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Annotation of mandoc/mdoc.7, Revision 1.69

1.69    ! kristaps    1: .\"    $Id: mdoc.7,v 1.68 2009/10/22 10:36:20 kristaps Exp $
1.1       kristaps    2: .\"
1.23      kristaps    3: .\" Copyright (c) 2009 Kristaps Dzonsons <kristaps@kth.se>
1.1       kristaps    4: .\"
                      5: .\" Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any
1.22      kristaps    6: .\" purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
                      7: .\" copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.
1.1       kristaps    8: .\"
1.22      kristaps    9: .\" THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES
                     10: .\" WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
                     11: .\" MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR
                     12: .\" ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES
                     13: .\" WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN
                     14: .\" ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF
                     15: .\" OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
1.50      kristaps   16: .\"
1.1       kristaps   17: .Dd $Mdocdate$
1.20      kristaps   18: .Dt MDOC 7
1.1       kristaps   19: .Os
1.56      kristaps   20: .
                     21: .
1.1       kristaps   22: .Sh NAME
1.57      kristaps   23: .Nm mdoc
                     24: .Nd mdoc language reference
1.56      kristaps   25: .
                     26: .
1.1       kristaps   27: .Sh DESCRIPTION
                     28: The
1.57      kristaps   29: .Nm mdoc
1.50      kristaps   30: language is used to format
1.57      kristaps   31: .Bx
                     32: .Ux
1.43      kristaps   33: manuals.  In this reference document, we describe its syntax, structure,
                     34: and usage.  Our reference implementation is
1.57      kristaps   35: .Xr mandoc 1 .
1.28      kristaps   36: The
1.57      kristaps   37: .Sx COMPATIBILITY
1.50      kristaps   38: section describes compatibility with
1.57      kristaps   39: .Xr groff 1 .
                     40: .
                     41: .Pp
1.13      kristaps   42: An
1.57      kristaps   43: .Nm
1.1       kristaps   44: document follows simple rules:  lines beginning with the control
1.50      kristaps   45: character
1.57      kristaps   46: .Sq \.
1.1       kristaps   47: are parsed for macros.  Other lines are interpreted within the scope of
1.13      kristaps   48: prior macros:
1.57      kristaps   49: .Bd -literal -offset indent
1.13      kristaps   50: \&.Sh Macro lines change control state.
                     51: Other lines are interpreted within the current state.
1.57      kristaps   52: .Ed
1.56      kristaps   53: .
                     54: .
1.46      kristaps   55: .Sh LANGUAGE SYNTAX
1.57      kristaps   56: .Nm
1.13      kristaps   57: documents may contain only graphable 7-bit ASCII characters, the space
1.43      kristaps   58: character, and, in certain circumstances, the tab character.  All
                     59: manuals must have
1.57      kristaps   60: .Ux
1.50      kristaps   61: line terminators.
1.56      kristaps   62: .
                     63: .
1.57      kristaps   64: .Ss Comments
1.43      kristaps   65: Text following a
1.57      kristaps   66: .Sq \e" ,
1.43      kristaps   67: whether in a macro or free-form text line, is ignored to the end of
                     68: line.  A macro line with only a control character and comment escape,
1.57      kristaps   69: .Sq \&.\e" ,
1.58      kristaps   70: is also ignored.  Macro lines with only a control charater and optionally
                     71: whitespace are stripped from input.
1.56      kristaps   72: .
                     73: .
1.57      kristaps   74: .Ss Reserved Characters
1.2       kristaps   75: Within a macro line, the following characters are reserved:
1.61      kristaps   76: .Pp
1.57      kristaps   77: .Bl -tag -width Ds -offset indent -compact
                     78: .It \&.
                     79: .Pq period
                     80: .It \&,
                     81: .Pq comma
                     82: .It \&:
                     83: .Pq colon
                     84: .It \&;
                     85: .Pq semicolon
                     86: .It \&(
                     87: .Pq left-parenthesis
                     88: .It \&)
                     89: .Pq right-parenthesis
                     90: .It \&[
                     91: .Pq left-bracket
                     92: .It \&]
                     93: .Pq right-bracket
                     94: .It \&?
                     95: .Pq question
                     96: .It \&!
                     97: .Pq exclamation
                     98: .It \&|
                     99: .Pq vertical bar
                    100: .El
                    101: .
                    102: .Pp
1.5       kristaps  103: Use of reserved characters is described in
1.57      kristaps  104: .Sx MACRO SYNTAX .
1.43      kristaps  105: For general use in macro lines, these characters must either be escaped
                    106: with a non-breaking space
1.57      kristaps  107: .Pq Sq \e&
1.50      kristaps  108: or, if applicable, an appropriate escape sequence used.
1.56      kristaps  109: .
                    110: .
1.57      kristaps  111: .Ss Special Characters
1.43      kristaps  112: Special characters may occur in both macro and free-form lines.
                    113: Sequences begin with the escape character
1.57      kristaps  114: .Sq \e
1.50      kristaps  115: followed by either an open-parenthesis
1.57      kristaps  116: .Sq \&(
1.1       kristaps  117: for two-character sequences; an open-bracket
1.57      kristaps  118: .Sq \&[
1.1       kristaps  119: for n-character sequences (terminated at a close-bracket
1.57      kristaps  120: .Sq \&] ) ;
1.43      kristaps  121: or a single one-character sequence.  See
1.57      kristaps  122: .Xr mandoc_char 7
1.50      kristaps  123: for a complete list.  Examples include
1.57      kristaps  124: .Sq \e(em
                    125: .Pq em-dash
1.50      kristaps  126: and
1.57      kristaps  127: .Sq \ee
                    128: .Pq back-slash .
1.56      kristaps  129: .
                    130: .
1.57      kristaps  131: .Ss Text Decoration
1.54      kristaps  132: Terms may be text-decorated using the
1.57      kristaps  133: .Sq \ef
1.43      kristaps  134: escape followed by an indicator: B (bold), I, (italic), or P and R
1.54      kristaps  135: (Roman, or reset).  This form is not recommended for
1.57      kristaps  136: .Nm ,
1.54      kristaps  137: which encourages semantic, not presentation, annotation.
1.56      kristaps  138: .
                    139: .
1.57      kristaps  140: .Ss Predefined Strings
1.54      kristaps  141: Historically,
1.57      kristaps  142: .Xr groff 1
1.54      kristaps  143: also defined a set of package-specific
1.57      kristaps  144: .Dq predefined strings ,
1.54      kristaps  145: which, like
1.57      kristaps  146: .Sx Special Characters ,
1.54      kristaps  147: demark special output characters and strings by way of input codes.
                    148: Predefined strings are escaped with the slash-asterisk,
1.57      kristaps  149: .Sq \e* :
1.54      kristaps  150: single-character
1.57      kristaps  151: .Sq \e*X ,
1.54      kristaps  152: two-character
1.57      kristaps  153: .Sq \e*(XX ,
1.54      kristaps  154: and N-character
1.57      kristaps  155: .Sq \e*[N] .
1.54      kristaps  156: See
1.57      kristaps  157: .Xr mandoc_char 7
1.54      kristaps  158: for a complete list.  Examples include
1.57      kristaps  159: .Sq \e*(Am
                    160: .Pq ampersand
1.54      kristaps  161: and
1.57      kristaps  162: .Sq \e*(Ba
                    163: .Pq vertical bar .
1.56      kristaps  164: .
                    165: .
1.57      kristaps  166: .Ss Whitespace
1.46      kristaps  167: In non-literal free-form lines, consecutive blocks of whitespace are
                    168: pruned from input and added later in the output filter, if applicable:
1.57      kristaps  169: .Bd -literal -offset indent
1.46      kristaps  170: These     spaces   are    pruned       from    input.
1.50      kristaps  171: \&.Bd \-literal
1.46      kristaps  172: These         are              not.
                    173: \&.Ed
1.57      kristaps  174: .Ed
                    175: .
                    176: .Pp
1.46      kristaps  177: In macro lines, whitespace delimits arguments and is discarded.  If
1.47      kristaps  178: arguments are quoted, whitespace within the quotes is retained.
1.57      kristaps  179: .
                    180: .Pp
1.46      kristaps  181: Blank lines are only permitted within literal contexts, as are lines
                    182: containing only whitespace.  Tab characters are only acceptable when
1.50      kristaps  183: delimiting
1.57      kristaps  184: .Sq \&Bl \-column
1.46      kristaps  185: or when in a literal context.
1.56      kristaps  186: .
                    187: .
1.57      kristaps  188: .Ss Quotation
1.46      kristaps  189: Macro arguments may be quoted with a double-quote to group
                    190: space-delimited terms or to retain blocks of whitespace.  A quoted
                    191: argument begins with a double-quote preceded by whitespace.  The next
1.48      kristaps  192: double-quote not pair-wise adjacent to another double-quote terminates
1.50      kristaps  193: the literal, regardless of surrounding whitespace.
1.57      kristaps  194: .
                    195: .Pp
1.50      kristaps  196: This produces tokens
1.57      kristaps  197: .Sq a" ,
                    198: .Sq b c ,
                    199: .Sq de ,
1.47      kristaps  200: and
1.57      kristaps  201: .Sq fg" .
1.47      kristaps  202: Note that any quoted term, be it argument or macro, is indiscriminately
1.50      kristaps  203: considered literal text.  Thus, the following produces
1.57      kristaps  204: .Sq \&Em a :
                    205: .Bd -literal -offset indent
1.47      kristaps  206: \&.Em "Em a"
1.57      kristaps  207: .Ed
                    208: .
                    209: .Pp
1.46      kristaps  210: In free-form mode, quotes are regarded as opaque text.
1.56      kristaps  211: .
1.63      kristaps  212: .Ss Dates
1.66      kristaps  213: There are several macros in
                    214: .Nm
                    215: that require a date argument.  The
                    216: .Em canonical form
                    217: for dates is the American format:
                    218: .Pp
                    219: .D1 Cm Month Day , Year
                    220: .Pp
                    221: The
                    222: .Cm Day
                    223: value is an optionally zero-padded numeral.  The
                    224: .Cm Month
                    225: value is the full month name.  The
                    226: .Cm Year
                    227: value is the full four-digit year.
