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Annotation of mandoc/mdoc.7, Revision 1.140

1.140   ! kristaps    1: .\"    $Id: mdoc.7,v 1.139 2010/07/19 15:43:10 kristaps Exp $
1.1       kristaps    2: .\"
1.130     schwarze    3: .\" Copyright (c) 2009, 2010 Kristaps Dzonsons <kristaps@bsd.lv>
                      4: .\" Copyright (c) 2010 Ingo Schwarze <schwarze@openbsd.org>
1.1       kristaps    5: .\"
                      6: .\" Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any
1.22      kristaps    7: .\" purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
                      8: .\" copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.
1.1       kristaps    9: .\"
1.22      kristaps   10: .\" THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES
                     11: .\" WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
                     12: .\" MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR
                     13: .\" ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES
                     14: .\" WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN
                     15: .\" ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF
                     16: .\" OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
1.50      kristaps   17: .\"
1.137     kristaps   18: .Dd $Mdocdate: July 19 2010 $
1.20      kristaps   19: .Dt MDOC 7
1.1       kristaps   20: .Os
                     21: .Sh NAME
1.57      kristaps   22: .Nm mdoc
                     23: .Nd mdoc language reference
1.1       kristaps   24: .Sh DESCRIPTION
                     25: The
1.57      kristaps   26: .Nm mdoc
1.50      kristaps   27: language is used to format
1.57      kristaps   28: .Bx
                     29: .Ux
1.138     kristaps   30: manuals.
                     31: In this reference document, we describe its syntax, structure, and
                     32: usage.
                     33: Our reference implementation is mandoc; the
1.57      kristaps   34: .Sx COMPATIBILITY
1.93      kristaps   35: section describes compatibility with other troff \-mdoc implementations.
1.57      kristaps   36: .Pp
1.13      kristaps   37: An
1.57      kristaps   38: .Nm
1.118     kristaps   39: document follows simple rules: lines beginning with the control
1.50      kristaps   40: character
1.57      kristaps   41: .Sq \.
1.138     kristaps   42: are parsed for macros.
                     43: Other lines are interpreted within the scope of
1.13      kristaps   44: prior macros:
1.57      kristaps   45: .Bd -literal -offset indent
1.13      kristaps   46: \&.Sh Macro lines change control state.
                     47: Other lines are interpreted within the current state.
1.57      kristaps   48: .Ed
1.46      kristaps   49: .Sh LANGUAGE SYNTAX
1.57      kristaps   50: .Nm
1.13      kristaps   51: documents may contain only graphable 7-bit ASCII characters, the space
1.138     kristaps   52: character, and, in certain circumstances, the tab character.
                     53: All manuals must have
1.57      kristaps   54: .Ux
1.50      kristaps   55: line terminators.
1.57      kristaps   56: .Ss Comments
1.43      kristaps   57: Text following a
1.135     kristaps   58: .Sq \e\*q ,
1.43      kristaps   59: whether in a macro or free-form text line, is ignored to the end of
1.138     kristaps   60: line.
                     61: A macro line with only a control character and comment escape,
1.135     kristaps   62: .Sq \&.\e\*q ,
1.138     kristaps   63: is also ignored.
                     64: Macro lines with only a control character and optionally whitespace are
                     65: stripped from input.
1.57      kristaps   66: .Ss Reserved Characters
1.2       kristaps   67: Within a macro line, the following characters are reserved:
1.61      kristaps   68: .Pp
1.57      kristaps   69: .Bl -tag -width Ds -offset indent -compact
                     70: .It \&.
                     71: .Pq period
                     72: .It \&,
                     73: .Pq comma
                     74: .It \&:
                     75: .Pq colon
                     76: .It \&;
                     77: .Pq semicolon
                     78: .It \&(
                     79: .Pq left-parenthesis
                     80: .It \&)
                     81: .Pq right-parenthesis
                     82: .It \&[
                     83: .Pq left-bracket
                     84: .It \&]
                     85: .Pq right-bracket
                     86: .It \&?
                     87: .Pq question
                     88: .It \&!
                     89: .Pq exclamation
                     90: .It \&|
                     91: .Pq vertical bar
                     92: .El
                     93: .Pp
1.5       kristaps   94: Use of reserved characters is described in
1.57      kristaps   95: .Sx MACRO SYNTAX .
1.43      kristaps   96: For general use in macro lines, these characters must either be escaped
                     97: with a non-breaking space
1.57      kristaps   98: .Pq Sq \e&
1.50      kristaps   99: or, if applicable, an appropriate escape sequence used.
1.57      kristaps  100: .Ss Special Characters
1.43      kristaps  101: Special characters may occur in both macro and free-form lines.
                    102: Sequences begin with the escape character
1.57      kristaps  103: .Sq \e
1.50      kristaps  104: followed by either an open-parenthesis
1.57      kristaps  105: .Sq \&(
1.1       kristaps  106: for two-character sequences; an open-bracket
1.57      kristaps  107: .Sq \&[
1.1       kristaps  108: for n-character sequences (terminated at a close-bracket
1.57      kristaps  109: .Sq \&] ) ;
1.100     kristaps  110: or a single one-character sequence.
                    111: See
1.57      kristaps  112: .Xr mandoc_char 7
1.100     kristaps  113: for a complete list.
                    114: Examples include
1.57      kristaps  115: .Sq \e(em
                    116: .Pq em-dash
1.50      kristaps  117: and
1.57      kristaps  118: .Sq \ee
                    119: .Pq back-slash .
                    120: .Ss Text Decoration
1.54      kristaps  121: Terms may be text-decorated using the
1.57      kristaps  122: .Sq \ef
1.74      kristaps  123: escape followed by an indicator: B (bold), I, (italic), R (Roman), or P
1.82      kristaps  124: (revert to previous mode):
1.75      kristaps  125: .Pp
1.76      kristaps  126: .D1 \efBbold\efR \efIitalic\efP
                    127: .Pp
                    128: A numerical representation 3, 2, or 1 (bold, italic, and Roman,
1.100     kristaps  129: respectively) may be used instead.
                    130: A text decoration is valid within
1.118     kristaps  131: the current font scope only: if a macro opens a font scope alongside
1.77      kristaps  132: its own scope, such as
1.78      kristaps  133: .Sx \&Bf
1.77      kristaps  134: .Cm \&Sy ,
                    135: in-scope invocations of
                    136: .Sq \ef
1.100     kristaps  137: are only valid within the font scope of the macro.
                    138: If
1.77      kristaps  139: .Sq \ef
                    140: is specified outside of any font scope, such as in unenclosed, free-form
                    141: text, it will affect the remainder of the document.
1.76      kristaps  142: .Pp
1.136     kristaps  143: Note this form is
1.76      kristaps  144: .Em not
1.82      kristaps  145: recommended for
1.57      kristaps  146: .Nm ,
1.74      kristaps  147: which encourages semantic annotation.
1.57      kristaps  148: .Ss Predefined Strings
1.82      kristaps  149: Historically,
1.57      kristaps  150: .Xr groff 1
1.82      kristaps  151: also defined a set of package-specific
1.57      kristaps  152: .Dq predefined strings ,
1.82      kristaps  153: which, like
1.57      kristaps  154: .Sx Special Characters ,
1.124     kristaps  155: mark special output characters and strings by way of input codes.
1.54      kristaps  156: Predefined strings are escaped with the slash-asterisk,
1.57      kristaps  157: .Sq \e* :
1.54      kristaps  158: single-character
1.57      kristaps  159: .Sq \e*X ,
1.54      kristaps  160: two-character
1.57      kristaps  161: .Sq \e*(XX ,
1.54      kristaps  162: and N-character
1.57      kristaps  163: .Sq \e*[N] .
1.54      kristaps  164: See
1.57      kristaps  165: .Xr mandoc_char 7
1.100     kristaps  166: for a complete list.
                    167: Examples include
1.57      kristaps  168: .Sq \e*(Am
                    169: .Pq ampersand
1.54      kristaps  170: and
1.57      kristaps  171: .Sq \e*(Ba
                    172: .Pq vertical bar .
                    173: .Ss Whitespace
1.98      kristaps  174: Whitespace consists of the space character.
1.96      kristaps  175: In free-form lines, whitespace is preserved within a line; un-escaped
                    176: trailing spaces are stripped from input (unless in a literal context).
1.97      kristaps  177: Blank free-form lines, which may include whitespace, are only permitted
1.96      kristaps  178: within literal contexts.
1.57      kristaps  179: .Pp
1.100     kristaps  180: In macro lines, whitespace delimits arguments and is discarded.
                    181: If arguments are quoted, whitespace within the quotes is retained.
1.57      kristaps  182: .Ss Quotation
1.46      kristaps  183: Macro arguments may be quoted with a double-quote to group
1.100     kristaps  184: space-delimited terms or to retain blocks of whitespace.
                    185: A quoted argument begins with a double-quote preceded by whitespace.
                    186: The next double-quote not pair-wise adjacent to another double-quote
                    187: terminates the literal, regardless of surrounding whitespace.
1.57      kristaps  188: .Pp
1.50      kristaps  189: This produces tokens
1.57      kristaps  190: .Sq a" ,
                    191: .Sq b c ,
                    192: .Sq de ,
1.47      kristaps  193: and
1.57      kristaps  194: .Sq fg" .
1.47      kristaps  195: Note that any quoted term, be it argument or macro, is indiscriminately
1.100     kristaps  196: considered literal text.
                    197: Thus, the following produces
1.57      kristaps  198: .Sq \&Em a :
                    199: .Bd -literal -offset indent
1.47      kristaps  200: \&.Em "Em a"
1.57      kristaps  201: .Ed
                    202: .Pp
1.46      kristaps  203: In free-form mode, quotes are regarded as opaque text.
1.63      kristaps  204: .Ss Dates
1.66      kristaps  205: There are several macros in
                    206: .Nm
1.100     kristaps  207: that require a date argument.
                    208: The canonical form for dates is the American format:
1.66      kristaps  209: .Pp
                    210: .D1 Cm Month Day , Year
                    211: .Pp
                    212: The
                    213: .Cm Day
1.100     kristaps  214: value is an optionally zero-padded numeral.
                    215: The
1.66      kristaps  216: .Cm Month
1.100     kristaps  217: value is the full month name.
                    218: The
1.66      kristaps  219: .Cm Year
                    220: value is the full four-digit year.
                    221: .Pp
1.72      kristaps  222: Reduced form dates are broken-down canonical form dates:
1.66      kristaps  223: .Pp
1.72      kristaps  224: .D1 Cm Month , Year
                    225: .D1 Cm Year
1.66      kristaps  226: .Pp
                    227: Some examples of valid dates follow:
                    228: .Pp
                    229: .D1 "May, 2009" Pq reduced form
                    230: .D1 "2009" Pq reduced form
                    231: .D1 "May 20, 2009" Pq canonical form
1.61      kristaps  232: .Ss Scaling Widths
                    233: Many macros support scaled widths for their arguments, such as
                    234: stipulating a two-inch list indentation with the following:
                    235: .Bd -literal -offset indent
                    236: \&.Bl -tag -width 2i
                    237: .Ed
                    238: .Pp
                    239: The syntax for scaled widths is
1.62      kristaps  240: .Sq Li [+-]?[0-9]*.[0-9]*[:unit:] ,
1.61      kristaps  241: where a decimal must be preceded or proceeded by at least one digit.
1.100     kristaps  242: Negative numbers, while accepted, are truncated to zero.
                    243: The following scaling units are accepted:
1.61      kristaps  244: .Pp
                    245: .Bl -tag -width Ds -offset indent -compact
                    246: .It c
                    247: centimetre
                    248: .It i
                    249: inch
                    250: .It P
                    251: pica (~1/6 inch)
                    252: .It p
                    253: point (~1/72 inch)
                    254: .It f
                    255: synonym for
                    256: .Sq u
                    257: .It v
                    258: default vertical span
                    259: .It m
                    260: width of rendered
                    261: .Sq m
                    262: .Pq em
                    263: character
                    264: .It n
                    265: width of rendered
                    266: .Sq n
                    267: .Pq en
                    268: character
                    269: .It u
                    270: default horizontal span
                    271: .It M
                    272: mini-em (~1/100 em)
                    273: .El
                    274: .Pp
                    275: Using anything other than
                    276: .Sq m ,
                    277: .Sq n ,
                    278: .Sq u ,
                    279: or
                    280: .Sq v
1.100     kristaps  281: is necessarily non-portable across output media.
                    282: See
1.61      kristaps  283: .Sx COMPATIBILITY .
1.101     kristaps  284: .Ss Sentence Spacing
                    285: When composing a manual, make sure that your sentences end at the end of
                    286: a line.
                    287: By doing so, front-ends will be able to apply the proper amount of
                    288: spacing after the end of sentence (unescaped) period, exclamation mark,
1.107     kristaps  289: or question mark followed by zero or more non-sentence closing
                    290: delimiters (
                    291: .Ns Sq \&) ,
                    292: .Sq \&] ,
                    293: .Sq \&' ,
                    294: .Sq \&" ) .
1.102     kristaps  295: .Pp
                    296: The proper spacing is also intelligently preserved if a sentence ends at
1.107     kristaps  297: the boundary of a macro line, e.g.,
                    298: .Pp
                    299: .D1 \&Xr mandoc 1 \.
                    300: .D1 \&Fl T \&Ns \&Cm ascii \.
1.43      kristaps  301: .Sh MANUAL STRUCTURE
1.66      kristaps  302: A well-formed
1.57      kristaps  303: .Nm
1.66      kristaps  304: document consists of a document prologue followed by one or more
                    305: sections.
                    306: .Pp
                    307: The prologue, which consists of (in order) the
1.64      kristaps  308: .Sx \&Dd ,
                    309: .Sx \&Dt ,
1.33      kristaps  310: and
1.66      kristaps  311: .Sx \&Os
                    312: macros, is required for every document.
                    313: .Pp
1.82      kristaps  314: The first section (sections are denoted by
1.66      kristaps  315: .Sx \&Sh )
                    316: must be the NAME section, consisting of at least one
1.64      kristaps  317: .Sx \&Nm
1.50      kristaps  318: followed by
1.66      kristaps  319: .Sx \&Nd .
                    320: .Pp
1.122     kristaps  321: Following that, convention dictates specifying at least the
                    322: .Em SYNOPSIS
                    323: and
                    324: .Em DESCRIPTION
                    325: sections, although this varies between manual sections.
1.66      kristaps  326: .Pp
                    327: The following is a well-formed skeleton
                    328: .Nm
                    329: file:
1.57      kristaps  330: .Bd -literal -offset indent
1.43      kristaps  331: \&.Dd $\&Mdocdate$
                    332: \&.Dt mdoc 7
                    333: \&.Os
                    334: \&.Sh NAME
1.58      kristaps  335: \&.Nm foo
                    336: \&.Nd a description goes here
1.108     kristaps  337: \&.\e\*q The next is for sections 2, 3, & 9 only.
1.58      kristaps  338: \&.\e\*q .Sh LIBRARY
                    339: \&.Sh SYNOPSIS
                    340: \&.Nm foo
                    341: \&.Op Fl options
                    342: \&.Ar
                    343: \&.Sh DESCRIPTION
                    344: The
                    345: \&.Nm
                    346: utility processes files ...
1.59      kristaps  347: \&.\e\*q .Sh IMPLEMENTATION NOTES
1.58      kristaps  348: \&.\e\*q The next is for sections 2, 3, & 9 only.
                    349: \&.\e\*q .Sh RETURN VALUES
                    350: \&.\e\*q The next is for sections 1, 6, 7, & 8 only.
                    351: \&.\e\*q .Sh ENVIRONMENT
                    352: \&.\e\*q .Sh FILES
1.99      kristaps  353: \&.\e\*q The next is for sections 1 & 8 only.
                    354: \&.\e\*q .Sh EXIT STATUS
1.58      kristaps  355: \&.\e\*q .Sh EXAMPLES
                    356: \&.\e\*q The next is for sections 1, 4, 6, 7, & 8 only.
                    357: \&.\e\*q .Sh DIAGNOSTICS
                    358: \&.\e\*q The next is for sections 2, 3, & 9 only.
