 kristaps 229: value is an optionally zero-padded numeral.
230: The
1.66 kristaps 231: .Cm Month
1.100 kristaps 232: value is the full month name.
233: The
1.66 kristaps 234: .Cm Year
235: value is the full four-digit year.
236: .Pp
1.72 kristaps 237: Reduced form dates are broken-down canonical form dates:
1.66 kristaps 238: .Pp
1.72 kristaps 239: .D1 Cm Month , Year
240: .D1 Cm Year
1.66 kristaps 241: .Pp
242: Some examples of valid dates follow:
243: .Pp
244: .D1 "May, 2009" Pq reduced form
245: .D1 "2009" Pq reduced form
246: .D1 "May 20, 2009" Pq canonical form
1.61 kristaps 247: .Ss Scaling Widths
248: Many macros support scaled widths for their arguments, such as
249: stipulating a two-inch list indentation with the following:
250: .Bd -literal -offset indent
251: \&.Bl -tag -width 2i
252: .Ed
253: .Pp
254: The syntax for scaled widths is
1.62 kristaps 255: .Sq Li [+-]?[0-9]*.[0-9]*[:unit:] ,
1.61 kristaps 256: where a decimal must be preceded or proceeded by at least one digit.
1.100 kristaps 257: Negative numbers, while accepted, are truncated to zero.
258: The following scaling units are accepted:
1.61 kristaps 259: .Pp
260: .Bl -tag -width Ds -offset indent -compact
261: .It c
262: centimetre
263: .It i
264: inch
265: .It P
266: pica (~1/6 inch)
267: .It p
268: point (~1/72 inch)
269: .It f
270: synonym for
271: .Sq u
272: .It v
273: default vertical span
274: .It m
275: width of rendered
276: .Sq m
277: .Pq em
278: character
279: .It n
280: width of rendered
281: .Sq n
282: .Pq en
283: character
284: .It u
285: default horizontal span
286: .It M
287: mini-em (~1/100 em)
288: .El
289: .Pp
290: Using anything other than
291: .Sq m ,
292: .Sq n ,
293: .Sq u ,
294: or
295: .Sq v
1.100 kristaps 296: is necessarily non-portable across output media.
297: See
1.61 kristaps 298: .Sx COMPATIBILITY .
1.101 kristaps 299: .Ss Sentence Spacing
300: When composing a manual, make sure that your sentences end at the end of
301: a line.
302: By doing so, front-ends will be able to apply the proper amount of
303: spacing after the end of sentence (unescaped) period, exclamation mark,
1.107 kristaps 304: or question mark followed by zero or more non-sentence closing
305: delimiters (
306: .Ns Sq \&) ,
307: .Sq \&] ,
308: .Sq \&' ,
309: .Sq \&" ) .
1.102 kristaps 310: .Pp
311: The proper spacing is also intelligently preserved if a sentence ends at
1.107 kristaps 312: the boundary of a macro line, e.g.,
313: .Pp
314: .D1 \&Xr mandoc 1 \.
315: .D1 \&Fl T \&Ns \&Cm ascii \.
1.43 kristaps 316: .Sh MANUAL STRUCTURE
1.66 kristaps 317: A well-formed
1.57 kristaps 318: .Nm
1.66 kristaps 319: document consists of a document prologue followed by one or more
320: sections.
321: .Pp
322: The prologue, which consists of (in order) the
1.64 kristaps 323: .Sx \&Dd ,
324: .Sx \&Dt ,
1.33 kristaps 325: and
1.66 kristaps 326: .Sx \&Os
327: macros, is required for every document.
328: .Pp
1.82 kristaps 329: The first section (sections are denoted by
1.66 kristaps 330: .Sx \&Sh )
331: must be the NAME section, consisting of at least one
1.64 kristaps 332: .Sx \&Nm
1.50 kristaps 333: followed by
1.66 kristaps 334: .Sx \&Nd .
335: .Pp
1.122 kristaps 336: Following that, convention dictates specifying at least the
337: .Em SYNOPSIS
338: and
339: .Em DESCRIPTION
340: sections, although this varies between manual sections.
1.66 kristaps 341: .Pp
342: The following is a well-formed skeleton
343: .Nm
344: file:
1.57 kristaps 345: .Bd -literal -offset indent
1.43 kristaps 346: \&.Dd $\&Mdocdate$
347: \&.Dt mdoc 7
348: \&.Os
349: \&.Sh NAME
1.58 kristaps 350: \&.Nm foo
351: \&.Nd a description goes here
1.108 kristaps 352: \&.\e\*q The next is for sections 2, 3, & 9 only.
1.58 kristaps 353: \&.\e\*q .Sh LIBRARY
354: \&.Sh SYNOPSIS
355: \&.Nm foo
356: \&.Op Fl options
357: \&.Ar
358: \&.Sh DESCRIPTION
359: The
360: \&.Nm
361: utility processes files ...
1.59 kristaps 362: \&.\e\*q .Sh IMPLEMENTATION NOTES
1.58 kristaps 363: \&.\e\*q The next is for sections 2, 3, & 9 only.
364: \&.\e\*q .Sh RETURN VALUES
365: \&.\e\*q The next is for sections 1, 6, 7, & 8 only.
366: \&.\e\*q .Sh ENVIRONMENT
367: \&.\e\*q .Sh FILES
1.99 kristaps 368: \&.\e\*q The next is for sections 1 & 8 only.
369: \&.\e\*q .Sh EXIT STATUS
1.58 kristaps 370: \&.\e\*q .Sh EXAMPLES
371: \&.\e\*q The next is for sections 1, 4, 6, 7, & 8 only.
372: \&.\e\*q .Sh DIAGNOSTICS
373: \&.\e\*q The next is for sections 2, 3, & 9 only.
374: \&.\e\*q .Sh ERRORS
375: \&.\e\*q .Sh SEE ALSO
376: \&.\e\*q .Xr foobar 1
377: \&.\e\*q .Sh STANDARDS
378: \&.\e\*q .Sh HISTORY
379: \&.\e\*q .Sh AUTHORS
380: \&.\e\*q .Sh CAVEATS
381: \&.\e\*q .Sh BUGS
382: \&.\e\*q .Sh SECURITY CONSIDERATIONS
1.57 kristaps 383: .Ed
384: .Pp
1.66 kristaps 385: The sections in a
386: .Nm
1.100 kristaps 387: document are conventionally ordered as they appear above.
388: Sections should be composed as follows:
1.73 kristaps 389: .Bl -ohang -offset Ds
390: .It Em NAME
1.100 kristaps 391: The name(s) and a short description of the documented material.
392: The syntax for this as follows:
1.73 kristaps 393: .Bd -literal -offset indent
394: \&.Nm name0
395: \&.Nm name1
396: \&.Nm name2
397: \&.Nd a short description
398: .Ed
399: .Pp
400: The
1.66 kristaps 401: .Sx \&Nm
1.73 kristaps 402: macro(s) must precede the
403: .Sx \&Nd
404: macro.
1.80 kristaps 405: .Pp
1.82 kristaps 406: See
1.80 kristaps 407: .Sx \&Nm
408: and
409: .Sx \&Nd .
1.73 kristaps 410: .It Em LIBRARY
411: The name of the library containing the documented material, which is
1.108 kristaps 412: assumed to be a function in a section 2, 3, or 9 manual.
1.100 kristaps 413: The syntax for this is as follows:
1.73 kristaps 414: .Bd -literal -offset indent
415: \&.Lb libarm
416: .Ed
417: .Pp
418: See
1.80 kristaps 419: .Sx \&Lb .
1.73 kristaps 420: .It Em SYNOPSIS
421: Documents the utility invocation syntax, function call syntax, or device
1.82 kristaps 422: configuration.
1.73 kristaps 423: .Pp
424: For the first, utilities (sections 1, 6, and 8), this is
425: generally structured as follows:
426: .Bd -literal -offset indent
427: \&.Nm foo
428: \&.Op Fl v
429: \&.Op Fl o Ar file
430: \&.Op Ar
431: \&.Nm bar
432: \&.Op Fl v
433: \&.Op Fl o Ar file
434: \&.Op Ar
435: .Ed
436: .Pp
437: For the second, function calls (sections 2, 3, 9):
438: .Bd -literal -offset indent
439: \&.Vt extern const char *global;
440: \&.In header.h
441: \&.Ft "char *"
442: \&.Fn foo "const char *src"
443: \&.Ft "char *"
444: \&.Fn bar "const char *src"
445: .Ed
446: .Pp
447: And for the third, configurations (section 4):
448: .Bd -literal -offset indent
449: \&.Cd \*qit* at isa? port 0x2e\*q
450: \&.Cd \*qit* at isa? port 0x4e\*q
451: .Ed
452: .Pp
1.82 kristaps 453: Manuals not in these sections generally don't need a
1.73 kristaps 454: .Em SYNOPSIS .
1.80 kristaps 455: .Pp
1.122 kristaps 456: Some macros are displayed differently in the
457: .Em SYNOPSIS
458: section, particularly
459: .Sx \&Nm ,
1.80 kristaps 460: .Sx \&Cd ,
1.122 kristaps 461: .Sx \&Fd ,
462: .Sx \&Fn ,
463: .Sx \&Fo ,
464: .Sx \&In ,
465: .Sx \&Vt ,
466: and
467: .Sx \&Ft .
468: All of these macros are output on their own line. If two such
469: dissimilar macros are pair-wise invoked (except for
470: .Sx \&Ft
471: before
472: .Sx \&Fo
473: or
1.123 kristaps 474: .Sx \&Fn ) ,
1.122 kristaps 475: they are separated by a vertical space, unless in the case of
476: .Sx \&Fo ,
1.80 kristaps 477: .Sx \&Fn ,
1.122 kristaps 478: and
1.80 kristaps 479: .Sx \&Ft ,
1.122 kristaps 480: which are always separated by vertical space.
1.73 kristaps 481: .It Em DESCRIPTION
1.82 kristaps 482: This expands upon the brief, one-line description in
1.73 kristaps 483: .Em NAME .
484: It usually contains a break-down of the options (if documenting a
485: command), such as:
486: .Bd -literal -offset indent
487: The arguments are as follows:
488: \&.Bl \-tag \-width Ds
489: \&.It Fl v
490: Print verbose information.
491: \&.El
492: .Ed
1.80 kristaps 493: .Pp
1.73 kristaps 494: Manuals not documenting a command won't include the above fragment.
495: .It Em IMPLEMENTATION NOTES
1.100 kristaps 496: Implementation-specific notes should be kept here.
497: This is useful when implementing standard functions that may have side
498: effects or notable algorithmic implications.
1.73 kristaps 499: .It Em RETURN VALUES
500: This section is the dual of
501: .Em EXIT STATUS ,
1.100 kristaps 502: which is used for commands.
503: It documents the return values of functions in sections 2, 3, and 9.
1.73 kristaps 504: .Pp
505: See
506: .Sx \&Rv .