                    228: .Pp
                    229: The
                    230: .Em non-canonical form
                    231: is the same as the canonical form, but without the comma between the
                    232: .Cm Day
                    233: and
                    234: .Cm Year
                    235: field.
                    236: .Pp
                    237: Lastly,
                    238: .Em reduced form
                    239: dates range from only a
                    240: .Cm Year
                    241: to the full canonical or non-canonical form.
                    242: .Pp
                    243: Some examples of valid dates follow:
                    244: .Pp
                    245: .D1 "May, 2009" Pq reduced form
                    246: .D1 "2009" Pq reduced form
                    247: .D1 "May 20, 2009" Pq canonical form
                    248: .D1 "May 20 2009" Pq non-canonical form
1.63      kristaps  249: .
1.61      kristaps  250: .Ss Scaling Widths
                    251: Many macros support scaled widths for their arguments, such as
                    252: stipulating a two-inch list indentation with the following:
                    253: .Bd -literal -offset indent
                    254: \&.Bl -tag -width 2i
                    255: .Ed
                    256: .
                    257: .Pp
                    258: The syntax for scaled widths is
1.62      kristaps  259: .Sq Li [+-]?[0-9]*.[0-9]*[:unit:] ,
1.61      kristaps  260: where a decimal must be preceded or proceeded by at least one digit.
                    261: Negative numbers, while accepted, are truncated to zero.  The following
                    262: scaling units are accepted:
                    263: .Pp
                    264: .Bl -tag -width Ds -offset indent -compact
                    265: .It c
                    266: centimetre
                    267: .It i
                    268: inch
                    269: .It P
                    270: pica (~1/6 inch)
                    271: .It p
                    272: point (~1/72 inch)
                    273: .It f
                    274: synonym for
                    275: .Sq u
                    276: .It v
                    277: default vertical span
                    278: .It m
                    279: width of rendered
                    280: .Sq m
                    281: .Pq em
                    282: character
                    283: .It n
                    284: width of rendered
                    285: .Sq n
                    286: .Pq en
                    287: character
                    288: .It u
                    289: default horizontal span
                    290: .It M
                    291: mini-em (~1/100 em)
                    292: .El
                    293: .Pp
                    294: Using anything other than
                    295: .Sq m ,
                    296: .Sq n ,
                    297: .Sq u ,
                    298: or
                    299: .Sq v
                    300: is necessarily non-portable across output media.  See
                    301: .Sx COMPATIBILITY .
                    302: .
1.56      kristaps  303: .
1.43      kristaps  304: .Sh MANUAL STRUCTURE
1.66      kristaps  305: A well-formed
1.57      kristaps  306: .Nm
1.66      kristaps  307: document consists of a document prologue followed by one or more
                    308: sections.
                    309: .Pp
                    310: The prologue, which consists of (in order) the
1.64      kristaps  311: .Sx \&Dd ,
                    312: .Sx \&Dt ,
1.33      kristaps  313: and
1.66      kristaps  314: .Sx \&Os
                    315: macros, is required for every document.
                    316: .Pp
                    317: The first section (sections are denoted by
                    318: .Sx \&Sh )
                    319: must be the NAME section, consisting of at least one
1.64      kristaps  320: .Sx \&Nm
1.50      kristaps  321: followed by
1.66      kristaps  322: .Sx \&Nd .
                    323: .Pp
                    324: Following that, convention dictates specifying at least the SYNOPSIS and
                    325: DESCRIPTION sections, although this varies between manual sections.
                    326: .Pp
                    327: The following is a well-formed skeleton
                    328: .Nm
                    329: file:
1.57      kristaps  330: .Bd -literal -offset indent
1.43      kristaps  331: \&.Dd $\&Mdocdate$
                    332: \&.Dt mdoc 7
                    333: \&.Os
1.58      kristaps  334: \&.
1.43      kristaps  335: \&.Sh NAME
1.58      kristaps  336: \&.Nm foo
                    337: \&.Nd a description goes here
                    338: \&.\e\*q The next is for sections 2 & 3 only.
                    339: \&.\e\*q .Sh LIBRARY
                    340: \&.
                    341: \&.Sh SYNOPSIS
                    342: \&.Nm foo
                    343: \&.Op Fl options
                    344: \&.Ar
                    345: \&.
                    346: \&.Sh DESCRIPTION
                    347: The
                    348: \&.Nm
                    349: utility processes files ...
1.59      kristaps  350: \&.\e\*q .Sh IMPLEMENTATION NOTES
1.58      kristaps  351: \&.\e\*q The next is for sections 1 & 8 only.
                    352: \&.\e\*q .Sh EXIT STATUS
                    353: \&.\e\*q The next is for sections 2, 3, & 9 only.
                    354: \&.\e\*q .Sh RETURN VALUES
                    355: \&.\e\*q The next is for sections 1, 6, 7, & 8 only.
                    356: \&.\e\*q .Sh ENVIRONMENT
                    357: \&.\e\*q .Sh FILES
                    358: \&.\e\*q .Sh EXAMPLES
                    359: \&.\e\*q The next is for sections 1, 4, 6, 7, & 8 only.
                    360: \&.\e\*q .Sh DIAGNOSTICS
                    361: \&.\e\*q The next is for sections 2, 3, & 9 only.
                    362: \&.\e\*q .Sh ERRORS
                    363: \&.\e\*q .Sh SEE ALSO
                    364: \&.\e\*q .Xr foobar 1
                    365: \&.\e\*q .Sh STANDARDS
                    366: \&.\e\*q .Sh HISTORY
                    367: \&.\e\*q .Sh AUTHORS
                    368: \&.\e\*q .Sh CAVEATS
                    369: \&.\e\*q .Sh BUGS
                    370: \&.\e\*q .Sh SECURITY CONSIDERATIONS
1.57      kristaps  371: .Ed
                    372: .Pp
1.66      kristaps  373: The sections in a
                    374: .Nm
                    375: document are conventionally ordered as they appear above.  Sections
                    376: should be composed as follows:
                    377: .Bl -tag -width Ds -offset Ds
                    378: .It NAME
                    379: Must contain at least one
                    380: .Sx \&Nm
                    381: followed by
                    382: .Sx \&Nd .
                    383: The name needs re-stating since one
                    384: .Nm
                    385: documents can be used for more than one utility or function, such as
                    386: .Xr grep 1
                    387: also being referenced as
                    388: .Xr egrep 1
                    389: and
                    390: .Xr fgrep 1 .
                    391: .It LIBRARY
                    392: .It SYNOPSIS
                    393: .It DESCRIPTION
                    394: .It IMPLEMENTATION NOTES
                    395: .It EXIT STATUS
                    396: .It RETURN VALUES
                    397: .It ENVIRONMENT
                    398: .It FILES
                    399: .It EXAMPLES
                    400: .It DIAGNOSTICS
                    401: .It ERRORS
                    402: .It SEE ALSO
                    403: .It STANDARDS
                    404: .It HISTORY
                    405: .It AUTHORS
                    406: .It CAVEATS
                    407: .It BUGS
                    408: .It SECURITY CONSIDERATIONS
                    409: .El
1.56      kristaps  410: .
                    411: .
1.43      kristaps  412: .Sh MACRO SYNTAX
1.56      kristaps  413: Macros are one to three three characters in length and begin with a
                    414: control character ,
1.57      kristaps  415: .Sq \&. ,
1.56      kristaps  416: at the beginning of the line.  An arbitrary amount of whitespace may
1.64      kristaps  417: sit between the control character and the macro name.  Thus, the
                    418: following are equivalent:
                    419: .Bd -literal -offset indent
                    420: \&.Pp
                    421: \&.\ \ \ \&Pp
                    422: .Ed
1.57      kristaps  423: .
                    424: .Pp
1.46      kristaps  425: The syntax of a macro depends on its classification.  In this section,
1.57      kristaps  426: .Sq \-arg
1.43      kristaps  427: refers to macro arguments, which may be followed by zero or more
1.57      kristaps  428: .Sq parm
1.43      kristaps  429: parameters;
1.57      kristaps  430: .Sq \&Yo
1.43      kristaps  431: opens the scope of a macro; and if specified,
1.57      kristaps  432: .Sq \&Yc
1.43      kristaps  433: closes it out.
1.57      kristaps  434: .
                    435: .Pp
1.43      kristaps  436: The
1.57      kristaps  437: .Em Callable
1.43      kristaps  438: column indicates that the macro may be called subsequent to the initial
1.55      kristaps  439: line-macro.  If a macro is not callable, then its invocation after the
                    440: initial line macro is interpreted as opaque text, such that
1.60      kristaps  441: .Sq \&.Fl \&Sh
1.55      kristaps  442: produces
1.60      kristaps  443: .Sq Fl \&Sh .
1.57      kristaps  444: .
                    445: .Pp
1.55      kristaps  446: The
1.57      kristaps  447: .Em Parsable
1.43      kristaps  448: column indicates whether the macro may be followed by further
1.55      kristaps  449: (ostensibly callable) macros.  If a macro is not parsable, subsequent
                    450: macro invocations on the line will be interpreted as opaque text.
1.57      kristaps  451: .
                    452: .Pp
1.55      kristaps  453: The
1.57      kristaps  454: .Em Scope
1.43      kristaps  455: column, if applicable, describes closure rules.
1.56      kristaps  456: .
                    457: .
1.57      kristaps  458: .Ss Block full-explicit
1.43      kristaps  459: Multi-line scope closed by an explicit closing macro.  All macros
                    460: contains bodies; only
1.64      kristaps  461: .Sx \&Bf
1.43      kristaps  462: contains a head.