                    359: \&.\e\*q .Sh ERRORS
                    360: \&.\e\*q .Sh SEE ALSO
                    361: \&.\e\*q .Xr foobar 1
                    362: \&.\e\*q .Sh STANDARDS
                    363: \&.\e\*q .Sh HISTORY
                    364: \&.\e\*q .Sh AUTHORS
                    365: \&.\e\*q .Sh CAVEATS
                    366: \&.\e\*q .Sh BUGS
                    367: \&.\e\*q .Sh SECURITY CONSIDERATIONS
1.57      kristaps  368: .Ed
                    369: .Pp
1.66      kristaps  370: The sections in a
                    371: .Nm
1.100     kristaps  372: document are conventionally ordered as they appear above.
                    373: Sections should be composed as follows:
1.73      kristaps  374: .Bl -ohang -offset Ds
                    375: .It Em NAME
1.100     kristaps  376: The name(s) and a short description of the documented material.
                    377: The syntax for this as follows:
1.73      kristaps  378: .Bd -literal -offset indent
                    379: \&.Nm name0
                    380: \&.Nm name1
                    381: \&.Nm name2
                    382: \&.Nd a short description
                    383: .Ed
                    384: .Pp
                    385: The
1.66      kristaps  386: .Sx \&Nm
1.73      kristaps  387: macro(s) must precede the
                    388: .Sx \&Nd
                    389: macro.
1.80      kristaps  390: .Pp
1.82      kristaps  391: See
1.80      kristaps  392: .Sx \&Nm
                    393: and
                    394: .Sx \&Nd .
1.73      kristaps  395: .It Em LIBRARY
                    396: The name of the library containing the documented material, which is
1.108     kristaps  397: assumed to be a function in a section 2, 3, or 9 manual.
1.100     kristaps  398: The syntax for this is as follows:
1.73      kristaps  399: .Bd -literal -offset indent
                    400: \&.Lb libarm
                    401: .Ed
                    402: .Pp
                    403: See
1.80      kristaps  404: .Sx \&Lb .
1.73      kristaps  405: .It Em SYNOPSIS
                    406: Documents the utility invocation syntax, function call syntax, or device
1.82      kristaps  407: configuration.
1.73      kristaps  408: .Pp
                    409: For the first, utilities (sections 1, 6, and 8), this is
                    410: generally structured as follows:
                    411: .Bd -literal -offset indent
                    412: \&.Nm foo
                    413: \&.Op Fl v
                    414: \&.Op Fl o Ar file
                    415: \&.Op Ar
                    416: \&.Nm bar
                    417: \&.Op Fl v
                    418: \&.Op Fl o Ar file
                    419: \&.Op Ar
                    420: .Ed
                    421: .Pp
                    422: For the second, function calls (sections 2, 3, 9):
                    423: .Bd -literal -offset indent
                    424: \&.Vt extern const char *global;
                    425: \&.In header.h
                    426: \&.Ft "char *"
                    427: \&.Fn foo "const char *src"
                    428: \&.Ft "char *"
                    429: \&.Fn bar "const char *src"
                    430: .Ed
                    431: .Pp
                    432: And for the third, configurations (section 4):
                    433: .Bd -literal -offset indent
                    434: \&.Cd \*qit* at isa? port 0x2e\*q
                    435: \&.Cd \*qit* at isa? port 0x4e\*q
                    436: .Ed
                    437: .Pp
1.82      kristaps  438: Manuals not in these sections generally don't need a
1.73      kristaps  439: .Em SYNOPSIS .
1.80      kristaps  440: .Pp
1.122     kristaps  441: Some macros are displayed differently in the
                    442: .Em SYNOPSIS
                    443: section, particularly
                    444: .Sx \&Nm ,
1.80      kristaps  445: .Sx \&Cd ,
1.122     kristaps  446: .Sx \&Fd ,
                    447: .Sx \&Fn ,
                    448: .Sx \&Fo ,
                    449: .Sx \&In ,
                    450: .Sx \&Vt ,
                    451: and
                    452: .Sx \&Ft .
1.138     kristaps  453: All of these macros are output on their own line.
                    454: If two such dissimilar macros are pair-wise invoked (except for
1.122     kristaps  455: .Sx \&Ft
                    456: before
                    457: .Sx \&Fo
                    458: or
1.123     kristaps  459: .Sx \&Fn ) ,
1.122     kristaps  460: they are separated by a vertical space, unless in the case of
                    461: .Sx \&Fo ,
1.80      kristaps  462: .Sx \&Fn ,
1.122     kristaps  463: and
1.80      kristaps  464: .Sx \&Ft ,
1.122     kristaps  465: which are always separated by vertical space.
1.128     schwarze  466: .Pp
                    467: When text and macros following an
                    468: .Sx \&Nm
                    469: macro starting an input line span multiple output lines,
                    470: all output lines but the first will be indented to align
                    471: with the text immediately following the
                    472: .Sx \&Nm
                    473: macro, up to the next
                    474: .Sx \&Nm ,
                    475: .Sx \&Sx ,
                    476: or
                    477: .Sx \&Ss
                    478: macro or the end of an enclosing block, whichever comes first.
1.73      kristaps  479: .It Em DESCRIPTION
1.82      kristaps  480: This expands upon the brief, one-line description in
1.73      kristaps  481: .Em NAME .
                    482: It usually contains a break-down of the options (if documenting a
                    483: command), such as:
                    484: .Bd -literal -offset indent
                    485: The arguments are as follows:
                    486: \&.Bl \-tag \-width Ds
                    487: \&.It Fl v
                    488: Print verbose information.
                    489: \&.El
                    490: .Ed
1.80      kristaps  491: .Pp
1.73      kristaps  492: Manuals not documenting a command won't include the above fragment.
                    493: .It Em IMPLEMENTATION NOTES
1.100     kristaps  494: Implementation-specific notes should be kept here.
                    495: This is useful when implementing standard functions that may have side
                    496: effects or notable algorithmic implications.
1.73      kristaps  497: .It Em RETURN VALUES
                    498: This section is the dual of
                    499: .Em EXIT STATUS ,
1.100     kristaps  500: which is used for commands.
                    501: It documents the return values of functions in sections 2, 3, and 9.
1.73      kristaps  502: .Pp
                    503: See
                    504: .Sx \&Rv .
                    505: .It Em ENVIRONMENT
                    506: Documents any usages of environment variables, e.g.,
                    507: .Xr environ 7 .
                    508: .Pp
                    509: See
                    510: .Sx \&Ev .
                    511: .It Em FILES
1.100     kristaps  512: Documents files used.
                    513: It's helpful to document both the file and a short description of how
                    514: the file is used (created, modified, etc.).
1.73      kristaps  515: .Pp
                    516: See
                    517: .Sx \&Pa .
1.99      kristaps  518: .It Em EXIT STATUS
1.100     kristaps  519: Command exit status for section 1, 6, and 8 manuals.
                    520: This section is the dual of
1.99      kristaps  521: .Em RETURN VALUES ,
1.100     kristaps  522: which is used for functions.
                    523: Historically, this information was described in
1.99      kristaps  524: .Em DIAGNOSTICS ,
                    525: a practise that is now discouraged.
                    526: .Pp
                    527: See
                    528: .Sx \&Ex .
1.73      kristaps  529: .It Em EXAMPLES
1.100     kristaps  530: Example usages.
                    531: This often contains snippets of well-formed, well-tested invocations.
                    532: Make doubly sure that your examples work properly!
1.73      kristaps  533: .It Em DIAGNOSTICS
1.100     kristaps  534: Documents error conditions.
                    535: This is most useful in section 4 manuals.
1.73      kristaps  536: Historically, this section was used in place of
                    537: .Em EXIT STATUS
                    538: for manuals in sections 1, 6, and 8; however, this practise is
                    539: discouraged.
                    540: .Pp
                    541: See
1.80      kristaps  542: .Sx \&Bl
                    543: .Fl diag .
1.73      kristaps  544: .It Em ERRORS
                    545: Documents error handling in sections 2, 3, and 9.
                    546: .Pp
                    547: See
                    548: .Sx \&Er .
                    549: .It Em SEE ALSO
1.100     kristaps  550: References other manuals with related topics.
                    551: This section should exist for most manuals.
                    552: Cross-references should conventionally be ordered first by section, then
                    553: alphabetically.
1.73      kristaps  554: .Pp
                    555: See
                    556: .Sx \&Xr .
                    557: .It Em STANDARDS
1.100     kristaps  558: References any standards implemented or used.
                    559: If not adhering to any standards, the
1.73      kristaps  560: .Em HISTORY
                    561: section should be used instead.
                    562: .Pp
                    563: See
                    564: .Sx \&St .
                    565: .It Em HISTORY
                    566: The history of any manual without a
                    567: .Em STANDARDS
                    568: section should be described in this section.
                    569: .It Em AUTHORS
                    570: Credits to authors, if applicable, should appear in this section.
                    571: Authors should generally be noted by both name and an e-mail address.
                    572: .Pp
                    573: See
                    574: .Sx \&An .
                    575: .It Em CAVEATS
                    576: Explanations of common misuses and misunderstandings should be explained
                    577: in this section.
                    578: .It Em BUGS
                    579: Extant bugs should be described in this section.
                    580: .It Em SECURITY CONSIDERATIONS
                    581: Documents any security precautions that operators should consider.
1.66      kristaps  582: .El
1.43      kristaps  583: .Sh MACRO SYNTAX
1.56      kristaps  584: Macros are one to three three characters in length and begin with a
                    585: control character ,
1.57      kristaps  586: .Sq \&. ,
1.100     kristaps  587: at the beginning of the line.
                    588: An arbitrary amount of whitespace may sit between the control character
                    589: and the macro name.
                    590: Thus, the following are equivalent:
1.64      kristaps  591: .Bd -literal -offset indent
                    592: \&.Pp
                    593: \&.\ \ \ \&Pp
                    594: .Ed
1.57      kristaps  595: .Pp
1.100     kristaps  596: The syntax of a macro depends on its classification.
                    597: In this section,
1.57      kristaps  598: .Sq \-arg
1.43      kristaps  599: refers to macro arguments, which may be followed by zero or more
1.57      kristaps  600: .Sq parm
1.43      kristaps  601: parameters;
1.57      kristaps  602: .Sq \&Yo
1.43      kristaps  603: opens the scope of a macro; and if specified,
1.57      kristaps  604: .Sq \&Yc
1.43      kristaps  605: closes it out.
1.57      kristaps  606: .Pp
1.43      kristaps  607: The
1.57      kristaps  608: .Em Callable
1.43      kristaps  609: column indicates that the macro may be called subsequent to the initial
1.100     kristaps  610: line-macro.
                    611: If a macro is not callable, then its invocation after the initial line
                    612: macro is interpreted as opaque text, such that
1.60      kristaps  613: .Sq \&.Fl \&Sh
1.55      kristaps  614: produces
1.60      kristaps  615: .Sq Fl \&Sh .
1.57      kristaps  616: .Pp
1.55      kristaps  617: The
1.57      kristaps  618: .Em Parsable
1.43      kristaps  619: column indicates whether the macro may be followed by further
1.100     kristaps  620: (ostensibly callable) macros.
                    621: If a macro is not parsable, subsequent macro invocations on the line
                    622: will be interpreted as opaque text.
1.57      kristaps  623: .Pp
1.55      kristaps  624: The
1.57      kristaps  625: .Em Scope
1.43      kristaps  626: column, if applicable, describes closure rules.
1.57      kristaps  627: .Ss Block full-explicit
1.100     kristaps  628: Multi-line scope closed by an explicit closing macro.
                    629: All macros contains bodies; only
1.64      kristaps  630: .Sx \&Bf
1.43      kristaps  631: contains a head.
1.57      kristaps  632: .Bd -literal -offset indent
1.50      kristaps  633: \&.Yo \(lB\-arg \(lBparm...\(rB\(rB \(lBhead...\(rB
                    634: \(lBbody...\(rB
1.43      kristaps  635: \&.Yc
1.57      kristaps  636: .Ed
                    637: .Pp
                    638: .Bl -column -compact -offset indent "MacroX" "CallableX" "ParsableX" "closed by XXX"
                    639: .It Em Macro Ta Em Callable Ta Em Parsable Ta Em Scope
1.64      kristaps  640: .It Sx \&Bd  Ta    \&No     Ta    \&No     Ta    closed by Sx \&Ed
                    641: .It Sx \&Bf  Ta    \&No     Ta    \&No     Ta    closed by Sx \&Ef
                    642: .It Sx \&Bk  Ta    \&No     Ta    \&No     Ta    closed by Sx \&Ek
                    643: .It Sx \&Bl  Ta    \&No     Ta    \&No     Ta    closed by Sx \&El
                    644: .It Sx \&Ed  Ta    \&No     Ta    \&No     Ta    opened by Sx \&Bd
                    645: .It Sx \&Ef  Ta    \&No     Ta    \&No     Ta    opened by Sx \&Bf
                    646: .It Sx \&Ek  Ta    \&No     Ta    \&No     Ta    opened by Sx \&Bk
                    647: .It Sx \&El  Ta    \&No     Ta    \&No     Ta    opened by Sx \&Bl
1.57      kristaps  648: .El
                    649: .Ss Block full-implicit
1.43      kristaps  650: Multi-line scope closed by end-of-file or implicitly by another macro.
1.50      kristaps  651: All macros have bodies; some
1.57      kristaps  652: .Po
1.64      kristaps  653: .Sx \&It Fl bullet ,
                    654: .Fl hyphen ,
                    655: .Fl dash ,
                    656: .Fl enum ,
                    657: .Fl item
1.57      kristaps  658: .Pc
1.64      kristaps  659: don't have heads; only one
                    660: .Po
                    661: .Sx \&It Fl column
1.82      kristaps  662: .Pc
1.64      kristaps  663: has multiple heads.
1.57      kristaps  664: .Bd -literal -offset indent
1.50      kristaps  665: \&.Yo \(lB\-arg \(lBparm...\(rB\(rB \(lBhead... \(lBTa head...\(rB\(rB
                    666: \(lBbody...\(rB
1.57      kristaps  667: .Ed
                    668: .Pp
                    669: .Bl -column -compact -offset indent "MacroX" "CallableX" "ParsableX" "closed by XXXXXXXXXXX"
                    670: .It Em Macro Ta Em Callable Ta Em Parsable Ta Em Scope
1.64      kristaps  671: .It Sx \&It  Ta    \&No     Ta    Yes      Ta    closed by Sx \&It , Sx \&El
                    672: .It Sx \&Nd  Ta    \&No     Ta    \&No     Ta    closed by Sx \&Sh
1.128     schwarze  673: .It Sx \&Nm  Ta    \&No     Ta  Yes Ta closed by Sx \&Nm , Sx \&Sh , Sx \&Ss
1.64      kristaps  674: .It Sx \&Sh  Ta    \&No     Ta    \&No     Ta    closed by Sx \&Sh
                    675: .It Sx \&Ss  Ta    \&No     Ta    \&No     Ta    closed by Sx \&Sh , Sx \&Ss
1.57      kristaps  676: .El
1.128     schwarze  677: .Pp
                    678: Note that the
                    679: .Sx \&Nm
                    680: macro is a
                    681: .Sx Block full-implicit
                    682: macro only when invoked as the first macro
                    683: in a
                    684: .Em SYNOPSIS
                    685: section line, else it is
                    686: .Sx In-line .
1.57      kristaps  687: .Ss Block partial-explicit
1.100     kristaps  688: Like block full-explicit, but also with single-line scope.
                    689: Each has at least a body and, in limited circumstances, a head
1.64      kristaps  690: .Po
                    691: .Sx \&Fo ,
                    692: .Sx \&Eo
                    693: .Pc
1.50      kristaps  694: and/or tail
1.64      kristaps  695: .Pq Sx \&Ec .