507: .It Em ENVIRONMENT
508: Documents any usages of environment variables, e.g.,
509: .Xr environ 7 .
510: .Pp
511: See
512: .Sx \&Ev .
513: .It Em FILES
1.100 kristaps 514: Documents files used.
515: It's helpful to document both the file and a short description of how
516: the file is used (created, modified, etc.).
1.73 kristaps 517: .Pp
518: See
519: .Sx \&Pa .
1.99 kristaps 520: .It Em EXIT STATUS
1.100 kristaps 521: Command exit status for section 1, 6, and 8 manuals.
522: This section is the dual of
1.99 kristaps 523: .Em RETURN VALUES ,
1.100 kristaps 524: which is used for functions.
525: Historically, this information was described in
1.99 kristaps 526: .Em DIAGNOSTICS ,
527: a practise that is now discouraged.
528: .Pp
529: See
530: .Sx \&Ex .
1.73 kristaps 531: .It Em EXAMPLES
1.100 kristaps 532: Example usages.
533: This often contains snippets of well-formed, well-tested invocations.
534: Make doubly sure that your examples work properly!
1.73 kristaps 535: .It Em DIAGNOSTICS
1.100 kristaps 536: Documents error conditions.
537: This is most useful in section 4 manuals.
1.73 kristaps 538: Historically, this section was used in place of
539: .Em EXIT STATUS
540: for manuals in sections 1, 6, and 8; however, this practise is
541: discouraged.
542: .Pp
543: See
1.80 kristaps 544: .Sx \&Bl
545: .Fl diag .
1.73 kristaps 546: .It Em ERRORS
547: Documents error handling in sections 2, 3, and 9.
548: .Pp
549: See
550: .Sx \&Er .
551: .It Em SEE ALSO
1.100 kristaps 552: References other manuals with related topics.
553: This section should exist for most manuals.
554: Cross-references should conventionally be ordered first by section, then
555: alphabetically.
1.73 kristaps 556: .Pp
557: See
558: .Sx \&Xr .
559: .It Em STANDARDS
1.100 kristaps 560: References any standards implemented or used.
561: If not adhering to any standards, the
1.73 kristaps 562: .Em HISTORY
563: section should be used instead.
564: .Pp
565: See
566: .Sx \&St .
567: .It Em HISTORY
568: The history of any manual without a
569: .Em STANDARDS
570: section should be described in this section.
571: .It Em AUTHORS
572: Credits to authors, if applicable, should appear in this section.
573: Authors should generally be noted by both name and an e-mail address.
574: .Pp
575: See
576: .Sx \&An .
577: .It Em CAVEATS
578: Explanations of common misuses and misunderstandings should be explained
579: in this section.
580: .It Em BUGS
581: Extant bugs should be described in this section.
582: .It Em SECURITY CONSIDERATIONS
583: Documents any security precautions that operators should consider.
1.66 kristaps 584: .El
1.43 kristaps 585: .Sh MACRO SYNTAX
1.56 kristaps 586: Macros are one to three three characters in length and begin with a
587: control character ,
1.57 kristaps 588: .Sq \&. ,
1.100 kristaps 589: at the beginning of the line.
590: An arbitrary amount of whitespace may sit between the control character
591: and the macro name.
592: Thus, the following are equivalent:
1.64 kristaps 593: .Bd -literal -offset indent
594: \&.Pp
595: \&.\ \ \ \&Pp
596: .Ed
1.57 kristaps 597: .Pp
1.100 kristaps 598: The syntax of a macro depends on its classification.
599: In this section,
1.57 kristaps 600: .Sq \-arg
1.43 kristaps 601: refers to macro arguments, which may be followed by zero or more
1.57 kristaps 602: .Sq parm
1.43 kristaps 603: parameters;
1.57 kristaps 604: .Sq \&Yo
1.43 kristaps 605: opens the scope of a macro; and if specified,
1.57 kristaps 606: .Sq \&Yc
1.43 kristaps 607: closes it out.
1.57 kristaps 608: .Pp
1.43 kristaps 609: The
1.57 kristaps 610: .Em Callable
1.43 kristaps 611: column indicates that the macro may be called subsequent to the initial
1.100 kristaps 612: line-macro.
613: If a macro is not callable, then its invocation after the initial line
614: macro is interpreted as opaque text, such that
1.60 kristaps 615: .Sq \&.Fl \&Sh
1.55 kristaps 616: produces
1.60 kristaps 617: .Sq Fl \&Sh .
1.57 kristaps 618: .Pp
1.55 kristaps 619: The
1.57 kristaps 620: .Em Parsable
1.43 kristaps 621: column indicates whether the macro may be followed by further
1.100 kristaps 622: (ostensibly callable) macros.
623: If a macro is not parsable, subsequent macro invocations on the line
624: will be interpreted as opaque text.
1.57 kristaps 625: .Pp
1.55 kristaps 626: The
1.57 kristaps 627: .Em Scope
1.43 kristaps 628: column, if applicable, describes closure rules.
1.57 kristaps 629: .Ss Block full-explicit
1.100 kristaps 630: Multi-line scope closed by an explicit closing macro.
631: All macros contains bodies; only
1.64 kristaps 632: .Sx \&Bf
1.43 kristaps 633: contains a head.
1.57 kristaps 634: .Bd -literal -offset indent
1.50 kristaps 635: \&.Yo \(lB\-arg \(lBparm...\(rB\(rB \(lBhead...\(rB
636: \(lBbody...\(rB
1.43 kristaps 637: \&.Yc
1.57 kristaps 638: .Ed
639: .Pp
640: .Bl -column -compact -offset indent "MacroX" "CallableX" "ParsableX" "closed by XXX"
641: .It Em Macro Ta Em Callable Ta Em Parsable Ta Em Scope
1.64 kristaps 642: .It Sx \&Bd Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta closed by Sx \&Ed
643: .It Sx \&Bf Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta closed by Sx \&Ef
644: .It Sx \&Bk Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta closed by Sx \&Ek
645: .It Sx \&Bl Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta closed by Sx \&El
646: .It Sx \&Ed Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta opened by Sx \&Bd
647: .It Sx \&Ef Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta opened by Sx \&Bf
648: .It Sx \&Ek Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta opened by Sx \&Bk
649: .It Sx \&El Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta opened by Sx \&Bl
1.57 kristaps 650: .El
651: .Ss Block full-implicit
1.43 kristaps 652: Multi-line scope closed by end-of-file or implicitly by another macro.
1.50 kristaps 653: All macros have bodies; some
1.57 kristaps 654: .Po
1.64 kristaps 655: .Sx \&It Fl bullet ,
656: .Fl hyphen ,
657: .Fl dash ,
658: .Fl enum ,
659: .Fl item
1.57 kristaps 660: .Pc
1.64 kristaps 661: don't have heads; only one
662: .Po
663: .Sx \&It Fl column
1.82 kristaps 664: .Pc
1.64 kristaps 665: has multiple heads.
1.57 kristaps 666: .Bd -literal -offset indent
1.50 kristaps 667: \&.Yo \(lB\-arg \(lBparm...\(rB\(rB \(lBhead... \(lBTa head...\(rB\(rB
668: \(lBbody...\(rB
1.57 kristaps 669: .Ed
670: .Pp
671: .Bl -column -compact -offset indent "MacroX" "CallableX" "ParsableX" "closed by XXXXXXXXXXX"
672: .It Em Macro Ta Em Callable Ta Em Parsable Ta Em Scope
1.64 kristaps 673: .It Sx \&It Ta \&No Ta Yes Ta closed by Sx \&It , Sx \&El
674: .It Sx \&Nd Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta closed by Sx \&Sh
675: .It Sx \&Sh Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta closed by Sx \&Sh
676: .It Sx \&Ss Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta closed by Sx \&Sh , Sx \&Ss
1.57 kristaps 677: .El
678: .Ss Block partial-explicit
1.100 kristaps 679: Like block full-explicit, but also with single-line scope.
680: Each has at least a body and, in limited circumstances, a head
1.64 kristaps 681: .Po
682: .Sx \&Fo ,
683: .Sx \&Eo
684: .Pc
1.50 kristaps 685: and/or tail
1.64 kristaps 686: .Pq Sx \&Ec .
1.57 kristaps 687: .Bd -literal -offset indent
1.50 kristaps 688: \&.Yo \(lB\-arg \(lBparm...\(rB\(rB \(lBhead...\(rB
689: \(lBbody...\(rB
690: \&.Yc \(lBtail...\(rB
1.2 kristaps 691:
1.43 kristaps 692: \&.Yo \(lB\-arg \(lBparm...\(rB\(rB \(lBhead...\(rB \
1.50 kristaps 693: \(lBbody...\(rB \&Yc \(lBtail...\(rB
1.57 kristaps 694: .Ed
695: .Pp
696: .Bl -column "MacroX" "CallableX" "ParsableX" "closed by XXXX" -compact -offset indent
697: .It Em Macro Ta Em Callable Ta Em Parsable Ta Em Scope
1.64 kristaps 698: .It Sx \&Ac Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta opened by Sx \&Ao
1.63 kristaps 699: .It Sx \&Ao Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta closed by Sx \&Ac
1.64 kristaps 700: .It Sx \&Bc Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta closed by Sx \&Bo
701: .It Sx \&Bo Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta opened by Sx \&Bc
702: .It Sx \&Brc Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta opened by Sx \&Bro
703: .It Sx \&Bro Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta closed by Sx \&Brc
704: .It Sx \&Dc Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta opened by Sx \&Do
705: .It Sx \&Do Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta closed by Sx \&Dc
706: .It Sx \&Ec Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta opened by Sx \&Eo
707: .It Sx \&Eo Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta closed by Sx \&Ec
708: .It Sx \&Fc Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta opened by Sx \&Fo
709: .It Sx \&Fo Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta closed by Sx \&Fc
710: .It Sx \&Oc Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta closed by Sx \&Oo
711: .It Sx \&Oo Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta opened by Sx \&Oc
712: .It Sx \&Pc Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta closed by Sx \&Po
713: .It Sx \&Po Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta opened by Sx \&Pc
714: .It Sx \&Qc Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta opened by Sx \&Oo
715: .It Sx \&Qo Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta closed by Sx \&Oc
1.63 kristaps 716: .It Sx \&Re Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta opened by Sx \&Rs
717: .It Sx \&Rs Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta closed by Sx \&Re
1.64 kristaps 718: .It Sx \&Sc Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta opened by Sx \&So
719: .It Sx \&So Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta closed by Sx \&Sc
720: .It Sx \&Xc Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta opened by Sx \&Xo
721: .It Sx \&Xo Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta closed by Sx \&Xc
1.57 kristaps 722: .El
723: .Ss Block partial-implicit
1.50 kristaps 724: Like block full-implicit, but with single-line scope closed by
1.57 kristaps 725: .Sx Reserved Characters
1.43 kristaps 726: or end of line.