1.57      kristaps  463: .Bd -literal -offset indent
1.50      kristaps  464: \&.Yo \(lB\-arg \(lBparm...\(rB\(rB \(lBhead...\(rB
                    465: \(lBbody...\(rB
1.43      kristaps  466: \&.Yc
1.57      kristaps  467: .Ed
                    468: .
                    469: .Pp
                    470: .Bl -column -compact -offset indent "MacroX" "CallableX" "ParsableX" "closed by XXX"
                    471: .It Em Macro Ta Em Callable Ta Em Parsable Ta Em Scope
1.64      kristaps  472: .It Sx \&Bd  Ta    \&No     Ta    \&No     Ta    closed by Sx \&Ed
                    473: .It Sx \&Bf  Ta    \&No     Ta    \&No     Ta    closed by Sx \&Ef
                    474: .It Sx \&Bk  Ta    \&No     Ta    \&No     Ta    closed by Sx \&Ek
                    475: .It Sx \&Bl  Ta    \&No     Ta    \&No     Ta    closed by Sx \&El
                    476: .It Sx \&Ed  Ta    \&No     Ta    \&No     Ta    opened by Sx \&Bd
                    477: .It Sx \&Ef  Ta    \&No     Ta    \&No     Ta    opened by Sx \&Bf
                    478: .It Sx \&Ek  Ta    \&No     Ta    \&No     Ta    opened by Sx \&Bk
                    479: .It Sx \&El  Ta    \&No     Ta    \&No     Ta    opened by Sx \&Bl
1.57      kristaps  480: .El
1.56      kristaps  481: .
                    482: .
1.57      kristaps  483: .Ss Block full-implicit
1.43      kristaps  484: Multi-line scope closed by end-of-file or implicitly by another macro.
1.50      kristaps  485: All macros have bodies; some
1.57      kristaps  486: .Po
1.64      kristaps  487: .Sx \&It Fl bullet ,
                    488: .Fl hyphen ,
                    489: .Fl dash ,
                    490: .Fl enum ,
                    491: .Fl item
1.57      kristaps  492: .Pc
1.64      kristaps  493: don't have heads; only one
                    494: .Po
                    495: .Sx \&It Fl column
                    496: .Pc
                    497: has multiple heads.
1.57      kristaps  498: .Bd -literal -offset indent
1.50      kristaps  499: \&.Yo \(lB\-arg \(lBparm...\(rB\(rB \(lBhead... \(lBTa head...\(rB\(rB
                    500: \(lBbody...\(rB
1.57      kristaps  501: .Ed
1.56      kristaps  502: .
1.57      kristaps  503: .Pp
                    504: .Bl -column -compact -offset indent "MacroX" "CallableX" "ParsableX" "closed by XXXXXXXXXXX"
                    505: .It Em Macro Ta Em Callable Ta Em Parsable Ta Em Scope
1.64      kristaps  506: .It Sx \&It  Ta    \&No     Ta    Yes      Ta    closed by Sx \&It , Sx \&El
                    507: .It Sx \&Nd  Ta    \&No     Ta    \&No     Ta    closed by Sx \&Sh
                    508: .It Sx \&Sh  Ta    \&No     Ta    \&No     Ta    closed by Sx \&Sh
                    509: .It Sx \&Ss  Ta    \&No     Ta    \&No     Ta    closed by Sx \&Sh , Sx \&Ss
1.57      kristaps  510: .El
1.56      kristaps  511: .
1.57      kristaps  512: .
                    513: .Ss Block partial-explicit
1.43      kristaps  514: Like block full-explicit, but also with single-line scope.  Each
1.50      kristaps  515: has at least a body and, in limited circumstances, a head
1.64      kristaps  516: .Po
                    517: .Sx \&Fo ,
                    518: .Sx \&Eo
                    519: .Pc
1.50      kristaps  520: and/or tail
1.64      kristaps  521: .Pq Sx \&Ec .
1.57      kristaps  522: .Bd -literal -offset indent
1.50      kristaps  523: \&.Yo \(lB\-arg \(lBparm...\(rB\(rB \(lBhead...\(rB
                    524: \(lBbody...\(rB
                    525: \&.Yc \(lBtail...\(rB
1.2       kristaps  526:
1.43      kristaps  527: \&.Yo \(lB\-arg \(lBparm...\(rB\(rB \(lBhead...\(rB \
1.50      kristaps  528: \(lBbody...\(rB \&Yc \(lBtail...\(rB
1.57      kristaps  529: .Ed
                    530: .
                    531: .Pp
                    532: .Bl -column "MacroX" "CallableX" "ParsableX" "closed by XXXX" -compact -offset indent
                    533: .It Em Macro Ta Em Callable Ta Em Parsable Ta Em Scope
1.64      kristaps  534: .It Sx \&Ac  Ta    Yes      Ta    Yes      Ta    opened by Sx \&Ao
1.63      kristaps  535: .It Sx \&Ao  Ta    Yes      Ta    Yes      Ta    closed by Sx \&Ac
1.64      kristaps  536: .It Sx \&Bc  Ta    Yes      Ta    Yes      Ta    closed by Sx \&Bo
                    537: .It Sx \&Bo  Ta    Yes      Ta    Yes      Ta    opened by Sx \&Bc
                    538: .It Sx \&Brc Ta    Yes      Ta    Yes      Ta    opened by Sx \&Bro
                    539: .It Sx \&Bro Ta    Yes      Ta    Yes      Ta    closed by Sx \&Brc
                    540: .It Sx \&Dc  Ta    Yes      Ta    Yes      Ta    opened by Sx \&Do
                    541: .It Sx \&Do  Ta    Yes      Ta    Yes      Ta    closed by Sx \&Dc
                    542: .It Sx \&Ec  Ta    Yes      Ta    Yes      Ta    opened by Sx \&Eo
                    543: .It Sx \&Eo  Ta    Yes      Ta    Yes      Ta    closed by Sx \&Ec
                    544: .It Sx \&Fc  Ta    Yes      Ta    Yes      Ta    opened by Sx \&Fo
                    545: .It Sx \&Fo  Ta    \&No     Ta    \&No     Ta    closed by Sx \&Fc
                    546: .It Sx \&Oc  Ta    Yes      Ta    Yes      Ta    closed by Sx \&Oo
                    547: .It Sx \&Oo  Ta    Yes      Ta    Yes      Ta    opened by Sx \&Oc
                    548: .It Sx \&Pc  Ta    Yes      Ta    Yes      Ta    closed by Sx \&Po
                    549: .It Sx \&Po  Ta    Yes      Ta    Yes      Ta    opened by Sx \&Pc
                    550: .It Sx \&Qc  Ta    Yes      Ta    Yes      Ta    opened by Sx \&Oo
                    551: .It Sx \&Qo  Ta    Yes      Ta    Yes      Ta    closed by Sx \&Oc
1.63      kristaps  552: .It Sx \&Re  Ta    \&No     Ta    \&No     Ta    opened by Sx \&Rs
                    553: .It Sx \&Rs  Ta    \&No     Ta    \&No     Ta    closed by Sx \&Re
1.64      kristaps  554: .It Sx \&Sc  Ta    Yes      Ta    Yes      Ta    opened by Sx \&So
                    555: .It Sx \&So  Ta    Yes      Ta    Yes      Ta    closed by Sx \&Sc
                    556: .It Sx \&Xc  Ta    Yes      Ta    Yes      Ta    opened by Sx \&Xo
                    557: .It Sx \&Xo  Ta    Yes      Ta    Yes      Ta    closed by Sx \&Xc
1.57      kristaps  558: .El
1.56      kristaps  559: .
                    560: .
1.57      kristaps  561: .Ss Block partial-implicit
1.50      kristaps  562: Like block full-implicit, but with single-line scope closed by
1.57      kristaps  563: .Sx Reserved Characters
1.43      kristaps  564: or end of line.
1.57      kristaps  565: .Bd -literal -offset indent
1.43      kristaps  566: \&.Yo \(lB\-arg \(lBval...\(rB\(rB \(lBbody...\(rB \(lBres...\(rB
1.57      kristaps  567: .Ed
1.56      kristaps  568: .
1.57      kristaps  569: .Pp
                    570: .Bl -column "MacroX" "CallableX" "ParsableX" -compact -offset indent
                    571: .It Em Macro Ta Em Callable Ta Em Parsable
1.64      kristaps  572: .It Sx \&Aq  Ta    Yes      Ta    Yes
                    573: .It Sx \&Bq  Ta    Yes      Ta    Yes
                    574: .It Sx \&Brq Ta    Yes      Ta    Yes
                    575: .It Sx \&D1  Ta    \&No     Ta    \&Yes
                    576: .It Sx \&Dl  Ta    \&No     Ta    Yes
                    577: .It Sx \&Dq  Ta    Yes      Ta    Yes
                    578: .It Sx \&Op  Ta    Yes      Ta    Yes
                    579: .It Sx \&Pq  Ta    Yes      Ta    Yes
                    580: .It Sx \&Ql  Ta    Yes      Ta    Yes
                    581: .It Sx \&Qq  Ta    Yes      Ta    Yes
                    582: .It Sx \&Sq  Ta    Yes      Ta    Yes
1.57      kristaps  583: .El
1.56      kristaps  584: .
1.57      kristaps  585: .
                    586: .Ss In-line
1.50      kristaps  587: Closed by
1.57      kristaps  588: .Sx Reserved Characters ,
1.43      kristaps  589: end of line, fixed argument lengths, and/or subsequent macros.  In-line
                    590: macros have only text children.  If a number (or inequality) of
1.3       kristaps  591: arguments is
1.57      kristaps  592: .Pq n ,
1.3       kristaps  593: then the macro accepts an arbitrary number of arguments.
1.57      kristaps  594: .Bd -literal -offset indent
1.43      kristaps  595: \&.Yo \(lB\-arg \(lBval...\(rB\(rB \(lBargs...\(rB \(lbres...\(rb
                    596:
                    597: \&.Yo \(lB\-arg \(lBval...\(rB\(rB \(lBargs...\(rB Yc...