1.57      kristaps  696: .Bd -literal -offset indent
1.50      kristaps  697: \&.Yo \(lB\-arg \(lBparm...\(rB\(rB \(lBhead...\(rB
                    698: \(lBbody...\(rB
                    699: \&.Yc \(lBtail...\(rB
1.2       kristaps  700:
1.43      kristaps  701: \&.Yo \(lB\-arg \(lBparm...\(rB\(rB \(lBhead...\(rB \
1.50      kristaps  702: \(lBbody...\(rB \&Yc \(lBtail...\(rB
1.57      kristaps  703: .Ed
                    704: .Pp
                    705: .Bl -column "MacroX" "CallableX" "ParsableX" "closed by XXXX" -compact -offset indent
                    706: .It Em Macro Ta Em Callable Ta Em Parsable Ta Em Scope
1.64      kristaps  707: .It Sx \&Ac  Ta    Yes      Ta    Yes      Ta    opened by Sx \&Ao
1.63      kristaps  708: .It Sx \&Ao  Ta    Yes      Ta    Yes      Ta    closed by Sx \&Ac
1.64      kristaps  709: .It Sx \&Bc  Ta    Yes      Ta    Yes      Ta    closed by Sx \&Bo
                    710: .It Sx \&Bo  Ta    Yes      Ta    Yes      Ta    opened by Sx \&Bc
                    711: .It Sx \&Brc Ta    Yes      Ta    Yes      Ta    opened by Sx \&Bro
                    712: .It Sx \&Bro Ta    Yes      Ta    Yes      Ta    closed by Sx \&Brc
                    713: .It Sx \&Dc  Ta    Yes      Ta    Yes      Ta    opened by Sx \&Do
                    714: .It Sx \&Do  Ta    Yes      Ta    Yes      Ta    closed by Sx \&Dc
                    715: .It Sx \&Ec  Ta    Yes      Ta    Yes      Ta    opened by Sx \&Eo
                    716: .It Sx \&Eo  Ta    Yes      Ta    Yes      Ta    closed by Sx \&Ec
                    717: .It Sx \&Fc  Ta    Yes      Ta    Yes      Ta    opened by Sx \&Fo
                    718: .It Sx \&Fo  Ta    \&No     Ta    \&No     Ta    closed by Sx \&Fc
                    719: .It Sx \&Oc  Ta    Yes      Ta    Yes      Ta    closed by Sx \&Oo
                    720: .It Sx \&Oo  Ta    Yes      Ta    Yes      Ta    opened by Sx \&Oc
                    721: .It Sx \&Pc  Ta    Yes      Ta    Yes      Ta    closed by Sx \&Po
                    722: .It Sx \&Po  Ta    Yes      Ta    Yes      Ta    opened by Sx \&Pc
                    723: .It Sx \&Qc  Ta    Yes      Ta    Yes      Ta    opened by Sx \&Oo
                    724: .It Sx \&Qo  Ta    Yes      Ta    Yes      Ta    closed by Sx \&Oc
1.63      kristaps  725: .It Sx \&Re  Ta    \&No     Ta    \&No     Ta    opened by Sx \&Rs
                    726: .It Sx \&Rs  Ta    \&No     Ta    \&No     Ta    closed by Sx \&Re
1.64      kristaps  727: .It Sx \&Sc  Ta    Yes      Ta    Yes      Ta    opened by Sx \&So
                    728: .It Sx \&So  Ta    Yes      Ta    Yes      Ta    closed by Sx \&Sc
                    729: .It Sx \&Xc  Ta    Yes      Ta    Yes      Ta    opened by Sx \&Xo
                    730: .It Sx \&Xo  Ta    Yes      Ta    Yes      Ta    closed by Sx \&Xc
1.57      kristaps  731: .El
                    732: .Ss Block partial-implicit
1.50      kristaps  733: Like block full-implicit, but with single-line scope closed by
1.57      kristaps  734: .Sx Reserved Characters
1.43      kristaps  735: or end of line.
1.57      kristaps  736: .Bd -literal -offset indent
1.43      kristaps  737: \&.Yo \(lB\-arg \(lBval...\(rB\(rB \(lBbody...\(rB \(lBres...\(rB
1.57      kristaps  738: .Ed
                    739: .Pp
                    740: .Bl -column "MacroX" "CallableX" "ParsableX" -compact -offset indent
                    741: .It Em Macro Ta Em Callable Ta Em Parsable
1.64      kristaps  742: .It Sx \&Aq  Ta    Yes      Ta    Yes
                    743: .It Sx \&Bq  Ta    Yes      Ta    Yes
                    744: .It Sx \&Brq Ta    Yes      Ta    Yes
                    745: .It Sx \&D1  Ta    \&No     Ta    \&Yes
                    746: .It Sx \&Dl  Ta    \&No     Ta    Yes
                    747: .It Sx \&Dq  Ta    Yes      Ta    Yes
                    748: .It Sx \&Op  Ta    Yes      Ta    Yes
                    749: .It Sx \&Pq  Ta    Yes      Ta    Yes
                    750: .It Sx \&Ql  Ta    Yes      Ta    Yes
                    751: .It Sx \&Qq  Ta    Yes      Ta    Yes
                    752: .It Sx \&Sq  Ta    Yes      Ta    Yes
1.83      kristaps  753: .It Sx \&Vt  Ta    Yes      Ta    Yes
1.57      kristaps  754: .El
1.83      kristaps  755: .Pp
                    756: Note that the
                    757: .Sx \&Vt
                    758: macro is a
                    759: .Sx Block partial-implicit
                    760: only when invoked as the first macro
1.109     kristaps  761: in a
                    762: .Em SYNOPSIS
                    763: section line, else it is
1.83      kristaps  764: .Sx In-line .
1.57      kristaps  765: .Ss In-line
1.50      kristaps  766: Closed by
1.57      kristaps  767: .Sx Reserved Characters ,
1.100     kristaps  768: end of line, fixed argument lengths, and/or subsequent macros.
                    769: In-line macros have only text children.
                    770: If a number (or inequality) of arguments is
1.57      kristaps  771: .Pq n ,
1.3       kristaps  772: then the macro accepts an arbitrary number of arguments.
1.57      kristaps  773: .Bd -literal -offset indent
1.43      kristaps  774: \&.Yo \(lB\-arg \(lBval...\(rB\(rB \(lBargs...\(rB \(lbres...\(rb
                    775:
                    776: \&.Yo \(lB\-arg \(lBval...\(rB\(rB \(lBargs...\(rB Yc...
                    777:
                    778: \&.Yo \(lB\-arg \(lBval...\(rB\(rB arg0 arg1 argN
1.57      kristaps  779: .Ed
                    780: .Pp
                    781: .Bl -column "MacroX" "CallableX" "ParsableX" "Arguments" -compact -offset indent
                    782: .It Em Macro Ta Em Callable Ta Em Parsable Ta Em Arguments
1.63      kristaps  783: .It Sx \&%A  Ta    \&No     Ta    \&No     Ta    >0
                    784: .It Sx \&%B  Ta    \&No     Ta    \&No     Ta    >0
                    785: .It Sx \&%C  Ta    \&No     Ta    \&No     Ta    >0
                    786: .It Sx \&%D  Ta    \&No     Ta    \&No     Ta    >0
                    787: .It Sx \&%I  Ta    \&No     Ta    \&No     Ta    >0
                    788: .It Sx \&%J  Ta    \&No     Ta    \&No     Ta    >0
                    789: .It Sx \&%N  Ta    \&No     Ta    \&No     Ta    >0
                    790: .It Sx \&%O  Ta    \&No     Ta    \&No     Ta    >0
                    791: .It Sx \&%P  Ta    \&No     Ta    \&No     Ta    >0
1.69      kristaps  792: .It Sx \&%Q  Ta    \&No     Ta    \&No     Ta    >0
1.63      kristaps  793: .It Sx \&%R  Ta    \&No     Ta    \&No     Ta    >0
                    794: .It Sx \&%T  Ta    \&No     Ta    \&No     Ta    >0
1.69      kristaps  795: .It Sx \&%U  Ta    \&No     Ta    \&No     Ta    >0
1.63      kristaps  796: .It Sx \&%V  Ta    \&No     Ta    \&No     Ta    >0
1.64      kristaps  797: .It Sx \&Ad  Ta    Yes      Ta    Yes      Ta    n
                    798: .It Sx \&An  Ta    Yes      Ta    Yes      Ta    n
                    799: .It Sx \&Ap  Ta    Yes      Ta    Yes      Ta    0
                    800: .It Sx \&Ar  Ta    Yes      Ta    Yes      Ta    n
                    801: .It Sx \&At  Ta    Yes      Ta    Yes      Ta    1
                    802: .It Sx \&Bsx Ta    Yes      Ta    Yes      Ta    n
                    803: .It Sx \&Bt  Ta    \&No     Ta    \&No     Ta    0
                    804: .It Sx \&Bx  Ta    Yes      Ta    Yes      Ta    n
                    805: .It Sx \&Cd  Ta    Yes      Ta    Yes      Ta    >0
                    806: .It Sx \&Cm  Ta    Yes      Ta    Yes      Ta    n
                    807: .It Sx \&Db  Ta    \&No     Ta    \&No     Ta    1
                    808: .It Sx \&Dd  Ta    \&No     Ta    \&No     Ta    >0
                    809: .It Sx \&Dt  Ta    \&No     Ta    \&No     Ta    n
                    810: .It Sx \&Dv  Ta    Yes      Ta    Yes      Ta    n
                    811: .It Sx \&Dx  Ta    Yes      Ta    Yes      Ta    n
                    812: .It Sx \&Em  Ta    Yes      Ta    Yes      Ta    >0
                    813: .It Sx \&En  Ta    \&No     Ta    \&No     Ta    0
                    814: .It Sx \&Er  Ta    Yes      Ta    Yes      Ta    >0
                    815: .It Sx \&Es  Ta    \&No     Ta    \&No     Ta    0
                    816: .It Sx \&Ev  Ta    Yes      Ta    Yes      Ta    n
                    817: .It Sx \&Ex  Ta    \&No     Ta    \&No     Ta    n
                    818: .It Sx \&Fa  Ta    Yes      Ta    Yes      Ta    n
                    819: .It Sx \&Fd  Ta    \&No     Ta    \&No     Ta    >0
                    820: .It Sx \&Fl  Ta    Yes      Ta    Yes      Ta    n
                    821: .It Sx \&Fn  Ta    Yes      Ta    Yes      Ta    >0
                    822: .It Sx \&Fr  Ta    \&No     Ta    \&No     Ta    n
                    823: .It Sx \&Ft  Ta    Yes      Ta    Yes      Ta    n
                    824: .It Sx \&Fx  Ta    Yes      Ta    Yes      Ta    n
                    825: .It Sx \&Hf  Ta    \&No     Ta    \&No     Ta    n
                    826: .It Sx \&Ic  Ta    Yes      Ta    Yes      Ta    >0
                    827: .It Sx \&In  Ta    \&No     Ta    \&No     Ta    n
                    828: .It Sx \&Lb  Ta    \&No     Ta    \&No     Ta    1
                    829: .It Sx \&Li  Ta    Yes      Ta    Yes      Ta    n
                    830: .It Sx \&Lk  Ta    Yes      Ta    Yes      Ta    n
                    831: .It Sx \&Lp  Ta    \&No     Ta    \&No     Ta    0
                    832: .It Sx \&Ms  Ta    Yes      Ta    Yes      Ta    >0
                    833: .It Sx \&Mt  Ta    Yes      Ta    Yes      Ta    >0
                    834: .It Sx \&Nm  Ta    Yes      Ta    Yes      Ta    n
                    835: .It Sx \&No  Ta    Yes      Ta    Yes      Ta    0
                    836: .It Sx \&Ns  Ta    Yes      Ta    Yes      Ta    0
                    837: .It Sx \&Nx  Ta    Yes      Ta    Yes      Ta    n
                    838: .It Sx \&Os  Ta    \&No     Ta    \&No     Ta    n
                    839: .It Sx \&Ot  Ta    \&No     Ta    \&No     Ta    n
                    840: .It Sx \&Ox  Ta    Yes      Ta    Yes      Ta    n
                    841: .It Sx \&Pa  Ta    Yes      Ta    Yes      Ta    n
1.88      kristaps  842: .It Sx \&Pf  Ta    Yes      Ta    Yes      Ta    1
1.64      kristaps  843: .It Sx \&Pp  Ta    \&No     Ta    \&No     Ta    0
                    844: .It Sx \&Rv  Ta    \&No     Ta    \&No     Ta    n
                    845: .It Sx \&Sm  Ta    \&No     Ta    \&No     Ta    1
                    846: .It Sx \&St  Ta    \&No     Ta    Yes      Ta    1
                    847: .It Sx \&Sx  Ta    Yes      Ta    Yes      Ta    >0
                    848: .It Sx \&Sy  Ta    Yes      Ta    Yes      Ta    >0
                    849: .It Sx \&Tn  Ta    Yes      Ta    Yes      Ta    >0
                    850: .It Sx \&Ud  Ta    \&No     Ta    \&No     Ta    0
                    851: .It Sx \&Ux  Ta    Yes      Ta    Yes      Ta    n
                    852: .It Sx \&Va  Ta    Yes      Ta    Yes      Ta    n
                    853: .It Sx \&Vt  Ta    Yes      Ta    Yes      Ta    >0
1.84      kristaps  854: .It Sx \&Xr  Ta    Yes      Ta    Yes      Ta    >0
1.64      kristaps  855: .It Sx \&br  Ta    \&No     Ta    \&No     Ta    0
                    856: .It Sx \&sp  Ta    \&No     Ta    \&No     Ta    1
1.82      kristaps  857: .El
1.63      kristaps  858: .Sh REFERENCE
                    859: This section is a canonical reference of all macros, arranged
1.100     kristaps  860: alphabetically.
                    861: For the scoping of individual macros, see
1.63      kristaps  862: .Sx MACRO SYNTAX .
                    863: .Ss \&%A
                    864: Author name of an
                    865: .Sx \&Rs
1.138     kristaps  866: block.
                    867: Multiple authors should each be accorded their own
1.64      kristaps  868: .Sx \%%A
1.138     kristaps  869: line.
                    870: Author names should be ordered with full or abbreviated forename(s)
                    871: first, then full surname.
1.63      kristaps  872: .Ss \&%B
                    873: Book title of an
                    874: .Sx \&Rs
1.138     kristaps  875: block.
                    876: This macro may also be used in a non-bibliographic context when
1.63      kristaps  877: referring to book titles.
                    878: .Ss \&%C
                    879: Publication city or location of an
                    880: .Sx \&Rs
                    881: block.
                    882: .Pp
1.65      kristaps  883: .Em Remarks :
1.63      kristaps  884: this macro is not implemented in
                    885: .Xr groff 1 .
                    886: .Ss \&%D
                    887: Publication date of an
                    888: .Sx \&Rs
1.138     kristaps  889: block.
                    890: This should follow the reduced or canonical form syntax described in
1.63      kristaps  891: .Sx Dates .
                    892: .Ss \&%I
                    893: Publisher or issuer name of an
                    894: .Sx \&Rs
                    895: block.
                    896: .Ss \&%J
                    897: Journal name of an
                    898: .Sx \&Rs
                    899: block.
                    900: .Ss \&%N
                    901: Issue number (usually for journals) of an
                    902: .Sx \&Rs
                    903: block.
                    904: .Ss \&%O
                    905: Optional information of an
                    906: .Sx \&Rs
                    907: block.
                    908: .Ss \&%P
                    909: Book or journal page number of an
                    910: .Sx \&Rs
                    911: block.
                    912: .Ss \&%Q
                    913: Institutional author (school, government, etc.) of an
                    914: .Sx \&Rs
1.138     kristaps  915: block.
                    916: Multiple institutional authors should each be accorded their own
1.64      kristaps  917: .Sx \&%Q
1.63      kristaps  918: line.
                    919: .Ss \&%R
                    920: Technical report name of an
                    921: .Sx \&Rs
                    922: block.
                    923: .Ss \&%T
                    924: Article title of an
                    925: .Sx \&Rs
1.138     kristaps  926: block.
                    927: This macro may also be used in a non-bibliographical context when
                    928: referring to article titles.
1.69      kristaps  929: .Ss \&%U
1.70      kristaps  930: URI of reference document.
1.63      kristaps  931: .Ss \&%V
                    932: Volume number of an
                    933: .Sx \&Rs
                    934: block.
                    935: .Ss \&Ac
                    936: Closes an
                    937: .Sx \&Ao
1.138     kristaps  938: block.