1.57 kristaps 727: .Bd -literal -offset indent
1.43 kristaps 728: \&.Yo \(lB\-arg \(lBval...\(rB\(rB \(lBbody...\(rB \(lBres...\(rB
1.57 kristaps 729: .Ed
730: .Pp
731: .Bl -column "MacroX" "CallableX" "ParsableX" -compact -offset indent
732: .It Em Macro Ta Em Callable Ta Em Parsable
1.64 kristaps 733: .It Sx \&Aq Ta Yes Ta Yes
734: .It Sx \&Bq Ta Yes Ta Yes
735: .It Sx \&Brq Ta Yes Ta Yes
736: .It Sx \&D1 Ta \&No Ta \&Yes
737: .It Sx \&Dl Ta \&No Ta Yes
738: .It Sx \&Dq Ta Yes Ta Yes
739: .It Sx \&Op Ta Yes Ta Yes
740: .It Sx \&Pq Ta Yes Ta Yes
741: .It Sx \&Ql Ta Yes Ta Yes
742: .It Sx \&Qq Ta Yes Ta Yes
743: .It Sx \&Sq Ta Yes Ta Yes
1.83 kristaps 744: .It Sx \&Vt Ta Yes Ta Yes
1.57 kristaps 745: .El
1.83 kristaps 746: .Pp
747: Note that the
748: .Sx \&Vt
749: macro is a
750: .Sx Block partial-implicit
751: only when invoked as the first macro
1.109 kristaps 752: in a
753: .Em SYNOPSIS
754: section line, else it is
1.83 kristaps 755: .Sx In-line .
1.57 kristaps 756: .Ss In-line
1.50 kristaps 757: Closed by
1.57 kristaps 758: .Sx Reserved Characters ,
1.100 kristaps 759: end of line, fixed argument lengths, and/or subsequent macros.
760: In-line macros have only text children.
761: If a number (or inequality) of arguments is
1.57 kristaps 762: .Pq n ,
1.3 kristaps 763: then the macro accepts an arbitrary number of arguments.
1.57 kristaps 764: .Bd -literal -offset indent
1.43 kristaps 765: \&.Yo \(lB\-arg \(lBval...\(rB\(rB \(lBargs...\(rB \(lbres...\(rb
766:
767: \&.Yo \(lB\-arg \(lBval...\(rB\(rB \(lBargs...\(rB Yc...
768:
769: \&.Yo \(lB\-arg \(lBval...\(rB\(rB arg0 arg1 argN
1.57 kristaps 770: .Ed
771: .Pp
772: .Bl -column "MacroX" "CallableX" "ParsableX" "Arguments" -compact -offset indent
773: .It Em Macro Ta Em Callable Ta Em Parsable Ta Em Arguments
1.63 kristaps 774: .It Sx \&%A Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta >0
775: .It Sx \&%B Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta >0
776: .It Sx \&%C Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta >0
777: .It Sx \&%D Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta >0
778: .It Sx \&%I Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta >0
779: .It Sx \&%J Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta >0
780: .It Sx \&%N Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta >0
781: .It Sx \&%O Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta >0
782: .It Sx \&%P Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta >0
1.69 kristaps 783: .It Sx \&%Q Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta >0
1.63 kristaps 784: .It Sx \&%R Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta >0
785: .It Sx \&%T Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta >0
1.69 kristaps 786: .It Sx \&%U Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta >0
1.63 kristaps 787: .It Sx \&%V Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta >0
1.64 kristaps 788: .It Sx \&Ad Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta n
789: .It Sx \&An Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta n
790: .It Sx \&Ap Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta 0
791: .It Sx \&Ar Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta n
792: .It Sx \&At Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta 1
793: .It Sx \&Bsx Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta n
794: .It Sx \&Bt Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta 0
795: .It Sx \&Bx Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta n
796: .It Sx \&Cd Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta >0
797: .It Sx \&Cm Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta n
798: .It Sx \&Db Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta 1
799: .It Sx \&Dd Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta >0
800: .It Sx \&Dt Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta n
801: .It Sx \&Dv Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta n
802: .It Sx \&Dx Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta n
803: .It Sx \&Em Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta >0
804: .It Sx \&En Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta 0
805: .It Sx \&Er Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta >0
806: .It Sx \&Es Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta 0
807: .It Sx \&Ev Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta n
808: .It Sx \&Ex Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta n
809: .It Sx \&Fa Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta n
810: .It Sx \&Fd Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta >0
811: .It Sx \&Fl Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta n
812: .It Sx \&Fn Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta >0
813: .It Sx \&Fr Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta n
814: .It Sx \&Ft Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta n
815: .It Sx \&Fx Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta n
816: .It Sx \&Hf Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta n
817: .It Sx \&Ic Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta >0
818: .It Sx \&In Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta n
819: .It Sx \&Lb Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta 1
820: .It Sx \&Li Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta n
821: .It Sx \&Lk Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta n
822: .It Sx \&Lp Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta 0
823: .It Sx \&Ms Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta >0
824: .It Sx \&Mt Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta >0
825: .It Sx \&Nm Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta n
826: .It Sx \&No Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta 0
827: .It Sx \&Ns Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta 0
828: .It Sx \&Nx Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta n
829: .It Sx \&Os Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta n
830: .It Sx \&Ot Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta n
831: .It Sx \&Ox Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta n
832: .It Sx \&Pa Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta n
1.88 kristaps 833: .It Sx \&Pf Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta 1
1.64 kristaps 834: .It Sx \&Pp Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta 0
835: .It Sx \&Rv Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta n
836: .It Sx \&Sm Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta 1
837: .It Sx \&St Ta \&No Ta Yes Ta 1
838: .It Sx \&Sx Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta >0
839: .It Sx \&Sy Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta >0
840: .It Sx \&Tn Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta >0
841: .It Sx \&Ud Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta 0
842: .It Sx \&Ux Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta n
843: .It Sx \&Va Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta n
844: .It Sx \&Vt Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta >0
1.84 kristaps 845: .It Sx \&Xr Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta >0
1.64 kristaps 846: .It Sx \&br Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta 0
847: .It Sx \&sp Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta 1
1.82 kristaps 848: .El
1.63 kristaps 849: .Sh REFERENCE
850: This section is a canonical reference of all macros, arranged
1.100 kristaps 851: alphabetically.
852: For the scoping of individual macros, see
1.63 kristaps 853: .Sx MACRO SYNTAX .
854: .Ss \&%A
855: Author name of an
856: .Sx \&Rs
857: block. Multiple authors should each be accorded their own
1.64 kristaps 858: .Sx \%%A
1.66 kristaps 859: line. Author names should be ordered with full or abbreviated
860: forename(s) first, then full surname.
1.63 kristaps 861: .Ss \&%B
862: Book title of an
863: .Sx \&Rs
864: block. This macro may also be used in a non-bibliographic context when
865: referring to book titles.
866: .Ss \&%C
867: Publication city or location of an
868: .Sx \&Rs
869: block.
870: .Pp
1.65 kristaps 871: .Em Remarks :
1.63 kristaps 872: this macro is not implemented in
873: .Xr groff 1 .
874: .Ss \&%D
875: Publication date of an
876: .Sx \&Rs
1.72 kristaps 877: block. This should follow the reduced or canonical form syntax
878: described in
1.63 kristaps 879: .Sx Dates .
880: .Ss \&%I
881: Publisher or issuer name of an
882: .Sx \&Rs
883: block.
884: .Ss \&%J
885: Journal name of an
886: .Sx \&Rs
887: block.
888: .Ss \&%N
889: Issue number (usually for journals) of an
890: .Sx \&Rs
891: block.
892: .Ss \&%O
893: Optional information of an
894: .Sx \&Rs
895: block.
896: .Ss \&%P
897: Book or journal page number of an
898: .Sx \&Rs
899: block.
900: .Ss \&%Q
901: Institutional author (school, government, etc.) of an
902: .Sx \&Rs
903: block. Multiple institutional authors should each be accorded their own
1.64 kristaps 904: .Sx \&%Q
1.63 kristaps 905: line.
906: .Ss \&%R
907: Technical report name of an
908: .Sx \&Rs
909: block.
910: .Ss \&%T
911: Article title of an
912: .Sx \&Rs
913: block. This macro may also be used in a non-bibliographical context
914: when referring to article titles.
1.69 kristaps 915: .Ss \&%U
1.70 kristaps 916: URI of reference document.
1.63 kristaps 917: .Ss \&%V
918: Volume number of an
919: .Sx \&Rs
920: block.
921: .Ss \&Ac
922: Closes an
923: .Sx \&Ao
924: block. Does not have any tail arguments.
925: .Ss \&Ad
926: Address construct: usually in the context of an computational address in
927: memory, not a physical (post) address.
928: .Pp
1.64 kristaps 929: Examples:
1.91 kristaps 930: .D1 \&.Ad [0,$]
931: .D1 \&.Ad 0x00000000
1.63 kristaps 932: .Ss \&An
1.100 kristaps 933: Author name.
934: This macro may alternatively accepts the following arguments, although
935: these may not be specified along with a parameter:
1.64 kristaps 936: .Bl -tag -width 12n -offset indent
937: .It Fl split
1.66 kristaps 938: Renders a line break before each author listing.
1.64 kristaps 939: .It Fl nosplit
940: The opposite of
941: .Fl split .
942: .El
943: .Pp
944: In the AUTHORS section, the default is not to split the first author
945: listing, but all subsequent author listings, whether or not they're
1.100 kristaps 946: interspersed by other macros or text, are split.
947: Thus, specifying
1.64 kristaps 948: .Fl split
1.100 kristaps 949: will cause the first listing also to be split.
950: If not in the AUTHORS section, the default is not to split.
1.64 kristaps 951: .Pp
952: Examples:
1.91 kristaps 953: .D1 \&.An -nosplit
954: .D1 \&.An J. D. Ullman .
1.64 kristaps 955: .Pp
956: .Em Remarks :
957: the effects of
958: .Fl split
959: or
960: .Fl nosplit
961: are re-set when entering the AUTHORS section, so if one specifies
962: .Sx \&An Fl nosplit
963: in the general document body, it must be re-specified in the AUTHORS
964: section.
1.63 kristaps 965: .Ss \&Ao
1.100 kristaps 966: Begins a block enclosed by angled brackets.
967: Does not have any head arguments.
1.63 kristaps 968: .Pp
1.64 kristaps 969: Examples:
1.91 kristaps 970: .D1 \&.Fl -key= \&Ns \&Ao \&Ar val \&Ac
1.63 kristaps 971: .Pp
1.64 kristaps 972: See also
973: .Sx \&Aq .
1.63 kristaps 974: .Ss \&Ap
1.100 kristaps 975: Inserts an apostrophe without any surrounding white-space.