                    598:
                    599: \&.Yo \(lB\-arg \(lBval...\(rB\(rB arg0 arg1 argN
1.57      kristaps  600: .Ed
                    601: .
                    602: .Pp
                    603: .Bl -column "MacroX" "CallableX" "ParsableX" "Arguments" -compact -offset indent
                    604: .It Em Macro Ta Em Callable Ta Em Parsable Ta Em Arguments
1.63      kristaps  605: .It Sx \&%A  Ta    \&No     Ta    \&No     Ta    >0
                    606: .It Sx \&%B  Ta    \&No     Ta    \&No     Ta    >0
                    607: .It Sx \&%C  Ta    \&No     Ta    \&No     Ta    >0
                    608: .It Sx \&%D  Ta    \&No     Ta    \&No     Ta    >0
                    609: .It Sx \&%I  Ta    \&No     Ta    \&No     Ta    >0
                    610: .It Sx \&%J  Ta    \&No     Ta    \&No     Ta    >0
                    611: .It Sx \&%N  Ta    \&No     Ta    \&No     Ta    >0
                    612: .It Sx \&%O  Ta    \&No     Ta    \&No     Ta    >0
                    613: .It Sx \&%P  Ta    \&No     Ta    \&No     Ta    >0
1.69    ! kristaps  614: .It Sx \&%Q  Ta    \&No     Ta    \&No     Ta    >0
1.63      kristaps  615: .It Sx \&%R  Ta    \&No     Ta    \&No     Ta    >0
                    616: .It Sx \&%T  Ta    \&No     Ta    \&No     Ta    >0
1.69    ! kristaps  617: .It Sx \&%U  Ta    \&No     Ta    \&No     Ta    >0
1.63      kristaps  618: .It Sx \&%V  Ta    \&No     Ta    \&No     Ta    >0
1.64      kristaps  619: .It Sx \&Ad  Ta    Yes      Ta    Yes      Ta    n
                    620: .It Sx \&An  Ta    Yes      Ta    Yes      Ta    n
                    621: .It Sx \&Ap  Ta    Yes      Ta    Yes      Ta    0
                    622: .It Sx \&Ar  Ta    Yes      Ta    Yes      Ta    n
                    623: .It Sx \&At  Ta    Yes      Ta    Yes      Ta    1
                    624: .It Sx \&Bsx Ta    Yes      Ta    Yes      Ta    n
                    625: .It Sx \&Bt  Ta    \&No     Ta    \&No     Ta    0
                    626: .It Sx \&Bx  Ta    Yes      Ta    Yes      Ta    n
                    627: .It Sx \&Cd  Ta    Yes      Ta    Yes      Ta    >0
                    628: .It Sx \&Cm  Ta    Yes      Ta    Yes      Ta    n
                    629: .It Sx \&Db  Ta    \&No     Ta    \&No     Ta    1
                    630: .It Sx \&Dd  Ta    \&No     Ta    \&No     Ta    >0
                    631: .It Sx \&Dt  Ta    \&No     Ta    \&No     Ta    n
                    632: .It Sx \&Dv  Ta    Yes      Ta    Yes      Ta    n
                    633: .It Sx \&Dx  Ta    Yes      Ta    Yes      Ta    n
                    634: .It Sx \&Em  Ta    Yes      Ta    Yes      Ta    >0
                    635: .It Sx \&En  Ta    \&No     Ta    \&No     Ta    0
                    636: .It Sx \&Er  Ta    Yes      Ta    Yes      Ta    >0
                    637: .It Sx \&Es  Ta    \&No     Ta    \&No     Ta    0
                    638: .It Sx \&Ev  Ta    Yes      Ta    Yes      Ta    n
                    639: .It Sx \&Ex  Ta    \&No     Ta    \&No     Ta    n
                    640: .It Sx \&Fa  Ta    Yes      Ta    Yes      Ta    n
                    641: .It Sx \&Fd  Ta    \&No     Ta    \&No     Ta    >0
                    642: .It Sx \&Fl  Ta    Yes      Ta    Yes      Ta    n
                    643: .It Sx \&Fn  Ta    Yes      Ta    Yes      Ta    >0
                    644: .It Sx \&Fr  Ta    \&No     Ta    \&No     Ta    n
                    645: .It Sx \&Ft  Ta    Yes      Ta    Yes      Ta    n
                    646: .It Sx \&Fx  Ta    Yes      Ta    Yes      Ta    n
                    647: .It Sx \&Hf  Ta    \&No     Ta    \&No     Ta    n
                    648: .It Sx \&Ic  Ta    Yes      Ta    Yes      Ta    >0
                    649: .It Sx \&In  Ta    \&No     Ta    \&No     Ta    n
                    650: .It Sx \&Lb  Ta    \&No     Ta    \&No     Ta    1
                    651: .It Sx \&Li  Ta    Yes      Ta    Yes      Ta    n
                    652: .It Sx \&Lk  Ta    Yes      Ta    Yes      Ta    n
                    653: .It Sx \&Lp  Ta    \&No     Ta    \&No     Ta    0
                    654: .It Sx \&Ms  Ta    Yes      Ta    Yes      Ta    >0
                    655: .It Sx \&Mt  Ta    Yes      Ta    Yes      Ta    >0
                    656: .It Sx \&Nm  Ta    Yes      Ta    Yes      Ta    n
                    657: .It Sx \&No  Ta    Yes      Ta    Yes      Ta    0
                    658: .It Sx \&Ns  Ta    Yes      Ta    Yes      Ta    0
                    659: .It Sx \&Nx  Ta    Yes      Ta    Yes      Ta    n
                    660: .It Sx \&Os  Ta    \&No     Ta    \&No     Ta    n
                    661: .It Sx \&Ot  Ta    \&No     Ta    \&No     Ta    n
                    662: .It Sx \&Ox  Ta    Yes      Ta    Yes      Ta    n
                    663: .It Sx \&Pa  Ta    Yes      Ta    Yes      Ta    n
                    664: .It Sx \&Pf  Ta    \&No     Ta    Yes      Ta    1
                    665: .It Sx \&Pp  Ta    \&No     Ta    \&No     Ta    0
                    666: .It Sx \&Rv  Ta    \&No     Ta    \&No     Ta    n
                    667: .It Sx \&Sm  Ta    \&No     Ta    \&No     Ta    1
                    668: .It Sx \&St  Ta    \&No     Ta    Yes      Ta    1
                    669: .It Sx \&Sx  Ta    Yes      Ta    Yes      Ta    >0
                    670: .It Sx \&Sy  Ta    Yes      Ta    Yes      Ta    >0
                    671: .It Sx \&Tn  Ta    Yes      Ta    Yes      Ta    >0
                    672: .It Sx \&Ud  Ta    \&No     Ta    \&No     Ta    0
                    673: .It Sx \&Ux  Ta    Yes      Ta    Yes      Ta    n
                    674: .It Sx \&Va  Ta    Yes      Ta    Yes      Ta    n
                    675: .It Sx \&Vt  Ta    Yes      Ta    Yes      Ta    >0
                    676: .It Sx \&Xr  Ta    Yes      Ta    Yes      Ta    >0, <3
                    677: .It Sx \&br  Ta    \&No     Ta    \&No     Ta    0
                    678: .It Sx \&sp  Ta    \&No     Ta    \&No     Ta    1
1.57      kristaps  679: .El
1.56      kristaps  680: .
                    681: .
1.63      kristaps  682: .Sh REFERENCE
                    683: This section is a canonical reference of all macros, arranged
                    684: alphabetically.  For the scoping of individual macros, see
                    685: .Sx MACRO SYNTAX .
                    686: .
                    687: .Ss \&%A
                    688: Author name of an
                    689: .Sx \&Rs
                    690: block.  Multiple authors should each be accorded their own
1.64      kristaps  691: .Sx \%%A
1.66      kristaps  692: line.  Author names should be ordered with full or abbreviated
                    693: forename(s) first, then full surname.
1.64      kristaps  694: .
1.63      kristaps  695: .Ss \&%B
                    696: Book title of an
                    697: .Sx \&Rs
                    698: block.  This macro may also be used in a non-bibliographic context when
                    699: referring to book titles.
1.64      kristaps  700: .
1.63      kristaps  701: .Ss \&%C
                    702: Publication city or location of an
                    703: .Sx \&Rs
                    704: block.
                    705: .Pp
1.65      kristaps  706: .Em Remarks :
1.63      kristaps  707: this macro is not implemented in
                    708: .Xr groff 1 .
1.64      kristaps  709: .
1.63      kristaps  710: .Ss \&%D
                    711: Publication date of an
                    712: .Sx \&Rs
1.66      kristaps  713: block.  This should follow the reduced syntax for
1.63      kristaps  714: .Sx Dates .
1.66      kristaps  715: Canonical or non-canonical form is not necessary since publications are
                    716: often referenced only by year, or month and year.
1.64      kristaps  717: .
1.63      kristaps  718: .Ss \&%I
                    719: Publisher or issuer name of an
                    720: .Sx \&Rs
                    721: block.
1.64      kristaps  722: .
1.63      kristaps  723: .Ss \&%J
                    724: Journal name of an
                    725: .Sx \&Rs
                    726: block.
1.64      kristaps  727: .
1.63      kristaps  728: .Ss \&%N
                    729: Issue number (usually for journals) of an
                    730: .Sx \&Rs
                    731: block.
1.64      kristaps  732: .
1.63      kristaps  733: .Ss \&%O
                    734: Optional information of an
                    735: .Sx \&Rs
                    736: block.
1.64      kristaps  737: .
1.63      kristaps  738: .Ss \&%P
                    739: Book or journal page number of an
                    740: .Sx \&Rs
                    741: block.
1.64      kristaps  742: .
1.63      kristaps  743: .Ss \&%Q
                    744: Institutional author (school, government, etc.) of an
                    745: .Sx \&Rs
                    746: block.  Multiple institutional authors should each be accorded their own
1.64      kristaps  747: .Sx \&%Q
1.63      kristaps  748: line.