                    939: Does not have any tail arguments.
1.63      kristaps  940: .Ss \&Ad
                    941: Address construct: usually in the context of an computational address in
                    942: memory, not a physical (post) address.
                    943: .Pp
1.64      kristaps  944: Examples:
1.91      kristaps  945: .D1 \&.Ad [0,$]
                    946: .D1 \&.Ad 0x00000000
1.63      kristaps  947: .Ss \&An
1.100     kristaps  948: Author name.
                    949: This macro may alternatively accepts the following arguments, although
                    950: these may not be specified along with a parameter:
1.140   ! kristaps  951: .Pp
        !           952: .Bl -tag -width "-nosplitX" -offset indent -compact
1.64      kristaps  953: .It Fl split
1.66      kristaps  954: Renders a line break before each author listing.
1.64      kristaps  955: .It Fl nosplit
                    956: The opposite of
                    957: .Fl split .
                    958: .El
                    959: .Pp
1.140   ! kristaps  960: In the
        !           961: .Em AUTHORS
        !           962: section, the default is not to split the first author
1.64      kristaps  963: listing, but all subsequent author listings, whether or not they're
1.100     kristaps  964: interspersed by other macros or text, are split.
                    965: Thus, specifying
1.64      kristaps  966: .Fl split
1.100     kristaps  967: will cause the first listing also to be split.
1.140   ! kristaps  968: If not in the
        !           969: .Em AUTHORS
        !           970: section, the default is not to split.
1.64      kristaps  971: .Pp
                    972: Examples:
1.91      kristaps  973: .D1 \&.An -nosplit
                    974: .D1 \&.An J. D. Ullman .
1.64      kristaps  975: .Pp
                    976: .Em Remarks :
                    977: the effects of
                    978: .Fl split
                    979: or
                    980: .Fl nosplit
1.140   ! kristaps  981: are re-set when entering the
        !           982: .Em AUTHORS
        !           983: section, so if one specifies
1.64      kristaps  984: .Sx \&An Fl nosplit
1.140   ! kristaps  985: in the general document body, it must be re-specified in the
        !           986: .Em AUTHORS
1.64      kristaps  987: section.
1.63      kristaps  988: .Ss \&Ao
1.100     kristaps  989: Begins a block enclosed by angled brackets.
                    990: Does not have any head arguments.
1.63      kristaps  991: .Pp
1.64      kristaps  992: Examples:
1.91      kristaps  993: .D1 \&.Fl -key= \&Ns \&Ao \&Ar val \&Ac
1.63      kristaps  994: .Pp
1.64      kristaps  995: See also
                    996: .Sx \&Aq .
1.63      kristaps  997: .Ss \&Ap
1.138     kristaps  998: Inserts an apostrophe without any surrounding whitespace.
1.124     kristaps  999: This is generally used as a grammatical device when referring to the verb
1.140   ! kristaps 1000: form of a function.
        !          1001: .Pp
        !          1002: Examples:
        !          1003: .D1 \&.Fn execve \&Ap d
1.63      kristaps 1004: .Ss \&Aq
1.82      kristaps 1005: Encloses its arguments in angled brackets.
1.64      kristaps 1006: .Pp
                   1007: Examples:
1.91      kristaps 1008: .D1 \&.Fl -key= \&Ns \&Aq \&Ar val
1.64      kristaps 1009: .Pp
                   1010: .Em Remarks :
                   1011: this macro is often abused for rendering URIs, which should instead use
                   1012: .Sx \&Lk
                   1013: or
                   1014: .Sx \&Mt ,
                   1015: or to note pre-processor
                   1016: .Dq Li #include
                   1017: statements, which should use
                   1018: .Sx \&In .
                   1019: .Pp
                   1020: See also
                   1021: .Sx \&Ao .
1.63      kristaps 1022: .Ss \&Ar
1.100     kristaps 1023: Command arguments.
                   1024: If an argument is not provided, the string
1.64      kristaps 1025: .Dq file ...
1.66      kristaps 1026: is used as a default.
1.64      kristaps 1027: .Pp
                   1028: Examples:
1.91      kristaps 1029: .D1 \&.Fl o \&Ns \&Ar file1
                   1030: .D1 \&.Ar
                   1031: .D1 \&.Ar arg1 , arg2 .
1.63      kristaps 1032: .Ss \&At
1.100     kristaps 1033: Formats an AT&T version.
                   1034: Accepts at most one parameter:
1.140   ! kristaps 1035: .Pp
        !          1036: .Bl -tag -width "v[1-7] | 32vX" -offset indent -compact
1.64      kristaps 1037: .It Cm v[1-7] | 32v
                   1038: A version of
                   1039: .At .
                   1040: .It Cm V[.[1-4]]?
                   1041: A system version of
                   1042: .At .
                   1043: .El
                   1044: .Pp
                   1045: Note that these parameters do not begin with a hyphen.
                   1046: .Pp
                   1047: Examples:
1.91      kristaps 1048: .D1 \&.At
                   1049: .D1 \&.At V.1
1.65      kristaps 1050: .Pp
                   1051: See also
1.66      kristaps 1052: .Sx \&Bsx ,
1.65      kristaps 1053: .Sx \&Bx ,
1.66      kristaps 1054: .Sx \&Dx ,
1.65      kristaps 1055: .Sx \&Fx ,
                   1056: .Sx \&Nx ,
                   1057: .Sx \&Ox ,
                   1058: and
                   1059: .Sx \&Ux .
1.63      kristaps 1060: .Ss \&Bc
1.64      kristaps 1061: Closes a
                   1062: .Sx \&Bo
1.138     kristaps 1063: block.
                   1064: Does not have any tail arguments.
1.63      kristaps 1065: .Ss \&Bd
1.100     kristaps 1066: Begins a display block.
1.131     kristaps 1067: Its syntax is as follows:
                   1068: .Bd -ragged -offset indent
                   1069: .Pf \. Sx \&Bd
                   1070: .Fl type
                   1071: .Op Fl offset Ar width
                   1072: .Op Fl compact
                   1073: .Ed
                   1074: .Pp
1.100     kristaps 1075: A display is collection of macros or text which may be collectively
                   1076: offset or justified in a manner different from that
                   1077: of the enclosing context.
                   1078: By default, the block is preceded by a vertical space.
1.64      kristaps 1079: .Pp
                   1080: Each display is associated with a type, which must be one of the
                   1081: following arguments:
                   1082: .Bl -tag -width 12n -offset indent
                   1083: .It Fl ragged
                   1084: Only left-justify the block.
                   1085: .It Fl unfilled
                   1086: Do not justify the block at all.
                   1087: .It Fl filled
                   1088: Left- and right-justify the block.
                   1089: .It Fl literal
                   1090: Alias for
                   1091: .Fl unfilled .
                   1092: .It Fl centered
                   1093: Centre-justify each line.
                   1094: .El
                   1095: .Pp
1.100     kristaps 1096: The type must be provided first.
                   1097: Secondary arguments are as follows:
1.64      kristaps 1098: .Bl -tag -width 12n -offset indent
1.131     kristaps 1099: .It Fl offset Ar val
1.64      kristaps 1100: Offset by the value of
1.131     kristaps 1101: .Ar val ,
1.64      kristaps 1102: which is interpreted as one of the following, specified in order:
                   1103: .Bl -item
                   1104: .It
                   1105: As one of the pre-defined strings
                   1106: .Ar indent ,
                   1107: the width of standard indentation;
                   1108: .Ar indent-two ,
                   1109: twice
                   1110: .Ar indent ;
                   1111: .Ar left ,
1.131     kristaps 1112: which has no effect;
1.64      kristaps 1113: .Ar right ,
                   1114: which justifies to the right margin; and
                   1115: .Ar center ,
                   1116: which aligns around an imagined centre axis.
                   1117: .It
1.100     kristaps 1118: As a precalculated width for a named macro.
                   1119: The most popular is the imaginary macro
1.67      kristaps 1120: .Ar \&Ds ,
1.64      kristaps 1121: which resolves to
                   1122: .Ar 6n .
                   1123: .It
                   1124: As a scaling unit following the syntax described in
                   1125: .Sx Scaling Widths .
                   1126: .It
                   1127: As the calculated string length of the opaque string.
                   1128: .El
                   1129: .Pp
1.126     kristaps 1130: If not provided an argument, it will be ignored.
1.64      kristaps 1131: .It Fl compact
                   1132: Do not assert a vertical space before the block.
                   1133: .El
                   1134: .Pp
                   1135: Examples:
                   1136: .Bd -literal -offset indent
                   1137: \&.Bd \-unfilled \-offset two-indent \-compact
1.65      kristaps 1138:    Hello       world.
1.64      kristaps 1139: \&.Ed
                   1140: .Ed
1.66      kristaps 1141: .Pp
                   1142: See also
                   1143: .Sx \&D1
                   1144: and
                   1145: .Sx \&Dl .
1.63      kristaps 1146: .Ss \&Bf
1.129     kristaps 1147: Change the font mode for a scoped block of text.
                   1148: Its syntax is as follows:
                   1149: .Bd -ragged -offset indent
                   1150: .Pf \. Sx \&Bf
                   1151: .Oo
                   1152: .Fl emphasis | literal | symbolic |
                   1153: .Cm \&Em | \&Li | \&Sy
                   1154: .Oc
                   1155: .Ed
                   1156: .Pp
                   1157: The
                   1158: .Fl emphasis
                   1159: and
                   1160: .Cm \&Em
                   1161: argument are equivalent, as are
                   1162: .Fl symbolic
                   1163: and
                   1164: .Cm \&Sy,
                   1165: and
                   1166: .Fl literal
                   1167: and
                   1168: .Cm \&Li .
                   1169: Without an argument, this macro does nothing.
                   1170: The font mode continues until broken by a new font mode in a nested
                   1171: scope or
                   1172: .Sx \&Ef
                   1173: is encountered.
                   1174: .Pp
                   1175: See also
                   1176: .Sx \&Li ,
                   1177: .Sx \&Ef ,
                   1178: and
                   1179: .Sx \&Sy .
1.63      kristaps 1180: .Ss \&Bk
1.133     kristaps 1181: Begins a collection of macros or text not breaking the line.
1.131     kristaps 1182: Its syntax is as follows:
                   1183: .Pp
                   1184: .D1 Pf \. Sx \&Bk Fl words
                   1185: .Pp
                   1186: Subsequent arguments are ignored.
1.133     kristaps 1187: The
                   1188: .Fl words
                   1189: argument is required.
1.127     schwarze 1190: .Pp
1.133     kristaps 1191: Each line within a keep block is kept intact, so the following example
                   1192: will not break within each
                   1193: .Sx \&Op
                   1194: macro line:
1.127     schwarze 1195: .Bd -literal -offset indent
                   1196: \&.Bk \-words
1.133     kristaps 1197: \&.Op Fl f Ar flags
                   1198: \&.Op Fl o Ar output
1.127     schwarze 1199: \&.Ek
                   1200: .Ed
1.129     kristaps 1201: .Pp
1.133     kristaps 1202: Be careful in using over-long lines within a keep block!
                   1203: Doing so will clobber the right margin.
1.63      kristaps 1204: .Ss \&Bl
1.103     kristaps 1205: Begins a list composed of one or more list entries.
1.131     kristaps 1206: Its syntax is as follows:
                   1207: .Bd -ragged -offset indent
                   1208: .Pf \. Sx \&Bl
                   1209: .Fl type
                   1210: .Op Fl width Ar val
                   1211: .Op Fl offset Ar val
                   1212: .Op Fl compact
                   1213: .Op HEAD ...
                   1214: .Ed
                   1215: .Pp
1.104     kristaps 1216: A list is associated with a type, which is a required argument.
                   1217: Other arguments are
                   1218: .Fl width ,
                   1219: defined per-type as accepting a literal or
                   1220: .Sx Scaling Widths
                   1221: value;
                   1222: .Fl offset ,
                   1223: also accepting a literal or
                   1224: .Sx Scaling Widths
                   1225: value setting the list's global offset; and
                   1226: .Fl compact ,
                   1227: suppressing the default vertical space printed before each list entry.
1.103     kristaps 1228: A list entry is specified by the
                   1229: .Sx \&It
                   1230: macro, which consists of a head and optional body (depending on the list
                   1231: type).
                   1232: A list must specify one of the following list types:
                   1233: .Bl -tag -width 12n -offset indent
                   1234: .It Fl bullet
                   1235: A list offset by a bullet.
                   1236: The head of list entries must be empty.
                   1237: List entry bodies are positioned after the bullet.
1.104     kristaps 1238: The
                   1239: .Fl width
                   1240: argument varies the width of list bodies' left-margins.
1.103     kristaps 1241: .It Fl column
                   1242: A columnated list.
1.104     kristaps 1243: The
                   1244: .Fl width
                   1245: argument has no effect.
1.103     kristaps 1246: The number of columns is specified as parameters to the
                   1247: .Sx \&Bl
                   1248: macro.
                   1249: These dictate the width of columns either as
                   1250: .Sx Scaling Widths
                   1251: or literal text.
1.114     kristaps 1252: If the initial macro of a
                   1253: .Fl column
                   1254: list is not an
                   1255: .Sx \&It ,
                   1256: an
                   1257: .Sx \&It
                   1258: context spanning each line is implied until an
                   1259: .Sx \&It
                   1260: line macro is encountered, at which point list bodies are interpreted as
                   1261: described in the
                   1262: .Sx \&It
                   1263: documentation.
1.103     kristaps 1264: .It Fl dash
                   1265: A list offset by a dash (hyphen).
                   1266: The head of list entries must be empty.
                   1267: List entry bodies are positioned past the dash.
1.104     kristaps 1268: The
                   1269: .Fl width
                   1270: argument varies the width of list bodies' left-margins.
1.103     kristaps 1271: .It Fl diag
                   1272: Like
                   1273: .Fl inset ,
                   1274: but with additional formatting to the head.
1.104     kristaps 1275: The
                   1276: .Fl width
                   1277: argument varies the width of list bodies' left-margins.
1.103     kristaps 1278: .It Fl enum
                   1279: An enumerated list offset by the enumeration from 1.
                   1280: The head of list entries must be empty.
                   1281: List entry bodies are positioned after the enumeration.
1.104     kristaps 1282: The
                   1283: .Fl width
                   1284: argument varies the width of list bodies' left-margins.
1.103     kristaps 1285: .It Fl hang
                   1286: Like
                   1287: .Fl tag ,
                   1288: but instead of list bodies positioned after the head, they trail the
                   1289: head text.
1.104     kristaps 1290: The
                   1291: .Fl width
                   1292: argument varies the width of list bodies' left-margins.
1.103     kristaps 1293: .It Fl hyphen
                   1294: Synonym for
                   1295: .Fl dash .
                   1296: .It Fl inset
                   1297: List bodies follow the list head.
1.104     kristaps 1298: The
                   1299: .Fl width
                   1300: argument is ignored.
1.103     kristaps 1301: .It Fl item
                   1302: This produces blocks of text.
                   1303: The head of list entries must be empty.
1.104     kristaps 1304: The
                   1305: .Fl width
                   1306: argument is ignored.
1.103     kristaps 1307: .It Fl ohang
                   1308: List bodies are positioned on the line following the head.
1.104     kristaps 1309: The
                   1310: .Fl width
                   1311: argument is ignored.
1.103     kristaps 1312: .It Fl tag
1.138     kristaps 1313: A list offset by list entry heads.
                   1314: List entry bodies are positioned after the head as specified by the
1.103     kristaps 1315: .Fl width
                   1316: argument.
                   1317: .El
1.114     kristaps 1318: .Pp
                   1319: See also
                   1320: .Sx \&It .
1.63      kristaps 1321: .Ss \&Bo
1.100     kristaps 1322: Begins a block enclosed by square brackets.
                   1323: Does not have any head arguments.
1.65      kristaps 1324: .Pp
                   1325: Examples:
1.140   ! kristaps 1326: .Bd -literal -offset indent -compact
1.65      kristaps 1327: \&.Bo 1 ,
1.91      kristaps 1328: \&.Dv BUFSIZ \&Bc
1.65      kristaps 1329: .Ed
                   1330: .Pp
                   1331: See also
                   1332: .Sx \&Bq .