1.124 kristaps 976: This is generally used as a grammatical device when referring to the verb
1.100 kristaps 977: form of a function:
1.64 kristaps 978: .Bd -literal -offset indent
979: \&.Fn execve Ap d
980: .Ed
1.63 kristaps 981: .Ss \&Aq
1.82 kristaps 982: Encloses its arguments in angled brackets.
1.64 kristaps 983: .Pp
984: Examples:
1.91 kristaps 985: .D1 \&.Fl -key= \&Ns \&Aq \&Ar val
1.64 kristaps 986: .Pp
987: .Em Remarks :
988: this macro is often abused for rendering URIs, which should instead use
989: .Sx \&Lk
990: or
991: .Sx \&Mt ,
992: or to note pre-processor
993: .Dq Li #include
994: statements, which should use
995: .Sx \&In .
996: .Pp
997: See also
998: .Sx \&Ao .
1.63 kristaps 999: .Ss \&Ar
1.100 kristaps 1000: Command arguments.
1001: If an argument is not provided, the string
1.64 kristaps 1002: .Dq file ...
1.66 kristaps 1003: is used as a default.
1.64 kristaps 1004: .Pp
1005: Examples:
1.91 kristaps 1006: .D1 \&.Fl o \&Ns \&Ar file1
1007: .D1 \&.Ar
1008: .D1 \&.Ar arg1 , arg2 .
1.63 kristaps 1009: .Ss \&At
1.100 kristaps 1010: Formats an AT&T version.
1011: Accepts at most one parameter:
1.64 kristaps 1012: .Bl -tag -width 12n -offset indent
1013: .It Cm v[1-7] | 32v
1014: A version of
1015: .At .
1016: .It Cm V[.[1-4]]?
1017: A system version of
1018: .At .
1019: .El
1020: .Pp
1021: Note that these parameters do not begin with a hyphen.
1022: .Pp
1023: Examples:
1.91 kristaps 1024: .D1 \&.At
1025: .D1 \&.At V.1
1.65 kristaps 1026: .Pp
1027: See also
1.66 kristaps 1028: .Sx \&Bsx ,
1.65 kristaps 1029: .Sx \&Bx ,
1.66 kristaps 1030: .Sx \&Dx ,
1.65 kristaps 1031: .Sx \&Fx ,
1032: .Sx \&Nx ,
1033: .Sx \&Ox ,
1034: and
1035: .Sx \&Ux .
1.63 kristaps 1036: .Ss \&Bc
1.64 kristaps 1037: Closes a
1038: .Sx \&Bo
1039: block. Does not have any tail arguments.
1.63 kristaps 1040: .Ss \&Bd
1.100 kristaps 1041: Begins a display block.
1042: A display is collection of macros or text which may be collectively
1043: offset or justified in a manner different from that
1044: of the enclosing context.
1045: By default, the block is preceded by a vertical space.
1.64 kristaps 1046: .Pp
1047: Each display is associated with a type, which must be one of the
1048: following arguments:
1049: .Bl -tag -width 12n -offset indent
1050: .It Fl ragged
1051: Only left-justify the block.
1052: .It Fl unfilled
1053: Do not justify the block at all.
1054: .It Fl filled
1055: Left- and right-justify the block.
1056: .It Fl literal
1057: Alias for
1058: .Fl unfilled .
1059: .It Fl centered
1060: Centre-justify each line.
1061: .El
1062: .Pp
1.100 kristaps 1063: The type must be provided first.
1064: Secondary arguments are as follows:
1.64 kristaps 1065: .Bl -tag -width 12n -offset indent
1066: .It Fl offset Ar width
1067: Offset by the value of
1068: .Ar width ,
1069: which is interpreted as one of the following, specified in order:
1070: .Bl -item
1071: .It
1072: As one of the pre-defined strings
1073: .Ar indent ,
1074: the width of standard indentation;
1075: .Ar indent-two ,
1076: twice
1077: .Ar indent ;
1078: .Ar left ,
1079: which has no effect ;
1080: .Ar right ,
1081: which justifies to the right margin; and
1082: .Ar center ,
1083: which aligns around an imagined centre axis.
1084: .It
1.100 kristaps 1085: As a precalculated width for a named macro.
1086: The most popular is the imaginary macro
1.67 kristaps 1087: .Ar \&Ds ,
1.64 kristaps 1088: which resolves to
1089: .Ar 6n .
1090: .It
1091: As a scaling unit following the syntax described in
1092: .Sx Scaling Widths .
1093: .It
1094: As the calculated string length of the opaque string.
1095: .El
1096: .Pp
1.126 ! kristaps 1097: If not provided an argument, it will be ignored.
1.64 kristaps 1098: .It Fl compact
1099: Do not assert a vertical space before the block.
1100: .It Fl file Ar file
1101: Prepend the file
1102: .Ar file
1103: before any text or macros within the block.
1104: .El
1105: .Pp
1106: Examples:
1107: .Bd -literal -offset indent
1108: \&.Bd \-unfilled \-offset two-indent \-compact
1.65 kristaps 1109: Hello world.
1.64 kristaps 1110: \&.Ed
1111: .Ed
1.66 kristaps 1112: .Pp
1113: See also
1114: .Sx \&D1
1115: and
1116: .Sx \&Dl .
1.63 kristaps 1117: .Ss \&Bf
1118: .Ss \&Bk
1119: .Ss \&Bl
1.103 kristaps 1120: Begins a list composed of one or more list entries.
1.104 kristaps 1121: A list is associated with a type, which is a required argument.
1122: Other arguments are
1123: .Fl width ,
1124: defined per-type as accepting a literal or
1125: .Sx Scaling Widths
1126: value;
1127: .Fl offset ,
1128: also accepting a literal or
1129: .Sx Scaling Widths
1130: value setting the list's global offset; and
1131: .Fl compact ,
1132: suppressing the default vertical space printed before each list entry.
1.103 kristaps 1133: A list entry is specified by the
1134: .Sx \&It
1135: macro, which consists of a head and optional body (depending on the list
1136: type).
1137: A list must specify one of the following list types:
1138: .Bl -tag -width 12n -offset indent
1139: .It Fl bullet
1140: A list offset by a bullet.
1141: The head of list entries must be empty.
1142: List entry bodies are positioned after the bullet.
1.104 kristaps 1143: The
1144: .Fl width
1145: argument varies the width of list bodies' left-margins.
1.103 kristaps 1146: .It Fl column
1147: A columnated list.
1.104 kristaps 1148: The
1149: .Fl width
1150: argument has no effect.
1.103 kristaps 1151: The number of columns is specified as parameters to the
1152: .Sx \&Bl
1153: macro.
1154: These dictate the width of columns either as
1155: .Sx Scaling Widths
1156: or literal text.
1.114 kristaps 1157: If the initial macro of a
1158: .Fl column
1159: list is not an
1160: .Sx \&It ,
1161: an
1162: .Sx \&It
1163: context spanning each line is implied until an
1164: .Sx \&It
1165: line macro is encountered, at which point list bodies are interpreted as
1166: described in the
1167: .Sx \&It
1168: documentation.
1.103 kristaps 1169: .It Fl dash
1170: A list offset by a dash (hyphen).
1171: The head of list entries must be empty.
1172: List entry bodies are positioned past the dash.
1.104 kristaps 1173: The
1174: .Fl width
1175: argument varies the width of list bodies' left-margins.
1.103 kristaps 1176: .It Fl diag
1177: Like
1178: .Fl inset ,
1179: but with additional formatting to the head.
1.104 kristaps 1180: The
1181: .Fl width
1182: argument varies the width of list bodies' left-margins.
1.103 kristaps 1183: .It Fl enum
1184: An enumerated list offset by the enumeration from 1.
1185: The head of list entries must be empty.
1186: List entry bodies are positioned after the enumeration.
1.104 kristaps 1187: The
1188: .Fl width
1189: argument varies the width of list bodies' left-margins.
1.103 kristaps 1190: .It Fl hang
1191: Like
1192: .Fl tag ,
1193: but instead of list bodies positioned after the head, they trail the
1194: head text.
1.104 kristaps 1195: The
1196: .Fl width
1197: argument varies the width of list bodies' left-margins.
1.103 kristaps 1198: .It Fl hyphen
1199: Synonym for
1200: .Fl dash .
1201: .It Fl inset
1202: List bodies follow the list head.
1.104 kristaps 1203: The
1204: .Fl width
1205: argument is ignored.
1.103 kristaps 1206: .It Fl item
1207: This produces blocks of text.
1208: The head of list entries must be empty.
1.104 kristaps 1209: The
1210: .Fl width
1211: argument is ignored.
1.103 kristaps 1212: .It Fl ohang
1213: List bodies are positioned on the line following the head.
1.104 kristaps 1214: The
1215: .Fl width
1216: argument is ignored.
1.103 kristaps 1217: .It Fl tag
1218: A list offset by list entry heads. List entry bodies are positioned
1219: after the head as specified by the
1220: .Fl width
1221: argument.
1222: .El
1.114 kristaps 1223: .Pp
1224: See also
1225: .Sx \&It .
1.63 kristaps 1226: .Ss \&Bo
1.100 kristaps 1227: Begins a block enclosed by square brackets.
1228: Does not have any head arguments.
1.65 kristaps 1229: .Pp
1230: Examples:
1231: .Bd -literal -offset indent
1232: \&.Bo 1 ,
1.91 kristaps 1233: \&.Dv BUFSIZ \&Bc
1.65 kristaps 1234: .Ed
1235: .Pp
1236: See also
1237: .Sx \&Bq .
1.63 kristaps 1238: .Ss \&Bq
1.82 kristaps 1239: Encloses its arguments in square brackets.
1.65 kristaps 1240: .Pp
1241: Examples:
1.91 kristaps 1242: .D1 \&.Bq 1 , \&Dv BUFSIZ
1.65 kristaps 1243: .Pp
1244: .Em Remarks :
1245: this macro is sometimes abused to emulate optional arguments for
1246: commands; the correct macros to use for this purpose are
1247: .Sx \&Op ,
1248: .Sx \&Oo ,
1249: and
1250: .Sx \&Oc .
1251: .Pp
1252: See also
1253: .Sx \&Bo .
1.63 kristaps 1254: .Ss \&Brc
1.65 kristaps 1255: Closes a
1256: .Sx \&Bro
1257: block. Does not have any tail arguments.
1.63 kristaps 1258: .Ss \&Bro
1.100 kristaps 1259: Begins a block enclosed by curly braces.
1260: Does not have any head arguments.
1.65 kristaps 1261: .Pp
1262: Examples:
1263: .Bd -literal -offset indent
1264: \&.Bro 1 , ... ,
1.91 kristaps 1265: \&.Va n \&Brc
1.65 kristaps 1266: .Ed
1267: .Pp
1268: See also
1269: .Sx \&Brq .
1.63 kristaps 1270: .Ss \&Brq
1.65 kristaps 1271: Encloses its arguments in curly braces.