1.64      kristaps  749: .
1.63      kristaps  750: .Ss \&%R
                    751: Technical report name of an
                    752: .Sx \&Rs
                    753: block.
1.64      kristaps  754: .
1.63      kristaps  755: .Ss \&%T
                    756: Article title of an
                    757: .Sx \&Rs
                    758: block.  This macro may also be used in a non-bibliographical context
                    759: when referring to article titles.
1.64      kristaps  760: .
1.69    ! kristaps  761: .Ss \&%U
        !           762: URI of current document.
        !           763: .
1.63      kristaps  764: .Ss \&%V
                    765: Volume number of an
                    766: .Sx \&Rs
                    767: block.
1.64      kristaps  768: .
1.63      kristaps  769: .Ss \&Ac
                    770: Closes an
                    771: .Sx \&Ao
                    772: block.  Does not have any tail arguments.
1.64      kristaps  773: .
1.63      kristaps  774: .Ss \&Ad
                    775: Address construct: usually in the context of an computational address in
                    776: memory, not a physical (post) address.
                    777: .Pp
1.64      kristaps  778: Examples:
1.63      kristaps  779: .Bd -literal -offset indent
                    780: \&.Ad [0,$]
                    781: \&.Ad 0x00000000
                    782: .Ed
1.64      kristaps  783: .
1.63      kristaps  784: .Ss \&An
1.64      kristaps  785: Author name.  This macro may alternatively accepts the following
                    786: arguments, although these may not be specified along with a parameter:
                    787: .Bl -tag -width 12n -offset indent
                    788: .It Fl split
1.66      kristaps  789: Renders a line break before each author listing.
1.64      kristaps  790: .It Fl nosplit
                    791: The opposite of
                    792: .Fl split .
                    793: .El
                    794: .Pp
                    795: In the AUTHORS section, the default is not to split the first author
                    796: listing, but all subsequent author listings, whether or not they're
                    797: interspersed by other macros or text, are split.  Thus, specifying
                    798: .Fl split
                    799: will cause the first listing also to be split.  If not in the AUTHORS
                    800: section, the default is not to split.
                    801: .Pp
                    802: Examples:
                    803: .Bd -literal -offset indent
                    804: \&.An -nosplit
                    805: \&.An J. E. Hopcraft ,
                    806: \&.An J. D. Ullman .
                    807: .Ed
                    808: .Pp
                    809: .Em Remarks :
                    810: the effects of
                    811: .Fl split
                    812: or
                    813: .Fl nosplit
                    814: are re-set when entering the AUTHORS section, so if one specifies
                    815: .Sx \&An Fl nosplit
                    816: in the general document body, it must be re-specified in the AUTHORS
                    817: section.
                    818: .
1.63      kristaps  819: .Ss \&Ao
                    820: Begins a block enclosed by angled brackets.  Does not have any head
                    821: arguments.
                    822: .Pp
1.64      kristaps  823: Examples:
1.63      kristaps  824: .Bd -literal -offset indent
                    825: \&.Fl -key= Ns Ao Ar val Ac
                    826: .Ed
                    827: .Pp
1.64      kristaps  828: See also
                    829: .Sx \&Aq .
                    830: .
1.63      kristaps  831: .Ss \&Ap
1.64      kristaps  832: Inserts an apostrophe without any surrounding white-space.  This is
                    833: generally used as a grammatic device when referring to the verb form of
                    834: a function:
                    835: .Bd -literal -offset indent
                    836: \&.Fn execve Ap d
                    837: .Ed
                    838: .
1.63      kristaps  839: .Ss \&Aq
1.64      kristaps  840: Encloses its arguments in angled brackets.
                    841: .Pp
                    842: Examples:
                    843: .Bd -literal -offset indent
                    844: \&.Fl -key= Ns Aq Ar val
                    845: .Ed
                    846: .Pp
                    847: .Em Remarks :
                    848: this macro is often abused for rendering URIs, which should instead use
                    849: .Sx \&Lk
                    850: or
                    851: .Sx \&Mt ,
                    852: or to note pre-processor
                    853: .Dq Li #include
                    854: statements, which should use
                    855: .Sx \&In .
                    856: .Pp
                    857: See also
                    858: .Sx \&Ao .
                    859: .
1.63      kristaps  860: .Ss \&Ar
1.66      kristaps  861: Command arguments.  If an argument is not provided, the string
1.64      kristaps  862: .Dq file ...
1.66      kristaps  863: is used as a default.
1.64      kristaps  864: .Pp
                    865: Examples:
                    866: .Bd -literal -offset indent
                    867: \&.Fl o Ns Ar file1
                    868: \&.Ar
                    869: \&.Ar arg1 , arg2 .
                    870: .Ed
                    871: .
1.63      kristaps  872: .Ss \&At
1.64      kristaps  873: Formats an AT&T version.  Accepts at most one parameter:
                    874: .Bl -tag -width 12n -offset indent
                    875: .It Cm v[1-7] | 32v
                    876: A version of
                    877: .At .
                    878: .It Cm V[.[1-4]]?
                    879: A system version of
                    880: .At .
                    881: .El
                    882: .Pp
                    883: Note that these parameters do not begin with a hyphen.
                    884: .Pp
                    885: Examples:
                    886: .Bd -literal -offset indent
                    887: \&.At
                    888: \&.At V.1
                    889: .Ed
1.65      kristaps  890: .Pp
                    891: See also
1.66      kristaps  892: .Sx \&Bsx ,
1.65      kristaps  893: .Sx \&Bx ,
1.66      kristaps  894: .Sx \&Dx ,
1.65      kristaps  895: .Sx \&Fx ,
                    896: .Sx \&Nx ,
                    897: .Sx \&Ox ,
                    898: and
                    899: .Sx \&Ux .
1.64      kristaps  900: .
1.63      kristaps  901: .Ss \&Bc
1.64      kristaps  902: Closes a
                    903: .Sx \&Bo
                    904: block.  Does not have any tail arguments.
                    905: .
1.63      kristaps  906: .Ss \&Bd
1.64      kristaps  907: Begins a display block.  A display is collection of macros or text which
                    908: may be collectively offset or justified in a manner different from that
                    909: of the enclosing context.  By default, the block is preceded by a
                    910: vertical space.
                    911: .Pp
                    912: Each display is associated with a type, which must be one of the
                    913: following arguments:
                    914: .Bl -tag -width 12n -offset indent
                    915: .It Fl ragged
                    916: Only left-justify the block.
                    917: .It Fl unfilled
                    918: Do not justify the block at all.
                    919: .It Fl filled
                    920: Left- and right-justify the block.
                    921: .It Fl literal
                    922: Alias for
                    923: .Fl unfilled .
                    924: .It Fl centered
                    925: Centre-justify each line.
                    926: .El
                    927: .Pp
                    928: The type must be provided first.  Secondary arguments are as follows:
                    929: .Bl -tag -width 12n -offset indent
                    930: .It Fl offset Ar width
                    931: Offset by the value of
                    932: .Ar width ,
                    933: which is interpreted as one of the following, specified in order:
                    934: .Bl -item
                    935: .It
                    936: As one of the pre-defined strings
                    937: .Ar indent ,
                    938: the width of standard indentation;
                    939: .Ar indent-two ,
                    940: twice
                    941: .Ar indent ;
                    942: .Ar left ,
                    943: which has no effect ;
                    944: .Ar right ,
                    945: which justifies to the right margin; and
                    946: .Ar center ,
                    947: which aligns around an imagined centre axis.
                    948: .It
                    949: As a precalculated width for a named macro.  The most popular is the
                    950: imaginary macro
1.67      kristaps  951: .Ar \&Ds ,
1.64      kristaps  952: which resolves to
                    953: .Ar 6n .
                    954: .It
                    955: As a scaling unit following the syntax described in
                    956: .Sx Scaling Widths .
                    957: .It
                    958: As the calculated string length of the opaque string.
                    959: .El
                    960: .Pp
                    961: If unset, it will revert to the value of
                    962: .Ar 8n
                    963: as described in
                    964: .Sx Scaling Widths .
                    965: .It Fl compact
                    966: Do not assert a vertical space before the block.
                    967: .It Fl file Ar file
                    968: Prepend the file
                    969: .Ar file
                    970: before any text or macros within the block.
                    971: .El
                    972: .Pp
                    973: Examples:
                    974: .Bd -literal -offset indent
                    975: \&.Bd \-unfilled \-offset two-indent \-compact
1.65      kristaps  976:    Hello       world.
1.64      kristaps  977: \&.Ed
                    978: .Ed
1.66      kristaps  979: .Pp
                    980: See also
                    981: .Sx \&D1
                    982: and
                    983: .Sx \&Dl .
1.64      kristaps  984: .
1.63      kristaps  985: .Ss \&Bf
                    986: .Ss \&Bk
                    987: .Ss \&Bl
1.65      kristaps  988: .
1.63      kristaps  989: .Ss \&Bo
1.65      kristaps  990: Begins a block enclosed by square brackets.  Does not have any head
                    991: arguments.
                    992: .Pp
                    993: Examples:
                    994: .Bd -literal -offset indent
                    995: \&.Bo 1 ,
                    996: \&.Dv BUFSIZ Bc
                    997: .Ed
                    998: .Pp
                    999: See also
                   1000: .Sx \&Bq .
                   1001: .
1.63      kristaps 1002: .Ss \&Bq
1.65      kristaps 1003: Encloses its arguments in square brackets.
                   1004: .Pp
                   1005: Examples:
                   1006: .Bd -literal -offset indent
                   1007: \&.Bq 1 , Dv BUFSIZ
                   1008: .Ed
                   1009: .Pp
                   1010: .Em Remarks :
                   1011: this macro is sometimes abused to emulate optional arguments for
                   1012: commands; the correct macros to use for this purpose are
                   1013: .Sx \&Op ,
                   1014: .Sx \&Oo ,
                   1015: and
                   1016: .Sx \&Oc .