1.63      kristaps 1333: .Ss \&Bq
1.82      kristaps 1334: Encloses its arguments in square brackets.
1.65      kristaps 1335: .Pp
                   1336: Examples:
1.91      kristaps 1337: .D1 \&.Bq 1 , \&Dv BUFSIZ
1.65      kristaps 1338: .Pp
                   1339: .Em Remarks :
                   1340: this macro is sometimes abused to emulate optional arguments for
                   1341: commands; the correct macros to use for this purpose are
                   1342: .Sx \&Op ,
                   1343: .Sx \&Oo ,
                   1344: and
                   1345: .Sx \&Oc .
                   1346: .Pp
                   1347: See also
                   1348: .Sx \&Bo .
1.63      kristaps 1349: .Ss \&Brc
1.65      kristaps 1350: Closes a
                   1351: .Sx \&Bro
1.138     kristaps 1352: block.
                   1353: Does not have any tail arguments.
1.63      kristaps 1354: .Ss \&Bro
1.100     kristaps 1355: Begins a block enclosed by curly braces.
                   1356: Does not have any head arguments.
1.65      kristaps 1357: .Pp
                   1358: Examples:
1.140   ! kristaps 1359: .Bd -literal -offset indent -compact
1.65      kristaps 1360: \&.Bro 1 , ... ,
1.91      kristaps 1361: \&.Va n \&Brc
1.65      kristaps 1362: .Ed
                   1363: .Pp
                   1364: See also
                   1365: .Sx \&Brq .
1.63      kristaps 1366: .Ss \&Brq
1.65      kristaps 1367: Encloses its arguments in curly braces.
                   1368: .Pp
                   1369: Examples:
1.91      kristaps 1370: .D1 \&.Brq 1 , ... , \&Va n
1.65      kristaps 1371: .Pp
                   1372: See also
                   1373: .Sx \&Bro .
1.63      kristaps 1374: .Ss \&Bsx
1.65      kristaps 1375: Format the BSD/OS version provided as an argument, or a default value if
                   1376: no argument is provided.
                   1377: .Pp
                   1378: Examples:
1.91      kristaps 1379: .D1 \&.Bsx 1.0
                   1380: .D1 \&.Bsx
1.65      kristaps 1381: .Pp
                   1382: See also
                   1383: .Sx \&At ,
                   1384: .Sx \&Bx ,
1.66      kristaps 1385: .Sx \&Dx ,
1.65      kristaps 1386: .Sx \&Fx ,
                   1387: .Sx \&Nx ,
                   1388: .Sx \&Ox ,
                   1389: and
                   1390: .Sx \&Ux .
1.63      kristaps 1391: .Ss \&Bt
1.66      kristaps 1392: Prints
                   1393: .Dq is currently in beta test.
1.63      kristaps 1394: .Ss \&Bx
1.65      kristaps 1395: Format the BSD version provided as an argument, or a default value if no
                   1396: argument is provided.
                   1397: .Pp
                   1398: Examples:
1.91      kristaps 1399: .D1 \&.Bx 4.4
                   1400: .D1 \&.Bx
1.65      kristaps 1401: .Pp
                   1402: See also
                   1403: .Sx \&At ,
                   1404: .Sx \&Bsx ,
1.66      kristaps 1405: .Sx \&Dx ,
1.65      kristaps 1406: .Sx \&Fx ,
                   1407: .Sx \&Nx ,
                   1408: .Sx \&Ox ,
                   1409: and
                   1410: .Sx \&Ux .
1.63      kristaps 1411: .Ss \&Cd
1.100     kristaps 1412: Configuration declaration.
                   1413: This denotes strings accepted by
1.66      kristaps 1414: .Xr config 8 .
                   1415: .Pp
                   1416: Examples:
1.91      kristaps 1417: .D1 \&.Cd device le0 at scode?
1.66      kristaps 1418: .Pp
                   1419: .Em Remarks :
                   1420: this macro is commonly abused by using quoted literals to retain
1.138     kristaps 1421: whitespace and align consecutive
1.66      kristaps 1422: .Sx \&Cd
1.100     kristaps 1423: declarations.
                   1424: This practise is discouraged.
1.63      kristaps 1425: .Ss \&Cm
1.100     kristaps 1426: Command modifiers.
                   1427: Useful when specifying configuration options or keys.
1.66      kristaps 1428: .Pp
                   1429: Examples:
1.91      kristaps 1430: .D1 \&.Cm ControlPath
                   1431: .D1 \&.Cm ControlMaster
1.66      kristaps 1432: .Pp
                   1433: See also
                   1434: .Sx \&Fl .
1.63      kristaps 1435: .Ss \&D1
1.100     kristaps 1436: One-line indented display.
                   1437: This is formatted by the default rules and is useful for simple indented
                   1438: statements.
                   1439: It is followed by a newline.
1.66      kristaps 1440: .Pp
                   1441: Examples:
1.91      kristaps 1442: .D1 \&.D1 \&Fl abcdefgh
1.66      kristaps 1443: .Pp
                   1444: See also
                   1445: .Sx \&Bd
                   1446: and
                   1447: .Sx \&Dl .
1.63      kristaps 1448: .Ss \&Db
1.117     kristaps 1449: Start a debugging context.
                   1450: This macro is parsed, but generally ignored.
1.120     kristaps 1451: Its syntax is as follows:
1.117     kristaps 1452: .Pp
1.120     kristaps 1453: .D1 Pf \. Sx \&Db Cm on | off
1.63      kristaps 1454: .Ss \&Dc
1.66      kristaps 1455: Closes a
                   1456: .Sx \&Do
1.138     kristaps 1457: block.
                   1458: Does not have any tail arguments.
1.63      kristaps 1459: .Ss \&Dd
1.100     kristaps 1460: Document date.
                   1461: This is the mandatory first macro of any
1.66      kristaps 1462: .Nm
1.100     kristaps 1463: manual.
1.120     kristaps 1464: Its syntax is as follows:
1.66      kristaps 1465: .Pp
1.120     kristaps 1466: .D1 Pf \. Sx \&Dd Cm date
1.66      kristaps 1467: .Pp
1.82      kristaps 1468: The
1.66      kristaps 1469: .Cm date
                   1470: field may be either
                   1471: .Ar $\&Mdocdate$ ,
                   1472: which signifies the current manual revision date dictated by
1.72      kristaps 1473: .Xr cvs 1 ,
1.66      kristaps 1474: or instead a valid canonical date as specified by
                   1475: .Sx Dates .
1.72      kristaps 1476: If a date does not conform, the current date is used instead.
1.66      kristaps 1477: .Pp
                   1478: Examples:
1.91      kristaps 1479: .D1 \&.Dd $\&Mdocdate$
                   1480: .D1 \&.Dd $\&Mdocdate: July 21 2007$
                   1481: .D1 \&.Dd July 21, 2007
1.66      kristaps 1482: .Pp
                   1483: See also
                   1484: .Sx \&Dt
                   1485: and
                   1486: .Sx \&Os .
1.63      kristaps 1487: .Ss \&Dl
1.100     kristaps 1488: One-line intended display.
                   1489: This is formatted as literal text and is useful for commands and
                   1490: invocations.
                   1491: It is followed by a newline.
1.66      kristaps 1492: .Pp
                   1493: Examples:
1.140   ! kristaps 1494: .D1 \&.Dl % mandoc mdoc.7 \e(ba less
1.66      kristaps 1495: .Pp
                   1496: See also
                   1497: .Sx \&Bd
                   1498: and
                   1499: .Sx \&D1 .
1.63      kristaps 1500: .Ss \&Do
1.138     kristaps 1501: Begins a block enclosed by double quotes.
                   1502: Does not have any head arguments.
1.66      kristaps 1503: .Pp
                   1504: Examples:
1.140   ! kristaps 1505: .Bd -literal -offset indent -compact
        !          1506: \&.Do
        !          1507: April is the cruellest month
        !          1508: \&.Dc
        !          1509: \e(em T.S. Eliot
        !          1510: .Ed
1.66      kristaps 1511: .Pp
                   1512: See also
                   1513: .Sx \&Dq .
1.63      kristaps 1514: .Ss \&Dq
1.138     kristaps 1515: Encloses its arguments in
                   1516: .Dq typographic
                   1517: double-quotes.
1.66      kristaps 1518: .Pp
                   1519: Examples:
1.91      kristaps 1520: .Bd -literal -offset indent -compact
1.66      kristaps 1521: \&.Dq April is the cruellest month
                   1522: \e(em T.S. Eliot
                   1523: .Ed
                   1524: .Pp
                   1525: See also
1.139     kristaps 1526: .Sx \&Qq ,
                   1527: .Sx \&Sq ,
1.138     kristaps 1528: and
1.66      kristaps 1529: .Sx \&Do .
1.139     kristaps 1530: .Ss \&Dt
1.100     kristaps 1531: Document title.
                   1532: This is the mandatory second macro of any
1.66      kristaps 1533: .Nm
1.100     kristaps 1534: file.
1.120     kristaps 1535: Its syntax is as follows:
                   1536: .Bd -ragged -offset indent
                   1537: .Pf \. Sx \&Dt
                   1538: .Oo
                   1539: .Cm title
                   1540: .Oo
                   1541: .Cm section
                   1542: .Op Cm volume | arch
                   1543: .Oc
                   1544: .Oc
                   1545: .Ed
1.66      kristaps 1546: .Pp
                   1547: Its arguments are as follows:
                   1548: .Bl -tag -width Ds -offset Ds
                   1549: .It Cm title
1.111     kristaps 1550: The document's title (name), defaulting to
1.138     kristaps 1551: .Dq UNKNOWN
1.111     kristaps 1552: if unspecified.
                   1553: It should be capitalised.
1.66      kristaps 1554: .It Cm section
1.100     kristaps 1555: The manual section.
                   1556: This may be one of
1.66      kristaps 1557: .Ar 1
                   1558: .Pq utilities ,
                   1559: .Ar 2
                   1560: .Pq system calls ,
                   1561: .Ar 3
                   1562: .Pq libraries ,
                   1563: .Ar 3p
                   1564: .Pq Perl libraries ,
                   1565: .Ar 4
                   1566: .Pq devices ,
                   1567: .Ar 5
                   1568: .Pq file formats ,
                   1569: .Ar 6
                   1570: .Pq games ,
                   1571: .Ar 7
                   1572: .Pq miscellaneous ,
                   1573: .Ar 8
                   1574: .Pq system utilities ,
                   1575: .Ar 9
                   1576: .Pq kernel functions ,
                   1577: .Ar X11
                   1578: .Pq X Window System ,
                   1579: .Ar X11R6
                   1580: .Pq X Window System ,
                   1581: .Ar unass
                   1582: .Pq unassociated ,
                   1583: .Ar local
                   1584: .Pq local system ,
                   1585: .Ar draft
                   1586: .Pq draft manual ,
                   1587: or
                   1588: .Ar paper
                   1589: .Pq paper .
1.111     kristaps 1590: It should correspond to the manual's filename suffix and defaults to
1.138     kristaps 1591: .Dq 1
1.111     kristaps 1592: if unspecified.
1.66      kristaps 1593: .It Cm volume
                   1594: This overrides the volume inferred from
                   1595: .Ar section .
                   1596: This field is optional, and if specified, must be one of
                   1597: .Ar USD
                   1598: .Pq users' supplementary documents ,
                   1599: .Ar PS1
                   1600: .Pq programmers' supplementary documents ,
                   1601: .Ar AMD
                   1602: .Pq administrators' supplementary documents ,
                   1603: .Ar SMM
                   1604: .Pq system managers' manuals ,
                   1605: .Ar URM
                   1606: .Pq users' reference manuals ,
                   1607: .Ar PRM
                   1608: .Pq programmers' reference manuals ,
                   1609: .Ar KM
                   1610: .Pq kernel manuals ,
                   1611: .Ar IND
                   1612: .Pq master index ,
                   1613: .Ar MMI
                   1614: .Pq master index ,
                   1615: .Ar LOCAL
                   1616: .Pq local manuals ,
                   1617: .Ar LOC
                   1618: .Pq local manuals ,
                   1619: or
                   1620: .Ar CON
                   1621: .Pq contributed manuals .
                   1622: .It Cm arch
1.100     kristaps 1623: This specifies a specific relevant architecture.
                   1624: If
1.66      kristaps 1625: .Cm volume
                   1626: is not provided, it may be used in its place, else it may be used
1.100     kristaps 1627: subsequent that.
                   1628: It, too, is optional.
                   1629: It must be one of
1.66      kristaps 1630: .Ar alpha ,
                   1631: .Ar amd64 ,
                   1632: .Ar amiga ,
                   1633: .Ar arc ,
                   1634: .Ar arm ,
                   1635: .Ar armish ,
                   1636: .Ar aviion ,
                   1637: .Ar hp300 ,
                   1638: .Ar hppa ,
                   1639: .Ar hppa64 ,
                   1640: .Ar i386 ,
                   1641: .Ar landisk ,
1.86      kristaps 1642: .Ar loongson ,
1.66      kristaps 1643: .Ar luna88k ,
                   1644: .Ar mac68k ,
                   1645: .Ar macppc ,
                   1646: .Ar mvme68k ,
                   1647: .Ar mvme88k ,
                   1648: .Ar mvmeppc ,
                   1649: .Ar pmax ,
                   1650: .Ar sgi ,
                   1651: .Ar socppc ,
                   1652: .Ar sparc ,
                   1653: .Ar sparc64 ,
                   1654: .Ar sun3 ,
                   1655: .Ar vax ,
                   1656: or
                   1657: .Ar zaurus .
                   1658: .El
                   1659: .Pp
                   1660: Examples:
1.91      kristaps 1661: .D1 \&.Dt FOO 1
                   1662: .D1 \&.Dt FOO 4 KM
                   1663: .D1 \&.Dt FOO 9 i386
1.66      kristaps 1664: .Pp
                   1665: See also
                   1666: .Sx \&Dd
                   1667: and
                   1668: .Sx \&Os .
1.63      kristaps 1669: .Ss \&Dv
1.66      kristaps 1670: Defined variables such as preprocessor constants.
                   1671: .Pp
                   1672: Examples:
1.91      kristaps 1673: .D1 \&.Dv BUFSIZ
                   1674: .D1 \&.Dv STDOUT_FILENO
1.66      kristaps 1675: .Pp
                   1676: See also
                   1677: .Sx \&Er .
1.63      kristaps 1678: .Ss \&Dx
1.71      kristaps 1679: Format the DragonFly BSD version provided as an argument, or a default
1.66      kristaps 1680: value if no argument is provided.
                   1681: .Pp
                   1682: Examples:
1.91      kristaps 1683: .D1 \&.Dx 2.4.1
                   1684: .D1 \&.Dx
1.66      kristaps 1685: .Pp
                   1686: See also
                   1687: .Sx \&At ,
                   1688: .Sx \&Bsx ,
                   1689: .Sx \&Bx ,
                   1690: .Sx \&Fx ,
                   1691: .Sx \&Nx ,
                   1692: .Sx \&Ox ,
                   1693: and
                   1694: .Sx \&Ux .
1.63      kristaps 1695: .Ss \&Ec
1.131     kristaps 1696: Close a scope started by
                   1697: .Sx \&Eo .
                   1698: Its syntax is as follows:
                   1699: .Pp
                   1700: .D1 Pf \. Sx \&Ec Op Cm TERM
                   1701: .Pp
                   1702: The
                   1703: .Cm TERM
                   1704: argument is used as the enclosure tail, for example, specifying \e(rq
                   1705: will emulate
                   1706: .Sx \&Dc .
1.63      kristaps 1707: .Ss \&Ed
1.131     kristaps 1708: End a display context started by
                   1709: .Sx \&Bd .
1.63      kristaps 1710: .Ss \&Ef
1.129     kristaps 1711: Ends a font mode context started by
                   1712: .Sx \&Bf .
1.63      kristaps 1713: .Ss \&Ek
1.127     schwarze 1714: Ends a keep context started by
                   1715: .Sx \&Bk .