1272: .Pp
1273: Examples:
1.91 kristaps 1274: .D1 \&.Brq 1 , ... , \&Va n
1.65 kristaps 1275: .Pp
1276: See also
1277: .Sx \&Bro .
1.63 kristaps 1278: .Ss \&Bsx
1.65 kristaps 1279: Format the BSD/OS version provided as an argument, or a default value if
1280: no argument is provided.
1281: .Pp
1282: Examples:
1.91 kristaps 1283: .D1 \&.Bsx 1.0
1284: .D1 \&.Bsx
1.65 kristaps 1285: .Pp
1286: See also
1287: .Sx \&At ,
1288: .Sx \&Bx ,
1.66 kristaps 1289: .Sx \&Dx ,
1.65 kristaps 1290: .Sx \&Fx ,
1291: .Sx \&Nx ,
1292: .Sx \&Ox ,
1293: and
1294: .Sx \&Ux .
1.63 kristaps 1295: .Ss \&Bt
1.66 kristaps 1296: Prints
1297: .Dq is currently in beta test.
1.63 kristaps 1298: .Ss \&Bx
1.65 kristaps 1299: Format the BSD version provided as an argument, or a default value if no
1300: argument is provided.
1301: .Pp
1302: Examples:
1.91 kristaps 1303: .D1 \&.Bx 4.4
1304: .D1 \&.Bx
1.65 kristaps 1305: .Pp
1306: See also
1307: .Sx \&At ,
1308: .Sx \&Bsx ,
1.66 kristaps 1309: .Sx \&Dx ,
1.65 kristaps 1310: .Sx \&Fx ,
1311: .Sx \&Nx ,
1312: .Sx \&Ox ,
1313: and
1314: .Sx \&Ux .
1.63 kristaps 1315: .Ss \&Cd
1.100 kristaps 1316: Configuration declaration.
1317: This denotes strings accepted by
1.66 kristaps 1318: .Xr config 8 .
1319: .Pp
1320: Examples:
1.91 kristaps 1321: .D1 \&.Cd device le0 at scode?
1.66 kristaps 1322: .Pp
1323: .Em Remarks :
1324: this macro is commonly abused by using quoted literals to retain
1325: white-space and align consecutive
1326: .Sx \&Cd
1.100 kristaps 1327: declarations.
1328: This practise is discouraged.
1.63 kristaps 1329: .Ss \&Cm
1.100 kristaps 1330: Command modifiers.
1331: Useful when specifying configuration options or keys.
1.66 kristaps 1332: .Pp
1333: Examples:
1.91 kristaps 1334: .D1 \&.Cm ControlPath
1335: .D1 \&.Cm ControlMaster
1.66 kristaps 1336: .Pp
1337: See also
1338: .Sx \&Fl .
1.63 kristaps 1339: .Ss \&D1
1.100 kristaps 1340: One-line indented display.
1341: This is formatted by the default rules and is useful for simple indented
1342: statements.
1343: It is followed by a newline.
1.66 kristaps 1344: .Pp
1345: Examples:
1.91 kristaps 1346: .D1 \&.D1 \&Fl abcdefgh
1.66 kristaps 1347: .Pp
1348: See also
1349: .Sx \&Bd
1350: and
1351: .Sx \&Dl .
1.63 kristaps 1352: .Ss \&Db
1.117 kristaps 1353: Start a debugging context.
1354: This macro is parsed, but generally ignored.
1.120 kristaps 1355: Its syntax is as follows:
1.117 kristaps 1356: .Pp
1.120 kristaps 1357: .D1 Pf \. Sx \&Db Cm on | off
1.63 kristaps 1358: .Ss \&Dc
1.66 kristaps 1359: Closes a
1360: .Sx \&Do
1361: block. Does not have any tail arguments.
1.63 kristaps 1362: .Ss \&Dd
1.100 kristaps 1363: Document date.
1364: This is the mandatory first macro of any
1.66 kristaps 1365: .Nm
1.100 kristaps 1366: manual.
1.120 kristaps 1367: Its syntax is as follows:
1.66 kristaps 1368: .Pp
1.120 kristaps 1369: .D1 Pf \. Sx \&Dd Cm date
1.66 kristaps 1370: .Pp
1.82 kristaps 1371: The
1.66 kristaps 1372: .Cm date
1373: field may be either
1374: .Ar $\&Mdocdate$ ,
1375: which signifies the current manual revision date dictated by
1.72 kristaps 1376: .Xr cvs 1 ,
1.66 kristaps 1377: or instead a valid canonical date as specified by
1378: .Sx Dates .
1.72 kristaps 1379: If a date does not conform, the current date is used instead.
1.66 kristaps 1380: .Pp
1381: Examples:
1.91 kristaps 1382: .D1 \&.Dd $\&Mdocdate$
1383: .D1 \&.Dd $\&Mdocdate: July 21 2007$
1384: .D1 \&.Dd July 21, 2007
1.66 kristaps 1385: .Pp
1386: See also
1387: .Sx \&Dt
1388: and
1389: .Sx \&Os .
1.63 kristaps 1390: .Ss \&Dl
1.100 kristaps 1391: One-line intended display.
1392: This is formatted as literal text and is useful for commands and
1393: invocations.
1394: It is followed by a newline.
1.66 kristaps 1395: .Pp
1396: Examples:
1.91 kristaps 1397: .D1 \&.Dl % mandoc mdoc.7 | less
1.66 kristaps 1398: .Pp
1399: See also
1400: .Sx \&Bd
1401: and
1402: .Sx \&D1 .
1.63 kristaps 1403: .Ss \&Do
1.66 kristaps 1404: Begins a block enclosed by double quotes. Does not have any head
1405: arguments.
1406: .Pp
1407: Examples:
1.91 kristaps 1408: .D1 \&.D1 \&Do April is the cruellest month \&Dc \e(em T.S. Eliot
1.66 kristaps 1409: .Pp
1410: See also
1411: .Sx \&Dq .
1.63 kristaps 1412: .Ss \&Dq
1.82 kristaps 1413: Encloses its arguments in double quotes.
1.66 kristaps 1414: .Pp
1415: Examples:
1.91 kristaps 1416: .Bd -literal -offset indent -compact
1.66 kristaps 1417: \&.Dq April is the cruellest month
1418: \e(em T.S. Eliot
1419: .Ed
1420: .Pp
1421: See also
1422: .Sx \&Do .
1.63 kristaps 1423: .Ss \&Dt
1.100 kristaps 1424: Document title.
1425: This is the mandatory second macro of any
1.66 kristaps 1426: .Nm
1.100 kristaps 1427: file.
1.120 kristaps 1428: Its syntax is as follows:
1429: .Bd -ragged -offset indent
1430: .Pf \. Sx \&Dt
1431: .Oo
1432: .Cm title
1433: .Oo
1434: .Cm section
1435: .Op Cm volume | arch
1436: .Oc
1437: .Oc
1438: .Ed
1.66 kristaps 1439: .Pp
1440: Its arguments are as follows:
1441: .Bl -tag -width Ds -offset Ds
1442: .It Cm title
1.111 kristaps 1443: The document's title (name), defaulting to
1444: .Qq UNKNOWN
1445: if unspecified.
1446: It should be capitalised.
1.66 kristaps 1447: .It Cm section
1.100 kristaps 1448: The manual section.
1449: This may be one of
1.66 kristaps 1450: .Ar 1
1451: .Pq utilities ,
1452: .Ar 2
1453: .Pq system calls ,
1454: .Ar 3
1455: .Pq libraries ,
1456: .Ar 3p
1457: .Pq Perl libraries ,
1458: .Ar 4
1459: .Pq devices ,
1460: .Ar 5
1461: .Pq file formats ,
1462: .Ar 6
1463: .Pq games ,
1464: .Ar 7
1465: .Pq miscellaneous ,
1466: .Ar 8
1467: .Pq system utilities ,
1468: .Ar 9
1469: .Pq kernel functions ,
1470: .Ar X11
1471: .Pq X Window System ,
1472: .Ar X11R6
1473: .Pq X Window System ,
1474: .Ar unass
1475: .Pq unassociated ,
1476: .Ar local
1477: .Pq local system ,
1478: .Ar draft
1479: .Pq draft manual ,
1480: or
1481: .Ar paper
1482: .Pq paper .
1.111 kristaps 1483: It should correspond to the manual's filename suffix and defaults to
1484: .Qq 1
1485: if unspecified.
1.66 kristaps 1486: .It Cm volume
1487: This overrides the volume inferred from
1488: .Ar section .
1489: This field is optional, and if specified, must be one of
1490: .Ar USD
1491: .Pq users' supplementary documents ,
1492: .Ar PS1
1493: .Pq programmers' supplementary documents ,
1494: .Ar AMD
1495: .Pq administrators' supplementary documents ,
1496: .Ar SMM
1497: .Pq system managers' manuals ,
1498: .Ar URM
1499: .Pq users' reference manuals ,
1500: .Ar PRM
1501: .Pq programmers' reference manuals ,
1502: .Ar KM
1503: .Pq kernel manuals ,
1504: .Ar IND
1505: .Pq master index ,
1506: .Ar MMI
1507: .Pq master index ,
1508: .Ar LOCAL
1509: .Pq local manuals ,
1510: .Ar LOC
1511: .Pq local manuals ,
1512: or
1513: .Ar CON
1514: .Pq contributed manuals .
1515: .It Cm arch
1.100 kristaps 1516: This specifies a specific relevant architecture.
1517: If
1.66 kristaps 1518: .Cm volume
1519: is not provided, it may be used in its place, else it may be used
1.100 kristaps 1520: subsequent that.
1521: It, too, is optional.
1522: It must be one of
1.66 kristaps 1523: .Ar alpha ,
1524: .Ar amd64 ,
1525: .Ar amiga ,
1526: .Ar arc ,
1527: .Ar arm ,
1528: .Ar armish ,
1529: .Ar aviion ,
1530: .Ar hp300 ,
1531: .Ar hppa ,
1532: .Ar hppa64 ,
1533: .Ar i386 ,
1534: .Ar landisk ,
1.86 kristaps 1535: .Ar loongson ,
1.66 kristaps 1536: .Ar luna88k ,
1537: .Ar mac68k ,
1538: .Ar macppc ,
1539: .Ar mvme68k ,
1540: .Ar mvme88k ,
1541: .Ar mvmeppc ,
1542: .Ar pmax ,
1543: .Ar sgi ,
1544: .Ar socppc ,
1545: .Ar sparc ,
1546: .Ar sparc64 ,
1547: .Ar sun3 ,
1548: .Ar vax ,
1549: or
1550: .Ar zaurus .
1551: .El
1552: .Pp
1553: Examples:
1.91 kristaps 1554: .D1 \&.Dt FOO 1
1555: .D1 \&.Dt FOO 4 KM
1556: .D1 \&.Dt FOO 9 i386
1.66 kristaps 1557: .Pp
1558: See also
1559: .Sx \&Dd
1560: and
1561: .Sx \&Os .