                   1017: .Pp
                   1018: See also
                   1019: .Sx \&Bo .
                   1020: .
1.63      kristaps 1021: .Ss \&Brc
1.65      kristaps 1022: Closes a
                   1023: .Sx \&Bro
                   1024: block.  Does not have any tail arguments.
                   1025: .
1.63      kristaps 1026: .Ss \&Bro
1.65      kristaps 1027: Begins a block enclosed by curly braces.  Does not have any head
                   1028: arguments.
                   1029: .Pp
                   1030: Examples:
                   1031: .Bd -literal -offset indent
                   1032: \&.Bro 1 , ... ,
                   1033: \&.Va n Brc
                   1034: .Ed
                   1035: .Pp
                   1036: See also
                   1037: .Sx \&Brq .
                   1038: .
1.63      kristaps 1039: .Ss \&Brq
1.65      kristaps 1040: Encloses its arguments in curly braces.
                   1041: .Pp
                   1042: Examples:
                   1043: .Bd -literal -offset indent
                   1044: \&.Brq 1 , ... , Va n
                   1045: .Ed
                   1046: .Pp
                   1047: See also
                   1048: .Sx \&Bro .
                   1049: .
1.63      kristaps 1050: .Ss \&Bsx
1.65      kristaps 1051: Format the BSD/OS version provided as an argument, or a default value if
                   1052: no argument is provided.
                   1053: .Pp
                   1054: Examples:
                   1055: .Bd -literal -offset indent
                   1056: \&.Bsx 1.0
                   1057: \&.Bsx
                   1058: .Ed
                   1059: .Pp
                   1060: See also
                   1061: .Sx \&At ,
                   1062: .Sx \&Bx ,
1.66      kristaps 1063: .Sx \&Dx ,
1.65      kristaps 1064: .Sx \&Fx ,
                   1065: .Sx \&Nx ,
                   1066: .Sx \&Ox ,
                   1067: and
                   1068: .Sx \&Ux .
                   1069: .
1.63      kristaps 1070: .Ss \&Bt
1.66      kristaps 1071: Prints
                   1072: .Dq is currently in beta test.
                   1073: .
1.63      kristaps 1074: .Ss \&Bx
1.65      kristaps 1075: Format the BSD version provided as an argument, or a default value if no
                   1076: argument is provided.
                   1077: .Pp
                   1078: Examples:
                   1079: .Bd -literal -offset indent
                   1080: \&.Bx 4.4
                   1081: \&.Bx
                   1082: .Ed
                   1083: .Pp
                   1084: See also
                   1085: .Sx \&At ,
                   1086: .Sx \&Bsx ,
1.66      kristaps 1087: .Sx \&Dx ,
1.65      kristaps 1088: .Sx \&Fx ,
                   1089: .Sx \&Nx ,
                   1090: .Sx \&Ox ,
                   1091: and
                   1092: .Sx \&Ux .
                   1093: .
1.63      kristaps 1094: .Ss \&Cd
1.66      kristaps 1095: Configuration declaration (suggested for use only in section four
                   1096: manuals).  This denotes strings accepted by
                   1097: .Xr config 8 .
                   1098: .Pp
                   1099: Examples:
                   1100: .Bd -literal -offset indent
                   1101: \&.Cd device le0 at scode?
                   1102: .Ed
                   1103: .Pp
                   1104: .Em Remarks :
                   1105: this macro is commonly abused by using quoted literals to retain
                   1106: white-space and align consecutive
                   1107: .Sx \&Cd
                   1108: declarations.  This practise is discouraged.
                   1109: .
1.63      kristaps 1110: .Ss \&Cm
1.66      kristaps 1111: Command modifiers.  Useful when specifying configuration options or
                   1112: keys.
                   1113: .Pp
                   1114: Examples:
                   1115: .Bd -literal -offset indent
                   1116: \&.Cm ControlPath
                   1117: \&.Cm ControlMaster
                   1118: .Ed
                   1119: .Pp
                   1120: See also
                   1121: .Sx \&Fl .
                   1122: .
1.63      kristaps 1123: .Ss \&D1
1.66      kristaps 1124: One-line indented display.  This is formatted by the default rules and
                   1125: is useful for simple indented statements.  It is followed by a newline.
                   1126: .Pp
                   1127: Examples:
                   1128: .Bd -literal -offset indent
                   1129: \&.D1 Fl abcdefgh
                   1130: .Ed
                   1131: .Pp
                   1132: See also
                   1133: .Sx \&Bd
                   1134: and
                   1135: .Sx \&Dl .
                   1136: .
1.63      kristaps 1137: .Ss \&Db
                   1138: .Ss \&Dc
1.66      kristaps 1139: Closes a
                   1140: .Sx \&Do
                   1141: block.  Does not have any tail arguments.
                   1142: .
1.63      kristaps 1143: .Ss \&Dd
1.66      kristaps 1144: Document date.  This is the mandatory first macro of any
                   1145: .Nm
                   1146: manual.  Its calling syntax is as follows:
                   1147: .Pp
                   1148: .D1 \. Ns Sx \&Dd Cm date
                   1149: .Pp
                   1150: The
                   1151: .Cm date
                   1152: field may be either
                   1153: .Ar $\&Mdocdate$ ,
                   1154: which signifies the current manual revision date dictated by
                   1155: .Xr cvs 1
                   1156: or instead a valid canonical date as specified by
                   1157: .Sx Dates .
                   1158: .Pp
                   1159: Examples:
                   1160: .Bd -literal -offset indent
                   1161: \&.Dd $\&Mdocdate$
                   1162: \&.Dd $\&Mdocdate: July 21 2007$
                   1163: \&.Dd July 21, 2007
                   1164: .Ed
                   1165: .Pp
                   1166: See also
                   1167: .Sx \&Dt
                   1168: and
                   1169: .Sx \&Os .
                   1170: .
1.63      kristaps 1171: .Ss \&Dl
1.66      kristaps 1172: One-line intended display.  This is formatted as literal text and is
                   1173: useful for commands and invocations.  It is followed by a newline.
                   1174: .Pp
                   1175: Examples:
                   1176: .Bd -literal -offset indent
                   1177: \&.Dl % mandoc mdoc.7 | less
                   1178: .Ed
                   1179: .Pp
                   1180: See also
                   1181: .Sx \&Bd
                   1182: and
                   1183: .Sx \&D1 .
                   1184: .
1.63      kristaps 1185: .Ss \&Do
1.66      kristaps 1186: Begins a block enclosed by double quotes.  Does not have any head
                   1187: arguments.
                   1188: .Pp
                   1189: Examples:
                   1190: .Bd -literal -offset indent
                   1191: \&.D1 Do April is the cruellest month Dc \e(em T.S. Eliot
                   1192: .Ed
                   1193: .Pp
                   1194: See also
                   1195: .Sx \&Dq .
                   1196: .
1.63      kristaps 1197: .Ss \&Dq
1.66      kristaps 1198: Encloses its arguments in double quotes.
                   1199: .Pp
                   1200: Examples:
                   1201: .Bd -literal -offset indent
                   1202: \&.Dq April is the cruellest month
                   1203: \e(em T.S. Eliot
                   1204: .Ed
                   1205: .Pp
                   1206: See also
                   1207: .Sx \&Do .
                   1208: .
1.63      kristaps 1209: .Ss \&Dt
1.66      kristaps 1210: Document title.  This is the mandatory second macro of any
                   1211: .Nm
                   1212: file.  Its calling syntax is as follows:
                   1213: .Pp
                   1214: .D1 \. Ns Sx \&Dt Cm title section Op Cm volume | arch
                   1215: .Pp
                   1216: Its arguments are as follows:
                   1217: .Bl -tag -width Ds -offset Ds
                   1218: .It Cm title
                   1219: The document's title (name).  This should be capitalised and is
                   1220: required.
                   1221: .It Cm section
                   1222: The manual section.  This may be one of
                   1223: .Ar 1
                   1224: .Pq utilities ,
                   1225: .Ar 2
                   1226: .Pq system calls ,
                   1227: .Ar 3
                   1228: .Pq libraries ,
                   1229: .Ar 3p
                   1230: .Pq Perl libraries ,
                   1231: .Ar 4
                   1232: .Pq devices ,
                   1233: .Ar 5
                   1234: .Pq file formats ,
                   1235: .Ar 6
                   1236: .Pq games ,
                   1237: .Ar 7
                   1238: .Pq miscellaneous ,
                   1239: .Ar 8
                   1240: .Pq system utilities ,
                   1241: .Ar 9
                   1242: .Pq kernel functions ,
                   1243: .Ar X11
                   1244: .Pq X Window System ,
                   1245: .Ar X11R6
                   1246: .Pq X Window System ,
                   1247: .Ar unass
                   1248: .Pq unassociated ,
                   1249: .Ar local
                   1250: .Pq local system ,
                   1251: .Ar draft
                   1252: .Pq draft manual ,
                   1253: or
                   1254: .Ar paper
                   1255: .Pq paper .
                   1256: It is also required and should correspond to the manual's filename
                   1257: suffix.
                   1258: .It Cm volume
                   1259: This overrides the volume inferred from
                   1260: .Ar section .
                   1261: This field is optional, and if specified, must be one of
                   1262: .Ar USD
                   1263: .Pq users' supplementary documents ,
                   1264: .Ar PS1
                   1265: .Pq programmers' supplementary documents ,
                   1266: .Ar AMD
                   1267: .Pq administrators' supplementary documents ,
                   1268: .Ar SMM
                   1269: .Pq system managers' manuals ,
                   1270: .Ar URM
                   1271: .Pq users' reference manuals ,
                   1272: .Ar PRM
                   1273: .Pq programmers' reference manuals ,
                   1274: .Ar KM
                   1275: .Pq kernel manuals ,
                   1276: .Ar IND
                   1277: .Pq master index ,
                   1278: .Ar MMI
                   1279: .Pq master index ,
                   1280: .Ar LOCAL
                   1281: .Pq local manuals ,
                   1282: .Ar LOC
                   1283: .Pq local manuals ,
                   1284: or
                   1285: .Ar CON
                   1286: .Pq contributed manuals .