1.63      kristaps 1716: .Ss \&El
1.117     kristaps 1717: Ends a list context started by
                   1718: .Sx \&Bl .
                   1719: .Pp
                   1720: See also
                   1721: .Sx \&Bl
                   1722: and
                   1723: .Sx \&It .
1.63      kristaps 1724: .Ss \&Em
1.100     kristaps 1725: Denotes text that should be emphasised.
                   1726: Note that this is a presentation term and should not be used for
                   1727: stylistically decorating technical terms.
1.66      kristaps 1728: .Pp
                   1729: Examples:
1.91      kristaps 1730: .D1 \&.Em Warnings!
                   1731: .D1 \&.Em Remarks :
1.138     kristaps 1732: .Pp
                   1733: See also
                   1734: .Sx \&Bf ,
                   1735: .Sx \&Sy ,
                   1736: and
                   1737: .Sx \&Li .
1.63      kristaps 1738: .Ss \&En
1.132     kristaps 1739: This macro is obsolete and not implemented.
1.63      kristaps 1740: .Ss \&Eo
1.131     kristaps 1741: An arbitrary enclosure.
                   1742: Its syntax is as follows:
                   1743: .Pp
                   1744: .D1 Pf \. Sx \&Eo Op Cm TERM
                   1745: .Pp
                   1746: The
                   1747: .Cm TERM
                   1748: argument is used as the enclosure head, for example, specifying \e(lq
                   1749: will emulate
                   1750: .Sx \&Do .
1.63      kristaps 1751: .Ss \&Er
1.90      kristaps 1752: Display error constants.
1.66      kristaps 1753: .Pp
                   1754: Examples:
1.91      kristaps 1755: .D1 \&.Er EPERM
                   1756: .D1 \&.Er ENOENT
1.66      kristaps 1757: .Pp
                   1758: See also
                   1759: .Sx \&Dv .
1.63      kristaps 1760: .Ss \&Es
1.132     kristaps 1761: This macro is obsolete and not implemented.
1.63      kristaps 1762: .Ss \&Ev
1.66      kristaps 1763: Environmental variables such as those specified in
                   1764: .Xr environ 7 .
                   1765: .Pp
                   1766: Examples:
1.91      kristaps 1767: .D1 \&.Ev DISPLAY
                   1768: .D1 \&.Ev PATH
1.63      kristaps 1769: .Ss \&Ex
1.139     kristaps 1770: Inserts text regarding a utility's exit value.
                   1771: This macro must consist of the
1.66      kristaps 1772: .Fl std
1.139     kristaps 1773: argument followed by an optional
1.66      kristaps 1774: .Ar utility .
                   1775: If
                   1776: .Ar utility
                   1777: is not provided, the document's name as stipulated in
                   1778: .Sx \&Nm
                   1779: is provided.
1.139     kristaps 1780: .Pp
                   1781: See also
                   1782: .Sx \&Rv .
1.63      kristaps 1783: .Ss \&Fa
1.117     kristaps 1784: Function argument.
1.120     kristaps 1785: Its syntax is as follows:
                   1786: .Bd -ragged -offset indent
                   1787: .Pf \. Sx \&Fa
                   1788: .Op Cm argtype
                   1789: .Cm argname
                   1790: .Ed
                   1791: .Pp
1.117     kristaps 1792: This may be invoked for names with or without the corresponding type.
                   1793: It is also used to specify the field name of a structure.
                   1794: Most often, the
                   1795: .Sx \&Fa
                   1796: macro is used in the
                   1797: .Em SYNOPSIS
1.120     kristaps 1798: within
                   1799: .Sx \&Fo
1.117     kristaps 1800: section when documenting multi-line function prototypes.
                   1801: If invoked with multiple arguments, the arguments are separated by a
                   1802: comma.
                   1803: Furthermore, if the following macro is another
                   1804: .Sx \&Fa ,
                   1805: the last argument will also have a trailing comma.
                   1806: .Pp
                   1807: Examples:
                   1808: .D1 \&.Fa \(dqconst char *p\(dq
                   1809: .D1 \&.Fa \(dqint a\(dq \(dqint b\(dq \(dqint c\(dq
                   1810: .D1 \&.Fa foo
1.120     kristaps 1811: .Pp
                   1812: See also
                   1813: .Sx \&Fo .
1.63      kristaps 1814: .Ss \&Fc
1.131     kristaps 1815: Ends a function context started by
                   1816: .Sx \&Fo .
1.63      kristaps 1817: .Ss \&Fd
1.117     kristaps 1818: Historically used to document include files.
                   1819: This usage has been deprecated in favour of
                   1820: .Sx \&In .
                   1821: Do not use this macro.
                   1822: .Pp
                   1823: See also
1.122     kristaps 1824: .Sx MANUAL STRUCTURE
                   1825: and
1.117     kristaps 1826: .Sx \&In .
1.63      kristaps 1827: .Ss \&Fl
1.100     kristaps 1828: Command-line flag.
                   1829: Used when listing arguments to command-line utilities.
                   1830: Prints a fixed-width hyphen
1.79      kristaps 1831: .Sq \-
1.100     kristaps 1832: directly followed by each argument.
                   1833: If no arguments are provided, a hyphen is printed followed by a space.
                   1834: If the argument is a macro, a hyphen is prefixed to the subsequent macro
                   1835: output.
1.79      kristaps 1836: .Pp
                   1837: Examples:
1.91      kristaps 1838: .D1 \&.Fl a b c
                   1839: .D1 \&.Fl \&Pf a b
                   1840: .D1 \&.Fl
                   1841: .D1 \&.Op \&Fl o \&Ns \&Ar file
1.79      kristaps 1842: .Pp
                   1843: See also
                   1844: .Sx \&Cm .
1.63      kristaps 1845: .Ss \&Fn
1.119     kristaps 1846: A function name.
1.120     kristaps 1847: Its syntax is as follows:
1.119     kristaps 1848: .Bd -ragged -offset indent
                   1849: .Pf \. Ns Sx \&Fn
                   1850: .Op Cm functype
                   1851: .Cm funcname
                   1852: .Op Oo Cm argtype Oc Cm argname
                   1853: .Ed
1.120     kristaps 1854: .Pp
1.122     kristaps 1855: Function arguments are surrounded in parenthesis and
1.119     kristaps 1856: are delimited by commas.
                   1857: If no arguments are specified, blank parenthesis are output.
                   1858: .Pp
                   1859: Examples:
                   1860: .D1 \&.Fn "int funcname" "int arg0" "int arg1"
                   1861: .D1 \&.Fn funcname "int arg0"
                   1862: .D1 \&.Fn funcname arg0
1.120     kristaps 1863: .Bd -literal -offset indent -compact
                   1864: \&.Ft functype
                   1865: \&.Fn funcname
                   1866: .Ed
1.119     kristaps 1867: .Pp
                   1868: See also
1.122     kristaps 1869: .Sx MANUAL STRUCTURE
1.119     kristaps 1870: and
                   1871: .Sx \&Ft .
1.63      kristaps 1872: .Ss \&Fo
1.120     kristaps 1873: Begin a function block.
                   1874: This is a multi-line version of
                   1875: .Sx \&Fn .
                   1876: Its syntax is as follows:
                   1877: .Pp
                   1878: .D1 Pf \. Sx \&Fo Cm funcname
                   1879: .Pp
                   1880: Invocations usually occur in the following context:
                   1881: .Bd -ragged -offset indent
                   1882: .Pf \. Sx \&Ft Cm functype
                   1883: .br
                   1884: .Pf \. Sx \&Fo Cm funcname
                   1885: .br
                   1886: .Pf \. Sx \&Fa Oo Cm argtype Oc Cm argname
                   1887: .br
                   1888: \.\.\.
                   1889: .br
                   1890: .Pf \. Sx \&Fc
                   1891: .Ed
                   1892: .Pp
                   1893: A
                   1894: .Sx \&Fo
                   1895: scope is closed by
                   1896: .Pp
                   1897: See also
1.122     kristaps 1898: .Sx MANUAL STRUCTURE ,
1.120     kristaps 1899: .Sx \&Fa ,
                   1900: .Sx \&Fc ,
                   1901: and
1.139     kristaps 1902: .Sx \&Ft .
1.63      kristaps 1903: .Ss \&Ft
1.120     kristaps 1904: A function type.
                   1905: Its syntax is as follows:
                   1906: .Pp
                   1907: .D1 Pf \. Sx \&Ft Cm functype
                   1908: .Pp
                   1909: Examples:
                   1910: .D1 \&.Ft int
                   1911: .Bd -literal -offset indent -compact
                   1912: \&.Ft functype
                   1913: \&.Fn funcname
                   1914: .Ed
                   1915: .Pp
                   1916: See also
1.122     kristaps 1917: .Sx MANUAL STRUCTURE ,
                   1918: .Sx \&Fn ,
1.120     kristaps 1919: and
1.122     kristaps 1920: .Sx \&Fo .
1.63      kristaps 1921: .Ss \&Fx
1.65      kristaps 1922: Format the FreeBSD version provided as an argument, or a default value
                   1923: if no argument is provided.
                   1924: .Pp
                   1925: Examples:
1.91      kristaps 1926: .D1 \&.Fx 7.1
                   1927: .D1 \&.Fx
1.65      kristaps 1928: .Pp
                   1929: See also
                   1930: .Sx \&At ,
1.66      kristaps 1931: .Sx \&Bsx ,
1.65      kristaps 1932: .Sx \&Bx ,
1.66      kristaps 1933: .Sx \&Dx ,
1.65      kristaps 1934: .Sx \&Nx ,
                   1935: .Sx \&Ox ,
                   1936: and
                   1937: .Sx \&Ux .
1.63      kristaps 1938: .Ss \&Hf
1.132     kristaps 1939: This macro is obsolete and not implemented.
1.63      kristaps 1940: .Ss \&Ic
1.132     kristaps 1941: Designate an internal or interactive command.
                   1942: This is similar to
                   1943: .Sx \&Cm
                   1944: but used for instructions rather than values.
                   1945: .Pp
                   1946: Examples:
                   1947: .D1 \&.Ic hash
                   1948: .D1 \&.Ic alias
                   1949: .Pp
                   1950: Note that using
                   1951: .Sx \&Bd No Fl literal
                   1952: or
                   1953: .Sx \&D1
                   1954: is preferred for displaying code; the
                   1955: .Sx \&Ic
                   1956: macro is used when referring to specific instructions.
1.63      kristaps 1957: .Ss \&In
1.118     kristaps 1958: An
1.138     kristaps 1959: .Dq include
1.118     kristaps 1960: file.
                   1961: In the
                   1962: .Em SYNOPSIS
                   1963: section (only if invoked as the line macro), the first argument is
                   1964: preceded by
1.138     kristaps 1965: .Dq #include ,
1.122     kristaps 1966: the arguments is enclosed in angled braces.
1.118     kristaps 1967: .Pp
1.122     kristaps 1968: Examples:
1.118     kristaps 1969: .D1 \&.In sys/types
1.122     kristaps 1970: .Pp
                   1971: See also
                   1972: .Sx MANUAL STRUCTURE .
1.63      kristaps 1973: .Ss \&It
1.120     kristaps 1974: A list item.
                   1975: The syntax of this macro depends on the list type.
1.114     kristaps 1976: .Pp
                   1977: Lists
                   1978: of type
                   1979: .Fl hang ,
                   1980: .Fl ohang ,
                   1981: .Fl inset ,
                   1982: and
                   1983: .Fl diag
1.120     kristaps 1984: have the following syntax:
1.114     kristaps 1985: .Pp
1.120     kristaps 1986: .D1 Pf \. Sx \&It Cm args
1.114     kristaps 1987: .Pp
                   1988: Lists of type
                   1989: .Fl bullet ,
                   1990: .Fl dash ,
                   1991: .Fl enum ,
                   1992: .Fl hyphen
                   1993: and
                   1994: .Fl item
1.120     kristaps 1995: have the following syntax:
1.114     kristaps 1996: .Pp
1.120     kristaps 1997: .D1 Pf \. Sx \&It
1.114     kristaps 1998: .Pp
                   1999: with subsequent lines interpreted within the scope of the
                   2000: .Sx \&It
                   2001: until either a closing
                   2002: .Sx \&El
                   2003: or another
                   2004: .Sx \&It .
                   2005: .Pp
                   2006: The
                   2007: .Fl tag
1.120     kristaps 2008: list has the following syntax:
1.114     kristaps 2009: .Pp
1.120     kristaps 2010: .D1 Pf \. Sx \&It Op Cm args
1.114     kristaps 2011: .Pp
1.120     kristaps 2012: Subsequent lines are interpreted as with
1.114     kristaps 2013: .Fl bullet
                   2014: and family.
                   2015: The line arguments correspond to the list's left-hand side; body
                   2016: arguments correspond to the list's contents.
                   2017: .Pp
                   2018: The
                   2019: .Fl column
                   2020: list is the most complicated.
1.120     kristaps 2021: Its syntax is as follows:
1.114     kristaps 2022: .Pp
1.120     kristaps 2023: .D1 Pf \. Sx \&It Op Cm args
1.114     kristaps 2024: .Pp
1.120     kristaps 2025: The
1.114     kristaps 2026: .Cm args
                   2027: are phrases, a mix of macros and text corresponding to a line column,
                   2028: delimited by tabs or the special
                   2029: .Sq \&Ta
                   2030: pseudo-macro.
                   2031: Lines subsequent the
                   2032: .Sx \&It
                   2033: are interpreted within the scope of the last phrase.
                   2034: Calling the pseudo-macro
                   2035: .Sq \&Ta
                   2036: will open a new phrase scope (this must occur on a macro line to be
1.138     kristaps 2037: interpreted as a macro).
                   2038: Note that the tab phrase delimiter may only be used within the
1.114     kristaps 2039: .Sx \&It
                   2040: line itself.
                   2041: Subsequent this, only the
                   2042: .Sq \&Ta
                   2043: pseudo-macro may be used to delimit phrases.
1.124     kristaps 2044: Furthermore, note that quoted sections propagate over tab-delimited
1.114     kristaps 2045: phrases on an
                   2046: .Sx \&It ,
                   2047: for example,
                   2048: .Pp
1.121     kristaps 2049: .D1 .It \(dqcol1 ; <TAB> col2 ;\(dq \&;
1.114     kristaps 2050: .Pp
                   2051: will preserve the semicolon whitespace except for the last.
                   2052: .Pp
                   2053: See also
                   2054: .Sx \&Bl .
1.63      kristaps 2055: .Ss \&Lb
1.109     kristaps 2056: Specify a library.
1.120     kristaps 2057: The syntax is as follows:
1.109     kristaps 2058: .Pp
1.120     kristaps 2059: .D1 Pf \. Sx \&Lb Cm library
1.109     kristaps 2060: .Pp
                   2061: The
                   2062: .Cm library
                   2063: parameter may be a system library, such as
                   2064: .Cm libz
                   2065: or
                   2066: .Cm libpam ,
                   2067: in which case a small library description is printed next to the linker
                   2068: invocation; or a custom library, in which case the library name is
                   2069: printed in quotes.
                   2070: This is most commonly used in the
                   2071: .Em SYNOPSIS
                   2072: section as described in
                   2073: .Sx MANUAL STRUCTURE .
                   2074: .Pp
                   2075: Examples:
                   2076: .D1 \&.Lb libz
                   2077: .D1 \&.Lb mdoc
1.63      kristaps 2078: .Ss \&Li
1.131     kristaps 2079: Denotes text that should be in a literal font mode.
                   2080: Note that this is a presentation term and should not be used for
                   2081: stylistically decorating technical terms.
1.138     kristaps 2082: .Pp
                   2083: See also
                   2084: .Sx \&Bf ,
                   2085: .Sx \&Sy ,
                   2086: and
                   2087: .Sx \&Em .
1.63      kristaps 2088: .Ss \&Lk
1.100     kristaps 2089: Format a hyperlink.
1.120     kristaps 2090: Its syntax is as follows:
1.70      kristaps 2091: .Pp
1.120     kristaps 2092: .D1 Pf \. Sx \&Lk Cm uri Op Cm name
1.70      kristaps 2093: .Pp
                   2094: Examples:
1.91      kristaps 2095: .D1 \&.Lk http://bsd.lv "The BSD.lv Project"
                   2096: .D1 \&.Lk http://bsd.lv
1.70      kristaps 2097: .Pp
                   2098: See also
                   2099: .Sx \&Mt .