1.63 kristaps 1562: .Ss \&Dv
1.66 kristaps 1563: Defined variables such as preprocessor constants.
1564: .Pp
1565: Examples:
1.91 kristaps 1566: .D1 \&.Dv BUFSIZ
1567: .D1 \&.Dv STDOUT_FILENO
1.66 kristaps 1568: .Pp
1569: See also
1570: .Sx \&Er .
1.63 kristaps 1571: .Ss \&Dx
1.71 kristaps 1572: Format the DragonFly BSD version provided as an argument, or a default
1.66 kristaps 1573: value if no argument is provided.
1574: .Pp
1575: Examples:
1.91 kristaps 1576: .D1 \&.Dx 2.4.1
1577: .D1 \&.Dx
1.66 kristaps 1578: .Pp
1579: See also
1580: .Sx \&At ,
1581: .Sx \&Bsx ,
1582: .Sx \&Bx ,
1583: .Sx \&Fx ,
1584: .Sx \&Nx ,
1585: .Sx \&Ox ,
1586: and
1587: .Sx \&Ux .
1.63 kristaps 1588: .Ss \&Ec
1589: .Ss \&Ed
1590: .Ss \&Ef
1591: .Ss \&Ek
1592: .Ss \&El
1.117 kristaps 1593: Ends a list context started by
1594: .Sx \&Bl .
1595: .Pp
1596: See also
1597: .Sx \&Bl
1598: and
1599: .Sx \&It .
1.63 kristaps 1600: .Ss \&Em
1.100 kristaps 1601: Denotes text that should be emphasised.
1602: Note that this is a presentation term and should not be used for
1603: stylistically decorating technical terms.
1.66 kristaps 1604: .Pp
1605: Examples:
1.91 kristaps 1606: .D1 \&.Em Warnings!
1607: .D1 \&.Em Remarks :
1.63 kristaps 1608: .Ss \&En
1609: .Ss \&Eo
1610: .Ss \&Er
1.90 kristaps 1611: Display error constants.
1.66 kristaps 1612: .Pp
1613: Examples:
1.91 kristaps 1614: .D1 \&.Er EPERM
1615: .D1 \&.Er ENOENT
1.66 kristaps 1616: .Pp
1617: See also
1618: .Sx \&Dv .
1.63 kristaps 1619: .Ss \&Es
1620: .Ss \&Ev
1.66 kristaps 1621: Environmental variables such as those specified in
1622: .Xr environ 7 .
1623: .Pp
1624: Examples:
1.91 kristaps 1625: .D1 \&.Ev DISPLAY
1626: .D1 \&.Ev PATH
1.63 kristaps 1627: .Ss \&Ex
1.100 kristaps 1628: Inserts text regarding a utility's exit values.
1629: This macro must have first the
1.66 kristaps 1630: .Fl std
1631: argument specified, then an optional
1632: .Ar utility .
1633: If
1634: .Ar utility
1635: is not provided, the document's name as stipulated in
1636: .Sx \&Nm
1637: is provided.
1.63 kristaps 1638: .Ss \&Fa
1.117 kristaps 1639: Function argument.
1.120 kristaps 1640: Its syntax is as follows:
1641: .Bd -ragged -offset indent
1642: .Pf \. Sx \&Fa
1643: .Op Cm argtype
1644: .Cm argname
1645: .Ed
1646: .Pp
1.117 kristaps 1647: This may be invoked for names with or without the corresponding type.
1648: It is also used to specify the field name of a structure.
1649: Most often, the
1650: .Sx \&Fa
1651: macro is used in the
1652: .Em SYNOPSIS
1.120 kristaps 1653: within
1654: .Sx \&Fo
1.117 kristaps 1655: section when documenting multi-line function prototypes.
1656: If invoked with multiple arguments, the arguments are separated by a
1657: comma.
1658: Furthermore, if the following macro is another
1659: .Sx \&Fa ,
1660: the last argument will also have a trailing comma.
1661: .Pp
1662: Examples:
1663: .D1 \&.Fa \(dqconst char *p\(dq
1664: .D1 \&.Fa \(dqint a\(dq \(dqint b\(dq \(dqint c\(dq
1665: .D1 \&.Fa foo
1.120 kristaps 1666: .Pp
1667: See also
1668: .Sx \&Fo .
1.63 kristaps 1669: .Ss \&Fc
1670: .Ss \&Fd
1.117 kristaps 1671: Historically used to document include files.
1672: This usage has been deprecated in favour of
1673: .Sx \&In .
1674: Do not use this macro.
1675: .Pp
1676: See also
1.122 kristaps 1677: .Sx MANUAL STRUCTURE
1678: and
1.117 kristaps 1679: .Sx \&In .
1.63 kristaps 1680: .Ss \&Fl
1.100 kristaps 1681: Command-line flag.
1682: Used when listing arguments to command-line utilities.
1683: Prints a fixed-width hyphen
1.79 kristaps 1684: .Sq \-
1.100 kristaps 1685: directly followed by each argument.
1686: If no arguments are provided, a hyphen is printed followed by a space.
1687: If the argument is a macro, a hyphen is prefixed to the subsequent macro
1688: output.
1.79 kristaps 1689: .Pp
1690: Examples:
1.91 kristaps 1691: .D1 \&.Fl a b c
1692: .D1 \&.Fl \&Pf a b
1693: .D1 \&.Fl
1694: .D1 \&.Op \&Fl o \&Ns \&Ar file
1.79 kristaps 1695: .Pp
1696: See also
1697: .Sx \&Cm .
1.63 kristaps 1698: .Ss \&Fn
1.119 kristaps 1699: A function name.
1.120 kristaps 1700: Its syntax is as follows:
1.119 kristaps 1701: .Bd -ragged -offset indent
1702: .Pf \. Ns Sx \&Fn
1703: .Op Cm functype
1704: .Cm funcname
1705: .Op Oo Cm argtype Oc Cm argname
1706: .Ed
1.120 kristaps 1707: .Pp
1.122 kristaps 1708: Function arguments are surrounded in parenthesis and
1.119 kristaps 1709: are delimited by commas.
1710: If no arguments are specified, blank parenthesis are output.
1711: .Pp
1712: Examples:
1713: .D1 \&.Fn "int funcname" "int arg0" "int arg1"
1714: .D1 \&.Fn funcname "int arg0"
1715: .D1 \&.Fn funcname arg0
1.120 kristaps 1716: .Bd -literal -offset indent -compact
1717: \&.Ft functype
1718: \&.Fn funcname
1719: .Ed
1.119 kristaps 1720: .Pp
1721: See also
1.122 kristaps 1722: .Sx MANUAL STRUCTURE
1.119 kristaps 1723: and
1724: .Sx \&Ft .
1.63 kristaps 1725: .Ss \&Fo
1.120 kristaps 1726: Begin a function block.
1727: This is a multi-line version of
1728: .Sx \&Fn .
1729: Its syntax is as follows:
1730: .Pp
1731: .D1 Pf \. Sx \&Fo Cm funcname
1732: .Pp
1733: Invocations usually occur in the following context:
1734: .Bd -ragged -offset indent
1735: .Pf \. Sx \&Ft Cm functype
1736: .br
1737: .Pf \. Sx \&Fo Cm funcname
1738: .br
1739: .Pf \. Sx \&Fa Oo Cm argtype Oc Cm argname
1740: .br
1741: \.\.\.
1742: .br
1743: .Pf \. Sx \&Fc
1744: .Ed
1745: .Pp
1746: A
1747: .Sx \&Fo
1748: scope is closed by
1749: .Pp
1750: See also
1.122 kristaps 1751: .Sx MANUAL STRUCTURE ,
1.120 kristaps 1752: .Sx \&Fa ,
1753: .Sx \&Fc ,
1754: and
1.63 kristaps 1755: .Ss \&Ft
1.120 kristaps 1756: A function type.
1757: Its syntax is as follows:
1758: .Pp
1759: .D1 Pf \. Sx \&Ft Cm functype
1760: .Pp
1761: Examples:
1762: .D1 \&.Ft int
1763: .Bd -literal -offset indent -compact
1764: \&.Ft functype
1765: \&.Fn funcname
1766: .Ed
1767: .Pp
1768: See also
1.122 kristaps 1769: .Sx MANUAL STRUCTURE ,
1770: .Sx \&Fn ,
1.120 kristaps 1771: and
1.122 kristaps 1772: .Sx \&Fo .
1.63 kristaps 1773: .Ss \&Fx
1.65 kristaps 1774: Format the FreeBSD version provided as an argument, or a default value
1775: if no argument is provided.
1776: .Pp
1777: Examples:
1.91 kristaps 1778: .D1 \&.Fx 7.1
1779: .D1 \&.Fx
1.65 kristaps 1780: .Pp
1781: See also
1782: .Sx \&At ,
1.66 kristaps 1783: .Sx \&Bsx ,
1.65 kristaps 1784: .Sx \&Bx ,
1.66 kristaps 1785: .Sx \&Dx ,
1.65 kristaps 1786: .Sx \&Nx ,
1787: .Sx \&Ox ,
1788: and
1789: .Sx \&Ux .
1.63 kristaps 1790: .Ss \&Hf
1791: .Ss \&Ic
1792: .Ss \&In
1.118 kristaps 1793: An
1794: .Qq include
1795: file.
1796: In the
1797: .Em SYNOPSIS
1798: section (only if invoked as the line macro), the first argument is
1799: preceded by
1800: .Qq #include ,
1.122 kristaps 1801: the arguments is enclosed in angled braces.
1.118 kristaps 1802: .Pp
1.122 kristaps 1803: Examples:
1.118 kristaps 1804: .D1 \&.In sys/types
1.122 kristaps 1805: .Pp
1806: See also
1807: .Sx MANUAL STRUCTURE .
1.63 kristaps 1808: .Ss \&It
1.120 kristaps 1809: A list item.
1810: The syntax of this macro depends on the list type.
1.114 kristaps 1811: .Pp
1812: Lists
1813: of type
1814: .Fl hang ,
1815: .Fl ohang ,
1816: .Fl inset ,
1817: and
1818: .Fl diag
1.120 kristaps 1819: have the following syntax:
1.114 kristaps 1820: .Pp
1.120 kristaps 1821: .D1 Pf \. Sx \&It Cm args
1.114 kristaps 1822: .Pp
1823: Lists of type
1824: .Fl bullet ,
1825: .Fl dash ,
1826: .Fl enum ,
1827: .Fl hyphen
1828: and
1829: .Fl item
1.120 kristaps 1830: have the following syntax:
1.114 kristaps 1831: .Pp
1.120 kristaps 1832: .D1 Pf \. Sx \&It
1.114 kristaps 1833: .Pp
1834: with subsequent lines interpreted within the scope of the
1835: .Sx \&It
1836: until either a closing
1837: .Sx \&El
1838: or another
1839: .Sx \&It .