                   1287: .It Cm arch
                   1288: This specifies a specific relevant architecture.  If
                   1289: .Cm volume
                   1290: is not provided, it may be used in its place, else it may be used
                   1291: subsequent that.  It, too, is optional.  It must be one of
                   1292: .Ar alpha ,
                   1293: .Ar amd64 ,
                   1294: .Ar amiga ,
                   1295: .Ar arc ,
                   1296: .Ar arm ,
                   1297: .Ar armish ,
                   1298: .Ar aviion ,
                   1299: .Ar hp300 ,
                   1300: .Ar hppa ,
                   1301: .Ar hppa64 ,
                   1302: .Ar i386 ,
                   1303: .Ar landisk ,
                   1304: .Ar luna88k ,
                   1305: .Ar mac68k ,
                   1306: .Ar macppc ,
                   1307: .Ar mvme68k ,
                   1308: .Ar mvme88k ,
                   1309: .Ar mvmeppc ,
                   1310: .Ar pmax ,
                   1311: .Ar sgi ,
                   1312: .Ar socppc ,
                   1313: .Ar sparc ,
                   1314: .Ar sparc64 ,
                   1315: .Ar sun3 ,
                   1316: .Ar vax ,
                   1317: or
                   1318: .Ar zaurus .
                   1319: .El
                   1320: .Pp
                   1321: Examples:
                   1322: .Bd -literal -offset indent
                   1323: \&.Dt FOO 1
                   1324: \&.Dt FOO 4 KM
                   1325: \&.Dt FOO 9 i386
                   1326: \&.Dt FOO 9 KM i386
                   1327: .Ed
                   1328: .Pp
                   1329: See also
                   1330: .Sx \&Dd
                   1331: and
                   1332: .Sx \&Os .
                   1333: .
1.63      kristaps 1334: .Ss \&Dv
1.66      kristaps 1335: Defined variables such as preprocessor constants.
                   1336: .Pp
                   1337: Examples:
                   1338: .Bd -literal -offset indent
                   1339: \&.Dv BUFSIZ
                   1340: \&.Dv STDOUT_FILENO
                   1341: .Ed
                   1342: .Pp
                   1343: See also
                   1344: .Sx \&Er .
                   1345: .
1.63      kristaps 1346: .Ss \&Dx
1.66      kristaps 1347: Format the DragonFlyBSD version provided as an argument, or a default
                   1348: value if no argument is provided.
                   1349: .Pp
                   1350: Examples:
                   1351: .Bd -literal -offset indent
                   1352: \&.Dx 2.4.1
                   1353: \&.Dx
                   1354: .Ed
                   1355: .Pp
                   1356: See also
                   1357: .Sx \&At ,
                   1358: .Sx \&Bsx ,
                   1359: .Sx \&Bx ,
                   1360: .Sx \&Fx ,
                   1361: .Sx \&Nx ,
                   1362: .Sx \&Ox ,
                   1363: and
                   1364: .Sx \&Ux .
                   1365: .
1.63      kristaps 1366: .Ss \&Ec
                   1367: .Ss \&Ed
                   1368: .Ss \&Ef
                   1369: .Ss \&Ek
                   1370: .Ss \&El
                   1371: .Ss \&Em
1.66      kristaps 1372: Denotes text that should be emphasised.  Note that this is a
                   1373: presentation term and should not be used for stylistically decorating
                   1374: technical terms.
                   1375: .Pp
                   1376: Examples:
                   1377: .Bd -literal -offset indent
                   1378: \&.Ed Warnings!
                   1379: \&.Ed Remarks :
                   1380: .Ed
                   1381: .
1.63      kristaps 1382: .Ss \&En
                   1383: .Ss \&Eo
                   1384: .Ss \&Er
1.66      kristaps 1385: Error constants (suggested for use only in section two manuals).
                   1386: .Pp
                   1387: Examples:
                   1388: .Bd -literal -offset indent
                   1389: \&.Er EPERM
                   1390: \&.Er ENOENT
                   1391: .Ed
                   1392: .Pp
                   1393: See also
                   1394: .Sx \&Dv .
                   1395: .
1.63      kristaps 1396: .Ss \&Es
1.66      kristaps 1397: .
1.63      kristaps 1398: .Ss \&Ev
1.66      kristaps 1399: Environmental variables such as those specified in
                   1400: .Xr environ 7 .
                   1401: .Pp
                   1402: Examples:
                   1403: .Bd -literal -offset indent
                   1404: \&.Ev DISPLAY
                   1405: \&.Ev PATH
                   1406: .Ed
                   1407: .
1.63      kristaps 1408: .Ss \&Ex
1.66      kristaps 1409: Inserts text regarding a utility's exit values.  This macro must have
                   1410: first the
                   1411: .Fl std
                   1412: argument specified, then an optional
                   1413: .Ar utility .
                   1414: If
                   1415: .Ar utility
                   1416: is not provided, the document's name as stipulated in
                   1417: .Sx \&Nm
                   1418: is provided.
1.63      kristaps 1419: .Ss \&Fa
                   1420: .Ss \&Fc
                   1421: .Ss \&Fd
                   1422: .Ss \&Fl
                   1423: .Ss \&Fn
                   1424: .Ss \&Fo
                   1425: .Ss \&Fr
                   1426: .Ss \&Ft
                   1427: .Ss \&Fx
1.65      kristaps 1428: Format the FreeBSD version provided as an argument, or a default value
                   1429: if no argument is provided.
                   1430: .Pp
                   1431: Examples:
                   1432: .Bd -literal -offset indent
                   1433: \&.Fx 7.1
                   1434: \&.Fx
                   1435: .Ed
                   1436: .Pp
                   1437: See also
                   1438: .Sx \&At ,
1.66      kristaps 1439: .Sx \&Bsx ,
1.65      kristaps 1440: .Sx \&Bx ,
1.66      kristaps 1441: .Sx \&Dx ,
1.65      kristaps 1442: .Sx \&Nx ,
                   1443: .Sx \&Ox ,
                   1444: and
                   1445: .Sx \&Ux .
                   1446: .
1.63      kristaps 1447: .Ss \&Hf
                   1448: .Ss \&Ic
                   1449: .Ss \&In
                   1450: .Ss \&It
                   1451: .Ss \&Lb
                   1452: .Ss \&Li
                   1453: .Ss \&Lk
                   1454: .Ss \&Lp
                   1455: .Ss \&Ms
                   1456: .Ss \&Mt
                   1457: .Ss \&Nd
                   1458: .Ss \&Nm
                   1459: .Ss \&No
                   1460: .Ss \&Ns
                   1461: .Ss \&Nx
1.65      kristaps 1462: Format the NetBSD version provided as an argument, or a default value if
                   1463: no argument is provided.
                   1464: .Pp
                   1465: Examples:
                   1466: .Bd -literal -offset indent
                   1467: \&.Nx 5.01
                   1468: \&.Nx
                   1469: .Ed
                   1470: .Pp
                   1471: See also
                   1472: .Sx \&At ,
1.66      kristaps 1473: .Sx \&Bsx ,
1.65      kristaps 1474: .Sx \&Bx ,
1.66      kristaps 1475: .Sx \&Dx ,
1.65      kristaps 1476: .Sx \&Fx ,
                   1477: .Sx \&Ox ,
                   1478: and
                   1479: .Sx \&Ux .
                   1480: .
1.63      kristaps 1481: .Ss \&Oc
                   1482: .Ss \&Oo
                   1483: .Ss \&Op
                   1484: .Ss \&Os
1.66      kristaps 1485: Document operating system version.  This is the mandatory third macro of
                   1486: any
                   1487: .Nm
                   1488: file.  Its calling syntax is as follows:
                   1489: .Pp
                   1490: .D1 \. Ns Sx \&Os Op Cm system
                   1491: .Pp
                   1492: The optional
                   1493: .Cm system
                   1494: parameter specifies the relevant operating system or environment.  Left
                   1495: unspecified, it defaults to the local operating system version.  This is
                   1496: the suggested form.
                   1497: .Pp
                   1498: Examples:
                   1499: .Bd -literal -offset indent
                   1500: \&.Os
                   1501: \&.Os KTH/CSC/TCS
                   1502: \&.Os BSD 4.3
                   1503: .Ed
                   1504: .Pp
                   1505: See also
                   1506: .Sx \&Dd
                   1507: and
                   1508: .Sx \&Dt .
                   1509: .
1.63      kristaps 1510: .Ss \&Ot
1.66      kristaps 1511: Unknown usage.
                   1512: .Pp
                   1513: .Em Remarks :
                   1514: this macro has been deprecated.
                   1515: .
1.63      kristaps 1516: .Ss \&Ox
1.65      kristaps 1517: Format the OpenBSD version provided as an argument, or a default value
                   1518: if no argument is provided.
                   1519: .Pp
                   1520: Examples:
                   1521: .Bd -literal -offset indent
                   1522: \&.Ox 4.5
                   1523: \&.Ox
                   1524: .Ed
                   1525: .Pp
                   1526: See also
                   1527: .Sx \&At ,
                   1528: .Sx \&Bsx ,
                   1529: .Sx \&Bx ,
1.66      kristaps 1530: .Sx \&Dx ,
1.65      kristaps 1531: .Sx \&Fx ,
                   1532: .Sx \&Nx ,
                   1533: and
                   1534: .Sx \&Ux .
                   1535: .
1.63      kristaps 1536: .Ss \&Pa
                   1537: .Ss \&Pc
                   1538: .Ss \&Pf
                   1539: .Ss \&Po
                   1540: .Ss \&Pp
                   1541: .Ss \&Pq
                   1542: .Ss \&Qc
                   1543: .Ss \&Ql
                   1544: .Ss \&Qo
                   1545: .Ss \&Qq
1.64      kristaps 1546: .