1.63      kristaps 2100: .Ss \&Lp
1.132     kristaps 2101: Synonym for
                   2102: .Sx \&Pp .
1.63      kristaps 2103: .Ss \&Ms
1.138     kristaps 2104: Display a mathematical symbol.
1.140   ! kristaps 2105: Its syntax is as follows:
        !          2106: .Pp
        !          2107: .D1 Pf \. Sx \&Ms Cm symbol
1.138     kristaps 2108: .Pp
                   2109: Examples:
                   2110: .D1 \&.Ms sigma
                   2111: .D1 \&.Ms aleph
1.63      kristaps 2112: .Ss \&Mt
1.116     kristaps 2113: Format a
1.138     kristaps 2114: .Dq mailto:
1.116     kristaps 2115: hyperlink.
1.120     kristaps 2116: Its syntax is as follows:
1.116     kristaps 2117: .Pp
1.120     kristaps 2118: .D1 Pf \. Sx \&Mt Cm address
1.116     kristaps 2119: .Pp
                   2120: Examples:
                   2121: .D1 \&.Mt discuss@manpages.bsd.lv
1.63      kristaps 2122: .Ss \&Nd
1.132     kristaps 2123: A one-line description of the manual's content.
                   2124: This may only be invoked in the
                   2125: .Em SYNOPSIS
                   2126: section subsequent the
                   2127: .Sx \&Nm
                   2128: macro.
                   2129: .Pp
                   2130: Examples:
                   2131: .D1 \&.Sx \&Nd mdoc language reference
                   2132: .D1 \&.Sx \&Nd format and display UNIX manuals
                   2133: .Pp
                   2134: The
                   2135: .Sx \&Nd
                   2136: macro technically accepts child macros and terminates with a subsequent
                   2137: .Sx \&Sh
                   2138: invocation.
                   2139: Do not assume this behaviour: some
                   2140: .Xr whatis 1
                   2141: database generators are not smart enough to parse more than the line
                   2142: arguments and will display macros verbatim.
                   2143: .Pp
                   2144: See also
                   2145: .Sx \&Nm .
1.63      kristaps 2146: .Ss \&Nm
1.128     schwarze 2147: The name of the manual page, or \(em in particular in section 1, 6,
                   2148: and 8 pages \(em of an additional command or feature documented in
                   2149: the manual page.
                   2150: When first invoked, the
                   2151: .Sx \&Nm
                   2152: macro expects a single argument, the name of the manual page.
                   2153: Usually, the first invocation happens in the
                   2154: .Em NAME
                   2155: section of the page.
                   2156: The specified name will be remembered and used whenever the macro is
                   2157: called again without arguments later in the page.
                   2158: The
                   2159: .Sx \&Nm
                   2160: macro uses
                   2161: .Sx Block full-implicit
                   2162: semantics when invoked as the first macro on an input line in the
                   2163: .Em SYNOPSIS
                   2164: section; otherwise, it uses ordinary
                   2165: .Sx In-line
                   2166: semantics.
                   2167: .Pp
                   2168: Examples:
                   2169: .Bd -literal -offset indent
                   2170: \&.Sh SYNOPSIS
                   2171: \&.Nm cat
                   2172: \&.Op Fl benstuv
                   2173: \&.Op Ar
                   2174: .Ed
                   2175: .Pp
                   2176: In the
                   2177: .Em SYNOPSIS
                   2178: of section 2, 3 and 9 manual pages, use the
                   2179: .Sx \&Fn
                   2180: macro rather than
                   2181: .Sx \&Nm
                   2182: to mark up the name of the manual page.
1.63      kristaps 2183: .Ss \&No
1.132     kristaps 2184: A
1.138     kristaps 2185: .Dq noop
1.132     kristaps 2186: macro used to terminate prior macro contexts.
                   2187: .Pp
                   2188: Examples:
                   2189: .D1 \&.Sx \&Fl ab \&No cd \&Fl ef
1.63      kristaps 2190: .Ss \&Ns
1.138     kristaps 2191: Suppress a space.
                   2192: Following invocation, text is interpreted as free-form text until a
                   2193: macro is encountered.
                   2194: .Pp
                   2195: Examples:
                   2196: .D1 \&.Fl o \&Ns \&Ar output
                   2197: .Pp
                   2198: See also
                   2199: .Sx \&No
                   2200: and
                   2201: .Sx \&Sm .
1.63      kristaps 2202: .Ss \&Nx
1.65      kristaps 2203: Format the NetBSD version provided as an argument, or a default value if
                   2204: no argument is provided.
                   2205: .Pp
                   2206: Examples:
1.91      kristaps 2207: .D1 \&.Nx 5.01
                   2208: .D1 \&.Nx
1.65      kristaps 2209: .Pp
                   2210: See also
                   2211: .Sx \&At ,
1.66      kristaps 2212: .Sx \&Bsx ,
1.65      kristaps 2213: .Sx \&Bx ,
1.66      kristaps 2214: .Sx \&Dx ,
1.65      kristaps 2215: .Sx \&Fx ,
                   2216: .Sx \&Ox ,
                   2217: and
                   2218: .Sx \&Ux .
1.63      kristaps 2219: .Ss \&Oc
1.132     kristaps 2220: Closes multi-line
                   2221: .Sx \&Oo
                   2222: context.
1.63      kristaps 2223: .Ss \&Oo
1.132     kristaps 2224: Multi-line version of
                   2225: .Sx \&Op .
                   2226: .Pp
                   2227: Examples:
1.138     kristaps 2228: .Bd -literal -offset indent -compact
1.132     kristaps 2229: \&.Oo
                   2230: \&.Op Fl flag Ns Ar value
                   2231: \&.Oc
                   2232: .Ed
1.63      kristaps 2233: .Ss \&Op
1.132     kristaps 2234: Command-line option.
                   2235: Used when listing options to command-line utilities.
                   2236: Prints the argument(s) in brackets.
                   2237: .Pp
                   2238: Examples:
                   2239: .D1 \&.Op \&Fl a \&Ar b
                   2240: .D1 \&.Op \&Ar a | b
                   2241: .Pp
                   2242: See also
                   2243: .Sx \&Oo .
1.63      kristaps 2244: .Ss \&Os
1.100     kristaps 2245: Document operating system version.
                   2246: This is the mandatory third macro of
1.66      kristaps 2247: any
                   2248: .Nm
1.120     kristaps 2249: file.
                   2250: Its syntax is as follows:
1.66      kristaps 2251: .Pp
1.120     kristaps 2252: .D1 Pf \. Sx \&Os Op Cm system
1.66      kristaps 2253: .Pp
                   2254: The optional
                   2255: .Cm system
1.100     kristaps 2256: parameter specifies the relevant operating system or environment.
                   2257: Left unspecified, it defaults to the local operating system version.
                   2258: This is the suggested form.
1.66      kristaps 2259: .Pp
                   2260: Examples:
1.91      kristaps 2261: .D1 \&.Os
                   2262: .D1 \&.Os KTH/CSC/TCS
                   2263: .D1 \&.Os BSD 4.3
1.66      kristaps 2264: .Pp
                   2265: See also
                   2266: .Sx \&Dd
                   2267: and
                   2268: .Sx \&Dt .
1.63      kristaps 2269: .Ss \&Ot
1.66      kristaps 2270: Unknown usage.
                   2271: .Pp
                   2272: .Em Remarks :
                   2273: this macro has been deprecated.
1.63      kristaps 2274: .Ss \&Ox
1.65      kristaps 2275: Format the OpenBSD version provided as an argument, or a default value
                   2276: if no argument is provided.
                   2277: .Pp
                   2278: Examples:
1.91      kristaps 2279: .D1 \&.Ox 4.5
                   2280: .D1 \&.Ox
1.65      kristaps 2281: .Pp
                   2282: See also
                   2283: .Sx \&At ,
                   2284: .Sx \&Bsx ,
                   2285: .Sx \&Bx ,
1.66      kristaps 2286: .Sx \&Dx ,
1.65      kristaps 2287: .Sx \&Fx ,
                   2288: .Sx \&Nx ,
                   2289: and
                   2290: .Sx \&Ux .
1.63      kristaps 2291: .Ss \&Pa
1.132     kristaps 2292: A file-system path.
                   2293: .Pp
                   2294: Examples:
                   2295: .D1 \&.Pa /usr/bin/mandoc
                   2296: .D1 \&.Pa /usr/share/man/man7/mdoc.7
                   2297: .Pp
                   2298: See also
                   2299: .Sx \&Lk .
1.63      kristaps 2300: .Ss \&Pc
1.132     kristaps 2301: Close parenthesised context opened by
                   2302: .Sx \&Po .
1.63      kristaps 2303: .Ss \&Pf
1.132     kristaps 2304: Removes the space
1.138     kristaps 2305: .Pq Dq prefix
1.132     kristaps 2306: between its arguments.
                   2307: Its syntax is as follows:
                   2308: .Pp
                   2309: .D1 Pf \. \&Pf Cm prefix suffix
                   2310: .Pp
                   2311: The
                   2312: .Cm suffix
                   2313: argument may be a macro.
                   2314: .Pp
                   2315: Examples:
                   2316: .D1 \&.Pf \e. \&Sx \&Pf \&Cm prefix suffix
1.63      kristaps 2317: .Ss \&Po
1.132     kristaps 2318: Multi-line version of
                   2319: .Sx \&Pq .
1.63      kristaps 2320: .Ss \&Pp
1.132     kristaps 2321: Break a paragraph.
                   2322: This will assert vertical space between prior and subsequent macros
                   2323: and/or text.
1.63      kristaps 2324: .Ss \&Pq
1.132     kristaps 2325: Parenthesised enclosure.
                   2326: .Pp
                   2327: See also
                   2328: .Sx \&Po .
1.63      kristaps 2329: .Ss \&Qc
1.138     kristaps 2330: Close quoted context opened by
                   2331: .Sx \&Qo .
1.63      kristaps 2332: .Ss \&Ql
1.138     kristaps 2333: Format a single-quoted literal.
                   2334: See also
                   2335: .Sx \&Qq
                   2336: and
                   2337: .Sx \&Sq .
1.63      kristaps 2338: .Ss \&Qo
1.138     kristaps 2339: Multi-line version of
                   2340: .Sx \&Qq .
1.63      kristaps 2341: .Ss \&Qq
1.138     kristaps 2342: Encloses its arguments in
                   2343: .Dq typewriter
                   2344: double-quotes.
                   2345: Consider using
                   2346: .Sx \&Dq .
                   2347: .Pp
                   2348: See also
                   2349: .Sx \&Dq ,
                   2350: .Sx \&Sq ,
                   2351: and
                   2352: .Sx \&Qo .
1.63      kristaps 2353: .Ss \&Re
                   2354: Closes a
                   2355: .Sx \&Rs
1.100     kristaps 2356: block.
                   2357: Does not have any tail arguments.
1.63      kristaps 2358: .Ss \&Rs
                   2359: Begins a bibliographic
                   2360: .Pq Dq reference
1.100     kristaps 2361: block.
                   2362: Does not have any head arguments.
                   2363: The block macro may only contain
1.63      kristaps 2364: .Sx \&%A ,
                   2365: .Sx \&%B ,
                   2366: .Sx \&%C ,
                   2367: .Sx \&%D ,
                   2368: .Sx \&%I ,
                   2369: .Sx \&%J ,
                   2370: .Sx \&%N ,
                   2371: .Sx \&%O ,
                   2372: .Sx \&%P ,
                   2373: .Sx \&%Q ,
                   2374: .Sx \&%R ,
                   2375: .Sx \&%T ,
1.120     kristaps 2376: .Sx \&%U ,
1.63      kristaps 2377: and
                   2378: .Sx \&%V
                   2379: child macros (at least one must be specified).
                   2380: .Pp
1.64      kristaps 2381: Examples:
1.91      kristaps 2382: .Bd -literal -offset indent -compact
1.63      kristaps 2383: \&.Rs
                   2384: \&.%A J. E. Hopcroft
                   2385: \&.%A J. D. Ullman
                   2386: \&.%B Introduction to Automata Theory, Languages, and Computation
                   2387: \&.%I Addison-Wesley
                   2388: \&.%C Reading, Massachusettes
                   2389: \&.%D 1979
                   2390: \&.Re
                   2391: .Ed
                   2392: .Pp
                   2393: If an
                   2394: .Sx \&Rs
                   2395: block is used within a SEE ALSO section, a vertical space is asserted
                   2396: before the rendered output, else the block continues on the current
                   2397: line.
                   2398: .Ss \&Rv
1.139     kristaps 2399: Inserts text regarding a function call's return value.
                   2400: This macro must consist of the
                   2401: .Fl std
                   2402: argument followed by an optional
                   2403: .Ar function .
                   2404: If
                   2405: .Ar function
                   2406: is not provided, the document's name as stipulated by the first
                   2407: .Sx \&Nm
                   2408: is provided.
                   2409: .Pp
                   2410: See also
                   2411: .Sx \&Ex .
1.63      kristaps 2412: .Ss \&Sc
1.138     kristaps 2413: Close single-quoted context opened by
                   2414: .Sx \&So .
1.63      kristaps 2415: .Ss \&Sh
1.138     kristaps 2416: Begin a new section.
                   2417: For a list of conventional manual sections, see
                   2418: .Sx MANUAL STRUCTURE .
                   2419: These sections should be used unless it's absolutely necessary that
                   2420: custom sections be used.
                   2421: .Pp
                   2422: Section names should be unique so that they may be keyed by
                   2423: .Sx \&Sx .
                   2424: .Pp
                   2425: See also
                   2426: .Sx \&Pp ,
                   2427: .Sx \&Ss ,
                   2428: and
                   2429: .Sx \&Sx .
1.63      kristaps 2430: .Ss \&Sm
1.134     schwarze 2431: Switches the spacing mode for output generated from macros.
                   2432: Its syntax is as follows:
                   2433: .Pp
                   2434: .D1 Pf \. Sx \&Sm Cm on | off
                   2435: .Pp
                   2436: By default, spacing is
                   2437: .Cm on .
                   2438: When switched
                   2439: .Cm off ,
                   2440: no white space is inserted between macro arguments and between the
                   2441: output generated from adjacent macros, but free-form text lines
                   2442: still get normal spacing between words and sentences.
1.63      kristaps 2443: .Ss \&So
1.138     kristaps 2444: Multi-line version of
                   2445: .Sx \&Sq .
1.63      kristaps 2446: .Ss \&Sq
1.138     kristaps 2447: Encloses its arguments in
                   2448: .Dq typewriter
                   2449: single-quotes.
                   2450: .Pp
                   2451: See also
                   2452: .Sx \&Dq ,
                   2453: .Sx \&Qq ,
                   2454: and
                   2455: .Sx \&So .
1.63      kristaps 2456: .Ss \&Ss
1.138     kristaps 2457: Begin a new sub-section.
                   2458: Unlike with
                   2459: .Sx \&Sh ,
                   2460: there's no convention for sub-sections.
                   2461: Conventional sections, as described in
                   2462: .Sx MANUAL STRUCTURE ,
                   2463: rarely have sub-sections.
                   2464: .Pp
                   2465: Sub-section names should be unique so that they may be keyed by
                   2466: .Sx \&Sx .
                   2467: .Pp
                   2468: See also
                   2469: .Sx \&Pp ,
                   2470: .Sx \&Sh ,
                   2471: and
                   2472: .Sx \&Sx .
1.63      kristaps 2473: .Ss \&St
1.139     kristaps 2474: Replace an abbreviation for a standard with the full form.