1840: .Pp
1841: The
1842: .Fl tag
1.120 kristaps 1843: list has the following syntax:
1.114 kristaps 1844: .Pp
1.120 kristaps 1845: .D1 Pf \. Sx \&It Op Cm args
1.114 kristaps 1846: .Pp
1.120 kristaps 1847: Subsequent lines are interpreted as with
1.114 kristaps 1848: .Fl bullet
1849: and family.
1850: The line arguments correspond to the list's left-hand side; body
1851: arguments correspond to the list's contents.
1852: .Pp
1853: The
1854: .Fl column
1855: list is the most complicated.
1.120 kristaps 1856: Its syntax is as follows:
1.114 kristaps 1857: .Pp
1.120 kristaps 1858: .D1 Pf \. Sx \&It Op Cm args
1.114 kristaps 1859: .Pp
1.120 kristaps 1860: The
1.114 kristaps 1861: .Cm args
1862: are phrases, a mix of macros and text corresponding to a line column,
1863: delimited by tabs or the special
1864: .Sq \&Ta
1865: pseudo-macro.
1866: Lines subsequent the
1867: .Sx \&It
1868: are interpreted within the scope of the last phrase.
1869: Calling the pseudo-macro
1870: .Sq \&Ta
1871: will open a new phrase scope (this must occur on a macro line to be
1872: interpreted as a macro). Note that the tab phrase delimiter may only be
1873: used within the
1874: .Sx \&It
1875: line itself.
1876: Subsequent this, only the
1877: .Sq \&Ta
1878: pseudo-macro may be used to delimit phrases.
1.124 kristaps 1879: Furthermore, note that quoted sections propagate over tab-delimited
1.114 kristaps 1880: phrases on an
1881: .Sx \&It ,
1882: for example,
1883: .Pp
1.121 kristaps 1884: .D1 .It \(dqcol1 ; <TAB> col2 ;\(dq \&;
1.114 kristaps 1885: .Pp
1886: will preserve the semicolon whitespace except for the last.
1887: .Pp
1888: See also
1889: .Sx \&Bl .
1.63 kristaps 1890: .Ss \&Lb
1.109 kristaps 1891: Specify a library.
1.120 kristaps 1892: The syntax is as follows:
1.109 kristaps 1893: .Pp
1.120 kristaps 1894: .D1 Pf \. Sx \&Lb Cm library
1.109 kristaps 1895: .Pp
1896: The
1897: .Cm library
1898: parameter may be a system library, such as
1899: .Cm libz
1900: or
1901: .Cm libpam ,
1902: in which case a small library description is printed next to the linker
1903: invocation; or a custom library, in which case the library name is
1904: printed in quotes.
1905: This is most commonly used in the
1906: .Em SYNOPSIS
1907: section as described in
1908: .Sx MANUAL STRUCTURE .
1909: .Pp
1910: Examples:
1911: .D1 \&.Lb libz
1912: .D1 \&.Lb mdoc
1.63 kristaps 1913: .Ss \&Li
1914: .Ss \&Lk
1.100 kristaps 1915: Format a hyperlink.
1.120 kristaps 1916: Its syntax is as follows:
1.70 kristaps 1917: .Pp
1.120 kristaps 1918: .D1 Pf \. Sx \&Lk Cm uri Op Cm name
1.70 kristaps 1919: .Pp
1920: Examples:
1.91 kristaps 1921: .D1 \&.Lk http://bsd.lv "The BSD.lv Project"
1922: .D1 \&.Lk http://bsd.lv
1.70 kristaps 1923: .Pp
1924: See also
1925: .Sx \&Mt .
1.63 kristaps 1926: .Ss \&Lp
1927: .Ss \&Ms
1928: .Ss \&Mt
1.116 kristaps 1929: Format a
1930: .Qq mailto:
1931: hyperlink.
1.120 kristaps 1932: Its syntax is as follows:
1.116 kristaps 1933: .Pp
1.120 kristaps 1934: .D1 Pf \. Sx \&Mt Cm address
1.116 kristaps 1935: .Pp
1936: Examples:
1937: .D1 \&.Mt discuss@manpages.bsd.lv
1.63 kristaps 1938: .Ss \&Nd
1939: .Ss \&Nm
1940: .Ss \&No
1941: .Ss \&Ns
1942: .Ss \&Nx
1.65 kristaps 1943: Format the NetBSD version provided as an argument, or a default value if
1944: no argument is provided.
1945: .Pp
1946: Examples:
1.91 kristaps 1947: .D1 \&.Nx 5.01
1948: .D1 \&.Nx
1.65 kristaps 1949: .Pp
1950: See also
1951: .Sx \&At ,
1.66 kristaps 1952: .Sx \&Bsx ,
1.65 kristaps 1953: .Sx \&Bx ,
1.66 kristaps 1954: .Sx \&Dx ,
1.65 kristaps 1955: .Sx \&Fx ,
1956: .Sx \&Ox ,
1957: and
1958: .Sx \&Ux .
1.63 kristaps 1959: .Ss \&Oc
1960: .Ss \&Oo
1961: .Ss \&Op
1962: .Ss \&Os
1.100 kristaps 1963: Document operating system version.
1964: This is the mandatory third macro of
1.66 kristaps 1965: any
1966: .Nm
1.120 kristaps 1967: file.
1968: Its syntax is as follows:
1.66 kristaps 1969: .Pp
1.120 kristaps 1970: .D1 Pf \. Sx \&Os Op Cm system
1.66 kristaps 1971: .Pp
1972: The optional
1973: .Cm system
1.100 kristaps 1974: parameter specifies the relevant operating system or environment.
1975: Left unspecified, it defaults to the local operating system version.
1976: This is the suggested form.
1.66 kristaps 1977: .Pp
1978: Examples:
1.91 kristaps 1979: .D1 \&.Os
1980: .D1 \&.Os KTH/CSC/TCS
1981: .D1 \&.Os BSD 4.3
1.66 kristaps 1982: .Pp
1983: See also
1984: .Sx \&Dd
1985: and
1986: .Sx \&Dt .
1.63 kristaps 1987: .Ss \&Ot
1.66 kristaps 1988: Unknown usage.
1989: .Pp
1990: .Em Remarks :
1991: this macro has been deprecated.
1.63 kristaps 1992: .Ss \&Ox
1.65 kristaps 1993: Format the OpenBSD version provided as an argument, or a default value
1994: if no argument is provided.
1995: .Pp
1996: Examples:
1.91 kristaps 1997: .D1 \&.Ox 4.5
1998: .D1 \&.Ox
1.65 kristaps 1999: .Pp
2000: See also
2001: .Sx \&At ,
2002: .Sx \&Bsx ,
2003: .Sx \&Bx ,
1.66 kristaps 2004: .Sx \&Dx ,
1.65 kristaps 2005: .Sx \&Fx ,
2006: .Sx \&Nx ,
2007: and
2008: .Sx \&Ux .
1.63 kristaps 2009: .Ss \&Pa
2010: .Ss \&Pc
2011: .Ss \&Pf
2012: .Ss \&Po
2013: .Ss \&Pp
2014: .Ss \&Pq
2015: .Ss \&Qc
2016: .Ss \&Ql
2017: .Ss \&Qo
2018: .Ss \&Qq
2019: .Ss \&Re
2020: Closes a
2021: .Sx \&Rs
1.100 kristaps 2022: block.
2023: Does not have any tail arguments.
1.63 kristaps 2024: .Ss \&Rs
2025: Begins a bibliographic
2026: .Pq Dq reference
1.100 kristaps 2027: block.
2028: Does not have any head arguments.
2029: The block macro may only contain
1.63 kristaps 2030: .Sx \&%A ,
2031: .Sx \&%B ,
2032: .Sx \&%C ,
2033: .Sx \&%D ,
2034: .Sx \&%I ,
2035: .Sx \&%J ,
2036: .Sx \&%N ,
2037: .Sx \&%O ,
2038: .Sx \&%P ,
2039: .Sx \&%Q ,
2040: .Sx \&%R ,
2041: .Sx \&%T ,
1.120 kristaps 2042: .Sx \&%U ,
1.63 kristaps 2043: and
2044: .Sx \&%V
2045: child macros (at least one must be specified).
2046: .Pp
1.64 kristaps 2047: Examples:
1.91 kristaps 2048: .Bd -literal -offset indent -compact
1.63 kristaps 2049: \&.Rs
2050: \&.%A J. E. Hopcroft
2051: \&.%A J. D. Ullman
2052: \&.%B Introduction to Automata Theory, Languages, and Computation
2053: \&.%I Addison-Wesley
2054: \&.%C Reading, Massachusettes
2055: \&.%D 1979
2056: \&.Re
2057: .Ed
2058: .Pp
2059: If an
2060: .Sx \&Rs
2061: block is used within a SEE ALSO section, a vertical space is asserted
2062: before the rendered output, else the block continues on the current
2063: line.
2064: .Ss \&Rv
2065: .Ss \&Sc
2066: .Ss \&Sh
2067: .Ss \&Sm
2068: .Ss \&So
2069: .Ss \&Sq
2070: .Ss \&Ss
2071: .Ss \&St
2072: .Ss \&Sx
2073: .Ss \&Sy
2074: .Ss \&Tn
2075: .Ss \&Ud
1.110 kristaps 2076: Prints out
2077: .Dq currently under development.
1.63 kristaps 2078: .Ss \&Ux
1.100 kristaps 2079: Format the UNIX name.
2080: Accepts no argument.
1.65 kristaps 2081: .Pp
2082: Examples:
1.91 kristaps 2083: .D1 \&.Ux
1.65 kristaps 2084: .Pp
2085: See also
2086: .Sx \&At ,
1.66 kristaps 2087: .Sx \&Bsx ,
1.65 kristaps 2088: .Sx \&Bx ,
1.66 kristaps 2089: .Sx \&Dx ,
1.65 kristaps 2090: .Sx \&Fx ,
2091: .Sx \&Nx ,
2092: and
2093: .Sx \&Ox .
1.63 kristaps 2094: .Ss \&Va
2095: .Ss \&Vt
1.100 kristaps 2096: A variable type.
1.122 kristaps 2097: This is also used for indicating global variables in the
2098: .Em SYNOPSIS
1.100 kristaps 2099: section, in which case a variable name is also specified.
2100: Note that it accepts
1.83 kristaps 2101: .Sx Block partial-implicit
1.123 kristaps 2102: syntax when invoked as the first macro in the
1.122 kristaps 2103: .Em SYNOPSIS
2104: section, else it accepts ordinary
1.83 kristaps 2105: .Sx In-line
2106: syntax.
2107: .Pp
2108: Note that this should not be confused with
2109: .Sx \&Ft ,
2110: which is used for function return types.
2111: .Pp
2112: Examples:
1.91 kristaps 2113: .D1 \&.Vt unsigned char
1.121 kristaps 2114: .D1 \&.Vt extern const char * const sys_signame[] \&;
1.83 kristaps 2115: .Pp
2116: See also
1.122 kristaps 2117: .Sx MANUAL STRUCTURE
1.83 kristaps 2118: and
2119: .Sx \&Va .