1.63      kristaps 1547: .Ss \&Re
                   1548: Closes a
                   1549: .Sx \&Rs
                   1550: block.  Does not have any tail arguments.
1.64      kristaps 1551: .
1.63      kristaps 1552: .Ss \&Rs
                   1553: Begins a bibliographic
                   1554: .Pq Dq reference
1.68      kristaps 1555: block.  Does not have any head arguments.  The block macro may only
1.63      kristaps 1556: contain
                   1557: .Sx \&%A ,
                   1558: .Sx \&%B ,
                   1559: .Sx \&%C ,
                   1560: .Sx \&%D ,
                   1561: .Sx \&%I ,
                   1562: .Sx \&%J ,
                   1563: .Sx \&%N ,
                   1564: .Sx \&%O ,
                   1565: .Sx \&%P ,
                   1566: .Sx \&%Q ,
                   1567: .Sx \&%R ,
                   1568: .Sx \&%T ,
                   1569: and
                   1570: .Sx \&%V
                   1571: child macros (at least one must be specified).
                   1572: .Pp
1.64      kristaps 1573: Examples:
1.63      kristaps 1574: .Bd -literal -offset indent
                   1575: \&.Rs
                   1576: \&.%A J. E. Hopcroft
                   1577: \&.%A J. D. Ullman
                   1578: \&.%B Introduction to Automata Theory, Languages, and Computation
                   1579: \&.%I Addison-Wesley
                   1580: \&.%C Reading, Massachusettes
                   1581: \&.%D 1979
                   1582: \&.Re
                   1583: .Ed
                   1584: .Pp
                   1585: If an
                   1586: .Sx \&Rs
                   1587: block is used within a SEE ALSO section, a vertical space is asserted
                   1588: before the rendered output, else the block continues on the current
                   1589: line.
1.64      kristaps 1590: .
1.63      kristaps 1591: .Ss \&Rv
                   1592: .Ss \&Sc
                   1593: .Ss \&Sh
                   1594: .Ss \&Sm
                   1595: .Ss \&So
                   1596: .Ss \&Sq
                   1597: .Ss \&Ss
                   1598: .Ss \&St
                   1599: .Ss \&Sx
                   1600: .Ss \&Sy
                   1601: .Ss \&Tn
                   1602: .Ss \&Ud
                   1603: .Ss \&Ux
1.65      kristaps 1604: Format the UNIX name.  Accepts no argument.
                   1605: .Pp
                   1606: Examples:
                   1607: .Bd -literal -offset indent
                   1608: \&.Ux
                   1609: .Ed
                   1610: .Pp
                   1611: See also
                   1612: .Sx \&At ,
1.66      kristaps 1613: .Sx \&Bsx ,
1.65      kristaps 1614: .Sx \&Bx ,
1.66      kristaps 1615: .Sx \&Dx ,
1.65      kristaps 1616: .Sx \&Fx ,
                   1617: .Sx \&Nx ,
                   1618: and
                   1619: .Sx \&Ox .
                   1620: .
1.63      kristaps 1621: .Ss \&Va
                   1622: .Ss \&Vt
                   1623: .Ss \&Xc
                   1624: .Ss \&Xo
                   1625: .Ss \&Xr
                   1626: .Ss \&br
                   1627: .Ss \&sp
                   1628: .
                   1629: .
1.4       kristaps 1630: .Sh COMPATIBILITY
1.28      kristaps 1631: This section documents compatibility with other roff implementations, at
1.50      kristaps 1632: this time limited to
1.57      kristaps 1633: .Xr groff 1 .
1.50      kristaps 1634: The term
1.57      kristaps 1635: .Qq historic groff
1.50      kristaps 1636: refers to those versions before the
1.57      kristaps 1637: .Pa doc.tmac
1.50      kristaps 1638: file re-write
1.57      kristaps 1639: .Pq somewhere between 1.15 and 1.19 .
                   1640: .
                   1641: .Pp
                   1642: .Bl -dash -compact
                   1643: .It
1.61      kristaps 1644: Negative scaling units are now truncated to zero instead of creating
                   1645: interesting conditions, such as with
                   1646: .Sq \&sp -1i .
                   1647: Furthermore, the
                   1648: .Sq f
                   1649: scaling unit, while accepted, is rendered as the default unit.
                   1650: .It
1.48      kristaps 1651: In quoted literals, groff allowed pair-wise double-quotes to produce a
                   1652: standalone double-quote in formatted output.  This idiosyncratic
                   1653: behaviour is no longer applicable.
1.57      kristaps 1654: .It
1.64      kristaps 1655: Display types
                   1656: .Sx \&Bd Fl center
                   1657: and
                   1658: .Fl right
                   1659: are aliases for
                   1660: .Fl left .
1.50      kristaps 1661: The
1.64      kristaps 1662: .Fl file Ar file
                   1663: argument is ignored.  Since text is not right-justified,
                   1664: .Fl ragged
                   1665: and
                   1666: .Fl filled
                   1667: are aliases, as are
                   1668: .Fl literal
                   1669: and
                   1670: .Fl unfilled .
1.57      kristaps 1671: .It
1.35      kristaps 1672: Blocks of whitespace are stripped from both macro and free-form text
                   1673: lines (except when in literal mode), while groff would retain whitespace
                   1674: in free-form text lines.
1.57      kristaps 1675: .It
1.28      kristaps 1676: Historic groff has many un-callable macros.  Most of these (excluding
                   1677: some block-level macros) are now callable, conforming to the
                   1678: non-historic groff version.
1.57      kristaps 1679: .It
1.50      kristaps 1680: The vertical bar
1.57      kristaps 1681: .Sq \(ba
1.28      kristaps 1682: made historic groff
1.57      kristaps 1683: .Qq go orbital
1.28      kristaps 1684: but is a proper delimiter in this implementation.
1.57      kristaps 1685: .It
1.64      kristaps 1686: .Sx \&It Fl nested
1.28      kristaps 1687: is assumed for all lists (it wasn't in historic groff): any list may be
                   1688: nested and
1.64      kristaps 1689: .Fl enum
1.4       kristaps 1690: lists will restart the sequence only for the sub-list.
1.57      kristaps 1691: .It
1.4       kristaps 1692: Some manuals use
1.64      kristaps 1693: .Sx \&Li
1.4       kristaps 1694: incorrectly by following it with a reserved character and expecting the
                   1695: delimiter to render.  This is not supported.
1.57      kristaps 1696: .It
1.50      kristaps 1697: In groff, the
1.64      kristaps 1698: .Sx \&Fo
1.41      kristaps 1699: macro only produces the first parameter.  This is no longer the case.
1.57      kristaps 1700: .El
1.56      kristaps 1701: .
                   1702: .
1.2       kristaps 1703: .Sh SEE ALSO
1.57      kristaps 1704: .Xr mandoc 1 ,
                   1705: .Xr mandoc_char 7
1.56      kristaps 1706: .
                   1707: .
1.2       kristaps 1708: .Sh AUTHORS
                   1709: The
1.57      kristaps 1710: .Nm
1.50      kristaps 1711: reference was written by
1.57      kristaps 1712: .An Kristaps Dzonsons Aq kristaps@kth.se .
1.64      kristaps 1713: .\"
                   1714: .\" XXX: this really isn't the place for these caveats.
                   1715: .\" .
                   1716: .\" .
                   1717: .\" .Sh CAVEATS
                   1718: .\" There are many ambiguous parts of mdoc.
                   1719: .\" .
                   1720: .\" .Pp
                   1721: .\" .Bl -dash -compact
                   1722: .\" .It
                   1723: .\" .Sq \&Fa
                   1724: .\" should be
                   1725: .\" .Sq \&Va
                   1726: .\" as function arguments are variables.
                   1727: .\" .It
                   1728: .\" .Sq \&Ft
                   1729: .\" should be
                   1730: .\" .Sq \&Vt
                   1731: .\" as function return types are still types.  Furthermore, the
                   1732: .\" .Sq \&Ft
                   1733: .\" should be removed and
                   1734: .\" .Sq \&Fo ,
                   1735: .\" which ostensibly follows it, should follow the same convention as
                   1736: .\" .Sq \&Va .
                   1737: .\" .It
                   1738: .\" .Sq \&Va
                   1739: .\" should formalise that only one or two arguments are acceptable: a
                   1740: .\" variable name and optional, preceding type.
                   1741: .\" .It
                   1742: .\" .Sq \&Fd
                   1743: .\" is ambiguous.  It's commonly used to indicate an include file in the
                   1744: .\" synopsis section.
                   1745: .\" .Sq \&In
                   1746: .\" should be used, instead.
                   1747: .\" .It
                   1748: .\" Only the
                   1749: .\" .Sq \-literal
                   1750: .\" argument to
                   1751: .\" .Sq \&Bd
                   1752: .\" makes sense.  The remaining ones should be removed.
                   1753: .\" .It
                   1754: .\" The
                   1755: .\" .Sq \&Xo
                   1756: .\" and
                   1757: .\" .Sq \&Xc
                   1758: .\" macros should be deprecated.
                   1759: .\" .It
                   1760: .\" The
                   1761: .\" .Sq \&Dt
                   1762: .\" macro lacks clarity.  It should be absolutely clear which title will
                   1763: .\" render when formatting the manual page.
                   1764: .\" .It
                   1765: .\" A
                   1766: .\" .Sq \&Lx
                   1767: .\" should be provided for Linux (\(`a la
                   1768: .\" .Sq \&Ox ,
                   1769: .\" .Sq \&Nx
                   1770: .\" etc.).
                   1771: .\" .It
                   1772: .\" There's no way to refer to references in
                   1773: .\" .Sq \&Rs/Re
                   1774: .\" blocks.
                   1775: .\" .It
                   1776: .\" The \-split and \-nosplit dictates via
                   1777: .\" .Sq \&An
                   1778: .\" are re-set when entering and leaving the AUTHORS section.
                   1779: .\" .El
                   1780: .\" .

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