                   2475: The following standards are recognised:
                   2476: .Pp
                   2477: .Bl -tag -width "-p1003.1g-2000X" -compact
                   2478: .It \-p1003.1-88
                   2479: .St -p1003.1-88
                   2480: .It \-p1003.1-90
                   2481: .St -p1003.1-90
                   2482: .It \-p1003.1-96
                   2483: .St -p1003.1-96
                   2484: .It \-p1003.1-2001
                   2485: .St -p1003.1-2001
                   2486: .It \-p1003.1-2004
                   2487: .St -p1003.1-2004
                   2488: .It \-p1003.1-2008
                   2489: .St -p1003.1-2008
                   2490: .It \-p1003.1
                   2491: .St -p1003.1
                   2492: .It \-p1003.1b
                   2493: .St -p1003.1b
                   2494: .It \-p1003.1b-93
                   2495: .St -p1003.1b-93
                   2496: .It \-p1003.1c-95
                   2497: .St -p1003.1c-95
                   2498: .It \-p1003.1g-2000
                   2499: .St -p1003.1g-2000
                   2500: .It \-p1003.1i-95
                   2501: .St -p1003.1i-95
                   2502: .It \-p1003.2-92
                   2503: .St -p1003.2-92
                   2504: .It \-p1003.2a-92
                   2505: .St -p1003.2a-92
                   2506: .It \-p1387.2-95
                   2507: .St -p1387.2-95
                   2508: .It \-p1003.2
                   2509: .St -p1003.2
                   2510: .It \-p1387.2
                   2511: .St -p1387.2
                   2512: .It \-isoC
                   2513: .St -isoC
                   2514: .It \-isoC-90
                   2515: .St -isoC-90
                   2516: .It \-isoC-amd1
                   2517: .St -isoC-amd1
                   2518: .It \-isoC-tcor1
                   2519: .St -isoC-tcor1
                   2520: .It \-isoC-tcor2
                   2521: .St -isoC-tcor2
                   2522: .It \-isoC-99
                   2523: .St -isoC-99
                   2524: .It \-iso9945-1-90
                   2525: .St -iso9945-1-90
                   2526: .It \-iso9945-1-96
                   2527: .St -iso9945-1-96
                   2528: .It \-iso9945-2-93
                   2529: .St -iso9945-2-93
                   2530: .It \-ansiC
                   2531: .St -ansiC
                   2532: .It \-ansiC-89
                   2533: .St -ansiC-89
                   2534: .It \-ansiC-99
                   2535: .St -ansiC-99
                   2536: .It \-ieee754
                   2537: .St -ieee754
                   2538: .It \-iso8802-3
                   2539: .St -iso8802-3
                   2540: .It \-ieee1275-94
                   2541: .St -ieee1275-94
                   2542: .It \-xpg3
                   2543: .St -xpg3
                   2544: .It \-xpg4
                   2545: .St -xpg4
                   2546: .It \-xpg4.2
                   2547: .St -xpg4.2
                   2548: .St -xpg4.3
                   2549: .It \-xbd5
                   2550: .St -xbd5
                   2551: .It \-xcu5
                   2552: .St -xcu5
                   2553: .It \-xsh5
                   2554: .St -xsh5
                   2555: .It \-xns5
                   2556: .St -xns5
                   2557: .It \-xns5.2
                   2558: .St -xns5.2
                   2559: .It \-xns5.2d2.0
                   2560: .St -xns5.2d2.0
                   2561: .It \-xcurses4.2
                   2562: .St -xcurses4.2
                   2563: .It \-susv2
                   2564: .St -susv2
                   2565: .It \-susv3
                   2566: .St -susv3
                   2567: .It \-svid4
                   2568: .St -svid4
                   2569: .El
1.63      kristaps 2570: .Ss \&Sx
1.138     kristaps 2571: Reference a section or sub-section.
                   2572: The referenced section or sub-section name must be identical to the
                   2573: enclosed argument, including whitespace.
                   2574: .Pp
                   2575: Examples:
                   2576: .D1 \&.Sx MANUAL STRUCTURE
1.63      kristaps 2577: .Ss \&Sy
1.138     kristaps 2578: Format enclosed arguments in symbolic
                   2579: .Pq Dq boldface .
                   2580: Note that this is a presentation term and should not be used for
                   2581: stylistically decorating technical terms.
                   2582: .Pp
                   2583: See also
                   2584: .Sx \&Bf ,
                   2585: .Sx \&Li ,
                   2586: and
                   2587: .Sx \&Em .
1.63      kristaps 2588: .Ss \&Tn
1.138     kristaps 2589: Format a tradename.
                   2590: .Pp
                   2591: Examples:
1.139     kristaps 2592: .D1 \&.Tn IBM
1.63      kristaps 2593: .Ss \&Ud
1.110     kristaps 2594: Prints out
                   2595: .Dq currently under development.
1.63      kristaps 2596: .Ss \&Ux
1.100     kristaps 2597: Format the UNIX name.
                   2598: Accepts no argument.
1.65      kristaps 2599: .Pp
                   2600: Examples:
1.91      kristaps 2601: .D1 \&.Ux
1.65      kristaps 2602: .Pp
                   2603: See also
                   2604: .Sx \&At ,
1.66      kristaps 2605: .Sx \&Bsx ,
1.65      kristaps 2606: .Sx \&Bx ,
1.66      kristaps 2607: .Sx \&Dx ,
1.65      kristaps 2608: .Sx \&Fx ,
                   2609: .Sx \&Nx ,
                   2610: and
                   2611: .Sx \&Ox .
1.63      kristaps 2612: .Ss \&Va
1.132     kristaps 2613: A variable name.
                   2614: .Pp
                   2615: Examples:
                   2616: .D1 \&.Va foo
                   2617: .D1 \&.Va const char *bar ;
1.63      kristaps 2618: .Ss \&Vt
1.100     kristaps 2619: A variable type.
1.122     kristaps 2620: This is also used for indicating global variables in the
                   2621: .Em SYNOPSIS
1.100     kristaps 2622: section, in which case a variable name is also specified.
                   2623: Note that it accepts
1.83      kristaps 2624: .Sx Block partial-implicit
1.123     kristaps 2625: syntax when invoked as the first macro in the
1.122     kristaps 2626: .Em SYNOPSIS
                   2627: section, else it accepts ordinary
1.83      kristaps 2628: .Sx In-line
                   2629: syntax.
                   2630: .Pp
                   2631: Note that this should not be confused with
                   2632: .Sx \&Ft ,
                   2633: which is used for function return types.
                   2634: .Pp
                   2635: Examples:
1.91      kristaps 2636: .D1 \&.Vt unsigned char
1.121     kristaps 2637: .D1 \&.Vt extern const char * const sys_signame[] \&;
1.83      kristaps 2638: .Pp
                   2639: See also
1.122     kristaps 2640: .Sx MANUAL STRUCTURE
1.83      kristaps 2641: and
                   2642: .Sx \&Va .
1.84      kristaps 2643: .Ss \&Xc
1.87      kristaps 2644: Close a scope opened by
                   2645: .Sx \&Xo .
1.84      kristaps 2646: .Ss \&Xo
1.100     kristaps 2647: Open an extension scope.
                   2648: This macro originally existed to extend the 9-argument limit of troff;
                   2649: since this limit has been lifted, the macro has been deprecated.
1.84      kristaps 2650: .Ss \&Xr
                   2651: Link to another manual
                   2652: .Pq Qq cross-reference .
1.120     kristaps 2653: Its syntax is as follows:
1.84      kristaps 2654: .Pp
1.120     kristaps 2655: .D1 Pf \. Sx \&Xr Cm name section
1.84      kristaps 2656: .Pp
                   2657: The
                   2658: .Cm name
                   2659: and
                   2660: .Cm section
1.100     kristaps 2661: are the name and section of the linked manual.
                   2662: If
1.84      kristaps 2663: .Cm section
                   2664: is followed by non-punctuation, an
                   2665: .Sx \&Ns
1.100     kristaps 2666: is inserted into the token stream.
                   2667: This behaviour is for compatibility with
1.84      kristaps 2668: .Xr groff 1 .
                   2669: .Pp
                   2670: Examples:
1.91      kristaps 2671: .D1 \&.Xr mandoc 1
1.121     kristaps 2672: .D1 \&.Xr mandoc 1 \&;
1.91      kristaps 2673: .D1 \&.Xr mandoc 1 \&Ns s behaviour
1.84      kristaps 2674: .Ss \&br
1.140   ! kristaps 2675: Emits a line-break.
        !          2676: This macro should not be used; it is implemented for compatibility with
        !          2677: historical manuals.
        !          2678: .Pp
        !          2679: Consider using
        !          2680: .Sx \&Pp
        !          2681: in the event of natural paragraph breaks.
1.84      kristaps 2682: .Ss \&sp
1.140   ! kristaps 2683: Emits vertical space.
        !          2684: This macro should not be used; it is implemented for compatibility with
        !          2685: historical manuals.
        !          2686: Its syntax is as follows:
        !          2687: .Pp
        !          2688: .D1 Pf \. Sx \&sp Op Cm height
        !          2689: .Pp
        !          2690: The
        !          2691: .Cm height
        !          2692: argument must be formatted as described in
        !          2693: .Sx Scaling Widths .
        !          2694: If unspecified,
        !          2695: .Sx \&sp
        !          2696: asserts a single vertical space.
1.4       kristaps 2697: .Sh COMPATIBILITY
1.93      kristaps 2698: This section documents compatibility between mandoc and other other
                   2699: troff implementations, at this time limited to GNU troff
                   2700: .Pq Qq groff .
1.50      kristaps 2701: The term
1.57      kristaps 2702: .Qq historic groff
1.93      kristaps 2703: refers to groff versions before the
1.57      kristaps 2704: .Pa doc.tmac
1.50      kristaps 2705: file re-write
1.57      kristaps 2706: .Pq somewhere between 1.15 and 1.19 .
                   2707: .Pp
1.93      kristaps 2708: Heirloom troff, the other significant troff implementation accepting
                   2709: \-mdoc, is similar to historic groff.
                   2710: .Pp
1.57      kristaps 2711: .Bl -dash -compact
1.125     kristaps 2712: .It
1.137     kristaps 2713: The \es (font size), \em (font colour), and \eM (font filling colour)
                   2714: font decoration escapes are all discarded in mandoc.
                   2715: .It
1.126     kristaps 2716: Old groff fails to assert a newline before
                   2717: .Sx \&Bd Fl ragged compact .
1.119     kristaps 2718: .It
1.120     kristaps 2719: groff behaves inconsistently when encountering
                   2720: .Pf non- Sx \&Fa
                   2721: children of
                   2722: .Sx \&Fo
                   2723: regarding spacing between arguments.
                   2724: In mandoc, this is not the case: each argument is consistently followed
                   2725: by a single space and the trailing
                   2726: .Sq \&)
                   2727: suppresses prior spacing.
                   2728: .It
                   2729: groff behaves inconsistently when encountering
                   2730: .Sx \&Ft
                   2731: and
                   2732: .Sx \&Fn
                   2733: in the
                   2734: .Em SYNOPSIS :
1.124     kristaps 2735: at times newline(s) are suppressed depending on whether a prior
1.120     kristaps 2736: .Sx \&Fn
                   2737: has been invoked.
                   2738: In mandoc, this is not the case.
                   2739: See
                   2740: .Sx \&Ft
                   2741: and
                   2742: .Sx \&Fn
                   2743: for the normalised behaviour.
                   2744: .It
1.119     kristaps 2745: Historic groff does not break before an
                   2746: .Sx \&Fn
                   2747: when not invoked as the line macro in the
                   2748: .Em SYNOPSIS
                   2749: section.
1.118     kristaps 2750: .It
                   2751: Historic groff formats the
                   2752: .Sx \&In
                   2753: badly: trailing arguments are trashed and
                   2754: .Em SYNOPSIS
                   2755: is not specially treated.
1.115     kristaps 2756: .It
                   2757: groff does not accept the
                   2758: .Sq \&Ta
                   2759: pseudo-macro as a line macro.
                   2760: mandoc does.
1.57      kristaps 2761: .It
1.81      kristaps 2762: The comment syntax
1.137     kristaps 2763: .Sq \e\."
1.81      kristaps 2764: is no longer accepted.
                   2765: .It
1.93      kristaps 2766: In groff, the
1.80      kristaps 2767: .Sx \&Pa
                   2768: macro does not format its arguments when used in the FILES section under
1.100     kristaps 2769: certain list types.
                   2770: mandoc does.
1.80      kristaps 2771: .It
1.93      kristaps 2772: Historic groff does not print a dash for empty
1.79      kristaps 2773: .Sx \&Fl
1.100     kristaps 2774: arguments.
                   2775: mandoc and newer groff implementations do.
1.79      kristaps 2776: .It
1.93      kristaps 2777: groff behaves irregularly when specifying
1.77      kristaps 2778: .Sq \ef
1.93      kristaps 2779: .Sx Text Decoration
1.100     kristaps 2780: within line-macro scopes.
                   2781: mandoc follows a consistent system.
1.77      kristaps 2782: .It
1.93      kristaps 2783: In mandoc, negative scaling units are truncated to zero; groff would
1.100     kristaps 2784: move to prior lines.
                   2785: Furthermore, the
1.61      kristaps 2786: .Sq f
                   2787: scaling unit, while accepted, is rendered as the default unit.
                   2788: .It
1.48      kristaps 2789: In quoted literals, groff allowed pair-wise double-quotes to produce a
1.100     kristaps 2790: standalone double-quote in formatted output.
                   2791: This idiosyncratic behaviour is not applicable in mandoc.
1.57      kristaps 2792: .It
1.126     kristaps 2793: Display offsets
1.78      kristaps 2794: .Sx \&Bd
1.126     kristaps 2795: .Fl offset Ar center
1.64      kristaps 2796: and
1.126     kristaps 2797: .Fl offset Ar right
                   2798: are disregarded in mandoc.
1.131     kristaps 2799: Furthermore, troff specifies a
1.64      kristaps 2800: .Fl file Ar file
1.131     kristaps 2801: argument that is not supported in mandoc.
1.100     kristaps 2802: Lastly, since text is not right-justified in mandoc (or even groff),
1.64      kristaps 2803: .Fl ragged
                   2804: and
                   2805: .Fl filled
                   2806: are aliases, as are
                   2807: .Fl literal
                   2808: and
                   2809: .Fl unfilled .
1.57      kristaps 2810: .It
1.100     kristaps 2811: Historic groff has many un-callable macros.
                   2812: Most of these (excluding some block-level macros) are now callable.
1.57      kristaps 2813: .It
1.50      kristaps 2814: The vertical bar
1.57      kristaps 2815: .Sq \(ba
1.28      kristaps 2816: made historic groff
1.57      kristaps 2817: .Qq go orbital
1.93      kristaps 2818: but has been a proper delimiter since then.
1.57      kristaps 2819: .It
1.93      kristaps 2820: .Sx \&It Fl nested
1.28      kristaps 2821: is assumed for all lists (it wasn't in historic groff): any list may be
                   2822: nested and
1.64      kristaps 2823: .Fl enum
1.4       kristaps 2824: lists will restart the sequence only for the sub-list.
1.57      kristaps 2825: .It
1.4       kristaps 2826: Some manuals use
1.64      kristaps 2827: .Sx \&Li
1.4       kristaps 2828: incorrectly by following it with a reserved character and expecting the
1.100     kristaps 2829: delimiter to render.
                   2830: This is not supported in mandoc.
1.93      kristaps 2831: .It
                   2832: In groff, the
                   2833: .Sx \&Cd ,
                   2834: .Sx \&Er ,
1.106     kristaps 2835: .Sx \&Ex ,
1.93      kristaps 2836: and
1.106     kristaps 2837: .Sx \&Rv
1.100     kristaps 2838: macros were stipulated only to occur in certain manual sections.
                   2839: mandoc does not have these restrictions.
1.105     kristaps 2840: .It
                   2841: Newer groff and mandoc print
                   2842: .Qq AT&T UNIX
                   2843: prior to unknown arguments of
                   2844: .Sx \&At ;
                   2845: older groff did nothing.
1.57      kristaps 2846: .El
1.2       kristaps 2847: .Sh SEE ALSO
1.57      kristaps 2848: .Xr mandoc 1 ,
                   2849: .Xr mandoc_char 7
1.2       kristaps 2850: .Sh AUTHORS
                   2851: The
1.57      kristaps 2852: .Nm
1.50      kristaps 2853: reference was written by
1.94      kristaps 2854: .An Kristaps Dzonsons Aq kristaps@bsd.lv .

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