1.84 kristaps 2120: .Ss \&Xc
1.87 kristaps 2121: Close a scope opened by
2122: .Sx \&Xo .
1.84 kristaps 2123: .Ss \&Xo
1.100 kristaps 2124: Open an extension scope.
2125: This macro originally existed to extend the 9-argument limit of troff;
2126: since this limit has been lifted, the macro has been deprecated.
1.84 kristaps 2127: .Ss \&Xr
2128: Link to another manual
2129: .Pq Qq cross-reference .
1.120 kristaps 2130: Its syntax is as follows:
1.84 kristaps 2131: .Pp
1.120 kristaps 2132: .D1 Pf \. Sx \&Xr Cm name section
1.84 kristaps 2133: .Pp
2134: The
2135: .Cm name
2136: and
2137: .Cm section
1.100 kristaps 2138: are the name and section of the linked manual.
2139: If
1.84 kristaps 2140: .Cm section
2141: is followed by non-punctuation, an
2142: .Sx \&Ns
1.100 kristaps 2143: is inserted into the token stream.
2144: This behaviour is for compatibility with
1.84 kristaps 2145: .Xr groff 1 .
2146: .Pp
2147: Examples:
1.91 kristaps 2148: .D1 \&.Xr mandoc 1
1.121 kristaps 2149: .D1 \&.Xr mandoc 1 \&;
1.91 kristaps 2150: .D1 \&.Xr mandoc 1 \&Ns s behaviour
1.84 kristaps 2151: .Ss \&br
2152: .Ss \&sp
1.4 kristaps 2153: .Sh COMPATIBILITY
1.93 kristaps 2154: This section documents compatibility between mandoc and other other
2155: troff implementations, at this time limited to GNU troff
2156: .Pq Qq groff .
1.50 kristaps 2157: The term
1.57 kristaps 2158: .Qq historic groff
1.93 kristaps 2159: refers to groff versions before the
1.57 kristaps 2160: .Pa doc.tmac
1.50 kristaps 2161: file re-write
1.57 kristaps 2162: .Pq somewhere between 1.15 and 1.19 .
2163: .Pp
1.93 kristaps 2164: Heirloom troff, the other significant troff implementation accepting
2165: \-mdoc, is similar to historic groff.
2166: .Pp
1.57 kristaps 2167: .Bl -dash -compact
1.125 kristaps 2168: .It
1.126 ! kristaps 2169: Old groff fails to assert a newline before
! 2170: .Sx \&Bd Fl ragged compact .
1.119 kristaps 2171: .It
1.120 kristaps 2172: groff behaves inconsistently when encountering
2173: .Pf non- Sx \&Fa
2174: children of
2175: .Sx \&Fo
2176: regarding spacing between arguments.
2177: In mandoc, this is not the case: each argument is consistently followed
2178: by a single space and the trailing
2179: .Sq \&)
2180: suppresses prior spacing.
2181: .It
2182: groff behaves inconsistently when encountering
2183: .Sx \&Ft
2184: and
2185: .Sx \&Fn
2186: in the
2187: .Em SYNOPSIS :
1.124 kristaps 2188: at times newline(s) are suppressed depending on whether a prior
1.120 kristaps 2189: .Sx \&Fn
2190: has been invoked.
2191: In mandoc, this is not the case.
2192: See
2193: .Sx \&Ft
2194: and
2195: .Sx \&Fn
2196: for the normalised behaviour.
2197: .It
1.119 kristaps 2198: Historic groff does not break before an
2199: .Sx \&Fn
2200: when not invoked as the line macro in the
2201: .Em SYNOPSIS
2202: section.
1.118 kristaps 2203: .It
2204: Historic groff formats the
2205: .Sx \&In
2206: badly: trailing arguments are trashed and
2207: .Em SYNOPSIS
2208: is not specially treated.
1.115 kristaps 2209: .It
2210: groff does not accept the
2211: .Sq \&Ta
2212: pseudo-macro as a line macro.
2213: mandoc does.
1.57 kristaps 2214: .It
1.81 kristaps 2215: The comment syntax
2216: .Sq \e."
2217: is no longer accepted.
2218: .It
1.93 kristaps 2219: In groff, the
1.80 kristaps 2220: .Sx \&Pa
2221: macro does not format its arguments when used in the FILES section under
1.100 kristaps 2222: certain list types.
2223: mandoc does.
1.80 kristaps 2224: .It
1.93 kristaps 2225: Historic groff does not print a dash for empty
1.79 kristaps 2226: .Sx \&Fl
1.100 kristaps 2227: arguments.
2228: mandoc and newer groff implementations do.
1.79 kristaps 2229: .It
1.93 kristaps 2230: groff behaves irregularly when specifying
1.77 kristaps 2231: .Sq \ef
1.93 kristaps 2232: .Sx Text Decoration
1.100 kristaps 2233: within line-macro scopes.
2234: mandoc follows a consistent system.
1.77 kristaps 2235: .It
1.93 kristaps 2236: In mandoc, negative scaling units are truncated to zero; groff would
1.100 kristaps 2237: move to prior lines.
2238: Furthermore, the
1.61 kristaps 2239: .Sq f
2240: scaling unit, while accepted, is rendered as the default unit.
2241: .It
1.48 kristaps 2242: In quoted literals, groff allowed pair-wise double-quotes to produce a
1.100 kristaps 2243: standalone double-quote in formatted output.
2244: This idiosyncratic behaviour is not applicable in mandoc.
1.57 kristaps 2245: .It
1.126 ! kristaps 2246: Display offsets
1.78 kristaps 2247: .Sx \&Bd
1.126 ! kristaps 2248: .Fl offset Ar center
1.64 kristaps 2249: and
1.126 ! kristaps 2250: .Fl offset Ar right
! 2251: are disregarded in mandoc.
! 2252: Furthermore, the
1.64 kristaps 2253: .Fl file Ar file
1.126 ! kristaps 2254: argument is not supported in mandoc.
1.100 kristaps 2255: Lastly, since text is not right-justified in mandoc (or even groff),
1.64 kristaps 2256: .Fl ragged
2257: and
2258: .Fl filled
2259: are aliases, as are
2260: .Fl literal
2261: and
2262: .Fl unfilled .
1.57 kristaps 2263: .It
1.100 kristaps 2264: Historic groff has many un-callable macros.
2265: Most of these (excluding some block-level macros) are now callable.
1.57 kristaps 2266: .It
1.50 kristaps 2267: The vertical bar
1.57 kristaps 2268: .Sq \(ba
1.28 kristaps 2269: made historic groff
1.57 kristaps 2270: .Qq go orbital
1.93 kristaps 2271: but has been a proper delimiter since then.
1.57 kristaps 2272: .It
1.93 kristaps 2273: .Sx \&It Fl nested
1.28 kristaps 2274: is assumed for all lists (it wasn't in historic groff): any list may be
2275: nested and
1.64 kristaps 2276: .Fl enum
1.4 kristaps 2277: lists will restart the sequence only for the sub-list.
1.57 kristaps 2278: .It
1.4 kristaps 2279: Some manuals use
1.64 kristaps 2280: .Sx \&Li
1.4 kristaps 2281: incorrectly by following it with a reserved character and expecting the
1.100 kristaps 2282: delimiter to render.
2283: This is not supported in mandoc.
1.93 kristaps 2284: .It
2285: In groff, the
2286: .Sx \&Cd ,
2287: .Sx \&Er ,
1.106 kristaps 2288: .Sx \&Ex ,
1.93 kristaps 2289: and
1.106 kristaps 2290: .Sx \&Rv
1.100 kristaps 2291: macros were stipulated only to occur in certain manual sections.
2292: mandoc does not have these restrictions.
1.105 kristaps 2293: .It
2294: Newer groff and mandoc print
2295: .Qq AT&T UNIX
2296: prior to unknown arguments of
2297: .Sx \&At ;
2298: older groff did nothing.
1.57 kristaps 2299: .El
1.2 kristaps 2300: .Sh SEE ALSO
1.57 kristaps 2301: .Xr mandoc 1 ,
2302: .Xr mandoc_char 7
1.2 kristaps 2303: .Sh AUTHORS
2304: The
1.57 kristaps 2305: .Nm
1.50 kristaps 2306: reference was written by
1.94 kristaps 2307: .An Kristaps Dzonsons Aq kristaps@bsd.lv .
1.64 kristaps 2308: .\"
2309: .\" XXX: this really isn't the place for these caveats.
2310: .\" .
2311: .\" .
2312: .\" .Sh CAVEATS
2313: .\" There are many ambiguous parts of mdoc.
2314: .\" .
2315: .\" .Pp
2316: .\" .Bl -dash -compact
2317: .\" .It
2318: .\" .Sq \&Fa
2319: .\" should be
2320: .\" .Sq \&Va
2321: .\" as function arguments are variables.
2322: .\" .It
2323: .\" .Sq \&Ft
2324: .\" should be
2325: .\" .Sq \&Vt
2326: .\" as function return types are still types. Furthermore, the
2327: .\" .Sq \&Ft
2328: .\" should be removed and
2329: .\" .Sq \&Fo ,
2330: .\" which ostensibly follows it, should follow the same convention as
2331: .\" .Sq \&Va .
2332: .\" .It
2333: .\" .Sq \&Va
2334: .\" should formalise that only one or two arguments are acceptable: a
2335: .\" variable name and optional, preceding type.
2336: .\" .It
2337: .\" .Sq \&Fd
2338: .\" is ambiguous. It's commonly used to indicate an include file in the
2339: .\" synopsis section.
2340: .\" .Sq \&In
2341: .\" should be used, instead.
2342: .\" .It
2343: .\" Only the
2344: .\" .Sq \-literal
2345: .\" argument to
2346: .\" .Sq \&Bd
2347: .\" makes sense. The remaining ones should be removed.
2348: .\" .It
2349: .\" The
2350: .\" .Sq \&Xo
2351: .\" and
2352: .\" .Sq \&Xc
2353: .\" macros should be deprecated.
2354: .\" .It
2355: .\" The
2356: .\" .Sq \&Dt
2357: .\" macro lacks clarity. It should be absolutely clear which title will
2358: .\" render when formatting the manual page.
2359: .\" .It
2360: .\" A
2361: .\" .Sq \&Lx
2362: .\" should be provided for Linux (\(`a la
2363: .\" .Sq \&Ox ,
2364: .\" .Sq \&Nx
2365: .\" etc.).
2366: .\" .It
2367: .\" There's no way to refer to references in
2368: .\" .Sq \&Rs/Re
2369: .\" blocks.
2370: .\" .It
2371: .\" The \-split and \-nosplit dictates via
2372: .\" .Sq \&An
2373: .\" are re-set when entering and leaving the AUTHORS section.
2374: .\" .El
2375: .\" .
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